新高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化100题（2）（含解析）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化100题（2）（含解析），共15页。
S cncerning is the ptential fr language lss that the Natinal Science Fundatin launched the Dcumenting Endangered Languages prgram t advance knwledge related t endangered human languages. The launch f the prgram is even mre urgent given the fact that abut half f all current languages being used in the wrld have been classified in varying degrees f endangerment.
At the University f Arizna, which is an imprtant site fr language preservatin, a number f researchers are invlved in activities meant t dcument endangered and lst languages. Others are wrking t help preserve languages classified as "mribund", meaning that n children are learning their native languages as their first languages in their wn hmes.
A number f UA prgrams—sme f them decades ld—are dedicated t language preservatin. Mst recently, Christian Ruvalcaba, a graduate student, launched "The Language Capital Prject" and created maps fr crrespnding website t help nn-natinal language speakers t find and cnnect with ne anther.
"Languages allw peple t create an identity fr themselves and as cmmunity members," said Elizabeth Kickham, a visiting prfessr in the UA Department f Linguistics. "Language is s clsely tied t culture: it nt nly reflects cultural practices, it is als influenced by them. Language and culture influence each ther, s it's difficult t separate them. Yu can, but yu will lse smething when yu d."
"One f the advantages f studying at the University f Arizna is the wealth f linguistic diversity t be fund amng the student ppulatin," said Kickham, wh invlved her students in language preservatin training this semester.
"Expsure t diverse ppulatins, including languages, enables a richer understanding f the human experience," Kickham said. "Languages are beautiful. When peple hear smene speaking a language they needn't feel that the persn desn't knw hw t speak English but rather that persn has a wealth f resurces."
1.Why did the Natinal Science Fundatin launch the prgram?
A.T bring back lst languages.
B.T develp endangered languages.
C.T increase understanding f endangered languages.
D.T investigate the number f endangered languages.
2.What d the maps created by Ruvalcaba infrm peple abut?
A.Where there is a website fr lst languages.
B.Where nn-natinal language speakers live.
C.Where they can learn the natinal language.
D.Where they can cmmunicate in their native language.
3.What did Kickham want t pint ut accrding t what she said?
A.The influence f cultural practices.B.The imprtance f diverse languages.
C.A need fr language preservatin training.D.A better understanding f different cultures.
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Language Lss Calls fr PreservatinB.Language Reflects Human Self-identity
C.Preserving Nn-natinal LanguageD.Identifying the Causes f Language Lss
2. A new study published in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins has cncluded that a 100 percent change t rganic(有机的) fd prductin in England and Wales wuld actually lead t a great increase in greenhuse gas emissins. In turn, this wuld cntribute t further climate change.
Althugh rganic farming directly purs ut fewer emissins than cnventinal farming—arund 20 percent lwer fr crps and 4 percent fr farm animals—it prduces ntably less fd. As t this study's findings, ttal rganic agriculture in England and Wales wuld prduce 40 percent less fd. With less fd in the market, the cuntries wuld need t increase fd imprts, which wuld prduce mre glbal greenhuse gas emissins.
Organic farming als increases the amunt f absrbing carbn, a prcess where carbn dixide (CO2) is "absrbed" ut f the atmsphere and captured by plants and stred in the sil. Hwever, even a ttal change t rganic farming wuld nly be equal t a tiny part f the higher emissins frm verseas land use.
"We predict a drp in ttal fd prductin f 40 percent under a fully rganic farming prcess, cmpared t cnventinal farming, if we keep t the same natinal diet," Dr. Adrian Williams, lead authr and reader in Agni-Envirnmental Systems at Cranfield University, said in a statement. "This results frm lwer crp quantity, because utput is limited by a lwer supply f nitrgen, which is mainly frm ther crps r slid waste frm cattle n the grassland."
Nevertheless, it is imprtant t nte that rganic farming still hlds sme useful benefits fr the envirnment, such as reducing expsure t chemicals and imprving the varieties f creatures. In cnclusin, the study suggests that rganic farming will cntinue t play a key rle in reslving the wrld's envirnmental prblems. Hwever, it's just ne part f a much wider slutin.
1.What will ttal rganic agriculture bring t England?
A.Mre main fd.B.Mre species crp.
C.Mre fd imprts.D.Mre fresh xygen.
2.Hw des rganic farming increase the amunt f absrbing carbn?
A.By taking in CO2.B.By changing CO2.
