新高考英语一轮复习完形填空满分攻略考点5 生活常识和文化背景 练考点 熟能生巧（2份打包，原卷版+教师版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习完形填空满分攻略考点5 生活常识和文化背景 练考点 熟能生巧（2份打包，原卷版+教师版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习完形填空满分攻略考点5生活常识和文化背景练考点熟能生巧教师版doc、新高考英语一轮复习完形填空满分攻略考点5生活常识和文化背景练考点熟能生巧学生版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共22页， 欢迎下载使用。

1.【2022·新高考I卷】We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr. As we all sat there ____32____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rpe and twed (拖) us back. We were safe.
32. A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. dubtfullyD. helplessly
32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. dubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
2.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rlled.
29. A. windB. niseC. temperatureD. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. nise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“strms mve in fast in the muntains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre. It might sund like ne lng, expensive ___22___ , but the cuple has an unusual way t make their travel affrdable.
22．A．gameB．serviceC．vacatinD．prcedure
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacatin假期；D. prcedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。
4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】They’re part f a new frm f the sharing ecnmy: an nline grup f huse sitters. Thrughut their n-cst stays in strangers’ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___26___ .
26．A．favrB．defenseC．hnrD．absence
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favr帮助；B. defense防御；C. hnr荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。故选absence。
5.【2022·全国甲卷】Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enugh t keep my lneliness at bay.
41. A. wnershipB. membershipC. cmpaninshipD. leadership
41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. wnership所有权；B. membership会员；C. cmpaninship陪伴；D. leadership领导。根据上文中的“Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. 多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。
【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。
6.【2021·全国新高考I卷】My life as a tax-paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hugh Bakeries, which, at Easter time, made little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes fr all its 42 thrughut Cleveland.
42．A．stresB．familiesC．schlsD．citizens
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stres商店；B. families家庭； C. schls学校；D. citizens市民。根据“thrughut Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。
7.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Dad 53 . The sn f a grcer, he’d spent the summers f his childhd delivering fd in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.
53．A．criedB．smiledC．hesitatedD．refused
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了； B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫； D. refused拒绝。根据“The sn f a grcer, he'd spent the summers f his childhd delivering fd in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。
8.【2021·全国新高考I卷】This was the srt f wrk that made yu 55 the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.
55．A．withdrawB．dnateC．receiveD．appreciate
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. dnate捐赠； C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dllars yu earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。
9.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part f the blame fr getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmnt Empress Htel in Victria, Canada.
Burchill was 21 at the htel n business and planning t visit sme friends in the area.
21．A．studyingB．stayingC．lkingD．packing
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. lking看；D. packing包装。根据“Burchill was 21 at the htel n business and planning t visit sme friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。
10.【2021·英语全国甲卷】The seagulls immediately went wild . They rushed t the windw, 30 r 40 birds all trying t 33 at the same time, and pepperni—everywhere. The curtains were falling dwn, the lamps were falling dwn, It was a real mess.
33．A．wake upB．get utC．take ffD．break in
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒来；B. get ut出去；C. take ff起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed t the windw”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。
11.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Older and wiser nw, Burchill chalked up the incident t yuthful indiscretin (莽撞).
“I have matured and I admit respnsibility f my actins,” he said in the letter. “I cme t yu, 37 , t aplgize fr the-damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”
37．A．hands in pcketB．nse in the air
C．hat in handD．feet n the grund
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pcket手放在口袋里； B. nse in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet n the grund脚踏实地。根据“t aplgize fr the-damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。
12. 【2021年1月浙江高考】But n the last night we were caught in a thunderstrm. I wke up at midnight t find a swimming pl in my tent. The temperature was clse t 31 . I had t spend the rest f the night trembling in the nly dry part f my tent.
31．A．bilingB．averageC．nrmalD．freezing
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. biling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. nrmal正常的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D。
13. 【2020·海南卷】Pulling up t the building, Grant saw flames（火焰）shting ut f a secnd-flr windw. Nt seeing r hearing any fire engines appraching Grant rushed t a side entrance and ran up the stairs.
