2024年高考真题和模拟题英语分类汇编（全国通用）专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文 (解析版)

这是一份2024年高考真题和模拟题英语分类汇编（全国通用）专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文 (解析版)，共36页。


Passage1
【新课标Ⅰ卷】Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n”. The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
28. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
29. What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
30. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students' attentin.B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C. They help develp advanced skills.D. They are mre infrmative than text.
31. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C
【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine thrugh应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallwing hypthesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallwing hypthesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
Passage2
【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
8. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
9. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
10. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
Passage3
【新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
Passage4
【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
12. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
13. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
14. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
15. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。Passage5
Passage6
【2024全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
4. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
5. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.C. Act strangely.D. D better.
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther’s attentin and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a ntch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Yur Cat’s Behavir(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。
Passage7
【2024全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域)f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
8. Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains?
A. It runs acrss cuntries.B. It reserves seats fr the senirs.
C. It functins as a hspital.D. It travels alng a river.
9. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.D. It needs medical aid.
10. Hw lng can the Saint Lukas wrk with ne supply?
A. Abut a year.B. Abut ten mnths.
C. Abut tw mnths.D. Abut tw weeks.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。
【8题详解】
细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr's appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题，根据第四段“Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。
【11题详解】
推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
Passage8
【2024全国甲卷】“I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt. He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters, endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn’t have a traditinally psitive utcme. Of curse, I wuld have preferred a different ending fr Tm and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they gt did make the mst sense fr them.
This was an aha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.
This issue wn’t tell yu what yur ending shuld be—that’s up t yu and the stry yu’re telling—bu it might prvide what yu need t get there.
12. Why did the authr g t Prf. Gracie?
A. T discuss a nvel.B. T submit a bk reprt.
C. T argue fr a writer.D. T ask fr a reading list.
13. What did the authr realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter f persnal preferences.
B. Readers are ften carried away by character.
C. Each type f literature has its unique end.
D. A stry which begins well will end well.
14. What is expected f a gd ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste.B. It fits with the stry develpment.
C. It is usually psitive.D. It is pen fr imaginatin.
15. Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?
A. T give examples f great nvelists.B. T stress the theme f this issue.
C. T encurage writing fr the magazine.D. T recmmend their new bks.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。
Passage9
Passage10
2024年名校模拟题
Passage1
（2024·江苏南通·三模）In a recent study f healthy vlunteers, Natinal Institutes f Health researchers discvered that ur brains may replay memries f learning new skills when we rest.
NIH researchers have mapped ut the brain activity that flws when we learn a new skill, such as playing a new sng n the pian, and fund that during shrt rest the vlunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versins f the activity seen while they practiced typing a cde. The mre a vlunteer replayed the activity the better they perfrmed during subsequent practice sessins.
The study was cnducted at the NIH Clinical Center. The team f Dr. Chen, M.D．, senir investigatr at the NIH’s Natinal Institute f Neurlgical Disrders and Strke (NINDS), used a highly sensitive scanning technique t recrd the brain waves f 33 healthy, right-handed vlunteers as they learned t type a five-digit test cde with their left hands. The subjects sat in a chair and under the scanner’s lng, cne-shaped cap. An experiment began when a subject was shwn the cde “41234” n a screen and asked t type it ut as many times as pssible fr 10 secnds and then take a 10 secnd break. Subjects were asked t repeat this cycle f alternating (交替的) practice and rest sessins a ttal f 35 times.
During the first few trials, the speed at which subjects crrectly typed the cde imprved dramatically and then leveled ff arund the 11th cycle. In a previus study, Dr. Chen’s team shwed that mst f these gains happened during shrt rests, and nt when the subjects were typing. Mrever, the gains were greater than thse made after a night’s sleep and were related with a decrease in the size f brain waves, called beta rhythms. In this new reprt, the researchers searched fr smething different in the subjects’ brain waves.
“We wanted t explre the mechanisms (机制) behind memry strengthening seen during wakeful rest. Several frms f memry appear t rely n the replaying f neural (神经的) activity, s we decided t test this idea ut fr prcedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch, Ph.D．, a staff scientist n Dr. Chen’s team and leader f the study. T d this, Dr. Buch develped a cmputer prgram which allwed the team t understand the brain wave activity assciated with typing each number in the test cde.
Interestingly, they fund that the mre a vlunteer replayed, the better their perfrmance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, ur results supprt the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a pwerful tl that researchers can use t help individuals learn new skills faster and pssibly facilitate recvery frm strke.” said Dr. Chen.
8．What have NIH researchers recently fund?
A．The brain activity slwly flws when we learn a new skill.
B．The value f shrt practice sessins can’t be verestimated.
C．Shrt rest makes n difference t the neural replay f the activity.
D．The frequency f brain replay cntributes t practice perfrmances.
9．What is mainly talked abut in Paragraph 3?
A．The prcess f the research.
B．The facilities f the research.
C．The applicatin f the research.
D．The preparatins f the research.
10．Why did Dr. Buch develp a cmputer prgram?
A．T distinguish the first 11 cycles frm the later nes.
B．T cnfirm the rle f neural replay in skill learning.
C．T explre the ptential effects f prcedural learning.
D．T find ut the reasns fr the changes in brain waves.
11．What des Dr. Chen think f the research findings?
A．Acceptable.
B．Prmising.
C．Shallw.
D．Dismissive.