C.By giving ff CO2.D.By prducing CO2.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A.The ways t reduce rganic farming.B.The results caused by rganic farming.
C.The slutin t the envirnment prblems.D.The advantages f rganic farming.
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title f the text?
A.Organic Farming, Green FdB.Organic Farming, Our Hpe in Future
C.Organic Farming, a Mistake We MadeD.Organic Farming, a Duble-edged Swrd
3. Human scieties develped fd preferences based n what was available and what the grup decided it liked mst. Thse preferences were then passed alng as scially learned behavirs, values, knwledge and custms that make up culture. Besides humans, many ther scial animals are believed t exhibit frms f culture in varius ways, t.
In fact, accrding t a new study led by Harvard scientist Liran Samuni, bnbs(倭黑猩猩), ne f ur clsest living relatives, culd be the latest additin t the list.
The researchers studied the hunting and feeding habits f tw neighbring grups f bnbs in the Demcratic Republic f Cng. Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities in the lives f the tw bnb grups—the Ekalakala and the Kkalng. They als bth have the access and pprtunity t hunt the same kind f prey(猎物). This, hwever, is precisely where researchers nticed a striking difference.
The grups cnsistently preferred t hunt and feast n tw different types f prey. The Ekalakala grup went after an anmalure(鳞尾松鼠). The Kkalng grup n the ther hand, favred a duiker(小羚羊).
"It's basically like tw human cultures expliting a cmmn resurce in different ways," says Samuni. "Think abut tw cultures living clse t each ther but having different preferences: ne prefers chicken while the ther is mre f a beef-eating culture."
Using statistical mdeling, the researchers fund that the nly variable that culd reliably predict prey preference was whether the hunters were team Ekalakala r team Kkalng.
The researchers haven't yet investigated hw the bnb grups learned this hunting preference, but thrugh their analysis they were able t rule ut eclgical factrs r genetic differences. Basically, it means all evidence pints tward this being a learned scial behavir.
"If ur clsest living relatives have sme cultural traits(特征), then it's likely ur ancestrs already had sme capacity fr culture," Samuni says.
1.What d Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk abut?
A.The backgrund f the study.B.The prcess f the study.
C.The findings f the study.D.The challenges f ding the study.
2.Hw des Samuni like the tw bnb grups' different hunting preferences?
A.They are an unusual phenmenn.B.They are a learned scial behavir.
C.They cntradict human cultures.D.They shw bnbs' high intelligence.
3.Which f the fllwing culd influence the bnbs' prey preference?
A.The timing f hunting.B.Their hunting techniques.
C.The cmmunities they belng t.D.Their surrunding envirnment.
4.What might the findings f the bnbs' hunting preference indicate?
A.When human sciety was brn.B.Hw human sciety develped.
C.What helped human culture change.D.Hw human culture first appeared.
4. "We can't play tennis because yu dn't have the net." I was standing n a suburban street when Eric, the by next dr, said that t me. Tw rackets in hand, I felt my face burning and anger spread thrugh my 10-year-ld bdy.
"I dn't have the net? Yu dn't have the net. Yur father and mther dn't have the net," I yelled, firing at him with what I thught was a hurt. I just had t make him understand that I had plenty f net. Eric was speechless. He admitted that indeed, he and his family had neither a tennis curt nr the net, but he seemed unable t make sense f my reactin t this shrtcming.
As a new arrival t the United States, armed with limited English wrds, I had thught that "net" meant "manners". Eric didn't want t play with me because I lacked gd manners. It was nly after I strmed hme that my brther, wh had been in America fr a decade, explained where I had gne wrng.
Language barriers are the mst cmmn cmmunicatin barriers. Even when we speak the same language, understanding and being understd can be difficult, nt t mentin cmmunicating in a freign language. And cnfusin and amusement fllws—a phenmenn that is cmmn in sitcm. Fr example, in a 1970s British sitcm, a freign student says "squeeze me", instead f "excuse me", t his yung principal.
That's the thing with languages. Thugh the languages are technically the same, the meanings, implicatins and interpretatins f wrds are different. N tw peple really speak the same ne. But in rder t be understd, we shuld be willing t use mre wrds and expressins and have the patience t find ut mre abut what is happening t get a whle picture f the situatin.
1.Why was the authr angry?
A.Eric refused t lend him a bat.B.He thught Eric was rude t him.
C.Eric laughed at his limited English.D.He had t play tennis withut the net.
2.What made the authr fail t understand Eric prperly?
