高考英语语法第26讲：阅读高分突破5：词义猜测题的秘密

这是一份高考英语语法第26讲：阅读高分突破5：词义猜测题的秘密，共9页。
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity t the mandrake, a plant that was the t have cme frm Hell （地狱）.What earned the plant its awful reputatin was its rts w lked like a dried-up human bdy ccupied by evil spirits. Tugh the tmat and the man were quite different except that bth had bright red r yellw fruit, the general ppulatin cnsi them ne and the same, t terrible t tuch.
Cautius Eurpeans lng ignred the tmat, and until the early 1700s mst f the We peple cntinued t drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter f a well-knwn plant expert that the mst interesting part f an afternn tea at her father’s huse had been the “intrductin this wnderful new fruit-r is it a vegetable?” As late as the twentieth century sme writers classed tmates with mandrakes as an” evil fruit”.
But in the end tmates carried the day. The her f the tmat was an American named R Jhnsn, and when he was publicly ging t eat the tmat in 1820,peple jurneyed fr hun f miles t watch him drp dead.” What are yu afraid f?” he shuted. ”I’ll shw yu fls these things are gd t eat!” Then he bit int the tmat. Sme peple fainted. But he sur and, accrding t a lcal stry, set up a tmat-canning factry.
68. The tmat was shut ut f the dr f early Eurpeans mainly because ______.
A. it made Christive evil
B. it was the apple f Eden
C. it came frm a frbidden land
D. it was religiusly unacceptable
69. What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3 ?
A. The prcess f ignring the tmat slwed dwn
B. There was little prgress in the study f the tmat
C. The tmat was still refused in mst western cuntries
D. Mst western peple cntinued t get rid f the tmat
70. What is the main reasn fr Rbert Jhnsn t eat the tmat Publicly ?
A. T make himself a her
B. T remve peple’s fear f the tmat
C. T speed up the ppularity f the tmat
D. T persuade peple t buy prducts frm his factry
71. What is the main purpse f the passage ?
A. T challenge peple’s fixed cncept f the tmat
B. T give an explanatin t peple’s dislike f the tmat
C. T present the change f peple’s attitudes t the tmat
D. T shw the prcess f freeing the tmat frm religius influence
第二篇：
In his 1930 essay “Ecnmic Pssibilities fr Our Grandchildren “, Jhn Keynes, ecnmist, rewrte that human needs fall int tw classes: abslute needs ,which are indeed what ther have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superir t ur fellws. He thught althugh relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) this is nt true f abslute
Keynes was surely crrect that nly a small part f ttal spending id decided by the super- irity He was greatly mistaken, hwever, in seeing this derive as the nly surce f demands
Decisins t spend are als driven by ideas f quality which can influence the den almst all gds, including even basic gds like fd. When a cuple ges ut fr an dinner, fr example, the thught f feeling superir t thers prbably never cmes t them. The gal is t share a special meal that stands ut frm ther meals.
There are n bvius limits t the escalatin f demand fr quality. Fr example, Prsche famus car prducer, has a mdel which was cnsidered perhaps the best sprt car n the mark Priced at ver $120,000,it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleratin. But in 200 the prducer intrduced sme changes which made the mdel slightly better in handling acceleratin. Peple wh really care abut cars find these small imprvements exciting. T them, hwever, they must pay almst fur times the price.
By placing the desire t be superir t ther at the heart f his descriptin f negatin demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. Hwever, the desire fr higher quality has natural limits.
72. Accrding t the passage, Jhn Keynes Believed that_______.
A. desire is the rt f bth abslute and relative needs
B. abslute needs cme frm ur sense f superirity
C. relative needs alne lead t insatiable demands
D. abslute needs are strnger than relative needs
73. What d we knw abut the cuple in Paragraph 3?
A. They want t shw their superirity
B. They find specialty imprtant t meals
C. Their demands fr fd are nt easily satisfied.
D. Their chice f dinner is related t ideas f quality.
74.What des the underlined wrd “escalatin” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Understanding. B. Increase C. Difference D. Study
75. The authr f the passage that ______.
A. abslute needs have n limits
B. demands fr quality are nt insatiable
C. human desires influence ideas f quality
D. relative needs decide mst f ur spending
第三篇
Batteries can pwer anything frm small sensrs t large systems. While scientists are finding ways t make them smaller but even mre pwerful, prblems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University f Missuri(MU) researchers are develping a nuclear energy surce that is smaller, lighter and mre efficient.
“T prvide enugh pwer, we need certain methds with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwn, assistant prfessr f electrical and cmputer engineering at MU. “The radiistpe(放射性同位素) battery can prvide pwer density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Kwn and his research team have been wrking n building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness f a penny, intended t pwer varius micr / nanelectrmechanreal systems (M/NEMS). Althugh nuclear batteries can cause cncerns, Kwn said they are safe.
“Peple hear the wrd ‘nuclear’ and think f smething very dangerus,” he said, “Hwever, nuclear pwer surces have already been safely pwering a variety f devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”
His new idea is nt nly in the battery’s size, but als in its semicnductr(半导体). Kwn’s battery uses a liquid semicnductr rather than a slid semicnductr.
“The key part f using a radiactive battery is that when yu harvest the energy, part f the radiatin energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) f the slid semicnductr,” Kwn said, “By using a liquid semicnductr, we believe we can minimize that prblem.”
Tgether with J. David Rbertsn, chemistry prfessr and assciate directr f the MU Research Reactr, Kwn is wrking t build and test the battery. In the future, they hpe t increase the battery’s pwer, shrink its size and try with varius ther materials. Kwn said that battery culd be thinner than the thickness f human hair.
