新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题10 主旨大意题 （分层练） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题10 主旨大意题 （分层练） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题10主旨大意题分层练原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题10主旨大意题分层练解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共166页， 欢迎下载使用。
内容概览
A·常考题不丢分
【命题点01 标题归纳题 】
【命题点02 文章大意题】
【命题点03 段落大意题】
【微专题 主旨大意题易错陷阱】
B·拓展培优拿高分
C·挑战真题争满分
【命题点01 标题归纳题 】
1.【2023届浙江省四校（杭州二中、温州中学、绍兴一中、金华一中）高三5月联考】
In the animal kingdm, mimics (模仿) are nt rare. Stick insects pretend t be twigs. Hawk mth caterpillars resemble pisnus snakes. The examples, thugh, are visual. Auditry mimicry is rarer. Danil Russ f the University f Naples Federic II thinks he has fund a nvel case f it, as he describes in Current Bilgy. Sme bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in rder t scare away wls that might therwise eat them.
Dr. Russ first nticed bat buzzing a few years ag. The nise struck him as similar t the sund f sme bees. He wndered whether bat buzzing was a frm f mimicry which helped t scare ff wuld-be predatrs.
T test this idea, he and his clleagues first recrded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with prtective clthing, they began the mre dangerus task f recrding the buzzing made by different bees. Cmputer analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several wls. They put the wls, ne at a time, in an enclsure with branches fr them t stay n, and tw bxes with hles in them. They placed a ludspeaker alngside ne f the bxes and, after the birds had settled in, bradcast thrugh it five secnds f uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amunt f insect buzzing three times in a rw fr each nise. As a cntrl, they bradcast in like manner several nn-buzzing sunds made by bats.
During the bradcasts and fr five minutes thereafter, they videed the wls. After analysis, the results were unequivcal. When they heard bth the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the wls mved as far frm the speakers as they culd. In cntrast, when the nn-buzzing bat sunds were played, they crept clser.
Dr. Russ believes this is the first reprted case f a mammal using auditry mimicry t scare away a predatr. They strngly suspect, hwever, that it is nt unique. Anecdtes suggest several birds als make buzzing nises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result f the experiment, he therefre predicts that auditry mimicry is far mre widespread than currently realized.
35．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．A New Trick t Scare Away OwlsB．Animal Mimicry: Buzz ff
C．A Self-prtectin Behavir amng AnimalsD．Bats: N Mre Victim t Owls
2.【山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测】
Perhaps yu think yu culd easily add t yur happiness with mre mney. Strange as it may seem, if yu're unsatisfied, the issue is nt a lack f means t meet yur desires but a lack f desires — nt that yu cannt satisfy yur tastes but that yu dn't have enugh tastes.
Real riches cnsist f well-develped and hearty capacities (能力) t enjy life. Mst peple are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, g and talk t much. They live in t big a huse with t many rms, yet their huse f life is a hut.
Yur huse f life ught t be a mansin (豪宅) , a ryal palace. Every new taste, every additinal interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a rm. Here are several rms yur huse f life shuld have.
Art shuld be a desire fr yu t develp simply because the wrld is full f beautiful things. If yu nly understd hw t enjy them and feed yur spirit n them, they wuld make yu as happy as t find plenty f hamburgers and eggs when yu're hungry.
Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished rm where yu might find many an hur f rest and refreshment. T gain that lve wuld g tward making yu a rich persn, fr a rich persn is nt smene wh has a library but wh likes a library.
Music like Mzart's and Bach's shuldn't be absent. Real riches are f the spirit. And when yu've brught that spirit up t where classical music feeds it and makes yu a little drunk, yu have increased yur thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter f thrills.
Sprts, withut which yu remain pr, mean a lt in life. N matter wh yu are, yu wuld be mre human, and yur huse f life wuld be better supprted against the bad days, if yu culd, and did, played a bit.
Whatever rms yu might add t yur huse f life, the secret f enjying life is t keep adding.
What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Huse f LifeB．Secret f Wealth
C．Rest and RefreshmentD．Interest and Enthusiasm
3.【安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考】
Well, t pick up where we left ff last time. I’m certain that yu knw all t well the dangers hiding n the Wrld Wide Web. And whether it’s fr schlwrk, entertainment, r just scializing with friends, the Internet will surely be a majr part f yur child’s life. S, it’s imprtant t secure their nline stays.
It’s nt the easiest thing, but keeping pen lines f cmmunicatin is primary. Let them knw they can share their nline activities with yu. Talk t them abut their nline presence as early as pssible, ideally befre they begin t use email, scial media, r a smartphne. Discuss what they find interesting nline and learning frm them abut ppular websites and apps; this will create understanding and allw yu t identify ptential risks.
Next, mnitr withut spying. Mst kids learn t understand bundaries, like respecting thers’ persnal space, r nt pening the ckie jar withut asking. Internet use is n different. It’s helpful fr kids t have grund rules as t which websites they can visit,which apps they can use, and what they can share nline. Remind them that if they feel uneasy with anything that ccurs nline, they need t alert an adult immediately.
What is the best title fr the text?
A．What Is Hidden n the Net?B．Hw t Make Online Stays?
C．Be a Smarter Internet UserD．Keep Yur Kids Safe Online
4.【福建省泉州科技中学2023年高三试题】
Stuck inside his rm at an assisted living center, Bb Cleman knew he culd nt g ut in public with the epidemic (疫). But he was nt cut ff frm utside: he shared his lve fr cuntry music ver the Internet. “Hell, everybdy. It’s a bright day in Tennessee,” he said int his micrphne. “This is Bb Cleman, cming t yu frm Rm3325…”. Then Cleman began t play the music he lves-hits frm cuntry music stars. The 88-year-ld carefully chses each sng.
Cleman and several ther retirees have turned int DJs (流行音乐播音员), fr a new nline radi hur knwn as “Radi Recliner.” A marketing cmpany called Luckie came up with the idea f Radi Recliner. Listeners can send sng requests in hnr f family r friends. Fr example, listeners might hear a message like this: “Hey, Granny. This is yur favrite granddaughter Amy. We just wanted t call in and say we lve yu.” The 60-minute shw started with retirees in middle Tennessee. It has since expanded, with residents f assisted-living centers in ther states taking part in the prject. Many jumped at the chance t wrk as a DJ t ease the lneliness f scial distancing rules.
Mitch Bennett serves as Luckie’s chief creative fficer. He says the idea was t prvide a sense f cmmunity t lder peple. “Fr this generatin, radi was the riginal scial media,” Bennett said, “Dedicating a sng t smene yu lve and having them hear it alng with everyne else is a special way f cnnecting.”
In Gergia, 80-year-ld Ed Rsenblatt, wh had made full preparatins fr his shw, said an hur he spent playing sngs n Radi Recliner resulted in a fld f text messages, emails and calls frm family and friends, and many f the messages were frm peple he had nt heard frm fr years.
What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Older Adults Need Mre Care During the Epidemic
B．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Turn Int DJs
C．Older Adults Were Busy With Music During the Epidemic
D．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Shw Music Talents
【命题点02 文章大意题】
1.【陕西省渭南市高三教学质量检测一模】
The earliest tmates were little sur berries. They grew amng lw bushes in dry, sunny places in the Andes Muntains in Suth America. It was abut 350 millin years ag.
Tmat plants are relative t nightshade (茄属植物), which has pisn. The leaves and stems f tmat plants have pisn , but the berries are gd t eat. The berries are red s that animals can find them easily and eat them. The animals carry the seeds t ther places. That was hw earliest tmat plants fund new places t grw. Tmates are als relative t tbacc, chili peppers and ptates.
When peple first came t Suth America abut 20,000 years ag, they ate these tiny wild tmates. Travelers brught a few kinds f wild tmat plants frm the Andes t Central America, there the ancestrs f the Maya began t farm them. Nbdy knws exactly when peple began farming tmates, but it prbably was much later than crn and beans, and it was surely befre 500 BC．These Central American fanners bred tmates t be bigger and sweeter than the wild nes.
By the time Spanish explrers gt t Tenchtitlan in Mexic in 1521 AD, the Aztec peple ere eating a lt f tmates, made a sauce f chpped (剁碎的)tmates, nins, salt and chili peppers that was a lt like ur salsa. The wrd “tmat” cmes frm their Nahuatl wrd “tmat”.
Because tmates weren't farmed until pretty late, farmers further nrth had nt yet been able t adapt heir grwing seasn t wrking in Nrth America. Even tday, it's pretty hard t get yur tmates ripe in the nrthern parts f Nrth America befre the grwing seasn ends.
15．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t grw tmates.
B．The histry f tmates.
C．When t grw tmates.
D．The places where tmates grw.
2.【吉林省长春市重点高中高三下学期第三次模拟】
One f the greatest challenges in caring fr such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is prviding them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Prject Chimps receive mrning and evening fd-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always lking fr mre ways t keep the chimps mentally engaged. With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive persnality, care staff ften find that different chimps react differently t new enrichment.