A.His bad manners.B.His pr backgrund.
C.His limited vcabulary.D.His vilent character.
3.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "strmed" in Paragraph 3?
A.Went angrily.B.Left hurriedly.
C.Attacked suddenly.D.Disappeared cmpletely.
4.What des the authr think f language barriers?
A.They are wrsened by sitcms.
B.They cntribute t cultural differences.
C.They can be vercme by sending and receiving ideas.
D.They exist even between speakers f the same language.
5. There is mre that cmes with lder age than graying hair and wrinkled skin. When humans reach their later years, they favr mre established friends and their scial circle is reduced.
Nw, fr what appears t be the first time, scientists have seen the same behavir in anther species. Twenty years f bservatins f chimpanzees reveal that lder males chse t hang ut with their lng-term friends at the expense f ther relatinships.
The researchers studied 78,000 hurs f bservatins made between 1996 and 2016 that fllwed the scial interactins f 21 male chimpanzees between the ages f 15 and 58 years ld. They classified the chimps' relatinships depending n the amunt f time they sat with thers and grmed them. They then rated the varius pairings as mutual friendships, where bth chimps seemed t enjy the relatinship; ne-sided friendships, where ne chimp was mre keen t be friends than the ther; and nn-friendships, where neither chimp shwed interest in the ther.
When the scientists lked at the patterns f friendships, they fund that the lder chimps had mre mutual friendships and fewer ne-sided friendships than yunger chimps. Anther feature seen in lder humans was als sptted in the chimps. As the males gt lder, their levels f aggressin tailed ff, meaning they started fewer fights and tended t intimidate thers in their grup less ften.
The bservatins have left the researchers puzzled. Accrding t an idea in psychlgy knwn as sci-emtinal selectivity thery, r SST, lder humans prefer mre psitive relatinships because they are aware that time is running ut. But many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense f mrtality(生命的有限性), suggesting smething else is driving the behavir.
Rbin Dunbar, a prfessr f evlutinary psychlgy at the University f Oxfrd, said, "in humans, the decline in scial circles with age is due t declining scial mtivatin t get ut and meet peple cmbined by lack f pprtunity." "In chimpanzees, as lder males cmpete less fr mates, they may fcus n clse, reciprcal(互惠的) relatinships with trusted partners," anther prfessr said.
1.What d lder male chimpanzees favr?
A.Old friendships.B.New bnds.
C.Wrinkled skin.D.Graying hair.
2.Hw did the researchers draw their cnclusin abut chimpanzees?
A.By turning t ther scientists.B.By intrducing a new cncept.
C.By frming relatinships with them.D.By analyzing tw decades' bservatins.
3.What des the underlined wrd "intimidate" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Threaten.B.Mtivate.C.Defend.D.Accmpany.
4.Accrding t the last paragraph, what accunts fr declining scial circles in chimpanzees?
A.Awareness f time.B.Less cmpetitin fr mates.
C.Lw mtivatin fr scializatin.D.Lack f the human sense f mrtality.
6. Asthma(哮喘) attacks happen when peple are allergic t smething in the air. When attacks happen, the airways in their lungs tighten and make it hard t breathe. Mre trublesme, peple d nt knw when an attack will happen. But nw, smartphnes can help stp attacks.
Prpeller Health is a cmpany in Wiscnsin. It wants t help thse with breathing prblems by using technlgy alng with medicine. The cmpany fitted an inhaler(吸入器) with a Bluetth sensr, which cnnects t a smartphne app. The inhaler is full f medicine that stps an asthma attack when breathed in. When the patient uses the inhaler, the smartphne recrds when and where the persn has an attack. The app then stres the recrds fr dctrs. The app nt nly tells dctrs abut the attack but als helps them figure ut if there is smething happening arund the patient that makes the asthma wrse. Chris Hgg, a manager at Prpeller Health, says cllecting infrmatin frm the inhaler is imprtant. Technlgy like Bluetth sensrs is the future f health care. They will help dctrs t decide what t pay attentin t when treating patients.
Smart inhalers are part f a new directin in medical technlgy knwn as "cnnected health". Fewer than half f asthma patients take their medicine crrectly, said Line Neuhauser, a prfessr studying asthma treatments. She said the Prpeller Bluetth sensr tells peple if they have taken their medicine crrectly, which helps t prevent attacks and hspitalizatin.