On the secnd flr, he 45 every apartment dr. "Get ut!" Grant shuted, N ne respnded and he assumed that peple had already escaped.
45. A. lcked B. kicked C. cunted D. repaired
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在二楼，他踢了每个公寓的门。A. lcked锁；B. kicked踢；C. cunted计算；D. repaired修。根据上文可知，大楼着火了。格兰特冲上楼去救火，所以踢门符合题意，是为了看里面是否有人。故选B。
14. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees s the animals culd seek shelter during the daytime. He turned t the 29 department fr help but was tld that nthing wuld grw there.
29．A．labrB．pliceC．frestD．finance
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labr劳动；B. plice警察；C. frest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的”The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees”可知，Mlai想要种树，所以他应该向”森林”部门求助。故选C。
15. 【2020·浙江卷】Lamb and mther reunited , I turned back t the tractr nly t see it mve suddenly away frm me. This was s unexpected because I had put the handbrake n when I jumped ut. Obviusly Dn had smehw made the 42 mve.
42．A．lambB．vehicleC．seatD．fence
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Dn以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back t the tractr nly t see it mve suddenly away frm me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Dn开走了我的车。故选B。
16. 【2020·全国新课标II】It was just after sunrise n a June mrning. “Nicl,” whse real name cannt be 41 t the public because f Italy’s privacy laws, finished wrking the whle night at a factry in Turin.
41．A．attachedB．allcatedC．expsedD．submitted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicl完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allcated分配；C. expsed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的because f Italy's privacy可知此处用be expsed t“暴露”符合语境，故选C。
17. 【2020·全国新课标III】They’ll have ut half the 45 in the shp, and want the nly style yu dn’t have left in a particular clur. I d knw hw upset the shp staff can get, but I try t persuade them（售货员） t keep smiling.
45. A. fdsB. catalguesC. belngingsD. gds
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. fds食物；B. catalgues目录；C. belngings所有物；D. gds商品。结合后文in the shps可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
18. 【2019·全国II】Ehlers eventually succeeded in caxing the animal（the dg） t him. Nervusness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It（the dg） just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
49. A. surpriseB. jyC. hesitatinD. anxiety
【答案】B
【解析】根据空格前面的Nervusness and fear were replaced紧张不安和恐惧被取代了，以及后面的It just started licking (舔)Ehlers’ face这条狗添着Ehlers的脸，因此说明它感到了快乐。hesitatin犹豫；anxiety焦虑。
19. 【2018·全国II】Tw weeks earlier. my sn . Ben ,had gt in tuch , he’d mved t England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d last seen him . S imagine my ___42___ when he emailed me saying he wanted t cme t visit me.
42. A. delightB. reliefC. angerD. wrry
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子的电子邮件，并且说要来看自己。由此可以推知，我很快乐、开心。A. delight高兴，愉快；B. relief (痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻；C. anger怒，忿怒；D. wrry担心。故选A。
20. 【2019·全国卷III】Of curse, we ntice it when the sun is shining," says Karin R, wh wrks fr the twn’s turism ffice. “We see the sky is ___43___, but dwn in the valley it’s darker — it’s like n a cludy day.”
43. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
21. 【2019·全国卷III】 The mirrrs are cntrlled by a cmputer that directs them t turn alng with the sun thrughut the ___50___ and t clse during windy weather.
50. A. dayB. nightC. mnthD. year
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. mnth月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。
练模拟--熟能生巧
I.微型完形填空
1.【2022届江苏省海安高级中学高三下学期5月阶段检测】
15 years ag, when I was playing basketball in ne f Australia’s premier basketball leagues, I remember a sprts psychlgist we had fr the seasn. As yung prfessinal athletes with high egs (自我价值感), the team were nt quite cnvinced the techniques f psychlgy wuld imprve perfrmance, especially when it didn’t invlve using the physical strength and endurance needed t __22__ the weeks f training and games. I, n the ther hand, was interested.