Last year, we began inviting musicians t perfrm fr chimps t see what they may respnd. A vilin perfrmance received quite the respnse. Additinal musicians were lined up t visit but the crnavirus has stpped the activities, which we hpe t resume in the near future.
This past week, we brught an electric pian fr the chimps t investigate. Sme chimps, like twins Buttercup and Clarisse, were immediately interested and culd nt wait t tap ut a few ntes. Others, like Emma, were mre interested in trying t take it apart.
29-year-ld Precius has very little tlerance fr the pian. She sat ff t the side fr a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enugh. She called an end t the enrichment sessin by thrwing a handful f waste at the pian. Receiving her message lud and clear, we remved the pian.
We culd never have guessed hw 33-year-ld Luke wuld react t it. As with many retired lab chimpanzees, Luke has sme anxiety issues. He seems particularly distrustful f anything new, including peple, fd, and enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the pian, Luke was the first t investigate. We culd nt believe ur eyes—this usually anxius chimpanzee bravely chse t explre smething new!
T us at Prject Chimps, this is what it is all abut: giving chimpanzees the freedm t chse. We are hnred t be part f their jurney.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw caregivers care fr the retired chimpanzees.
B．What care staff d t enrich chimpanzees’ daily life.
C．Hw chimpanzees are trained thrugh varius enrichment.
D．What Prject Chimps des t bserve and study wild chimps.
3.【福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题】
A trial prject by the Mntreal Children’s Hspital suggested that the use f medical hypnsis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) prcedures.
“During the examinatin children dn’t mve. It wrks perfectly. It’s amazing,” said Jhanne L’Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technlgist at the hspital.
The prject was inspired by a French team frm Ruen University Hspital Centre where examinatins are dne under hypnsis instead f general anesthesia (麻醉).
A French medical-imaging technlgist-als a hypntist-was invited t train a few members in the medical-imaging department f the children’s hspital. In all, 80 examinatins were cnducted fr the prject between January and September, 2019, fcusing n the imaging prcedures that wuld cause anxiety.
What is the passage mainly abut?
A．An easy way t cmmunicate with patients.
B．The standard methd f cnducting hypnsis.
C．An intrductin f medical-imaging technlgy.
D．The use f hypnsis in medical-imaging prcedures.
4.【2023年全国高三专练】
In previus recessins (经济衰退), billinaires were hit alng with the rest f us; it tk almst three years fr Frbes’s 400 richest peple t recver frm lsses caused in 2008’s Great Recessin. But in the crnavirus recessin f 2020, mst billinaires have gtten richer than ever befre.
Billinaires increased their new billins just as millins f ther Americans ran int terrible financial prblems. Mre than 20 millin peple lst their jbs at the start f the pandemic. Fd banks acrss the cuntry are preparing fr anther great increase in demand. Why are American billinaires ding s well while s many ther Americans suffer? Peple may find part f the reasns frm the fllwing fact. Stcks (股票) are verwhelmingly wned by the wealthy, and the stck market has recvered frm its early-pandemic depths much mre quickly than ther parts f the ecnmy.
What des the authr mainly tell us in the passage?
A．Fd banks are nt enugh in the United States.
B．The richest kept getting richer even in the pandemic.
C．The stck market recvered befre the pandemic started.
D．400 richest peple recvered frm lsses in the pandemic.
【命题点03 段落大意题】
1.【广东省珠海市第三中学2023年高三试题】
In my twenties, when I was almst cnstantly in a state f anxiety, I never went n hliday. I was scared f flying, scared f my bss nticing hw much nicer life was withut me in the ffice. I thught nt ging n hliday made me a harder wrker,when actually it just made me a mre tired ne. Then, a bss pulled me aside t tell me that he wasn’t ging t thank me fr nt taking my hlidays. I then bked a cheap beach hliday with a friend, and was genuinely amazed t find I felt much better fr it.

What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The benefit the authr btained frm travelling.
B．The surce f the authr’s stress during ffice hurs.
C．The change f the authr’s attitude t taking hlidays.
D．The reasn why the authr tried t be a harder wrker.
2.【重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高考适应性试题】
The Yurk peple have lived alng the Klamath River, which flws frm the Cascades in Oregn suthwest thrugh Nrthern Califrnia, fr thusands f years, prtecting the regin and river frm which they — and thers — draw sustenance (生计).
But as develpment and pllutin cntinue t reduce the number f fish in the river and the quantity and quality f its waters, the Yurk Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s lngstanding care by granting the Rights f Persnhd t the Klamath, the first river in Nrth America t have such rights declared.

What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The prcess f legalizatin.B．The traditin f Yurk tribe.
C．The reasn behind the legalizatin.D．The imprtance f the Klamath River.
3.【江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考】
The term “beer gggles” is said t have been cined by male Nrth American university students in the 1980s. Yet despite uncnfirmed evidence fr the phenmenn, the link between alchl intxicatin (醉酒) and physical attractin has nt been systematically studied.
Prf Bwdring f the University f Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs f male friends int the labratry t rate the attractiveness f men and wmen they viewed in phts and vides. On ne ccasin, bth men were given enugh cranberry juice t raise their bld alchl cncentratin t abut 0.08% - the legal limit fr driving in England — and n the ther ccasin, they bth received a nn-alchlic drink. After prviding attractiveness ratings fr the phts, they were asked t select which f these individuals they wuld mst like t interact with in a future experiment.
What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The cmparisn f tw experiments.
B．The prcess f Bwdring’s experiment.
C．The underlying lgic f beer gggles effect.
D．The methds f appreciating attractiveness.
【微专题 主旨大意题易错陷阱】
1.【2023届浙江省四校（杭州二中、温州中学、绍兴一中、金华一中）高三5月联考】
In the animal kingdm, mimics (模仿) are nt rare. Stick insects pretend t be twigs. Hawk mth caterpillars resemble pisnus snakes. The examples, thugh, are visual. Auditry mimicry is rarer. Danil Russ f the University f Naples Federic II thinks he has fund a nvel case f it, as he describes in Current Bilgy. Sme bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in rder t scare away wls that might therwise eat them.
Dr. Russ first nticed bat buzzing a few years ag. The nise struck him as similar t the sund f sme bees. He wndered whether bat buzzing was a frm f mimicry which helped t scare ff wuld-be predatrs.
T test this idea, he and his clleagues first recrded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with prtective clthing, they began the mre dangerus task f recrding the buzzing made by different bees. Cmputer analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several wls. They put the wls, ne at a time, in an enclsure with branches fr them t stay n, and tw bxes with hles in them. They placed a ludspeaker alngside ne f the bxes and, after the birds had settled in, bradcast thrugh it five secnds f uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amunt f insect buzzing three times in a rw fr each nise. As a cntrl, they bradcast in like manner several nn-buzzing sunds made by bats.
During the bradcasts and fr five minutes thereafter, they videed the wls. After analysis, the results were unequivcal. When they heard bth the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the wls mved as far frm the speakers as they culd. In cntrast, when the nn-buzzing bat sunds were played, they crept clser.
Dr. Russ believes this is the first reprted case f a mammal using auditry mimicry t scare away a predatr. They strngly suspect, hwever, that it is nt unique. Anecdtes suggest several birds als make buzzing nises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result f the experiment, he therefre predicts that auditry mimicry is far mre widespread than currently realized.
35．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．A New Trick t Scare Away OwlsB．Animal Mimicry: Buzz ff
C．A Self-prtectin Behavir amng AnimalsD．Bats: N Mre Victim t Owls
2.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
Feeling a hug frm each ther via the internet may be a pssibility in the near future. A research team led by City University f Hng Kng recently develped a wireless, sft e-skin that can bth detect and deliver the sense f tuch, and frm a tuch netwrk allwing ne-t-multiuser interactin. It ffers great ptential fr imprving the distance tuch cmmunicatin.
While there are numerus devices in the market t simulate (模拟) the sense f tuch in the virtual wrld, they prvide nly tuch sensing r tuch respnse. The uniqueness f the nvel e-skin is that it can perfrm self-sensing and tuch reprducing functins n the same interface.
The e-skin is a 7cm×l0cm, 4.2mm-thick device cntaining 16 flexible actuatrs (驱动器), a micrcntrller unit, a Bluetth mdule, and ther electrnics n a flexible circuit bard. The actuatr serves as the cre part f the e-skin. Once the actuatr is pressed and released by a frce, a current is prduced t prvide electrical signals that are turned int digital signals by a cnverter (转换器) and then sent t anther e-skin via Bluetth. When the signals are received, a current is caused t reprduce the tuch respnse n the receiver’s e-skin thrugh mechanical vibratin (振动). The prcess can be reversed t deliver vibratins frm the receiver’s e-skin t the crrespnding actuatr f the sender’s.