Anther benefit f the sensr is that the cmpany can cllect infrmatin frm many peple. Then, they can see if certain areas set f mre asthma attacks than thers. "When we have a lt f users in the same regin, we can d a lt t help them," Hgg said.
One f Prpeller's biggest tests f their system was in Luisville, Kentuck. They gave 140 peple the Bluetth sensrs with inhalers. The study fund that being clse t railrads r factries was the main cause f asthma. They als fund that public areas, such as schls and churches, were als causing asthma attacks. After the test, Prpeller gave the infrmatin t the city, and the city is making rules t clean up the air.
1.What is the serius prblem facing peple with asthma?
A.They have t stay at hme.B.They may be attacked at any time.
C.They find it hard t breathe usually.D.They dn't knw what they are allergic t.
2.What d we knw abut the Bluetth sensr frm Paragraph 2?
A.It gives patients timely treatment.
B.It tells patients hw t keep away frm pr envirnments.
C.It helps patients call their dctrs when their asthma attacked.
D.It helps ffer useful infrmatin abut patients t dctrs.
3.Why is Prpeller's test mentined in the last paragraph?
A.T shw hw the Bluetth sensrs can help.
B.T shw the ppularity fr the Bluetth sensrs.
C.T advise cities t take actin t handle pllutin.
D.T advise peple with asthma t keep away frm public areas.
4.What's the best title fr the text?
A.Technlgy Helps Peple With AsthmaB.Hw t Use Bluetth Sensrs
C.Asthma Has Becme a Big DangerD.Hw t Deal With Asthma
7. Rbts are getting better at ding human jbs. That's prbably gd fr the ecnmy—but there are sme serius dwnsides, t.
Machines are expected t displace abut 20 millin manufacturing jbs acrss the wrld ver the next decade, accrding t a reprt released by Oxfrd Ecnmics, a glbal frecasting and quantitative analysis firm.
That means abut 8.5% f the glbal manufacturing wrkfrce culd be displaced by rbts. The reprt als ntes that the mve t rbts tends t create new jbs as fast as it autmates them; hwever, it culd cntribute t incme inequality. The use f rbts is n the rise: at this pint, every new rbt that is installed displaces 1.6 manufacturing wrkers n average, accrding t the Oxfrd Ecnmics mdel.
Rbts are becming cheaper than many human wrkers, in part because f the falling csts f machines. And they are increasingly capable f functining in mre cmplex prcesses and varied cntexts. On tp f that, the demand fr manufactured gds is rising.
One ptential dwnsize t the rbt revlutin: autmatin culd increase incme inequality. "This great displacement will nt be evenly distributed arund the wrld, r within cuntries," accrding t the reprt. "Our research shws that the negative effects f rbtizatin are disprprtinately felt in the lwer-incme regins cmpared with higher-incme regins f the same cuntry."
The wrkers wh drive knwledge and innvatin within the manufacturing industry tend t be cncentrated in larger cities, and thse skills are harder t autmate. That's why urban areas will deal better with the increased autmatin, accrding t the reprt.
On the whle, the increased use f autmatin will likely create new jbs at a pace cmparable t the jbs that will be lst, which cancels ut fears abut permanent jb destructin, accrding t the Oxfrd study. That said, the prer regins that are expected t lse the mst jbs will prbably nt benefit equally frm this new jb creatin due t a gap in skills. That will lead t increased incme inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regins.
1.What "dwnside" des the authr mainly discuss?
A.Peple will nt be able t find jbs in the future.
B.Rbts will finally take the place f peple.
C.Displacement by rbts will increase incme inequality.
D.Rbts are becming cheaper than many human wrkers.
2.What d the wrkers need t d t cmpete with rbts in the future?
A.T make rbts help them with the harder wrk.
B.T imprve their innvative ability and knwledge.
C.T mve t larger cities r mre develped cuntries.
D.T make their skills faster and easier t be autmated.
3.What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A.The increased use f autmatin will create mre jbs.
B.Peple needn't wrry abut permanent jb destructin.
C.The prer cuntries will nt benefit frm autmatin.
D.The incme gap between cities and rural regins will widen.
4.What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A.Rbts shuld be banned in the future because f the disadvantages.
B.Rbts can d mre and better than humans in cmplicated prcesses.
C.The increasing need fr manufactured gds partly cntributes t rbtizatin.
D.The negative effects f rbtizatin will be evenly distributed arund the wrld.
8. Balancing preservatin f the land with ur desire t travel is a challenge fr us travelers. When seeing cities face cnstant resurce and waste prblems, I culdn't help but think abut hw much travel can affect the envirnment.