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一研究中，研究人员发现当人们休息时，大脑可能会重放学习新技能的记忆。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“NIH researchers have mapped ut the brain activity that flws when we learn a new skill, such as playing a new sng n the pian, and fund that during shrt rest the vlunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versins f the activity seen while they practiced typing a cde. The mre a vlunteer replayed the activity the better they perfrmed during subsequent practice sessins. (美国国立卫生研究院的研究人员绘制出了我们学习一项新技能时的大脑活动，比如在钢琴上弹奏一首新歌。他们发现，在短暂的休息期间，志愿者的大脑会快速地、反复地重播他们练习打字时看到的更快版本的活动。志愿者重复练习的次数越多，他们在随后的练习中表现就越好)”可知，美国国立卫生研究院的研究人员最近发现大脑回放的频率有助于练习表现。故选D。
9．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The study was cnducted at the NIH Clinical Center. The team f Dr. Chen, M.D., senir investigatr at the NIH’s Natinal Institute f Neurlgical Disrders and Strke (NINDS), used a highly sensitive scanning technique t recrd the brain waves f 33 healthy, right-handed vlunteers as they learned t type a five-digit test cde with their left hands. The subjects sat in a chair and under the scanner’s lng, cne-shaped cap. An experiment began when a subject was shwn the cde “41234” n a screen and asked t type it ut as many times as pssible fr 10 secnds and then take a 10 secnd break. Subjects were asked t repeat this cycle f alternating (交替的) practice and rest sessins a ttal f 35 times. (这项研究在美国国立卫生研究院临床中心进行。科恩博士是美国国立卫生研究院国家神经疾病和中风研究所(NINDS)的高级研究员，他的团队使用了一种高度敏感的扫描技术，记录了33名健康的右撇子志愿者在学习用左手输入五位数测试代码时的脑电波。受试者坐在椅子上，在扫描仪的长锥形帽下。实验开始时，受试者在屏幕上看到代码“41234”，并被要求在10秒内尽可能多地输入该代码，然后休息10秒。受试者被要求重复这种交替练习和休息的循环，总共35次)”可知，本段在介绍研究的过程。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段““We wanted t explre the mechanisms (机制) behind memry strengthening seen during wakeful rest. Several frms f memry appear t rely n the replaying f neural (神经的) activity, s we decided t test this idea ut fr prcedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch, Ph.D., a staff scientist n Dr. Chen’s team and leader f the study. T d this, Dr. Buch develped a cmputer prgram which allwed the team t understand the brain wave activity assciated with typing each number in the test cde. (“我们想探索清醒休息期间记忆增强背后的机制。有几种形式的记忆似乎依赖于神经活动的重演，所以我们决定在程序技能学习中验证这个想法，”科恩团队的一名科学家、该研究的负责人Ethan R. Buch博士说。为了做到这一点，布赫博士开发了一个计算机程序，使团队能够了解与输入测试代码中的每个数字相关的脑电波活动)”可知，Buch博士要开发一个计算机程序是为了确认神经重放在技能学习中的作用。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Interestingly, they fund that the mre a vlunteer replayed, the better their perfrmance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, ur results supprt the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a pwerful tl that researchers can use t help individuals learn new skills faster and pssibly facilitate recvery frm strke.” said Dr. Chen. (有趣的是，他们发现志愿者重复播放的次数越多，他们的表现就越好。“我们对最后的结果感到有点惊讶。总的来说，我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即在清醒休息期间的重放活动可能是一种强大的工具，研究人员可以使用它来帮助个人更快地学习新技能，并可能促进中风后的恢复。”Chen博士说)”可推知，Chen博士对研究结果是认同的。故选A。
Passage2
（2024·重庆·三模）In Oceanside, a castal suburb abut 40 miles nrth f San Dieg, the palm trees wave and the temperature is almst perfect. Teenagers watch surfers ride glassy waves. Every day it feels like the mst perfect summer day. There is just ne prblem: The sand is disappearing.
While many visitrs, and even lifelng Califrnians in the industrial state, might see wide areas f sand as part f the state’s natural beauty, the reality is that ver decades, the cast has becme a highly engineered wnder. Millins f cubic yards f sand dug frm ther parts has been added in the last century t build the pstcard-wrthy beach like the ne in Santa Mnica.
But a range f frces have shrunk beaches all alng Califrnia’s castline. Califrnia culd lse as much as 75% f its beaches by 2100, given the sea level rise related t climate change. Over time, beach sand gets s wept up int the water. Sme f it mves twards ther beaches. Besides, dams and cncrete canals have reduced the amunt f river sediment (沉淀物) flwing dwnstream that culd help fill beaches as a supplement (补充). If the shreline were allwed t evlve withut human interventin, the beaches culd cntinue t exist as we knw them. But in Califrnia, the develpment in many places alng the cast has created a hard barrier, disturbing that natural evlutin.
Over the years, lcal gvernments wrked tgether n a few majr sand supplement prjects. But thse, still, have prved t be fleeting slutins. “Everything we d is a shrt-term fix,” said Gary Griggers, a prfessr specializing in castal science. In recent years, as the sand’s disappearance grew mre extreme, lngtime Oceanside residents frmed an rganizatin called Save Oceanside Sand. A beach twn cannt exist withut a beach. Leaders here launched sme internatinal design cmpetitins, aiming at finding new ways f getting and keeping sand n the city’s beaches.
“It’s really a race. I think there’s abslutely nthing we can d t hld back the Pacific Ocean,” said Gairy Griggers.
8．What des the authr mean by mentining the engineered wnder?
A．Mst visitrs are engineers.B．Califrnia is an industrial state.
C．It’s the perfect hliday vacatin.D．The beach is artificially maintained.
9．What is a reasn fr the crisis f beaches alng Califrnia’s castline?
A．Sand supplement has been added.B．Sea level rise results in climate change.
C．Much river sediment is flwing dwnstream.D．Human interventin blcks the natural evlutin.
10．What des the underlined wrd “fleeting” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Efficient.B．Temprary.C．Sustainable.D．Cmplex.
11．Which f the fllwing was dne t preserve Califrnian beaches?
A．Design cntests were held.B．Dams and canals were built.
C．Man-made beaches were expanded.D．Sand-themed pstcards were published.