22．A．cmpensate frB．prepare frC．tugh utD．shw up
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一群年轻又自视甚高的职业运动员，大家都不太相信心理技术可以提高成绩，特别是当它不需要动用身体力量和耐力来挺过数周的训练和比赛时。A. cmpensate fr补偿；B. prepare fr为……准备；C. tugh ut挺过去，生活艰难；D. shw up露面。根据常识可知，日复一日的训练和打比赛需要强大的体力和耐力才能支撑下来，然而文中的心理学家让这些队员们使用心理学的办法来应对。tugh ut意为“勇敢地承受，挺过去”，符合语境。故选C。
2.【江苏南通如皋中学2021-2022学年高三5月模拟】He has been wrking straight fr days. Every day, he arrives at the wrk statin at 7:30 in the mrning and begins ____23____, srting, checking addresses and lading gds nt his three-wheeled mtrcycle. After that, he begins his shift f rughly 10 hurs.
23．A．disturbingB．cmplainingC．readingD．unlading
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上7点半到工位，开始卸货、分类、核对地址，把货物装上三轮摩托车。A. disturbing打扰；B. cmplaining抱怨；C. reading阅读；D. unlading卸载。根据下文“srting, checking addresses and lading gds nt his three-wheeled mtrcycle”及常识可知，快递员会先卸载货物，然后分类、核对、进行派送。故选D。
3.【江苏南通如皋中学2021-2022学年高三5月模拟】“I deliver gds t arund 80 husehlds each day during the crnavirus utbreak, abut 20 percent less than average because a large prtin f migrant wrkers are still____26____in their hmetwns.”
26．A．hiredB．mnitredC．bservedD．stuck
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在冠状病毒爆发期间，我每天给大约80户家庭送货，比平均水平低约20%，因为大部分农民工仍被困在家乡。A. hired雇佣；B. mnitred监控；C. bserved观察；D. stuck卡住。根据上文“during the crnavirus utbreak”及常识可知，由于疫情，很多人可能被封控在了家乡。故选D。
4.【江苏省海安市2021-2022学年高三年级上学期期中】
Finkel invented a unique name fr every piece in the palace set. Then she spent cuntless hurs typing building instructins in Braille (盲文) that spelled ut hw t 24 them all tgether.
24．A．fitB．fixC．mixD．gather
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她花了无数个小时用盲文输入拼装说明，用来解释如何将它们拼装在一起。A. fit适合；B. fix安装；C. mix混合；D. gather聚集。根据常识可知，有了盲文的拼装说明盲人才知道如何将这些积木安装在一起。故选B。
5. 【2022届江苏省南通市新高考基地学校高三第四次大联考】Just then I heard the man at the machine next t mine cmplaining. He nly had a few items but every time he put his ____29____ twenty dllar bill int the machine it spit it back ut. I quickly grabbed a newer twenty ut f my wallet and gave it t him. He thanked me with a warm smile.
29．A．frzenB．fldedC．brkenD．wrinkled
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他只有几样东西，但每次他把那张皱巴巴的20美元钞票放进机器里，机器就把钞票吐出来。A. frzen结冰的；B. flded折叠的；C. brken破碎的；D. wrinkled有皱纹的。由第12空后的“his ld twenty”和常识可知，塞进自助结帐机的钱如果是皱的，它就会把钱吐出来。故选D。
6.【2022届江苏省如东高级中学、姜堰中学、沭阳高级中学高三下学期4月份阶段性测试联考】But my jaw drpped t the flr when I fund Mrs. Hutfilz, my English teacher, wearing the same dress as I did. I kept my head dwn and tipted t my seat, but the first day meant ____46____ in frnt f the class, and sn enugh it was my turn. I made it thrugh my minute speech, until Hutfilz std up, jkingly adding she liked my style.