71. Which f the fllwing is true f Jae Kwn?
A. He teaches chemistry at MU.
B. He develped a chemical battery.
C. He is wrking n a nuclear energy surce.
D. He made a breakthrugh in cmputer engineering.
72. Jae Kwn gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.
A. t shw chemical batteries are widely applied.
B. t intrduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.
C. t describe a nuclear-pwered system.
D. t intrduce varius energy surces.
73. Liquid semicnductr is used t _________.
A. get rid f the radiactive waste
B. test the pwer f nuclear batteries.
C. decrease the size f nuclear batteries
D. reduce the damage t lattice structure.
74. Accrding t Jae Kwn, his nuclear battery _______.
A. uses a slid semicnductr
B. will sn replace the present nes.
C. culd be extremely thin
D. has passed the final test.
75. The text is mst prbably a ________.
A. science news reprt B. bk review
C. newspaper ad D. science fictin stry
第四篇
Olaf Stapledn wrte a bk called First and Last Men，in which he lked millins f years ahead.He tld f different men and f strange civilisatins（文明），brken up by lng“dark ages”in between.In his view，what is called the present time is n mre than a mment in human histry and we are just the First Men.In 2，000 millin years frm nw there will be the Eighteenth r Last Men.
Hwever，mst f ur ideas abut the future are really very shrt-sighted.
Perhaps we can see sme pssibilities fr the next fifty years.But the next hundred？The next thusand？The next millin？That’s much mre difficult.
When men and wmen lived by hunting 50,000 years ag，hw culd they even begin t picture mdern life？Yet t men f 50,000 years frm nw，we may seem as primitive（原始的）in ur ideas as the Stne-Age hunters d t us. Perhaps they will spend their days gllcking t make new spundels，r struggling with their ballalatrs thrugh the cribe. These wrds，which I have just made up，have t stand fr things and ideas that we simply can’t think f.
S why bther even t try imagining life far in the future？Here are tw reasns. Frist，unless we remember hw shrt ur wn lives are cmpared with the whle human histry，we are likely t think ur wn interests are much mre imprtant than they really are. If we make the earth a pr place t live n because we are careless r greedy（贪婪）r quarrelsme，ur grandchildren will nt bther t think f excuses fr us.
Secnd，by trying t escape frm present interests and imagine life far in the future，we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use urselves. Fr example，if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming，we can think f trying it nw. S set yur imaginatin free when yu think abut the future.
63.A particular mentin made f Stapledn’s bk in the pening paragraph .
A. serves as a descriptin f human histry
B. serves as an intrductin t the discussin
C. shws a disagreement f views
D. shws the ppularity f the bk
64.The text discusses men and wmen 50,000 years ag and 50,000 years frm nw in rder t shw that .
A. human histry is extremely lng
B. life has changed a great deal
C. it is useless t plan fr the next 50 years
D. it is difficult t tell what will happen in the future
65.Spundels and ballalatrs are used in the text t refer t .
A. tls used in farming
B. ideas abut mdern life
C. unknwn things in the future
D. hunting skills in the Stne Age
66.Accrding t the writer f the text，imagining the future will .
A. serve the interests f the present and future generatins
B. enable us t better understand human histry
C. help us t imprve farming
D. make life wrth living
参考答案：
第一篇：
68.答案:D
解析:根据短文第1段内容可知，西红柿被被教徒们认为是邪恶的水果，而被御之门外。由此可知，D选项内容与文意相符。因此，正确答案为D选项。
69.答案:C
解析:短文第3段提到“Cautius Eurpeans lng ignred the tmat, and until the early 1700s…”。由此结合语境可知，西红柿在大部分西方国家仍然遭受拒绝。C选项内容与此相符。因此，正确答案为C选项。
70.答案:B
解析:根据短文最后一段内容可知，Rbert Jhnsn当众吃西红柿的主要原因在于他想让人们摆脱对西红柿的恐惧。因此，正确答案为B选项。
71.答案:C
解析:浏览全文，短文主要介绍的是人们对于西红柿的态度的变化，从不接受到最后接收。由此可知，C选项符合文意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
第二篇：
72. 答案:C
【试题解析】短文第段提到“He thught althugh relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) this is nt true f abslute”。由此可知，C选项内容与此相符。因此，正确答案为C选项。
73. 答案:D
解析:短文第3段提到“The gal is t share a special meal that stands ut frm ther meals.”。由此可知，这对夫妇出去就餐的只是改善一下。在四个选项中，D选项内容与此相符。因此，正确答案为D选项。
74. 答案:B
解析:根据短文，人们对于质量的需要呈上升的趋势，由此可推测划线词的词义与B选项的词义相符。因此，正确答案为B选项。
75. 答案:A
解析:浏览全文，短文主要探讨的是绝对需要无止境，A选项与此相符。因此，正确答案为A选项。
第三篇：
71.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的叙述可知Kwn在研究一种原子能电池，所以C项正确。
答案:C
72.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知Kwn举例的目的是为了说明原子能电池是安全的，所以B项正确。
答案:B
73.解析：细节理解题。根据By using a liquid semicnductr, we believe we can minimize that prblem可知D项正确。
答案:D
74.解析：细节理解题。根据Kwn said that battery culd be thinner than the thickness f human hair可知C项正确。
答案:C
75.解析：推理判断题。本文讲述了Kwn的原子能电池的有关情况，文章体裁应属于科普文章，所以A项正确。
答案:A
第四篇：
63.B 64.D 65.C 66.A