【答案】8．D 9．D 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在圣地亚哥以北约40英里的海滨郊区，有一片怡人沙滩。殊不知，这片游客眼中的“自然风光”竟是人工造景。几十年来，这片沙滩的沙子在不断减少，当地的人们尝试了各种各样的方法，以拯救这片美丽的沙滩。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Millins f cubic yards f sand dug frm ther parts has been added in the last century t build the pstcard-wrthy beach like the ne in Santa Mnica.(在上个世纪，从其他地方挖出的数百万立方码的沙子被添加进去，建造了像圣莫尼卡那样值得明信片的海滩)”可知，这片沙滩的沙子是从别处搬来的，是靠人工维持的。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“If the shreline were allwed t evlve withut human interventin, the beaches culd cntinue t exist as we knw them.(如果允许海岸线在没有人为干预的情况下进化，海滩可以继续以我们所知道的方式存在)”可知，人为干预阻碍了沙滩的自然进化，给沙滩带来了危机。故选D。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“Everything we d is a shrt-term fix(我们所做的一切都是短期的解决办法)”可知，这些解决方法都是短暂的。故划线词意思是“短暂的”。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Leaders here launched sme internatinal design cmpetitins, aiming at finding new ways f getting and keeping sand n the city’s beaches.(这里的领导人发起了一些国际设计竞赛，旨在寻找新的方法来获取和保持城市海滩上的沙子)”可知，人们举行了一些国际的设计比赛活动，来拯救沙滩。故选A。
Passage3
（2024·山西·模拟预测）A team f scientists frm the Center fr Cgnitin and Sciality and the Data Science Grup at the Institute fr Basic Science (IBS) made an exciting discvery abut hw cmputers and human brains wrk similarly when remembering things. They fund ut that the way artificial intelligence (AI) mdels, like thse in smart rbts, stre memries is a lt like hw ur brain’s memry center, called the hippcampus (海马体), des it. This part f the brain is really imprtant fr feelings and memries.
Understanding hw AI learns and keeps infrmatin is key t making it smarter. The scientists lked int hw ur brains learn and remember by fcusing n a special prcess invlving the NMDA receptr, a critical part f the hippcampus. This receptr wrks like a smart dr in ur brain that helps with learning and remembering. It pens when certain brain chemicals are present, allwing the cell t receive signals and create memries. A specific element, magnesium, acts like a guard, nly letting substances in under the right cnditins.
Interestingly, the team fund that Transfrmer, a type f AI mdel, uses a similar “guarding” methd t manage its memry. They wndered if they culd make the Transfrmer’s memry better by cpying the brain’s prcess. By adjusting sme settings in the Transfrmer t mimic (模拟、模仿) the brain’s memry dr, they imprved its ability t remember things lng-term, just like adjusting magnesium levels can affect hw well we remember stuff.
This discvery is a big deal because it shws we can use what we knw abut the brain t make AI smarter. C． Justin LEE, a neurscience (神经学) directr at the institute, mentined that this research was a big step frward fr bth AI and brain science. It pens up new ways t understand hw the brain wrks and t create mre advanced AI based n these insights.
S, in simple terms, scientists have figured ut that cmputers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar t us, which culd help make them even smarter in the future.
12．What des the term “NMDA receptr” in paragraph 2 mst likely refer t?
A．A type f cmputer virus that attacks AI systems.
B．A new technlgy fr making cmputers run faster.
C．A cmpnent in AI mdels that predicts future events.
D．A part f the human brain invlved in learning and memry.
13．What did the team discver abut Transfrmer?
A．It directly mimics the brain’s memry prcess.
B．It is unaffected by changes in memry settings.
C．It uses a special methd t manage memry.
D．It requires adjustments t enhance lng-term memry.
14．What is the significance f the research findings accrding t C． Justin LEE?
A．It is a new apprach t memry rganizatin.
B．It is a crucial step in advancing AI and neurscience.
C．It is a methd fr imprving shrt-term memry in AI.
D．It is a breakthrugh in understanding AI emtinal prcessing.
15．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Explring the NMDA receptr in the brain.
B．Discussing implicatins f neurscience fr AI.
C．Cmparing cmputer and human memry prcesses.
D．Discvering similarities between AI and human memry.
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现人工智能记忆存储方式与人脑海马体相似，并通过模仿大脑记忆机制改进了AI模型的记忆能力，促进了AI与脑科学的发展。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This receptr wrks like a smart dr in ur brain that helps with learning and remembering.(这种受体就像我们大脑中的一扇智能门，帮助我们学习和记忆)”可知，“NMDA receptr”是人脑中参与学习和记忆的一部分。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Interestingly, the team fund that Transfrmer, a type f AI mdel, uses a similar “guarding” methd t manage its memry.(有趣的是，研究小组发现，Transfrmer是一种人工智能模型，它使用类似的“保护”方法来管理内存)”可知，Transfrmer使用了一种类似于保护的特殊方法来管理其内存。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“C. Justin LEE, a neurscience (神经学) directr at the institute, mentined that this research was a big step frward fr bth AI and brain science. (C. Justin LEE，该研究所的神经科学主任表示，这项研究对于人工智能和脑科学都是一个重大的进展)”可知，他认为这些研究发现的重要意义在于这项研究发现推进了AI和神经科学的关键步骤。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段“S, in simple terms, scientists have figured ut that cmputers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar t us, which culd help make them even smarter in the future.(所以，简单来说，科学家们已经发现计算机能够以和我们惊人相似的方式学习和记忆，这可能有助于它们在未来变得更加智能。)”可知，整篇文章的中心思想是关于在人工智能和人类记忆之间发现的相似性，D选项“发现人工智能与人类记忆之间的相似之处”准确总结了文章的中心思想。故选D。
Passage4
（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）Gethermal (地热的) pwer generatin is ne f ur mst stable renewable energy resurces. Heat generated belw the Earth’s surface can prvide an almst unlimited supply t pwer and heat hmes. And while gethermal electricity nly accunts fr arund ne percent f glbal generatin, that is set t at least triple by 2050.
The Geysers in Califrnia is the wrld’s largest gethermal electricity cmplex. It prduces enugh electricity frm its 18 pwer plants fr 725,000 hmes, ttaling 20 percent f the state’s renewable energy. Superheated “dry steam” is channeled frm a large sandstne reservir heated by a large magma chamber (岩浆房) mre than fur miles beneath the surface.
Heat is captured frm its passage thrugh the rck and the heated water cnverts int electricity. Cled water is then recycled and pumped back t gather mre heat. EGS (enhanced gethermal systems) technlgies will pen up many mre sites fr gethermal energy. “Yu can effectively put a pwer plant anywhere,” said Will Pettit, directr f the Gethermal Resurces Cuncil. “All yu have t d is drill deep enugh and yu will find ht rck.”
Mst gethermal plants actually use a flash steam technique, where ht water (at 360F r 180C) is drawn up, passed int lwer pressure tanks and flashed int steam t pwer a turbine (涡轮机). Binary cycle (双元循环) plants are the grwth technlgy because they can perate at lwer water temperatures and mre diverse gegraphical lcatins. They use mderately ht water t heat a secndary fluid with a lwer biling pint—as lw as 135F—t drive turbines.