46．A．intrductinsB．perfrmancesC．lecturesD．debates
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直低着头，蹑手蹑脚地走到座位上，但第一天意味着要在全班同学面前做自我介绍，很快就轮到我了。A. intrductins介绍；B. perfrmances表现；C. lectures演讲；D. debates辩论。根据上文“but the first day meant”以及常识，上学第一天要做自我介绍。故选A。
7.【江苏省徐州市第七中学2021-2022学年高三下学期4月学情调研】She started pumping Simmns's ___33___ with her interlcked fingers and breathing int her friend's muth in hpes f filling her lungs with the kiss f life. And then, Simmns began cughing and gasping fr air. The CPR had wrked!
33．A．stmachB．chestC．backD．leg
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始用交叉的手指按压西蒙斯的胸部，并向她朋友的嘴里呼吸，希望能让她的肺里充满生命之吻。A. stmach胃；B. chest胸部；C. back后背；D. leg腿。由“pumping Simmns's_____ with her interlcked fingers”及常识可知，CPR是用交叉的手指按压病人的胸部，即心脏所在的位置，故选B。
8.【2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟】I was the kid that tried never t cmplain. I was kay with enduring a six-hur drive in a(n) small car with my knees t my chest. I was kay with eating burnt r under cked fd. But this allergy finally let me feel _____50_____ saying “n”. I finally felt free t refuse t g places r d things where my allergies wuld act up.
50．A．cmfrtableB．prudC．awkwardD．ashamed
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但过敏终于让我放心地说“不”了。A. cmfrtable舒适的；B. prud骄傲的，自豪的；C. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的；D. ashamed羞愧的。结合常识可知，用自己的过敏来拒绝别人不会让作者感到不舒服。故选A。
9.【2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟】Yes, my hay allergy _____53_____ sme activities, but it’s als given me a brader appreciatin fr experiences I actually like and want mre f. I’m grateful t be getting a dg instead f a bunny. Let’s be hnest, a bunny brings yu mre truble.
53．A．ignresB．ffersC．cversD．limits
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：是的，我的干草过敏限制了我的一些活动，但它也让我更广泛地欣赏我真正喜欢和想要的体验。A. ignres忽略；B. ffers提供，主动提出；C. cvers覆盖，支付，报道；D. limits限制。结合常识可知，呼应下文brader，此处指过敏限制了作者的活动。故选D。
10.【福建省福州市八县（市、区）一中2021-2022学年高三上学期期中联考】My dad chse a 16-mile sectin f the rad fr us t ride. Part f it included an ld tunnel called Sideling Hill which is ver a mile lng! T 45 , we checked ur tires and made sure ur lights had batteries. In the mrning, we laded ur bikes int the car and set ff.
45．A．prepareB．registerC．cperateD．participate
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了做好准备，我们检查了车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池。A. prepare准备；B. register登记；C. cperate合作；D. participate参与。根据后文“we checked ur tires and made sure ur lights had batteries.”说作者和父亲检查了车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池，结合常识可知，这些都是公路探险前的准备工作，故选A。
II.完形填空【2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查（一）】
The Last Rbt-Prf Jb in America?
Yu can get mst fd, such as warm ckies r vdka, t yur drstep in minutes. But try getting a red snapper (红鲷鱼). Until recently, if yu culd btain it, it wuld likely have been pre-frzen and shipped in frm verseas.
A new tech startup is aiming t ______1______this situatin. Based inside the Fultn Fish Market, a seafd whlesale market, the startup, called FultnFishMarket.cm, allws custmers acrss the whle cuntry, bth restaurants and individuals, t buy frm the market. The fish is shipped ______2______, rather than frzen, thanks t an Amazn advanced lgistics system. Mike Spindler, the cmpany’s C．E.O., said recently, “I can get a fish t Warren Buffett, that’s as fresh as if he’d walked dwn t the pier (码头) and bught it that mrning.”