The e-skin can cmmunicate with Bluetth devices and send data thrugh the internet with smartphnes and cmputers t perfrm lng-distance tuch, and t frm a tuch Internet f Things (IT) system, where ne-t-ne and ne-t-multiple tuch delivery culd be realized. Friends and family in different places culd use it t “feel” each ther. This frm f tuch vercmes the limitatins f space and greatly reduces the sense f distance in human cmmunicatin.
Next, the research team will fcus n practical applicatins fr peple with visual disability, wh culd wear the e-skin t gain remte directinal guidance and read Braille messages.
15．What wuld be the best title f the text?
A．A signal-sending applicatin
B．An inventin fr the disabled
C．A device fr virtual interactin
D．A lng distance cmmunicatin
3.【2023届广东省部分学校高三5月联合考试模拟预测】
As the csts f fuel, grceries and husing increase suddenly arund the wrld, scientists are fighting inflatin (通货膨胀) at the bench. Almst all items needed t cnduct science are mre expensive than they were just a year ag. And that means that nearly every researcher is feeling the pressure. “Nbdy is immune t this ecnmy,” says Tla Olrunnisla, wh leads innvatin in the lab at Avantr, an internatinal science-management cmpany in Pennsylvania. Olrunnisla visited labs in the Netherlands, Switzerland and Ireland t help researchers find ways t enlarge their budgets. “Scientists are becming mre cnscius f csts,” she says.
The increase in lab csts has frced scientists t make sme difficult chices. Scientific budgets are pretty fixed. If they pay duble fr smething, it means they’re nt buying smething else. Scientists can keep their research prjects mving frward, but t avid verspending n their budgets, they’ll prbably need t adjust their buying habits and take steps t make their labs mre efficient.
Julien Sage, a cancer researcher and geneticist at Stanfrd University in Califrnia, estimates that lab supplies histrically accunt fr rughly 20%f his verall budget, but he says that the balance is shifting.
Withut significant bsts in funding t keep pace with inflatin, it’s up t scientists t find creative ways t diminish csts. One ptin is t rethink experimental design.
“It will prbably take mre than discunts frm lab-supply cmpanies t truly prtect scientists frm the impact f rising prices,” Sage says. “Unless smething is dne n a large scale t either stabilize csts r increase funding, science is likely t suffer. If yu have less mney, yu’re ging t have fewer peple r be less prductive, which means yu’re ging t have fewer grants (拨款) which means yu’re ging t have fewer peple. That’s prbably happening t a lt f labs these days, and the questin is: When is it ging t stp?”
13．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The cause f increasing lab csts.B．The effects f the rising lab csts.
C．The tugh chices f researchers.D．The ways f making labs efficient.
4.【2023届广东省部分学校高三5月联合考试模拟预测】
Brn in France, but raised in Spain, linguistics and literature prfessr Juan Jsé Ciruela Alferez frm the University f Granada is passinate abut Chinese literature and has been ding sme research abut it. With painstaking effrt, his Spanish translatin f a Chinese classic was published last year.
Ciruela said translating the nvel was an interesting challenge. In recent years, many Chinese wrks have been intrduced t Spain. Hwever, as mst f them had been translated first int English and then frm that language int Spanish, much f the riginality was lst. Fr this reasn, when the Spanish publishing huse Kailas cntacted Ciruela t translate it directly frm Chinese, he accepted the missin immediately, even if it presented difficulties like a heavy wrklad within a shrt time limit.
“I encuntered varius difficulties, especially at the beginning f the task,” said Ciruela in an interview. “This nvel, in particular, needs a prir reading prcess in which the translatr gets int the plt and the characters, since at first it is difficult t enter the wrld that the nvel cnstantly raises. S I read the nvel first in Chinese, paying attentin t all thse details and hw all f that culd be translated in a way that the Spanish readers wuld understand.
Fr Ciruela, the mst imprtant criterin when translating is fidelity (忠诚) t the riginal text. While it is true that ne cannt always be strictly faithful, he believes translatrs shuld nt be t far frm riginal texts. Fr example, the translatin f culturemes (expressins f culture in language)is quite cmplicated due t the cultural gap between Spanish and Chinese. Ciruela believes that these must always be apprpriate t the specific functin they perfrm within the text, in each specific case and mment.
6．What aspect f the translatin task des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．Its barrier.B．Its principle.C．Its style.D．Its meaning.
（2023上·湖北·高三湖北省天门中学校联考期中）
With new advances in AI and autnmus driverless cars and trains, it makes sense that this mde f transprtatin culd be expanded t buses t. Nw a full-sized autnmus bus service is up and running in Sctland. The buses began running in May, 2023 and are carrying passengers between Ferrytll Park and the Edinburgh Park train and tram exchange. This 14-mile rute is the first f its kind in the UK.
The autnmus buses are being perated by Stagecach, the largest cach peratr in the UK. While the buses are autnmus, fully self-driving vehicles are nt currently permitted in the UK, s they are required t have a safety driver t mnitr the technlgy, and a bus captain that will help passengers bard and purchase tickets. The driver can take cntrl in case f an emergency situatin. The vehicles use sensrs t travel n specific rutes and can reach the tp speed f 50 mph. These autnmus buses are being trialed thrugh 2025.
It tk almst 10 years f research and develpment and 1.8 millin kilmeters f practice runs t reach this milestne, which is cnsidered the first full-size use f autnmus buses in Eurpe. “There have already been shrt trials in several cities in Italy, Finland, and France and there are plans fr driverless buses t be intrduced in Switzerland, Germany, and Nrway. We want Sctland t cntinue t be a leading figure in the develpment f autnmus vehicles and the start f this live trial will really help the cuntry create its credit n the wrld stage,” said Kevin Stewart, Scttish transprt minister.
This prject was ne f six t receive funding frm a jint UK gvernment and Industry undertaking t speed up the cmmercializatin f self-driving technlgy. The gvernment hpes that the autnmus buses will be faster, mre reliable, and safer t use than traditinal buses since 88 percent f rad accidents are caused by drivers’ errrs.
61．Why is a driver needed n an autnmus driverless bus?
A．T help passengers bard.B．T sell tickets t passengers.
C．T check the fuel f the bus.D．T track the mvement f the bus.
62．Which f the fllwing is the effect f the autnmus buses n the UK?
A．Increasing the incme fr the cuntry.B．Building up its new psitin t the wrld.
C．Causing drivers’ unemplyment.D．Imprving its bad transprtatin system.
63．What can we infer abut the autnmus buses in the UK frm the text?
A．They are the first vehicles t use AI technlgy.
B．They have been well received by the passengers.
C．They are expected t cause fewer rad accidents.
D．They prve hw imprtant technlgy is t a cuntry.
64．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Autnmus Buses Hit the Rad in the UK
B．Autnmus Buses Are Welcme Wrldwide
C．Autnmus Buses Have Cme t Our Life
D．Drivers Will Withdraw frm the Histrical Stage
（2023上·四川·高三校联考阶段练习）
China has built in Kunming City, Yunnan Prvince, the Germplasm (种质) Bank f Wild Species, a cmprehensive natinal database fr the cllectin and preservatin f wildlife germplasm resurces. As f the end f 2020, the bank preserved 85,046 cpies f 10,601 wild plant seeds fr prtecting wildlife germplasm resurces. Preserving dried and frzen seeds, the bank prvides technlgical supprt fr the prtectin and research, makes use f China’s wildlife germplasm resurces, and plays a majr part in internatinal bidiversity cnservatin.
The imprtance f science and technlgy fr bidiversity cnservatin is increasingly bvius. When remte sensr mnitring was nt available, agricultural technicians had n chice but t g fr field studies, which culd barely meet the need fr large-scale, fast and nndestructive (非破坏性的) mnitring f crp cnditins and timely preventin and cntrl f diseases and pests. Nwadays, remte sensr mnitring has been applied in agricultural prductin in China, allwing agricultural technicians t analyze the mvements f insect pests and evaluate plant diseases and insect pests by mnitring remtely the vegetatin grwth, cverage, surface temperature, humidity and ther indicatrs.
In the Internet era, infrmatin technlgy has made the prcessing f massive data pssible and created wider and mre cnvenient platfrms fr bidiversity cnservatin in China, including Chinese Virtual Herbarium, Plant Pht Bank f China, and Natinal Animal Cllectin Resurce Center. The emergence f databases and digital prgrams in recent years is driving China t turn arund its seriusly threatened bidiversity.
Frm the cllectin and strage f infrmatin t the management and analysis f resurces, the cnstantly imprving bidiversity infrmatin netwrk has realized the explratin and use f massive bidiversity data, prviding a slid fundatin fr China’s bidiversity cnservatin and research. Bidiversity cnservatin and science and technlgy are inextricable. Only by making science and technlgy a strng supprt fr bidiversity cnservatin can humankind guard the Earth and build a beautiful wrld f harmny amng all beings n the planet.
65．What can we learn abut the bank frm paragraph 1?