Gethermal plants already emit 11 times less carbn dixide per unit f electricity than the average US cal pwer plant. They can als perate 24 hurs a day t prvide a slid base lad fr hmes and businesses.
There are drawbacks t. Seismic activity arund drilling wells is a factr. High investment csts are anther. But the US gvernment is backing the sectr with multi-millin dllar funds t push frward advanced EGS research. Gethermal energy is set t play a big part in the lw-carbn electricity future.
8．What is the significance f EGS (enhanced gethermal systems) technlgies?
A．They have made gethermal energy less sustainable.
B．They have greatly reduced the need fr drilling in gethermal sites.
C．They allw fr mre efficient use f gethermal resurces.
D．They have pened up new methds f generating electricity frm water.
9．What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A．Pwer plants are nt affected by water.
B．Ht water is used t pwer a turbine directly.
C．Binary cycle plants are less restricted t sites.
D．A flash steam technique is a must in gethermal plants.
10．What des the authr think f gethermal pwer?
A．Perfect.B．limited .C．impractical.D．prmising.
11．What is the main idea f the article?
A．Businesses have been cmpeting t gain an advantage in gethermal pwer.
B．Gethermal pwer is likely t be a great chance t sustainable pwer.
C．Traditinal pwer has been replaced by gethermal pwer in America.
D．EGS technlgies have cme int widespread applicatin arund the wrld.
【答案】8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地热发电的概念、工作原理、应用实例以及优缺点。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“EGS (enhanced gethermal systems) technlgies will pen up many mre sites fr gethermal energy. “Yu can effectively put a pwer plant anywhere,” said Will Pettit, directr f the Gethermal Resurces Cuncil. “All yu have t d is drill deep enugh and yu will find ht rck.”(增强型地热系统(EGS)技术将为地热能源开辟更多的场所。“你可以在任何地方建立发电厂，”地热资源委员会主任Will Pettit说。“你所要做的就是钻得足够深，你就会找到热岩石。”)”可知，EGS技术能够开辟更多的地热能源场地，使得人们可以在更多地方建立发电厂。因此，EGS技术的意义在于它们使得地热资源的利用更加高效。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Binary cycle (双元循环) plants are the grwth technlgy because they can perate at lwer water temperatures and mre diverse gegraphical lcatins. They use mderately ht water t heat a secndary fluid with a lwer biling pint—as lw as 135F—t drive turbines.(双元循环发电厂是增长的技术，因为它们可以在更低的水温和更多不同的地理位置运行。它们使用温度适中的热水加热沸点较低的二次流体——低至135华氏度——以驱动涡轮机。)”可知，双元循环发电厂是增长的技术，它们可以在更低的水温和更多不同的地理位置运行。由此可知，双元循环发电厂对地点的限制较少。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Gethermal (地热的) pwer generatin is ne f ur mst stable renewable energy resurces. Heat generated belw the Earth’s surface can prvide an almst unlimited supply t pwer and heat hmes. And while gethermal electricity nly accunts fr arund ne percent f glbal generatin, that is set t at least triple by 2050.(地热发电是我们最稳定的可再生能源之一。地球表面以下产生的热量可以为家庭提供几乎无限的电力和供暖。虽然地热发电只占全球发电量的1%左右，但到2050年，这一比例将至少增加两倍。)”以及全文内容可知，文章强调了地热发电作为最稳定的可再生能源之一的重要性，并提到了地热发电在全球发电量的占比预计将在未来有所增加。由此可知，作者认为地热是有前途的。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Gethermal (地热的) pwer generatin is ne f ur mst stable renewable energy resurces. Heat generated belw the Earth’s surface can prvide an almst unlimited supply t pwer and heat hmes. And while gethermal electricity nly accunts fr arund ne percent f glbal generatin, that is set t at least triple by 2050.(地热发电是我们最稳定的可再生能源之一。地球表面以下产生的热量可以为家庭提供几乎无限的电力和供暖。虽然地热发电只占全球发电量的1%左右，但到2050年，这一比例将至少增加两倍。)”以及最后一段“But the US gvernment is backing the sectr with multi-millin dllar funds t push frward advanced EGS research. Gethermal energy is set t play a big part in the lw-carbn electricity future. (但美国政府正以数百万美元的资金支持该行业，以推动先进的EGS研究。地热能将在未来的低碳电力中扮演重要角色。)”可知，文章主要介绍了地热发电作为一种可持续能源的重要性、工作原理、应用实例、优缺点以及未来的发展前景。从文章的描述中，我们可以看到地热发电作为一种稳定且几乎无限的可再生能源，为电力和家庭供暖提供了丰富的能源供应。尽管目前地热电力在全球发电量的占比还较小，但预计未来这一比例将会有所增加。因此，文章的主要思想是地热发电有可能成为可持续能源的一个重要机遇。故选B项。
Passage5
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rgues (疯狗浪), called “extreme strm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerus waves that are at least twice as high as the ther waves arund them, accrding t the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA). These abnrmal waves, which happen every day and all ver the wrld, are highly unpredictable and can destry ships that meet with them.
Rgue waves appear t frm when large rugh waves pass thrugh ne anther, cmbining t frm huge walls f water, accrding t NOAA．Hwever, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ wrth f cean data including histrical recrds and data frm buys (浮标) in 158 lcatins arund the wrld, researchers have nw created a system fr predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a cmbinatin f many factrs that, until nw, have nt been cmbined int a single risk assessment,” said lead authr Din Häfner. Häfner and his c-wrkers mapped the factrs that may lead t rgue waves and used AI t make a single mdel that culd determine the likelihd that a rgue wave will frm.
The team trained a neural netwrk using histrical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes f rgue waves by itself and culd wrk t predict them. But the AI’s methds were hid in a black bx. This means scientists culdn’t knw hw the AI did its wrkings. S Häfner’s team applied anther frm f machine learning, which prduced an equatin (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single predictin, helping the researchers t understand hw the AI reached its predictins.
“Our analysis demnstrates that abnrmal waves ccur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in ur data set that can be defined as rgue waves,” Häfner said. This system effectively shws the sign f a rgue wave, Häfner added, and can better prtect ships frm being destryed as the sail arund the wrld. Ship cmpanies can use the device with the system t predict when and where rgue waves might arise t seek an alternative curse.