There is ne thing, ______3______, that the sphisticated lgistics system cannt d: pick ut a fish. If Warren Buffett rders a red snapper, the cmpany needs t ______4______ that his fish is actually red snapper, and nt sme ther. Accrding t the cean-cnservatin rganizatin, mre than 20% f the seafd in restaurants and grcery stres in America is _____5_____. Fr this task, the cmpany has emplyed Rbert DiGregri, a frty-seven-year veteran f the business, wh pssesses a blend f judgement and _____6_____ knwledge that, s far, cmputers have yet t replicate.
“_____7_____ the fd-safety stuff, ur business culd be any market frm the last three thusand years f human histry,” Spindler tld me. He is experienced in the _____8_____ business. When he arrived at the fish market in 2014, peple were cautius. “They thught selling fish n the Internet was_____9_____.” DiGregri said, speaking fr the fishmngers(鱼贩). “They didn’t see hw it culd pssibly wrk.” Five years ag, DeGregri didn’t knw hw t use a cmputer, but when the Web-site peple arrived at the market, he sensed an pprtunity. Tgether, they’ve created a human-machine fish-buying peratin.
By 1 a.m. each night, the cmpany cllects _____10_____ frm arund the cuntry and sends them t DiGregri. He heads int the market, carrying his tablet cmputer. The cmpany’s algrithms（算法） _____11_____ data n their surces and can tell DiGregri, fr example, which stall t g t get the best tuna (金枪鱼). The cmputer is a “learning system,”, s if DiGregri makes a chice it didn’t _____12_____, it asks, “Was the fish nt available? Was it damaged?” All that infrmatin is fed back in fr next time.
Then, what can a fishmnger see that a cmputer can’t? DeGregri shwed me his part f the _____13_____ prcess. “I’m assessing a few things,” he said. First, _____14_____. Fish shuld have “nice” slime(粘液). Then, smell. He sniffed the air abve the bx. “when fish ges bad, it smells like ammnia.” Besides, t get the best stuff, “Fishmngers have t have a relatinship with yu. T trust yu.” He added.
Is he ever _____15_____being replaced by the learning system f cmputers? DiGregri shrugged. “By the time they invent a cmputer that can d what I can d,” he said, “I’ll be dead.”
1．A．maintainB．remedyC．substituteD．recgnize
2．A．freeB．verseasC．separateD．fresh
3．A．therefreB．therwiseC．hweverD．thus
4．A．ensureB．prpseC．cncedeD．remind
5．A．verpricedB．misidentifiedC．displacedD．mdified
6．A．cmputerB．cuisineC．fishD．marketing
7．A．Rather thanB．Thanks tC．Except frD．Prir t
8．A．fund-raisingB．nline-grceryC．fish-sellingD．nn-prfit
9．A．significantB．wrthyC．respnsibleD．ridiculus
10．A．salesB．rdersC．alternativesD．statistics
11．A．analyzeB．supplyC．priritizeD．feed
12．A．requireB．prcessC．predictD．value
13．A．calculatinB．decdingC．crrectinD．selectin
14．A．smashB．tuchC．wipeD．rll
15．A．cncerned abutB．eager frC．delighted withD．capable f
【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．A5．B6．C7．C8．B9．D10．B11．A12．C13．D14．B15．A