Back in my yuth, I was an envirnmental activist. But ver the years, I leave the lights n. I fly a lt. I drink ut f plastic bttles. I eat a lt f meat. And I lve fish, especially tuna. Hwever, recently, I've begun thinking harder abut hw travel affects the envirnment and hw I affect the envirnment. In ding s, I've tried t be a lt mre aware f my actins.
I dn't knw if there is an easy slutin t this prblem. The mst envirnmentally friendly activity is nt t travel at all, but that's unrealistic and t extreme. There's s much mney in travel that I dn't think the gvernment and regulatin can d much. Only when their prfits are hurt will htels, peratrs, and the industry as a whle begin t listen. Instead, it's all abut the cnsumers. The nly gd way is t get peple t be mre envirnmentally cnscius and make better decisins.
Cnsumers have a lt f pwer. Why did market start selling nly sustainable fish and whle milk? Cnsumers wanted it. I think if we as travelers begin t demand mre envirnmentally friendly practices and avid cmpanies with pr envirnmental recrds, we can change things.
Nw, I recycle mre. I use fewer plastic bttles and I shut ff the lights. Mst imprtantly, I use peratrs and stay at places that are reducing their envirnmental impact.
Travel can destry the envirnment but it desn't have t. We have the pwer t make things better. We can d small things and demand mre f the places we stay and visit. We can and shuld demand mre f places, and f urselves.
1.Why des the writer list his actins ver the years?
A.T explain his hbby.
B.T shw he is wealthy.
C.T tell he is fnd f traveling.
D.T indicate he has becme less envirnmentally cnscius.
2.What's the realistic way t slve the prblem accrding t Paragraph 3?
A.Peple d nt travel at all.
B.The gvernment takes effective measures.
C.Turism industry fllws envirnmental rules.
D.Cnsumers becme mre envirnmentally cnscius.
3.What can be learned frm the last paragraph?
A.Travel will surely destry the envirnment.
B.We can get a lt frm the places we travel.
C.Few things travelers can d t prtect the envirnment.
D.What travelers d can make a difference t the envirnment.
4.Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text?
A.My Experiences f Prtecting the Envirnment
B.Can We Balance Travel and the Envirnment?
C.Is There an Easy Way t Slve Envirnmental Prblems?
D.Hw Can We Travel in an Envirnmentally Friendly Way?
9. The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter. First, it turned ut that at least ne can use a cmb. Nw it appears that sme can cunt, t.
Jennifer Vnk, frm Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, frm Gergia State University, set three American black bears the task f distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller grups f dts(点) n a cmputer screen. In return fr a fd reward ne bear, Brutus, wuld tuch the mre heavily dtted pattern with his nse. The thers, Bella and Dusty, wuld tuch the screen with their claws.
As the researchers reprt in Animal Behavir, the bears did best with patterns where the clred dts did nt mve and where mre f them als tk up a larger clred area. This culd be explained by the bears' distinguishing the different areas f clr rather than truly cunting the dts. Hwever, the three bears managed t pick ut the bigger number f dts even in pairs f patterns where fewer dts tk up a larger area.
Mving patterns, where each dt fllwed its wn path arund the screen, were mre f a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was nt defeated. He seemed t be cunting mbile dts even when the scientists tried t mislead him by mving the ttal clred area f the dts at the same time.
It is nt entirely surprising that bears shuld have a high degree f intelligence. They face a lt f challenges when trying t get fd. They are, hwever, always alne, and s d nt have the cmplex scial systems that cntribute t animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill develped because they cannt cunt n their friends fr help.
1.What task did the scientists set fr the three bears?
A.Distinguishing different dt patterns.
B.Figuring ut different clrs f dts.
C.Putting the dts int differently clred grups.
D.Picking ut the grup with a larger number f dts.
2.Fr the bears,the task was easier when _____.
A.the clred dts were mving slwlyB.the dt patterns were regular in shape
C.the dts fllwed a path n the screenD.mre dts cvered a larger clred area
3.What may explain the bears' high degree f intelligence?
A.They learn skills frm ther animals.B.They face life challenges n their wn.
C.They feed n a diverse range f fd.D.They have cmplex scial netwrks.