8．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By using an example.B．By giving a definitin.
C．By drawing a cmparisn.D．By making an assumptin.
9．What can the system d accrding t paragraph 2?
A．Mnitr huge sea creatures.B．Guide ships arund in the sea.
C．Prevent ruge waves frm ccurring.D．Frecast the hitting f rgue waves.
10．What is the disadvantage f the AI’s methds?
A．They aren’t visually available.B．They depend n t many factrs.
C．They make inaccurate predictins.D．They dn’t prcess data systematically.
11．Hw des Häfner find the system?
A．It requires mre field tests.B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further imprvement.D．It has a prmising future.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪。研究人员发明了一个系统，该系统可以有效显示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地保护在世界各地航行的船只免受破坏。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Rgues (疯狗浪), called “extreme strm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerus waves that are at least twice as high as the ther waves arund them, accrding t the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA). These abnrmal waves, which happen every day and all ver the wrld, are highly unpredictable and can destry ships that meet with them.(据美国国家海洋和大气管理局称，“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪，其高度至少是周围其他海浪的两倍。这些异常的海浪在世界各地每天都有发生，非常难以预测，可能会摧毁遇到它们的船只。)” 再结合下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对“疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“why and where they appear is unclear…researchers have nw created a system fr predicting these ‘huge beasts’.( 它们出现的原因和地点尚不清楚。但是，利用700年来的海洋数据，包括历史记录和来自世界各地158个地点的浮标数据，研究人员现在创建了一个预测这些“巨兽”的系统。)”可知，疯狗浪出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，因此，研究人员创建了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the AI’s methds were hid in a black bx. This means scientists culdn’t knw hw the AI did its wrkings.(但人工智能的方法隐藏在一个黑盒子里。这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。)”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This system effectively shws the sign f a rgue wave, Häfner added, and can better prtect ships frm being destryed as the sail arund the wrld. Ship cmpanies can use the device with the system t predict when and where rgue waves might arise t seek an alternative curse.( Häfner补充说：“该系统可以有效地显示异常浪的迹象，并且可以更好地保护航行在世界各地的船只。船只公司可以使用该设备和该系统来预测何时何地可能出现异常海浪，以寻求替代航线。”)”可知，他认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。故选D。
Passage6
（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Nt Peninsula (能登半岛) n the cuntry’s western edge n Mnday. Mre than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it ne f the mst earthquake-prne cuntries in the wrld.
Many scientists have lng cnsidered earthquake frecasting t be impssible. But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.
Last fall, researchers at the University f Texas at Austin increased such hpes fr earthquake predictin with a seven-mnth trial in China. In all, the algrithm (演算法) successfully frecast 14 earthquakes, each within abut 200 miles f its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed ne quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part f an internatinal A．I.-design cmpetitin, ne f a few such events held in recent years t advance earthquake predictin technlgies.
Sergey Fmel, a gescientist at UT Austin and a member f the research team, says in a statement. “We’re nt yet clse t making predictins fr anywhere in the wrld, but what we achieved tells us that what we thught was an impssible prblem is slvable in principle.”
Additinally, machine learning culd help detect hidden patterns in data r cllect mre data t better infrm earthquake frecasting, Hutchisn writes fr MIT Technlgy Review. Fr example, sme researchers are shwing hw A．I. might use recrdings frm a specific seismic site t anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural netwrks t predict where aftershcks may ccur after an initial strike. And thers are using machine learning t identify and extract seismic waves—the vibratins that spread thrugh the earth during tectnic activity (构造活动)—frm ther nises in the grund.
12．What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A．T explain a cncept.B．T intrduce a new tpic.
C．T supply a summary.D．T prvide an example.
13．What made sme researchers ptimistic abut the earthquake frecasting?
A．The recent prgress in theries.B．The use f traditinal methds.
C．The increasing number f earthquakes.D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
14．What d we knw frm the third paragraph?
A．The trial was cnducted by Chinese.B．The algrithm was ttally successful.
C．A．I. shws prmise in earthquake predictin.D．The A．I. cmpetitin nly fcused n earthquakes.
15．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Japan’s Vulnerability t EarthquakesB．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impssibility f Earthquake PredictinD．Internatinal Effrts t Predict Earthquakes
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Nt Peninsula (能登半岛) n the cuntry’s western edge n Mnday. Mre than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it ne f the mst earthquake-prne cuntries in the wrld.(在日本，新的一年从灾难中开始，周一，该国西部边缘的诺托半岛发生了7.5级地震。日本地下有2000多条活动断层带，使其成为世界上地震最频繁的国家之一)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入一个新话题。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.(但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”可知，人工智能的进步让一些研究人员对地震预报持乐观态度。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“In all, the algrithm (演算法) successfully frecast 14 earthquakes, each within abut 200 miles f its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed ne quake and predicted eight that never happened.(该算法总共成功预测了14次地震，每次地震都在震中200英里以内。与此同时，它错过了一次地震，并预测了8次从未发生的地震)”可知，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Many scientists have lng cnsidered earthquake frecasting t be impssible. But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.(许多科学家一直认为地震预报是不可能的。但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”结合文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。可知，B选项“预测地震的帮手——人工智能”最符合文章标题。故选B。
Passage7
（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）Huddled in small grups arund laptps, 20 Brazilian teenagers are using an app t build a skill that’s vital t the future f their entire cmmunity. The teenagers belng t the Guarani indigenus (本地的) peple and they are fluent in speaking bth Prtuguese and their mther tngue, Guarani Mbya. But when it cmes t writing, they ften use Prtuguese as that’s what they were first taught t write in, putting the Guarani Mbya language in its written frm at risk f disappearing. But since March f this year, they’ve been using an app t imprve their ability t write in Guarani Mbya. The app is part f a prject funded by IBM t create AI tls t help preserve and expand the use f indigenus languages in Brazil.
Of the 7,000 r s languages that exist in the wrld, abut a fifth are thught t be endangered, with the United Natins estimating that half f these will be extinct by 2100 — the majrity being indigenus languages. The mvement t prevent indigenus languages frm disappearing has prmpted a number f tech-centric language preservatin and expansin prjects. Fr example, in New Zealand, an app has been develped t cllect ral recrdings f indigenus languages acrss the regin t help speakers bst their everyday use f their native language.