A．Its crisis.B．Its administratin.C．Its rle.D．Its staff.
66．What d researchers hardly need t d with the help f remte sensr mnitring?
A．Evaluate plant diseases and insect pests.
B．G t fields t cntrl the plant diseases.
C．Analyze the tracks f the pests f plants.
D．Satisfy the need t mnitr crp cnditins.
67．What des the underlined wrd “inextricable” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A．Linked.B．Cmpetitive.C．Inadequate.D．Inessential.
68．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Germplasm Bank f Wild Species Develps Fast
B．Technlgies Prmte Chinese Bidiversity Prtectin
C．China Has Made Great Effrts t Prcess Massive Data
D．Infrmatin Technlgy Cntributes Much t Many Fields
（2023上·山西朔州·高三怀仁市第一中学校校联考阶段练习）
Languages like Italian r Finnish can be spelled mre easily because each letter f the alphabet matches t ne sund. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. Hwever, students even after years f learning English are still far belw Italian r Finnish students in reading accuracy.
English started as a Germanic language. It is mst clsely cnnected t German and Dutch, especially in grammar and basic vcabulary. During the Nrman invasin (侵略) in the 12th century, Old English was spken but French was used in gvernment and legal dcuments. And Latin was used in religius and educatinal activities. As a result, mre French and Latin wrds entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped t establish English spelling. The English f tday is hw the language was written at the time. Hwever, the spken language started t change in the 1500s with the prnunciatin f all lng vwels. Fr example, “bite” was prnunced clser t “beet” in 1400, befre changing thrugh the years t its current sund. The effect was that the English language had ld spellings, but new sunds.
English has 26 letters in the alphabet, but ver 44 individual sunds depending n the variatin f spken English. There are several sunds represented by nly ne letter. Fr example, the letter “C” can sund like an “S” as in “city”. And it als sunds like a “K” as in “cat”.
There are nly 5 r 6 vwel (元音) letters in the English alphabet. They include A, E, I, O, U, and smetimes Y. But there are 20 different ways t sund them. At the centre is the mst cmmn vwel sund f “uhhh”. It is the mst relaxed and natural sund. It takes almst n effrt f the tngue r thrat t create the sund. Since it takes little effrt, the sund “uhhh” ften makes its way int prnunciatins. Fr example, the wrd “please” ften turns int “PUH-lease” when smene is trying t call attentin. This is anther reasn why spelling in English is s difficult!
69．Hw des the authr lead t the tpic f this text?
A．By cmparisn.
B．By making a classificatin.
C．By the calculatin f an example.
D．By describing a prcess.
70．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The cmplex histry f English.
B．The frmatin f mdern English.
C．The influence f English n ther languages.
D．Factrs prmting the develpment f English.
71．When did the current spelling f English cme int being?
A．In the 12th century.B．Befre the Nrman invasin.
C．In the late 1400s.D．In the 1500s.
72．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．One Letter, Many Sunds
B．S Many Ways t Sund a Vwel
C．Why Spelling in English Is S Difficult
D．Hw t Imprve the Accuracy f English Spelling
（2023上·重庆·高三重庆市育才中学校联考阶段练习）
Frm rlling hills t muntain ranges, views make any rad trip memrable, but fr blin d passengers this is part f the experience they miss. Mtr cmpany Frd tries t change that. It teamed up with GTB Rm a and AedPrject—t develp a technlgy that will give thse unfrtunate passengers a way t feel nature’s beauty thrugh their car windws.
The prttype (原型) f the smart car windw has a device with an utside-facing camera. With just a press f a buttn, the system takes a picture f the current view. The clrful picture is then turned int an image with different shades f grey thrugh, LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes ver different regins f the image, its shaking mvements prvide feedback thrugh the sense f tuch t the persn using it. The smart windw als cmes with a vice assistant that uses AI t identify the scene and help the passengers get infrmatin n what they’re seeing.
“As the prttype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth t a cmpletely new language that wuld give blind peple a new chance t visualize and experience traveling,” Federic Russ.-ne directr f GTBRma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we lked fr suppliers all arund the wrld t make it cme t life.” He believes the technlgy can be emplyed nt just in cars. “It culd be intrduced int schls and in stitutins fr blind peple as a tl that culd be used in multiple ways.”
The technlgy may shw up in a Frd autnmus vehicle. It’s knwn that the cmpany is testing their technlgy and future business mdel and struggling t figure ut hw an autnmus vehicle gives different passengers the details needed t get frm ne destinatin t anther. It’s unclear when this technlgy will be made available. Hwever, the idea f building smething fr the less advanced is indeed a kind and influential actin.
73．Hw des the smart car windw wrk?
A．By srting shaking mvements.B．By recrding the view with a camera.
C．By translating scenery int vibratins.D．By presenting different shades f clrs.
74．What can we knw abut the technlgy accrding t Federic Russø?
A．It will have wide applicatin.B．It will be used in schls first.
C．It will be tested arund the wrld.D．It will understand different languages.
75．What difficulty is Frd facing currently?
A．Hw t explre their future business mdel.
B．Hw the technlgy is applied t everyday life.
C．Hw t prduce autnmus cars in large numbers.
D．Hw an autnmus vehicle prvides rute infrmatin.
76．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．AI-based Windw Adds Fun t Rad Trips
B．Frd Develps a System fr the Blind t Drive
C．Smart Windw Lets Blin d Passengers Feel Views
D．Technlgy Makes Blind Peple’s Trip Enjyable
（2023上·湖北·高三湖北省天门中学校联考期中）
Ernest Hemingway, the Nbel Prize-winning American writer, first visited Pamplna during the traditinal festival 100 years ag. The festival started mre than seven hundred years ag. Fr nine days, peple cme t the nrthern Spanish city fr bull running, bullfighting and partying.
The festival affected Hemingway s deeply that he returned eight times. Here is a descriptin f what happens at the start f the bull running: A rcket wuld be lit. And the bulls wuld charge ut f the gate. At that mment, a crwd f runners wearing white clthes and red scarves wuld start t run. They wuld lk back, mve and dance t avid being injured by the charging bull’s hrns. Onlkers wuld cheer them n frm balcnies abve.
In 1926, Hemingway wrte his first bk, The Sun Als Rises. He wrte abut his experiences in Pamplna and established himself as the vice f what became knwn as the Lst Generatin. “I can’t stand it t think my life is ging s fast and I’m nt really living it,” says ne character in the bk. “Nbdy ever lives their life all the way up except bull-fighters,” is the answer.
Bill Hillman is a 41-year-ld prfessr frm Chicag. He first read the bk at cllege. When he turned t the last page, he learnt tw things: He wanted t becme a writer, and he wuld run in frnt f Pamplna’s bulls smeday. His first running f the bulls was in 2005 and he has been running ever since. He has been wunded twice, but that has nt lessened his interest.
Last year, 1.7 millin peple came t the festival. Pamplna native Miguel has written abut the festival’s links t Hemingway. He believes the writer’s influence n its ppularity has been as large as peple say. Besides, he thinks that Pamplna is still using Hemingway t gain attentin. “We made him int an icn,” he said.
77．What is the main attractin f the festival in Pamplna?
A．Hemingway’s influence.B．Running bulls.
C．The lng histry f the twn.D．The beautiful scenery there.
78．Why des the authr qute Hemingway’s wrds in paragraph 2?
A．T shw the writer’s talent fr language.B．T shw the ppularity f the festival.
C．T shw the details f the festival.D．T shw the writer’s persnal experience.
79．Which wrd can best describe Bill Hillman ?
A．Strng-willed.B．Stubbrn.C．Adventurus.D．Desperate.
80．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Peple take an active part in bull fighting.
B．Ernest Hemingway is an icn in a famus city.
C．The festival in Pamplna is still as ppular as befre.
D．Ernest Hemingway has an influence n Pamplna’s festival.
（2023·四川成都·校联考二模）
Billy Ragsdale was 23 years ld when they invaded the island f Saipan in June 1944 during the Pacific Theater f Wrld War II. Almst a year later, his wife, Elise, was infrmed that her husband lst his life. Billy had n children, and left behind his wife f three years, mther, brther and tw sisters. Nw, 78 years later, and thanks t DNA testing, Billy is hme.
Billy was ne f abut a hundred unidentified sldiers buried in a military cemetery in the Philippines after the battle. Five years after the invasin, the American Graves Registratin Service (AGRS) disinterred (掘出) the remains n Saipan in an effrt t recver missing American marines (海军陆战队员). But Billy was nt identified and he was cnsidered as nn-recverable.
In January 2020, remains marked as “Unknwn X-6” were disinterred frm the cemetery and taken t a lab in Hawaii. The remains, they thught, had a gd chance f being identified nw with advances in technlgy. That’s when Waggener gt a call frm the Marines.
“They gt my name and asked if I’d be willing t d a DNA test,” Waggener said. With his DNA, and that f a cusin, the lab psitively identified the unknwn remains as belnging t Billy. “They asked if we’d accept the remains and f curse we said yes,” Waggener said. “It means the wrld t bring him hme and bury him next t his family.”