4.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Bears Taught t Distinguish ClrsB.New Evidence f Bear Intelligence Fund
C.Three Bears Learned Hw t CuntD.The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
10. During thse barren winter mnths, with windws verlking lng-dead gardens, leafless trees, and lawns that seem t have an ashy lk abut them, nthing calms the uneasy nerves mre than the vibrant green f plants surrunding the living spaces f ne's hme. Peple brwse thrugh garden stres just t get a smell f chlrphyll(叶绿素) and t chse a plant r tw t bring spring back int their winter-gray lives.
Nw there is even mre f a need fr "the green", in light f recent articles warning us f the dangers f chemicals that we, urselves, intrduce int ur hmes. Each time we bring clthes hme frm the cleaners, we release thse chemicals int the clsed-in air f ur hmes. Every cleanser releases its wn kind f fumes.
Sme f the chemicals are frmaldehyde(甲醛), chlrine, benzene, styrene, etc. Read the labels n many hme prducts, where the ingredients aren't even listed! During the winter, when thse same windws are shut tight, we breathe in these chemicals—causing symptms much like allergies. In fact, mst peple prbably dismiss the effects f these chemicals simply as sme allergy r ther. The truth is that we are experiencing a syndrme that is called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Nw, what has this gt t d with green plants? Everything healthy! Research has been cnducted with tw types f plants that have actually remved much f these harmful chemicals frm the air.
The tw plants that seem t be the best bet fr ridding ne's hme f such chemicals are ferns(蕨类植物) and palms. These plants release misture as part f phtsynthesis and, as they d, pull chemicals frm the air int their leaves. Even NASA has cnducted sme greenhuse experiments fr lng-term space explratin. Within hurs, their plants (palms) had remved almst all traces f frmaldehyde in the rm. Bth species f plants are ancient, dating back mre than a hundred millin years. Anther trait they share is that they bth live lng lives, 100 years r mre. This we expect frm trees, but ferns and palms are plants, which can grw t 65 feet in the prper setting! Even their individual leaves live fr ne t tw years (ferns) and ne t nine years (palms). Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have cntributed t their ability t purify their envirnment.
1.Why des the authr think we are in greater need f "the green" in ur hmes?
A.T bring ur lng-dead gardens back t life.B.T get rid f harmful chemicals trapped there.
C.T make us feel calmer and less wrried.D.T serve as decratins as well as refresh us.
2.What can we knw frm the passage?
A.The surce f these chemicals released in ur hmes hasn't been identified.
B.The chemicals can be remved immediately the tw plants are put int use.
C.Peple tend t underestimate the effects f the chemical in the clsed-in places.
D.Peple usually buy husehld prducts withut referring t the labels f ingredients.
3.As fr the tw plants, their primary qualities friendly t indr envirnment include _____.
A.the ability t absrb chemicals and live lng
B.their adaptability t indr envirnment
C.the fast grwth and attractiveness f their leaves
D.the release f their misture and fumes
4.Which f the fllwing may be the best title fr the passage?
A.Research in the New MillenniumB.Cmmn Huseplants May Purify Yur Hme
C.Hidden Dangers in Yur HmeD.NASA Experiment Finds the Cure
答案解析
1.答案：1-4 CDBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Natinal Science Fundatin launched…related t endangered human languages.可知, 美国国家科学基金会启动了"记录濒危语言"项目, 以丰富与人类濒危语言相关的知识, 增加对濒危语言的理解, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的Mst recently, Christian maps fr crrespnding website t help nn-natinal language speakers t find and cnnect with ne anther.可知, 克里斯蒂娜创建地图是为了帮助非母语使用者找到彼此并相互联系, 也就是说, 让人们了解他们可以在哪里用自己的母语交流, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Expsure t diverse ppulatins, including languages, enables a richer understanding f the human experience可推知, 语言多样化有助于加深对人类经验的理解, 说明了语言多样性的重要性, 故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文在第一段提出某些语言在短时间内迅速消亡的现象, 下文主要介绍了为保护语言各个组织和个人所作出的努力, 强调了保持语言多样性的重要性, 由此可推知, A项"语言的消亡需要保护"为最佳标题, 故选A项。