But embracing technlgy and the desire t prtect culture and language are ften at dds in indigenus cmmunities, as Dr. Burbank has bserved. “A minrity grup that’s fighting t preserve a cunterculture (反主流文化) will create walls arund the culture t try nt t dilute (削弱) it, because the majrity culture is autmatically ging t wipe that culture ut,” says Dr. Burbank. While many f the indigenus cmmunities Dr. Burbank wrks with feel technlgy culd cntribute t that dilutin, she believes it can benefit indigenus cmmunities.
8．Guarani indigenus teenagers seldm write in Guarani Mbya because __________.
A．they were initially trained t use Prtuguese in writing
B．the written Guarani Mbya language is in danger f extinctin
C．they intend t break free frm their indigenus culture
D．Guarani Mbya makes it hard fr them t integrate int the utside wrld
9．Hw many languages are estimated t disappear by 2100?
A．Abut 7,000.B．Abut 3,500.C．Abut 1,400.D．Abut 700.
10．What des the underlined phrase “at dds” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Cnfusable.B．Sensatinal.C．Cntradictry.D．Cnsistent.
11．What is the authr’s attitude tward using AI fr language preservatin?
A．Psitive.B．Unclear.C．Dubtful.D．Dismissive.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们开始利用人工智能来保护语言。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“But when it cmes t writing, they ften use Prtuguese as that’s what they were first taught t write in, putting the Guarani Mbya language in its written frm at risk f disappearing.(但在写作方面，他们通常使用葡萄牙语，因为这是他们最初学习的语言，这使得瓜拉尼姆比亚语的书面形式面临消失的危险)”可知，瓜拉尼土著青少年很少用瓜拉尼语写作，因为他们最初被训练使用葡萄牙语写作。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Of the 7,000 r s languages that exist in the wrld, abut a fifth are thught t be endangered, with the United Natins estimating that half f these will be extinct by 2100 — the majrity being indigenus languages.(世界上现存的大约7000种语言中，大约有五分之一被认为濒临灭绝，联合国估计其中一半将在2100年前灭绝——其中大多数是土著语言)”可知，到2100年，估计有7000÷2=3500种语言会消失。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““A minrity grup that’s fighting t preserve a cunterculture (反主流文化) will create walls arund the culture t try nt t dilute (削弱) it, because the majrity culture is autmatically ging t wipe that culture ut,” says Dr. Burbank.(伯班克博士说：“为保护一种反主流文化而斗争的少数群体会在这种文化周围筑起高墙，尽量不去稀释它，因为多数文化会自动消灭这种文化。”)”可知，为保护一种反主流文化而斗争的少数群体会在这种文化周围筑起高墙，尽量不去稀释它，因为多数文化会自动消灭这种文化。即在土著社区，拥抱技术与保护文化和语言的愿望往往是矛盾的。故划线词意思是“矛盾的”。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“The app is part f a prject funded by IBM t create AI tls t help preserve and expand the use f indigenus languages in Brazil.(该应用程序是IBM资助的一个项目的一部分，该项目旨在创建人工智能工具，以帮助保护和扩大巴西本土语言的使用)”以及第二段“Fr example, in New Zealand, an app has been develped t cllect ral recrdings f indigenus languages acrss the regin t help speakers bst their everyday use f their native language.(例如，在新西兰，开发了一款应用程序，用于收集该地区土著语言的口语录音，以帮助使用者提高他们日常使用母语的能力)”可推知，作者对使用人工智能来保存语言持积极态度。故选A。
Passage8
（2024·河北保定·一模）Pliticians, business bsses, and ther types f leaders indeed tend t like speaking with their hands, but des the habit influence hw thers interpret thse wrds? T get t the bttm f it, a team f researchers frm the Max Planck Institute fr Psychlinguistics cnducted a series f experiments n vlunteers wh viewed vides f peple speaking with and withut hand mvements.
After shwing the vlunteers vides f peple speaking under different cnditins, the researchers asked them questins abut what they had heard. Sme cnditins invlved the speaker stressing different parts f wrds in a sentence. Other cnditins invlved the speaker making varius types f hand gestures, such as pinting and sweeping mvements. The team recrded the vlunteers as they viewed the vide recrdings, questining the vlunteers afterward abut what they had seen and heard.
Researchers fund that the vlunteers were mre affected by syllables (音节) spken with the cnjunctin f hand gestures: In 20 percent f the cases, the viewers were mre likely t have heard and interpreted the wrd spken with a hand gesture. Interestingly, hwever, vlunteers were 40 percent mre likely t hear the wrng sund when a mismatch between the wrd spken and the hand gesture ccurred.
Bdy language expert Carl Gman said, “Studies have fund that speaking with yur hands really can change the view f yur character. Peple wh cmmunicate thrugh active gesturing tend t be cnsidered warm, agreeable, and energetic, while thse wh remain still are seen as lgical, cld, and analytic. In fact, a 2015 study that studied TED Talks, which psts internatinal talks nline, fund that the mst ppular speakers used nearly twice as many gestures as the least ppular speakers used.”
The research team said that their findings suggest that hand gestures are an imprtant part f in-persn cmmunicatin that have a direct impact n what the listener hears. Furthermre, they suggest that ur respnses t hand gestures may be smething we learn as we grw up.
12．What’s the researchers’ purpse f ding the experiments?
A．T examine the vlunteers’ interpreting skills.
B．Test the effect hand gestures have n speaking.
C．T recrd the vlunteers’ questins fr the speaker.
D．T cnfirm the influence hand mvements have n leaders.
13．What did the researchers find in the experiments?
A．Hand mvements affected what the listener heard.
B．The speaker stressed different parts f wrds in a sentence.
C．Peple speaking with different hand gestures had different effects.
D．The mst ppular speakers used mre gestures than the least ppular speakers did.
14．What des the underlined wrd “cnjunctin” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Assistance.B．Cmbinatin.C．Disturbance.D．Interpretatin.
15．What may the researchers agree with?
A．Gestures can influence thers’ view n ne’s persnality.
B．Understanding gestures is a must in every language.
C．In-persn cmmunicatin helps interpret gestures.
D．Respnses t gestures are learning behavir.