Bringing Billy hme was the first gal. The secnd was burying him clse t family in a plt f land, almst all f which has been sld ut fr decades. The secnd gal might be ut f reach.
And yet, it’s as if ne f thse unsld plts has been waiting fr Billy fr 78 years. Next t a large shade tree in the cemetery, Billy’s mther, Harriett, and father, William, rest. In frnt f them are Charltte, their eldest daughter, and Mary Jane, their yungest. T Charltte’s right will be Billy, reunited with his family nce again.
81．Why did AGRS dig the remains ut f the military cemetery in the Philippines?
A．T identify the sldiers buried there.
B．T bring the remains back t America.
C．T find the remains marked as “UnknwnX-6”.
D．T cunt the number f marines killed in the battle.
82．The Marines called Waggener in 2020 _________.
A．t invite him t HawaiiB．t ask him t d a DNA test
C．t purchase a plt f land fr BillyD．t bring back Billy’s remains back hme
83．What can we learn abut Billy Ragsdale?
A．He died at the age f 23 years ld.
B．His remains returned t America in 2022.
C．He lst his life in the invasin f the island f Saipan.
D．He was the nly unidentified marine at the beginning.
84．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．The remains f an American marine returned hme.
B．DNA technlgy fund its use in identifying remains.
C．Hw AGRS recvered sldiers’ remains in Wrld War II.
D．Billy’s dream f being reunited with his family came true.
（2023上·四川遂宁·高三统考期中）
Research has linked urban envirnments with the increased risk fr anxiety, depressin, and ther mental health prblems. Frtunately, research als finds a slutin: Visiting wilderness, even briefly, is assciated with a variety f mental and physical benefits, including lwer bld pressure, reduced anxiety and depressin, imprved md, better fcus, better sleep, better memry and faster healing.
Numerus studies have supprted this assciatin, but we still have a lt t learn. Can just walking in a frest really cause all these beneficial changes in the brain? And if s, hw? One gd place t lk fr clues is the amygdala (杏仁核), a small structure in the center f the brain invlved in stress prcessing, emtinal learning, and the fight-r-flight respnse. Research indicates the amygdala is less active during stress in rural residents cmpared with city dwellers.
T address that questin, researchers frm the Max Planck Institute fr Human Develpment designed a new study, this time with help frm functinal magnetic resnance imaging (FMRI). The subjects were randmly assigned t take a ne-hur walk in either an urban setting (a busy shpping district in Berlin) r a natural ne (Berlin’s 3,000-hectare Grunewald frest). Researchers asked them t walk a specific rute in either lcatin, withut ging ff-curse r using their mbile phnes alng the way. The FMRI scans shwed reduced activity in the amygdala after a walk in the wds, the researchers reprt, which supprts the idea that nature can cause beneficial effects in brain regins invlved with stress.
The researchers als learned smething interesting abut subjects wh tk urban walks. While their amygdala activity didn’t decrease like thse wh tk nature walks, it als didn’t increase, despite having spent an hur in a busy urban setting. “ This strngly argues in favr f the psitive effects f nature as ppsed t urban expsure causing additinal stress,” the researchers write.
In any case, the new study ffers sme f the clearest evidence yet that stress-related brain activity can be reduced by taking a walk thrugh a nearby frest, just like ur ancestrs might have dne.
85．Of the fllwing situatins, which is gd t human’s health?
A．Ging t the city.B．Getting ut f wilderness.
C．Having a lve fr nature.D．Being clse t nature.
86．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Changes in the human brain.B．Clues supprting the amygdala.
C．Structure in the middle f the brain.D．Research evidence fr this assciatin.
87．What’s the result f the new study accrding t the subjects?
A．Walking in the wds is helpful t human brain.
B．Ging t the urban areas is gd fr human brain.
C．Using scans is thught highly f by the researchers.
D．Taking a ne-hur walk is essential t reduce stress.
88．What’s the authr’s attitude twards ur ancestrs’ deed?
A．Dubtful.B．Favrable.C．Unclear.D．Intlerant.
（2023上·江苏南通·高三统考阶段练习）
Prtia Kapraun has always seen unwelcme ads n Twitter, usually frm majr brands pitching (竭力推销) her expensive jewelry r vehicles that she, as a librarian in Indiana, culd nt affrd. Ms. Kapraun was nt interested. But she sn saw the ads again. And again. And again. “These feel like lw-end ads,” she said. In a shaky advertising market in an uncertain ecnmy, ads that few peple want t see suddenly seem t be everywhere.
Advancements in digital advertising technlgy were meant t imprve users’ experience. Peple interested in shes are intended t get ads fr sneakers and bts, nt repeated pitches prmting gld investments. And the technlgy is suppsed t remve misleading r dangerus pitches. But lately, n several platfrms, the ppsite seems t be happening fr a variety f reasns, including a slwdwn in the verall digital ad market. As numerus deep-pcketed markets have pulled back, and the sfter market has led several digital platfrms t lwer their ad pricing, pprtunities have pened up fr less demanding advertisers.
Advertising experts agree that pr-quality ads appear t be increasing greatly. They pint t a variety f ptential causes: internal trubles at technlgy cmpanies, weak cntent mderatin (审核), and high-level advertisers seeking ther chices. Then, there’s the ecnmy: A recent survey f 43 multinatinal cmpanies representing mre than $44 billin in advertising spending fund that nearly 30 percent planned t cut back n their marketing spending last year.
Other factrs are als cntributing t lwer advertising quality. Scial media advertising, nce nly practiced by specialists, is nw easily available t anyne. Many f them are aviding targeted ads—placements intended t reach specific audiences, usually at a higher cst -- in favr f a cheaper spray-and-pray (广撒网式的) apprach nline, hping t catch the attentin f gullible (容易受骗的) r bred shppers. Majr scial media platfrms are nw like “a mall that used t be gd”, Crey Richardsn, vice president at a multicultural ad cmpany, says. “But nw there’s n lnger a mall there —it’s just a place selling anything.”
89．What message des the authr want t deliver in Prtia Kapraun’s stry?
A．Repeated ads have a strng pwer f persuasin.
B．Scial media users ften encunter unwanted ads.
C．Majr brands usually prefer scial media advertising.
D．An uncertain ecnmy leads t lwer levels f cnsumptin.
90．What can be inferred abut the “less demanding advertisers” mentined in Paragraph 2?
A．They are frced t exit the digital ad market.
B．They have benefited frm advertising experts.
C．They wrk hard t imprve their users’ experience.
D．They can nw advertise at a mre affrdable price.
91．What is Crey Richardsn’s attitude t majr scial media platfrms?
A．Negative.B．Unclear.C．Favrable.D．Hpeful
92．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Where is scial media advertising heading?
B．What is shaking up the nline advertising market?
C．Why are yu seeing s many bad digital ads nw?
D．Hw are targeted ads impacting yur-purchase decisins?
（2022·重庆·统考二模）
Grwing up in the Suth Central neighbrhd f Ls Angeles in the 1970s, Ghuan Featherstne nly remembers riding a hrse with his parents at a nearby park when he was eight years ld.
But ever since, he’s been chasing that sense f freedm and pwer he felt n the hrse that day. “I felt like I culd cnquer anything,” Featherstne, nw 51, said in a Stry Crps interview last mnth with Jrdan Humphreys, a 13-year-ld hrseback rider. After serving in the Army fr eight years, Featherstne remained determined t realize his childhd dream f becming a cwby.
When he returned t Ls Angeles, he learned t ride at stables knwn as “The Hill” in Cmptn. Riders there wuld jump n their hrse backs and take their hrses int the city streets. In 2012, a fire burned dwn The Hill. What had becme a shelter fr the yuth was suddenly gne. Sensing the vid (空缺) after the fire, Featherstne pened his wn stables, Urban Saddles, in 2019 t create a space where he culd teach kids like Humphreys t care fr and ride hrses.
As a black man, Featherstne is against prejudice. Peple f clr are ften prevented frm pp culture and histrical representatins f the cwby. His stable has helped keep the cwby lifestyle alive in the streets. “Riding thrugh the streets n hrseback has given me a way t cnnect with thers in the cmmunity,” said Humphreys. “It makes them happy seeing us n a hrse and then they may be smiling, and I believe that when we cme thrugh, we give them a sense f hpe,” he added.
If there’s ne lessn Featherstne hpes t cnvey t kids, it’s a respect fr all life. “We’re respecting the animals and we’re respecting each ther,” he said.
93．What made Featherstne want t becme a cwby?
A．His lve t his parents.B．The duty f saving the wrld.
C．The serving years in the army.D．His childhd riding experience.
94．What is mainly talked abut in paragraph 3?
A．The life f being a cwby.
B．The dream f being a cwby.
C．The curse f pening Urban Saddles.