2.答案：1-4 CADD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的 rganic agriculture in England and Wales wuld prduce 40 percent less fd. With less fd in the market, the cuntries wuld need t increase fd imprts...可知, 有机农业自身产量不足, 市场上的粮食减少, 因此英国需要增加食品进口量, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Organic farming als increases the amunt f absrbing in the sil.可知, 二氧化碳从大气中被"吸收", 被植物捕获并保存在土壤中, 从而有机农业通过吸收二氧化碳, 促进碳吸收, 故选A项。
3.主旨大意题。根据最后一段关键表述useful benefits fr the envirnment和rganic farming will cntinue t play a key rle in reslving the wrld's envirnmental prblems可知, 该段主要讲了有机农业对环境的好处, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文说明有机农业有弊端, 比如提高温室气体排放量、引起气候变化; 结合最后一段in cnclusin后总结的内容可知, 目前有机农业也有好处, 比如减少接触化学品和改善生物的种类。由此可推知, D项"有机农业是一把双刃剑"为最佳标题, 故选D项。
3.答案：1-4 CBCD
解析：1.主旨大意题。根据第三段中的Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities和This, hwever, is precisely where researchers nticed a striking difference.可知, 研究人员研究两组倭黑猩猩的猎食习惯和狩猎偏好, 认为两组既存在相同之处, 也存在显著的不同, 由此可推知, 第三、四段展示了研究发现, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段萨穆尼对研究结论的解释It's basically like tw human cultures expliting a cmmn resurce in different ways可知, 这两组动物狩猎偏好不同, 类似于以不同方式探索同一资源的两种人类文化, 再结合倒数第二段中的Basically, it means all evidence pints tward this being a learned scial behavir.可知, 研究人员认为这是一种习得性社会行为, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的the researchers fund Kkalng可知, 研究人员预测, 影响倭黑猩猩狩猎行为的唯一变量在于狩猎者所属的小组, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的If ur clsest living relatives have sme cultural traits, then it's likely ur ancestrs already had sme capacity fr culture可知, 研究者通过研究倭黑猩猩的狩猎喜好, 认为其与基因无关, 是一种习得性社会行为, 倭黑猩猩作为"我们"的近亲都展现出这种文化特征, 那么人类祖先也可能已经具有社会文化能力, 由此可推知, 这有利于研究人类文化是如何出现的, 故选D项。
4.答案：1-4 BCAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的I had thught that "net" meant "manners". Eric didn't want t play with me because I lacked gd manners.可知, 作者很生埃里克的气, 是因为net在作者的认知中等同于"礼貌", 他以为埃里克嫌弃自己没有礼貌, 故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的As a new arrival t the United States, armed with limited English wrds, lacked gd manners.可知, 作者不理解埃里克, 是因为作者初来乍到词汇有限, 导致对词汇的理解出现偏差, 而误会埃里克, 故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知, 作者很生气, 结合画线词所在句可推知, 作者怒气冲冲地回家了, strm在此处意为"气冲冲地疾走", 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Even when we speak the same language, freign language.可知, 作者认为, 即使说同一种语言, 交流时也会出现语言障碍, 导致双方理解出现偏差, 故选D项。
5.答案：1-4 ADAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句When humans reach their later years, they favr mre established friends and their scial circle is reduced.可知, 人类随着年龄增长, 社交圈会缩小, 更在意身边牢固的朋友关系; 结合第二段中的关键表述scientists have seen the same behavir in anther species可知, 猩猩在这点上和人类一样, 故选A项。
2.推理判断题。第三段中的The researchers studied 78,000 f 15 and 58 years ld.介绍了科学家的研究方法和对象, 结合下文对这个研究的内容的介绍、将大猩猩的友谊进行分类等, 可推知科学家们通过研究二十年以来的观测结果来得出结论, draw ne's cnclusin意为"得出结论", 故选D项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知, 随着年龄增长, 猩猩的攻击性水平下降, 会发动更少的打斗, 由此可推知, 猩猩会更少做具有攻击性的事情, 如威胁。画线词intimidate意为"恐吓; 威胁", 故选A项。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的In chimpanzees, as lder males cmpete less fr mates, they may fcus n clse, reciprcal relatinships with trusted partners...可知, 年长的雄性更专注于亲密互惠的关系, 很少为配偶而竞争, 所以它们的社交圈缩小, 故选B项。