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了一家公司是如何用人机结合的方式在网上卖新鲜的活鱼的。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家新兴的科技公司正致力于解决这一问题。A. maintain维持；B. remedy改进、解决；C. substitute替代；D. recgnize认出。上文说你可以在几分钟内让你买的大多数食物，如热饼干或伏特加，送到你家门口。但你买的红鲷鱼却不行，在根据空后的介绍可知此处是说一家科技公司正努力解决这个问题，故B项正确。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多亏亚马逊先进的物流系统，这些鱼不是冷冻的，而是新鲜的。
A. free自由的；B. verseas海外的；C. separate单独的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据空后的“rather than frzen”可知，与“冷冻的”相对的自然是“新鲜的”，下文中的“fresh”也是提示，故D项正确。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一件事是复杂的物流系统做不到的：挑选一条鱼。A. therefre因此；B. therwise否则；C. hwever然而；D. thus因此。上文介绍了这个物流系统的优点，此处介绍的是弊端，前后是转折关系，故C项正确。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果沃伦巴菲特订购了红鲷鱼，公司需要确保他的鱼实际上是红鲷鱼，而不是其他鱼。A. ensure保证、确保；B. prpse建议；C. cncede承认；D. remind提醒。上文说这个系统不能挑选出顾客购买的鱼，所以公司需要确保顾客收到的是他购买的那种鱼，故A项正确。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，餐馆和杂货店超过20%的海鲜被误认。A. verpriced要价过高；B. misidentified识别错误；C. displaced转移；D. mdified修改。下文说该公司聘请了具有丰富鱼类知识的罗伯特迪格雷戈里奥来识别顾客购买的鱼的品种，因此此处是说餐馆和杂货店超过20%的海鲜被误认，故B项正确。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了完成这项任务，该公司聘用了拥有47年丰富经验的罗伯特迪格雷戈里奥，他兼具判断和鱼类知识，迄今为止，电脑尚未复制这些知识。A. cmputer电脑；B. cuisine烹饪；C. fish鱼类；D. marketing市场营销。帮助识别鱼类自然是要掌握鱼类知识，故C项正确。
7．考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了食品安全方面的东西，我们的生意可以是过去三千年人类历史上的任何市场。A. Rather than而不是；B. Thanks t多亏；C. Except fr除了；D. Prir t先于。下文说2014年他进入鱼市时，人们都很谨慎，他们认为在网上卖鱼是荒谬的，他们担心的是鱼的安全问题，因此此处是说“除了食品安全”，故C项正确。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在网上杂货生意上很有经验。A. fund-raising筹集资金；B. nline-grcery网上杂货店；C. fish-selling卖鱼；D. nn-prfit非盈利。根据空后的“n the Internet”可知，他干的是网上杂货生意，故B项正确。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2014年他进入鱼市时，人们都很谨慎，他们认为在网上卖鱼是荒谬的。A. significant重大的；B. wrthy值得的；C. respnsible负责的；D. ridiculus荒谬的。空前说人们都很谨慎，这说明他们认为在网上卖鱼听起来很荒谬，故D项正确。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天凌晨1点，该公司收集来自全国各地的订单，然后把它们发给迪格雷戈里奥，他带着平板电脑进入市场。A. sales销售；B. rders订单；C. alternatives替代品；D. statistics统计。在网上卖东西自然是要根据订单发货，故B项正确。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司的算法分析数据来源，并可以告诉迪格雷戈里奥，例如，哪个摊位可以买到最好的金枪鱼。A. analyze分析；B. supply供应；C. priritize优先考虑；D. feed喂养。根据空后的“data n their surces”可知此处指“分析数据来源”，故A项正确。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以如果迪格雷戈里奥做出了一个它没有预料到的选择，它会问，鱼是不是没有了?是损坏了吗?所有这些信息都将反馈给下一次。A. require要求；B. prcess处理；C. predict预测；D. value重视。空前说电脑是一个学习系统，所以如果做出了一个它没有预料到的选择，它会问一些问题，故C项正确。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪雷戈里奥向我展示了他在挑选过程中所扮演的角色。A. calculatin计算；B. decding解码；C. crrectin改正；D. selectin选择。上文说迪格雷戈里奥是负责正确挑出顾客订购的鱼，因此此处指“挑选过程”，故D项正确。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，触摸，鱼应该有“好”的黏液。A. smash撞击；B. tuch触摸；C. wipe擦；D. rll滚动。空后说鱼应该有“好”的黏液，因此此处指“用手摸鱼”，故B项正确。
15．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：他但不担心被电脑学习系统取代？ A. cncerned abut担心；B. eager fr渴望；C. delighted with对……感到高兴；D. capable f能够。空后迪格雷戈里奥耸耸肩说“当他们发明一台能做我能做的事情的电脑时，我就死定了”，因此此处指“是否担心被电脑学习系统取代”，故A项正确。