D．The place f teaching kids like Humphreys.
95．Which can be ne f the purpses f Fetherstne’s pening his wn stables?
A．T teach the black kids t ride hrses.
B．T help the kids t learn t respect all life.
C．T make mney by teaching the kids t ride.
D．T train the cwbys t becme mre hpeful.
96．Which f the fllwing wrds may best describe Fetherstne?
A．Smart but careless.B．Slw but prductive.
C．Diligent and brad-minded.D．Determined and kind-hearted.
（2023上·陕西汉中·高三统考阶段练习）
When yu walk with a backpack, d yu knw hw the things inside mve frm side t side? Nw scientists have figured ut hw t tap int that mvement t prduce electricity.
Picture a pendulum (摆锤) fixed t a backpack frame and stabilized with springs n either side. The pack’s weight is attached t the pendulum, s the pendulum swings side t side as yu walk. Then a machine is driven by that swinging mvement, and prduces electrical current t charge a battery.
Vlunteers carried the pack while walking n a running machine and wre masks t measure the flw f O2 and CO2. When the vlunteers were walking with the slightly swinging 20-pund lad, the device did nt significantly affect their metablic (新陈代谢的) rate cmpared t when they carried the same weight fixed in place. In fact, the energy-harvesting pack reduced the frces f acceleratin they’d feel in a regular pack, which might mean greater cmfrt fr a lng hike. And the device did prduce a steady trickle (涓流) f electricity. If yu up the lad t 45 punds, it culd fully charge a smartphne nly after 12 hurs. The details are in the jurnal Ryal Sciety Open Science.
The device prduces electricity frm human mvement and has been identified as a wrkable slutin t prviding a renewable energy surce fr prtable electrnic devices. It is particularly useful t thse wh wrk in remte areas, as these peple ften carry a lt f weight in a backpack fr their explratin.
But here’s a real cnundrum: the energy-harvesting device currently weighs five punds. The researchers say that’s abut fur punds t many t be a smart alternative t batteries. S they hpe that mre research lets them lighten the lad s that they can ensure the pack charges yur phne up withut weighing yu dwn.
97．What des Paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．What the device lks like.B．Hw the device wrks.
C．Wh the device is designed fr.D．Why scientists designed the device.
98．What can we knw abut the device frm Paragraph 3?
A．It was useless fr a lng walk.
B．It failed t prduce steady electricity.
C．Ryal Sciety Open Science cnducted the study f the device.
D．It harvested energy as the vlunteers walked.
99．What des the underlined wrd “cnundrum” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Prblem.B．Bnd.
C．Decisin.D．Methd.
100．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Finding Smarter Alternatives t Batteries
B．The Develpment f Backpacks
C．Charging Batteries When Carrying Backpacks
D．Searching fr New Ways t Charge Yur Phne
【2023▪新高考II卷】
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
4. What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A. She used t be a health wrker.B. She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C. She wns a fast fd restaurant.D. She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
5. What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time fr her classes.
C. Sme kids disliked garden wrk.D. There was n space fr schl gardens.
6. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.
C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.
7. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl GardensB. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable LversD. Changing Lcal Landscape
【2023▪新高考I卷】
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
12. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
14. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【2023▪浙江1月卷】
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A. The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B. The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C. The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D. The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
33. What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A. Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B. Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C. Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D. Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A. T cnserve pllinatrs.B. T restrict slar develpment.
C. T diversify the ecnmy.D. T ensure the supply f energy.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB. Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD. Slar Farms: A New Develpment
2022年记叙文
【2022年天津卷第二次】I’m an 18-year-ld pre-medical student, tall nd gd-lking, with tw shrt stry bks and quite a number f essays my credit. Why am I singing such praises f myself? Just t explain that he attainment f self-pride cmes frm a great deal f self-lve, and t attain it, ne must first learn t accept neself as ne is. That was where my struggle began.
Brn and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African rigin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had t relcate t Nrway, where I attended a high schl. Cmpared t all the white girls arund me, with their glden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nse ften had a thin sheet f sweat n it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted t bury myself in my shell crying “I’m s different!”
What als cntributed t my self-dislike was my ccasinal stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-cnfidence. It always std between me and any fine pprtunity. I’d taken it as an excuse t avid any public speaking sessins, and unknwingly let it rule ver me.
Frtunately, as I grew lder, there came a turning pint. One day a white girl caught my eye n the schl bus when she suddenly turned back. T my astnishment, she had a thin sheet f sweat n her nse t, and it was in Nvember! “Ww,” I whispered t myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disrder after all. It’s perfectly nrmal.” Days later, my life tk an-ther twist(转折). Searching the internet fr stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famus peple as Isaac Newtn and Winstn Churchill als stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shuldn’t allw my stuttering t stand between me and my success.
Anther bst t my self-cnfidence came days later as I was watching the news abut Oprah Winfrey, the famus talkshw hst and writer—she’s black t! Whenever I think f her stry and my frmer dislike f my clr, I’m practically filled with shame.
Tday, I’ve grwn t accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling f uniqueness. The idea f self-lve has taken n a whle new meaning fr me: there’s always smething fantastic abut us, and what w need t d is learn t appreciate it.
41. What affected the authr’s adjustment t her schl life in Nrway!
A. Her appearance
B. Scial discrimɪnatin.
C. Her changing emtins.
D. The climate in Nrway.
42. What did the authr’s ccasinal stuttering bring abut accrding n Paragraph 3?
A. Her lack f self-cnfidence.
B. Her lss f interest in schl.
C. Her unwillingness t greet her classmates.
D. Her desire fr chances t imprve herself.
43. Hw did the authr feel n nticing the similarity between her and ne girl n the bus?
A. Blessed and prud.
B. Cnfused and afraid.
C. Amazed and relieved.
D. Shcked and ashamed.
44. What lessn did the authr learn frm the cases f Newtn and Churchill?
A. Great minds speak alike.
B. Stuttering is n barrier t success.
C. Wisdm cunts mre than hard wrk.
D. Famus peple can’t live with their weaknesses.
45. What can best summarize the message cntained in the passage?
A. Pride cmes befre a fall.
B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. Self-acceptance is based n the lve fr neself.
D Self-lve is key t the attainment f self-pride.
2021年记叙文
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
8. What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A. Make a mvie.B. Build new schls.
C. Run a prject.D. Help lcal musicians.
9. What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A. It is particularly difficult.B. It increases artists' incme.
C. It pens children's mind.D. It deserves greater attentin.
10. What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A. Mral principles.B. Interpersnal skills.
C. Creative abilities.D. Psitive wrldviews.
11. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t SchlsB. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in BritainD. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
2020年记叙文
【2020年北京卷】Fr the past five years, Paula Smith, a histrian f science, has devted herself t re-creating lng-frgtten techniques. While ding research fr her new bk, she came acrss a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）cnsisting f nearly 1,000 sets f instructins, cvering subjects frm tl making t finding the best sand.
The authr's intentin remains as mysterius（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking ntes fr his wn recrds. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any f the skills the authr described. "Yu simply can't get an understanding f that handwrk by reading abut it," she says.
Thugh Smith did get her hands n the best sand, ding things the ld-fashined way isn't just abut playing arund with French mud. Recnstructing the wrk f the craftsmen（工匠）wh lived centuries ag can reveal hw they viewed the wrld, what bjects filled their hmes, and what went n in the wrkshps that prduced them. It can even help slve present-day prblems: In 2015, scientists discvered that a 10th-century English medicine fr eve prblems culd kill a drug-resistant virus.
The wrk has als brught insights fr museums, Smith says. One must knw hw n bject was made in rder t preserve it. What's mre, recnstructins might be the nly way t knw what treasures lked like befre time wre them dwn. Schlars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Rman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbw f striking clurs. We can't appreciate these kinds f details withut seeing wrks f art as they riginally appeared-smething Smith believes yu can d nly when yu have a rad map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas int practice. Her final gal is t link the wrlds f art and science back tgether: She believes that bringing the ld recipes t life can help develp a kind f learning that highlights experimentatin, teamwrk, and prblem slving.
Back when science—then called “the new philsphy”—tk shape, academics lked t craftsmen fr help in understanding the natural wrld. Micrscpes and telescpes were invented by way f artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass t better bend light.
If we can rediscver the values f hands-n experience and craftwrk, Smith says, we can marry the best f ur mdern insights with the handiness f ur ancestrs.
38. Hw did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript?
A. Cnfused abut the technical terms.
B. Impressed with its detailed instructins.
C. Discuraged by its cmplex structure.
D. Shcked fr her wn lack f hand skills.
39. Accrding t Smith, the recnstructin wrk is dne mainly t _____________.
A. restre ld wrkshpsB. understand the craftsmen
C. imprve visual effectsD. inspire the philsphers
40. Why des the authr mentin museums?
A. T reveal the beauty f ancient bjects.
B. T present the findings f ld science.
C T highlight the imprtance f antiques.