6.答案：1-4 BDCA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的Mre trublesme, peple d nt knw when an attack will happen.可知, 哮喘随时都可能发作是哮喘患者面临的严重问题, 故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的The app nt nly tells dctrs abut the wrse.以及 infrmatin frm the inhaler is imprtant.可知, 这款带有吸入器的蓝牙传感器有助于向医生提供关于病人的有用信息, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The study fund that being clse rules t clean up the air.可知, Prpeller Health公司将测试结论告知了该市, 该市正在制定清洁空气的规定, 由此可推知, 测试目的在于建议政府采取措施治理空气污染, 故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文, 根据第一段最后一句But nw, smartphnes can help stp attacks.和第二段中的It wants t help thse with breathing prblems by using technlgy alng with medicine.可知, 本文主要介绍的是一款带有吸入器的蓝牙耳机, 这种耳机有利于哮喘患者, 即科技帮助哮喘患者, 由此可推知, A项"科技帮助哮喘患者"为最佳标题, 故选A项。
7.答案：1-4 CBDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第五段中的One ptential dwnsize t the rbt revlutin: autmatin culd increase incme inequality.可知, 机器人有一个潜在缺点, 就是会加剧收入不平等, 题干中的dwnside意为"缺点", 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第六段中的The wrkers wh drive knwledge and innvatin within the manufacturing t the reprt.可知, 制造业中的创新能力和知识技能更难实现自动化, 因此工人需要提高他们的创新能力和知识, 以在未来与机器人竞争。故选B项。
3.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的That will lead t increased incme inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regins.可知, 这将加剧城乡以及地区之间的收入不平等, 且that指代本段上文内容, 由此可推知, 最后一段具体说明城乡收入差距将进一步扩大, 故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段中的On tp f that, the demand fr manufactured gds is rising.可推知, 对制成品日益增长的需求在一定程度上推动了机器人化, 故选C项。
8.答案：1-4 DDDB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Back in my yuth, I was an envirnmental activist.可知, 过去"我"是一个环保主义者, 下文中的But说明前后语义相反, 也就是说, 在最近几年里, "我"已经变得不那么有环保意识了。由此可推知, 提到这几年作者的行为, 是表明作者环保意识减弱, 故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的The nly gd way is t get peple t be mre envirnmentally cnscius and make better decisins.可知, 解决环保问题的实际方法是让消费者更具环保意识, 从而作出更好的决定, 故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句Travel can destry the envirnment but it desn't have t. We have the pwer t make things better.可知, 我们有能力让事情变得更好, 也就是说, 游客做的事对环境有很大影响。D项中固定搭配make a difference意为"有作用; 有影响", 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Balancing preservatin f the land with ur desire t travel is a challenge fr us travelers.可知, 作者提出了疑问: 能否将保护环境和旅游平衡好? 作者还以自己的亲身经历举例说明人们能在日常生活中为实现上述平衡而做的事, 由此可推知, B项"我们能平衡旅行和环境保护吗?"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
9.答案：1-4 ADBB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的 three American black bears the task f distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller grups f dts n a cmputer screen.可知, 三只美国黑熊要在电脑屏幕上区分数字上较大和较小的点组, 由此可知, 科学家们给这三只熊安排的任务是区分不同的点的模式, 故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的As the researchers reprt in Animal Behavir, the bears did best with up a larger clred area.可知, 熊最擅长的图案是那些不动的彩色的点, 而且更多的点占据了更大的彩色区域, take up意为"占据(时间、空间)", 故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的It is nt entirely surprising that bears shuld have a high degree f intelligence. They face a lt f challenges when trying t get fd.可知, 熊的高智商表现在它们独自面对生活的挑战, 故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。本文第一段说明熊变得更聪明了, 并介绍了一些新的发现, 为证明熊是一种高智商动物提供了证据, 由此可推知, B项"发现了证明熊的智力的新证据"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
10.答案：1-4 BCAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Nw there is even mre f a need fr "the green", in light f recent articles warning us f the 可知, 作者认为家里更需要"绿色"来清除空气中的有害化学物质, 故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的During the winter, Sensitivity.可知, 在室内吸入甲醛等化学物质引起的症状被人们当成了过敏, 实际上人们得了多重化学物质过敏症, 根据其中的mst peple prbably dismiss the effects f these chemicals simply as sme allergy r ther可知, 人们往往低估化学物质在封闭场所的影响, 故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的These plants release leaves.可知, 这些植物可以吸收空气中的化学物质, 结合下文中Anther trait they share is that they bth live lng lives, 100 years r mre.可知, 植物的寿命很长, 这是这两种植物对室内环境友好的主要特征, 故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 第一段介绍人们喜欢种植有活力的绿色植物来清除家里空气中的化学物质, 根据文章最后一段中的Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have cntributed t their ability t purify their envirnment.可知, 研究发现常见的绿色室内植物可以净化家里空气, 由此可推知, B项"常见的室内植物可以净化你的家"为最佳标题, 故选B项。