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现，在谈话中使用或不使用手势会对听众产生很大影响。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Pliticians, business bsses, and ther types f leaders indeed tend t like speaking with their hands, but des the habit influence hw thers interpret thse wrds? T get t the bttm f it, a team f researchers frm the Max Planck Institute fr Psychlinguistics cnducted a series f experiments n vlunteers wh viewed vides f peple speaking with and withut hand mvements. (政治家、商业老板和其他类型的领导人确实倾向于用手说话，但是这种习惯会影响其他人如何理解这些话吗？为了弄清真相，马克斯·普朗克心理语言学研究所的一组研究人员对志愿者进行了一系列实验，这些志愿者观看了人们说话时有和没有手部动作的视频。)”可知，研究人员做实验的目的是测试手势对说话的影响。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 20 percent f the cases, the viewers were mre likely t have heard and interpreted the wrd spken with a hand gesture. Interestingly, hwever, vlunteers were 40 percent mre likely t hear the wrng sund when a mismatch between the wrd spken and the hand gesture ccurred. (在20%的情况下，观众更有可能听到并理解用手势说的话。然而，有趣的是，当说的话和手势不匹配时，志愿者听到错误声音的可能性要高出40%)”可知，研究人员在实验中发现手的动作会影响听者听到的内容。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In 20 percent f the cases, the viewers were mre likely t have heard and interpreted the wrd spken with a hand gesture. (在20%的案例中，观众更有可能听到并理解结合手势说的话。)”可推知，此处是指志愿者更容易受到与手势相结合的音节的影响，所以cnjunctin意为“结合”。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Furthermre, they suggest that ur respnses t hand gestures may be smething we learn as we grw up. (此外，他们还认为，我们对手势的反应可能是在成长过程中习得的。)”可推知，研究人员可能认同“对手势的反应是一种学习行为”的观点。故选D。
Passage9
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）D yu see a bird right nw? Can yu hear ne chirping? If s, yu might be getting a mental health bst. A study recently published in the jurnal Science fund that being in the presence f birds made peple feel mre psitive.
Andrea Mechelli, a psychlgist at King’s Cllege Lndn, fund himself studying the natural wrld accidentally. Initially he was searching fr answers t why peple wh lived in cities seemed t tend t suffer mental illness, particularly psychsis. In 2015, he created the smartphne app Urban Mind t search fr patterns in users’ envirnments. “Our first finding is that nature has a very pwerful effect,” says Mechelli. He and his clleagues then wndered if sme aspects f nature were mre beneficial than thers. They turned t birds fr their ubiquity (普遍存在) in rural and urban envirnments.
Their latest study included 1,292 participants mainly in the United Kingdm and Eurpe. Fr tw weeks, participants were prmpted t fill ut a questinnaire abut their surrunding envirnment and their mental state three times a day. Mechelli perfrmed a statistical analysis that fund an bvius imprvement in wellbeing when birds were present, even when eliminating ther factrs like the presence f trees r waterways. The mental health benefit was true bth fr peple wh disclsed a depressin diagnsis and thse withut any diagnsed mental health cnditins.
Peter James, an envirnmental health scientist at Harvard, wuld like t see mre data. He fund that envirnmental health studies like these lack diversity. Yet, a psychlgist at Trent University in Canada, Lisa Nisbet says, “This kind f study helps us understand hw peple’s everyday experience with specific elements f nature, such as birds, can be restrative.”
Appreciating birds seems t be a prmising avenue fr nature-based health and wellbeing interventins. At Mechelli’s clinical practice in Lndn, he fcuses n early interventin therapies. He suggests his patients g fr walks t bserve the trees and plants grwing in the city, and the bird fluttering by frm branch t branch. “It has n side effects,” he says. “It’s smething they culd try, and they have nthing t lse.”
8．What can be inferred abut Andrea Mechelli’s study?
A．Diverse envirnments are rewarding nly fr depressed peple.
B．The presence f birds is beneficial t mental health.
C．Peter James thught highly f Mechelli’s research.
D．It was riginally targeted at the research n birds.
9．What des the underlined wrd “eliminating” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Defeating.B．Identifying.
C．Cnsidering.D．Remving.
10．Which f the fllwing statement might Andrea Mechelli agree with?
A．Early interventin shws n significance.
B．The access t nature helps peple be mre cnfident.
C．Nature-based interventin functins well in mental health.
D．Peple’s daily experience is cnnected with mental prblems.
11．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Use Nature in Supprting Mental HealthB．Get Outside fr a Quicker Mental Recvery
C．Analyze Data t Make a Gd Treatment PlanD．Turn t Birds fr Better Understandings f Humans
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的一项研究发现，与鸟儿在一起会让人感觉更加积极。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mechelli perfrmed a statistical analysis that fund an bvius imprvement in wellbeing when birds were present(Mechelli进行了一项统计分析，发现有鸟在场时，幸福感有明显改善)”以及“The mental health benefit was true bth fr peple wh disclsed a depressin diagnsis and thse withut any diagnsed mental health cnditins.(对于那些被诊断出患有抑郁症的人和那些没有任何被诊断出患有精神疾病的人来说，心理健康方面的好处都是真实的。)”可知，从Andrea Mechelli的研究中可推知鸟的存在有利于心理健康。故选B项。
9．词句猜测题。根据划线所在句子“Mechelli perfrmed a statistical analysis that fund an bvius imprvement in wellbeing when birds were present, even when eliminating ther factrs like the presence f trees r waterways.(Mechelli进行了一项统计分析，发现有鸟类在场时，即使eliminating树木或水道等其他因素，人们的幸福感也会有明显改善)”中的“when birds were present”以及“even when”可知，此处应是表达“只要有鸟类在场，即使排除树木或水道等其他因素，人们的幸福感也会有明显改善”符合语境，划线词eliminating应是“排除”之意，和D项“Remving(排除，去除)”意思一致。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Appreciating birds seems t be a prmising avenue fr nature-based health and wellbeing interventins. At Mechelli’s clinical practice in Lndn, he fcuses n early interventin therapies. He suggests his patients g fr walks t bserve the trees and plants grwing in the city, and the bird fluttering by frm branch t branch. “It has n side effects,” he says. “It’s smething they culd try, and they have nthing t lse.”(欣赏鸟类似乎是一种基于自然的健康和福祉干预的有希望的途径。在伦敦Mechelli的临床实践中，他专注于早期干预疗法。他建议他的病人去散步，观察城市里生长的树木和植物，以及在树枝间飞舞的鸟儿。“它没有副作用，”他说。“这是他们可以尝试的东西，他们没有什么可失去的。”)”可推知，Andrea Mechelli建议他的病人去散步，观察城市里生长的树木和植物以及在树枝间飞舞的鸟儿，由此可推知，Andrea Mechelli会赞同基于自然的干预对心理健康有很好的作用。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“D yu see a bird right nw? Can yu hear ne chirping? If s, yu might be getting a mental health bst. A study recently published in the jurnal Science fund that being in the presence f birds made peple feel mre psitive.(你现在看到一只鸟了吗?你能听到其中一只啾啾吗?如果是这样，你可能会得到心理健康的促进。最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究发现，有鸟在身边会让人感觉更积极)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了与鸟儿在一起会让人感觉更加积极，所以A项“Use Nature in Supprting Mental Health(利用自然支持心理健康)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
Passage10
（2024·四川·模拟预测）In an era f digital technlgy, the art f writing by hand has slwly been dwngraded t a past entertainment. Hwever, recent research suggests that this physical act is essential t brain health and develpment, having multiple cgnitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we shuld reevaluate the ptential benefits it may have n ur mental capacities.