D. T emphasise the values f hand skills.
41. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends fr Artists
B. Craftsmanship Leads t New Theries
C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future f Science
2022年阅读理解说明文
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
12. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
13. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
15. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. "
8. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm. B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【2022年全国乙卷】Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效)acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
8. What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A. The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.B. Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C. The reductin f cst in designing drnes.D. Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
9. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
10. What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A T prvide early warning.B. T make trains run autmatically.
C. T earn prfits fr the crews.D. T accelerate transprtatin.
11. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
【2022年全国甲卷】
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
4. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
5. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
6. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
7. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent Learners
C. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
2021年阅读理解说明文
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934 better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【2021年全国乙卷】
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
28. What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
29. Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art.
D. T find a substitute fr them.
30. What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A. Calming.B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.
31 Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
【2021年浙江卷6月】
If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can "tell" whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething. Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study
Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images(图像)f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face. During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn's face. The researchers then tested the dgs' ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn's face n images ttally different frm the nes used in training. The researchers fund that the dgs were able t pick the angry r happy face by tuching a picture f it with their nses mre ften than ne wuld expect by randm chance.
The study shwed the animals had figured ut hw t apply what they learned abut human faces during training t new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule ut that the dgs simply distinguish between the pictures based n a simple cue, such as the sight f teeth," said study authr Crsin Muller. "Instead, ur results suggest that the successful dgs realized that a smiling muth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies t an angry muth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With ur study, we think we can nw cnfidently cnclude that at least sme dgs can distinguish human facial expressins," Muller tld Live Science.
At this pint, it is nt clear why dgs seem t be equipped with the ability t recgnize different facial expressins in humans. "T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins," and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study fcused n whether dgs can_________.
A. distinguish shapesB. make sense f human faces
C. feel happy r angryD. cmmunicate with each ther
9. What can we learn abut the study frm paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dgs in randm rder.
B. Diverse methds were adpted during training.
C. Pictures used in the tw stages were different
D. The dgs were phtgraphed befre the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. A suggestin fr future studies.B. A pssible reasn fr the study findings.
C. A majr limitatin f the studyD. An explanatin f the research methd.
【2021年浙江卷1月】
Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a "vcabulary" f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5,000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
"That's what's s amazing abut chimp gestures," she said. "They're the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect. ”
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal's call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling:" Climb n me. " The yungster immediately jumps n t its mthers back and they travel ff tgether. "The big message frm this study is that there is anther species (物种) ut there. that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that's nt unique t humans," said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappinting".
"The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins," she said. "Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animal cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains. "
7．What d chimps and humans have in cmmn accrding t Dr Hbaiter?
A．Memrizing specific wrds.B．Understanding cmplex infrmatin.
C．Using vices t cmmunicate.D．Cmmunicating messages n purpse.
8．What did Dr Shultz think f the study?
A．It was well designed but prly cnducted.
B．It was a gd try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methds deserved praise.
9．What des the underlined wrd "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference.B．Cnflict.C．Balance.D．Cnnectin.
10．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B．Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D．Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
【2021年天津卷第二次】
Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind t be bth functinal and beautiful. Why, then, is art still s widely cnsidered t be "the easy subject" at schl, insignificant t wider sciety, a waste f time and effrt?
Art can cnnect culture with cmmercial prducts in a way that nt many ther things can; art generates mney and hlds significant emtinal and cultural value within cmmunities. When peple attend a cncert, they are paying fr music, sure, maybe even htel rms, meals, and transprt, but they als gain an incredible experience, a unique atmsphere and a memry that will g thrugh the rest f their lives. Peple dn't just want material things anymre, they want t experience life一the arts are a perfect crssver （交迭）between culture and cmmerce.
Furthermre, the arts can bring cmmunities tgether, reducing lneliness and making peple feel safer. Scial bnds are created amng individuals when they share their arts experiences thrugh reflectin and discussin, and their expressin f cmmn values thrugh artwrks in hnur f events significant t a natin's experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty psitive impact n physical and psychlgical health. It is fund that peple wh frequent cultural places r participate in artistic events are mre likely t gain gd health cmpared t thse wh d nt; mre engagement with the arts is linked t a higher level f peple's wellbeing. The Ryal Sciety f Public Health discvered that music and art, when used in hspitals, help t imprve the cnditins f patients by reducing stress, anxiety and bld pressure.
Children wh are invlved with the arts make greater achievements in their educatin: thse engaged with drama have greater literary ability while thers taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages. Kids with preference fbr the arts have a greater chance f finding emplyment in the future. Participating in the arts is essential fbr child develpment; encuraging children t express themselves in cnstructive ways culd help t frm healthy emtinal respnses in later life.
Vital t human life, art is celebrated and used by natins acrss the wrld fr varius purpses. Life withut art wuld be bring and dead still, fbr art is a part f what makes us human.
51. Art prducts differ frm mst ther cmmercial prducts because .
A. mst peple purchase them fr cllectin
B. they are mre expensive and less accessible
C. they have bth cmmercial and cultural values
D. their prices may climb up as time passes
52. By sharing their arts experiences, cmmunity members can .
A. keep the cmmunity safe frm illnesses
B. develp a strnger tie between them
C. learn t appreciate their wn wrks f art
D. ffer hnurable slutins t their prblems
53. What can we learn abut peple wh are invlved in artistic activities?
A. They enjy better living cnditins.
B. They like t cmpare themselves with thers.
C. They are particularly gd at bth music and art.
D. They tend t be healthier physically and mentally.
54. Hw des kids' engagement with the arts benefit them?
A. It prmtes their academic perfrmance and emtinal grwth.
B. It gives them mre cnfidence in exhibiting their learning skills.
C. It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.
D. It helps t make respnsible peple ut f them.
55. What is the best title fr this passage?
A. Hw Art Cures Our Hearts
B. Art: A Blessing t Humankind
C. Hw Art Benefits Cmmunities
D. Art: A Bridge Between Cultures
【2021年天津卷第一次】
A trial prject by the Mntreal Children's Hspital suggested that the use f medical hypnsis(催眠)can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) prcedures.
“During the examinatin children dn't mve. It wrks perfectly. It's amazing,“ said Jhanne L'Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technlgist at the hspital.
The prject was inspired by a French team frm Ruen University Hspital Centre where examinatins are dne under hypnsis instead f general anesthesia(麻醉）.
A French medical-imaging technlgist-als a hypntist — was invited t train a few members in the medical-imaging department f the children's hspital. In all, 80 examinatins were cnducted fr the prject between January and September, 2019, fcusing n the imaging prcedures that wuld cause anxiety.
Hypnsis is nt a state f sleep: It is rather a mdified(改变的)state f cnsciusness. The technlgist will guide the patient t this mdified state—an imaginary wrld that will disassciate itself mre and mre frm the prcedure that fllws.
“The technlgist must build up a stry with the patient," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "The patient is left with the pwer t chse what he wants t talk abut. D yu play sprts? D yu like ging t the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss thrughut the prcedure."
Everything that happens next during the prcedure must be related t this stry — an injectin （注射）becmes the bite f an insect; the heat n the skin becmes the sensatin f the sun and a machine that rings becmes a plice car passing nearby.
“The imprtant thing is that the technlgist assciates what is happening utside the patient's bdy with what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity n the part f the technlgist, imaginatin, a lt f patience and kindness."
The prcedure appealed t the staff a lt when it was intrduced in January. It spread like wildfire that smene frm France was here t train the technlgists," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line f staff at her dr wanting t take the training.
45．One f the results prduced by the trial prject is ________ .
A．a better understanding f children
B．less use f certain medicines
C．new medical-imaging technlgy
D．an imprved reputatin f the hspital
46．The French technlgist came t the children's hspital t ________.
A．assist in treating a patient
B．carry ut hypnsis training
C．start up a new department
D．learn abut the prcedure
47．Accrding t Paragraph 5, hypnsis wrks by ________.
A．creating a perfect wrld fr patients
B．frcing patients int a state f deep sleep
C．putting patients int an uncnscius state
D．leading patients' cnsciusness away frm reality
48．What can we learn abut the stry used in the prcedure?
A．It shuld keep pace with the prcedure.
B．It reflects the patient's creativity.
C．It is selected by the technlgist.
D．It tells what dctrs are ding t the patient.
49．The prcedure was received amng the staff with ________.
A．uncertainty
B．enthusiasm
C．wrry
D．criticism
50．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．An easy way t cmmunicate with patients.
B．The standard methd f cnducting hypnsis.
C．An intrductin f medical-imaging technlgy.
D．The use f hypnsis in medical-imaging prcedures.
2020年阅读理解说明文
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn trees int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water
B. T change cmpsitins f plants
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
24. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence.B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl.D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
25. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age.B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin.D. Child-parent relatinship.
26. Hw d by differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgistD. A teaching prgram.
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes (基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin - nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts (支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land,” said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. “We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,” Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
In2015, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “it seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin,” said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.D. Significance f fd selectin.
33. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the cast.
34. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.D. They lived n bth land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic ResearchD. The Wrld’s Best Divers
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】
Rainfrests are hme t a rich variety f medicinal plants, fd, birds and animals. Can yu believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazn may have mre species f ants than the whle f Britain! Abut 480 varieties f trees may be fund in just ne hectare f rainfrest.
Rainfrests are the lungs f the planet-string vast quantities f carbn dixide and prducing a significant amunt f the wrld's xygen. Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival; the tall trees make a canpy（树冠层）f branches and leaves which prtect themselves, smaller plants, and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat frm the sun and strng winds.
Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way that their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way t prevent the spread f any tree diseases and make life mre difficult fr leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. T survive in the frest, animals must climb, jump r fly acrss the gaps. The grund flr f the frest is nt all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn int fd fr the trees and ther frest life.
They are nt called rainfrests fr nthing! Rainfrests can generate 75%f their wn rain. At least 80 inches f rain a year is nrmal-and in sme areas there may be as much as 430 inches f rain annually. This is real rain-yur umbrella may prtect yu in a shwer, but it wn't keep yu dry if there is a full rainstrm. In just tw hurs, streams can rise ten t twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）f large rainfrests cntributes t the frmatin f raincluds that may travel t ther cuntries in need f rain.
12. What can we learn abut rainfrests frm the first paragraph?
A. They prduce xygen.B. They cver a vast area.
C. They are well managed.D. They are rich in wildlife.
13. Which f the fllwing cntributes mst t the survival f rainfrests?
A. Heavy rainsB. Big trees.
C. Small plants.D. Frest animals.
14. Why d the leaves and branches f different trees avid tuching each ther?
A. Fr mre sunlight.B. Fr mre grwing space.
C. Fr self-prtectin.D. Fr the detectin f insects.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Life-Giving RainfrestsB. The Law f the Jungle
C. Animals in the AmaznD. Weather in Rainfrests
【2020年浙江卷1月】
Tday's wrld is nt an easy adjustment fr yung adults. Key skill set fr success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.
BYU prfessrs Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after fllwing 325 American families ver several years. And ver time，the persistence gained thrugh fathers led t higher achievement in schl.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique rle f fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research als helps t prve that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key t a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need t practice an "authritative" parenting style. Authritative parenting is nt authritarian:rigid，demanding r cntrlling. Rather，an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics:children feel warmth and lve frm their father；respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy(自主权).
In the study，abut 52 percent f the dads exhibited abve-average levels f authritative parenting. A key finding is that ver time，children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence，which leads t better utcmes in schl.
This particular study examined 11 t 14-year-lds living in tw-parent hmes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence，which is an avenue f future research.
27. What is special abut the BYU prfessrs' study?
A. It centered n fathers' rle in parenting.
B. It was based n a number f large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds f parenting styles.
D. It aimed t imprve kids' achievement in schl.
28. What wuld an authritative father d when raising his children?
A. Ignre their demands.B. Make decisins fr them.
C. Cntrl their behavirs.D. Explain the rules t them.
29. Which grup can be a fcus f future studies accrding t the researchers?
A. Single parents.
B. Children aged frm 11 t 14.
C. Authritarian fathers.
D. Mthers in tw-parent hmes.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Three Characteristics f Authritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills fr Yung Adults t Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend t Learn Determinatin frm Father.
D. Family Relatinship Influences Schl Perfrmance.
2022年阅读理解议论文
【2022年北京卷】
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open.B. Cl.C. Useful.D. Resistant.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
2021年阅读理解议论文
【2021年全国甲卷】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
12. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.B. They're cnservative.
C. They're bjective.D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
14. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
【2021年全国乙卷】
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.D. Their cmplex design.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
26. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games.B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes.D. They are attached t their family.
27. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【2021年北京卷】
Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
Frget abut time as an abslute．What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy,we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming．We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes．We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics．It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes．Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet．Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies．
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena．In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn．Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse．
31 What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature．
B. Everyne can define time n their wn terms．
C. The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it．
D. Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists．
32. The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
A. present an assumptinB. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experimentD. intrduce an apprach
33. What can we learn frm this passage？
A. Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life．
B. New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems．
C. Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer．
D. Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers’ tempral frame．
34. What can we infer frm this passage？
A. It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time．
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C. We shuld live in harmny with nature．
D. Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality．
【2021年天津卷第一次】
There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排 除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （视角）int specific fields f expertise （专长）.The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. "I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit."
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
51．T becme a specialist, ne may have t_____.
A．narrw his range f knwledge
B．avid respnsibilities at wrk
C．knw mre abut the sciety
D．braden his perspective n life
52．The specialists mentined in Paragraph 3 tend t______.
A．treasure their freedm
B．travel arund the wrld
C．spend mst time wrking
D．enjy meeting funny peple
53．Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh_____.
A．is fully aware f his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．shuld lve petry and philsphy
D．brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
54．What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A．Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B．In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C．Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
55．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist r Generalist: Hard t Decide
C．Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D．Ways t Becme a Generalist
2020年阅读理解议论文
【2020年江苏卷】
I was in the middle f the Amazn (亚马逊) with my wife, wh was there as a medical researcher. We flew n a small plane t a faraway village. We did nt speak the lcal language, did nt knw the custms, and mre ften than nt, did nt entirely recgnize the fd. We culd nt have felt mre freign.
We were raised n bks and cmputers, highways and cell phnes, but nw we were living in a village withut running water r electricity It was easy fr us t g t sleep at the end f the day feeling a little misunderstd.
Then ne perfect Amaznian evening, with mnkeys calling frm beynd the village green, we played sccer. I am nt gd at sccer, but that evening it was wnderful. Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly. As darkness came ver the field and the match ended, the gal keeper, Juan, walked ver t me and said in a matter-f-fact way, “In yur hme, d yu have a mn t?” I was surprised.
After I explained t Juan that yes, we did have a mn and yes, it was very similar t his, I felt a srt f awe (敬畏) at the pssibilities that existed in his wrld. In Juan’s wrld, each village culd have its wn mn. In Juan’s wrld. the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus. Anything was pssible.
In ur sciety, we knw that Earth has nly ne mn. We have lked at ur planet frm every angle and fund all f the wildest things left t find. I can, frm my cmputer at hme, pull up satellite images f Juan’s village. There are n mre cntinents and n mre mns t search fr, little left t discver. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thught abut Juan’s questin, I was nt sure hw much mre we culd really rule ut. I am, in part, an ant bilgist, s my thughts turned t what we knw abut insect life and I knew that much in the wrld f insects remains unknwn. Hw much, thugh? Hw ignrant (无知的) are we? The questin f what we knw and d nt knw cnstantly bthered me.
I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new mnkey, new spider…, and n and n they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species, fur hundred species f bacteria fund in the human stmach. The secnd drawer began t fill and as it did I wndered whether there were bigger discveries ut there, nt just species, but life that depends n things thught t be useless, life even withut DNA. I started a third drawer fr these big discveries. It fills mre slwly, but all the same, it fills.
In lking int the stries f bilgical discvery, I als began t find smething else, a cllectin f scientists, usually brilliant ccasinally half-mad, wh made the discveries. Thse scientists very ften see the same things that ther scientists see, but they pay mre attentin t them, and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin (穷尽), and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers. In lking fr the stries f discvery, I fund the stries f these peple and hw their lives changed ur view f the wrld.
We are repeatedly willing t imagine we have fund mst f what is left t discver. We used t think that insects were the smallest rganisms (生物), and that nthing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when smething new turns up, mre ften than nt, we d nt even knw its name.
65. Hw did the authr feel n his arrival in the Amazn?
A. Out f place.B. Full f jy.C. Sleepy.D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amaznian evening wnderful?
A. He learned mre abut the lcal language.
B. They had a nice cnversatin with each ther.
C. They understd each ther while playing.
D. He wn the sccer game with the gal keeper.
67. Why was the authr surprised at Juan’s questin abut the mn?
A. The questin was t straightfrward.
B. Juan knew s little abut the wrld.
C. The authr didn’t knw hw t answer.
D. The authr didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the authr’s initial purpse f cllecting newspaper articles?
A. T srt ut what we have knwn.
B. T deepen his research int Amaznians.
C. T imprve his reputatin as a bilgist.
D. T learn mre abut lcal cultures.
69. Hw did thse brilliant scientists make great discveries?
A. They shifted their viewpints frequently.
B. They fllwed ther scientists clsely.
C. They ften criticized their fellw scientists.
D. They cnducted in-depth and clse studies.
70. What culd be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A. The Pssible and the Impssible .
B. The Knwn and the Unknwn .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D. The Ignrant and the Intelligent.
2020年阅读理解新闻报道
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl - ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2001t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick.B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in -law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
30. What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins.B. Financial reprts.C. Published statistics.D. Public pinins.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.