高中英语2025届高考复习语法知识讲解（语态+主谓一致）

这是一份高中英语2025届高考复习语法知识讲解（语态+主谓一致），共4页。学案主要包含了语态，主谓一致等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（一）各种时态的被动语态的构成
拓展：“get+过去分词”也可表示被动，get与be一样起助动词的作用，一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。
She gt hurt n her way back hme.
Sme tea cups gt brken when we were mving.
（二）主动形式表示被动意义的情况
（三）被动语态与“be+过去分词”式系表结构的区别
二、主谓一致
主谓一致指的是句子的谓语受主语支配，谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则。主谓一致的具体运用如下表：
注意：
（1）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有n,each,every,many a等修饰语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
In ur cuntry each by and each girl has the right t receive educatin.
（2）存现句采用就近一致原则。
There is an apple and sme ranges n the table.
时态
被动语态的构成形式
例句
一般现在时
Am/is/are dne
Mr Wang is invited t make a speech in ur schl.
一般过去时
Was/were dne
The machine wasn’t repaired yesterday.
一般将来时
Will/shall be dne,
am/is/are ging t be dne
The meeting is ging t be held at 8 am tmrrw.
过去将来时
Wuld be dne,
Was/were ging t be dne
She said that she wuld be given an iPhne as a birthday gift.
现在进行时
Am/is/are being dne
His cmputer is being repaired.
过去进行时
Was/were being dne
Her car was being washed at that time.
现在完成时
Has/have been dne
This nvel has been translated int many languages.
过去完成时
Had been dne
They had been warned many times befre they carried ut the plan.
情况
例词
例句
表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，常用主动形式表示被动意义
Open,read,sell,teach,write等
His nvel sells well.
Yur pen writes quite smthly.
少数动词的进行时常用主动形式表示被动意义，此时句子的主语通常为指物的名词
Ck,d,we,print等
The dinner is cking.
The magazine is printing in that cmpany.
一些词后的动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式
Need,want,require等
The garden needs watering. (=The garden needs t be watered.)
The prblem requires studying with great care. (=The prblem requires t be studied with great care.)
某些“be+形容词+不定式”结构中，形容词说明不定式的特征，句子主语与不定式在逻辑上是被动关系，但不定式用主动形式
Easy,hard,cmfrtable,dangerus等
The questin is easy t answer.
Thse signs are hard t see clearly.
区分角度
区别
例句
从表示的意义上
被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用“by+人”或“by+抽象名词”表示动作的执行者，后者则一般不用
The gate t the garden was lcked by the girl.（被动语态）
The gate t the garden was lcked.（系表结构）
从时态上
被动语态强调的是动作，其主语是动作的对象，可以有各种时态；而系表结构中的表语是说明主语的状态或特征，不强调动作，多用一般现在时和一般过去时，没有进行时
The prblem is being studied.（被动语态）
This stry is well written.（系表结构）
从修饰词上
系表结构中的过去分词可被very,t,s等修饰；被动语态中的过去分词则常用much,greatly等修饰
He was greatly excited by the news.（被动语态）
He was very excited.（系表结构）
从所带的状语上
如果句子中带有时间状语、方式状语或by...作状语，多数是被动语态
The shp is ften clsed at 6.30 in the afternn.（被动语态）
The shp is clsed.（系表结构）
主语
谓语动词
例句
由and连接的并列成分
指不同的人、物或概念
用复数
Lucy and I g t schl five days a week.
Bth bread and milk are gd fr yur health.
指同一个人、物或概念
用单数
The writer and teacher is quite ppular amng the students.
不定代词或由不定代词修饰的名词
Each,neither,either,ne,the ther,anther,much,little及复合不定代词等表示单数意义
一般用单数
Nthing has been dne t prevent the river frm being plluted.
Either f us isn’t ging t give up ur chance f educatin.
Many,few,several,bth等表示复数意义
用复数
Few f the guests were familiar t us.
sme,all,any等既可表示复数意义也可表示单数意义
依主语表示的具体意义而定
All I want is peace and quiet.
All are equal befre the law.
mre than ne...,many a...
用单数
Mre than ne rad is being repaired.
Many a student hpes t reduce hmewrk.
不定式、动名词及从句
单个的不定式或动名词
一般用单数
T say smething is usually easier than t d smething.
由and连接的不定式、动名词
一般用复数
Swimming in summer and skating in winter are my hbbies.
what引导的主语从句
根据从句表达的意义而定
What we need are experienced wrkers.
What surprised me mst was his way f speaking.
表示由两部分构成的事物的名词
常用复数
My trusers are ld, s I want t buy a new pair.
A pair f等修饰的名词
与计量单位名词一致
A pair f new shes was given t me as a present by my father.
关系代词
取决于先行词
This is ne f the mst strange stries that are tld by my grandpa.
She is the nly ne f the girls wh is late smetimes.
数量词修饰的名词
修饰不可数名词
用单数
Plenty f mney has been saved t buy that car.
修饰可数名词复数
用复数
A lt f students in that schl want t jin the club.
A quantity f...,quantities f...,an amunt f...,amunts f...
根据quantity和amunt的形式而定
Large amunts f mney are being invested in the lcal market.
A large amunt f mney is spent n tbacc every year.
表示时间、度量、距离等的名词短语
用单数
Five years is a lng time t wait fr an answer.
The+形容词
表示一类人
用复数
The ld are well taken care f in China.
表示一类事物或抽象概念
用单数
The beautiful is lved by all.爱美之心，人皆有之。
名词/代词后带有with/tgether with/as well as/n less than/alng with...等短语
与名词/代词保持一致
The ld lady as well as her tw daughters ges shpping every weekend.
Tm tgether with his sister studies Japanese in Japan.
Mst,rest,majrity,分数，百分数等
由所指代的名词来决定
Mst f his spare time was spent in reading.
Mst f the buildings in ur schl are new.
集体名词
Family,class类视为整体
用单数
The class has 45 students.
Family,class类侧重个体
用复数
His family are all fnd f ftball.
Peple,plice,cattle等
用复数
The plice have caught the criminal.
One f+可数名词复数
用单数
One f my gd friends has been abrad fr eight years.
A number f+可数名词复数
用复数
A number f wrkers have recently left the cmpany.
The number f+可数名词复数
用单数
The number f the unemplyed is still increasing.
连词r,,,nt als...,等连接的并列成分
就近一致
Are yu r he ging t be in charge f the factry?
Either yur students r Mr Zhang knws abut it.