Accrding t numerus studies, writing by hand stimulates mre cmplex and diverse brain cnnectins essential fr encding new infrmatin and frming memries. Fr instance, a recent investigatin fund that brain cnnectivity patterns were far mre cmplicated and widespread fr participants wh wrte by hand cmpared t thse wh typed. Thus, it is clear that handwriting has a distinct and significant impact n ur brain health.
Handwriting isn’t just gd fr ur brains health—it als has clear, practical benefits. Research has shwn that students wh take handwritten ntes scre significantly higher n quizzes, demnstrating imprved learning. This extends beynd the classrm t. Peple wh recrded infrmatin n paper calendars demnstrated mre brain activity and recalled infrmatin faster than thse wh used smartphnes. The act f handwriting, therefre, culd be a valuable tl fr students preparing fr exams and adults managing daily tasks.
Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been n the decline. Hwever, 25states in the US have reintrduced writing back int schl curriculums. This is a step in the right directin, as previus research has als indicated that handwriting is essential in children’s brain develpment. Preliterate (未识字的) children wh wrte by hand demnstrated brain activity in a circuit f the brain used in learning t read, further strengthening the link between handwriting and cgnitive develpment.
It is clear that handwriting is a valuable activity that has the ptential t enhance ur brain health, learning, memry, and prblem-slving skills. As we cntinue t navigate the digital age, it is imprtant nt t verlk the value f this seemingly simple activity. S, the next time yu reach fr yur keybard, remember the benefits f picking up a pen instead.
12．What d peple usually think f handwriting at present?
A．It has becme an ld-fashined skill.B．It has many cgnitive benefits in life.
C．It has been replaced by digital devices.D．It has been a ppular entertainment.
13．What des the authr mainly shw abut handwriting in paragraph 3?
A．It is beneficial t brain health.B．It helps students scre higher n quizzes.
C．It stimulates diverse brain cnnectin.D．It has gd effects n learning and memry.
14．Why is previus research mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T make a cmparisn.B．T add further evidence.
C．T shw different pinins.D．T explain the brain activity.
15．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T illustrate a finding n handwriting.B．T emphasize the imprtance f handwriting.
C．T shw the wide applicatin f handwriting.D．T intrduce the artistic value f handwriting.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．B 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述我们应该重新评估书写对我们的心智能力的益处，未来它将成为教育的重要组成部分。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“In an era f digital technlgy, the art f writing by hand has slwly been dwngraded t a past entertainment.(在数字技术时代，手写的艺术已经慢慢沦为一种过时的娱乐)”可知，人们通常把手写看成一种已经过时的技能。故选A。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Handwriting isn’t just gd fr ur brains health—it als has clear, practical benefits. Research has shwn that students wh take handwritten ntes scre significantly higher n quizzes, demnstrating imprved learning. This extends beynd the classrm t. Peple wh recrded infrmatin n paper calendars demnstrated mre brain activity and recalled infrmatin faster than thse wh used smartphnes. The act f handwriting, therefre, culd be a valuable tl fr students preparing fr exams and adults managing daily tasks.(手写不仅对我们的大脑健康有好处——它还有明显的、实际的好处。研究表明，做手写笔记的学生在测验中得分明显更高，这表明他们的学习能力有所提高。这也延伸到了课堂之外。在纸质日历上记录信息的人比使用智能手机的人大脑活动更活跃，回忆信息的速度也更快。因此，对于准备考试的学生和管理日常事务的成年人来说，书写的行为可能是一个有价值的工具)”可知，该段主要讲述手写对学习和记忆的影响。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been n the decline. Hwever, 25states in the US have reintrduced writing back int schl curriculums. This is a step in the right directin, as previus research has als indicated that handwriting is essential in children’s brain develpment. Preliterate (未识字的) children wh wrte by hand demnstrated brain activity in a circuit f the brain used in learning t read, further strengthening the link between handwriting and cgnitive develpment.(尽管有明显的好处，但手写一直在走下坡路。然而，美国已有25个州将写作重新引入学校课程。这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，因为之前的研究也表明，书写对儿童的大脑发育至关重要。识字之前用手写字的儿童在学习阅读的大脑回路中表现出大脑活动，进一步加强了书写和认知发展之间的联系)”可推断，该段提及从前的研究是为了进一步证实书写的好处。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“In an era f digital technlgy, the art f writing by hand has slwly been dwngraded t a past entertainment. Hwever, recent research suggests that this physical act is essential t brain health and develpment, having multiple cgnitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we shuld reevaluate the ptential benefits it may have n ur mental capacities.(在数字技术时代，手写的艺术已经慢慢沦为一种过时的娱乐。然而，最近的研究表明，这种身体活动对大脑的健康和发育至关重要，有多种认知益处。是时候我们应该重新评估它对我们心智能力的潜在好处了)”结合文章论述强调了书写对我们的心智能力的益处，希望读者重视书写。即文章的目的是强调书写的重要性。故选B。