专题5 完形填空之解题方法（教师版+学生版）

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方法一 细研首句定主旨
完形填空首句一般不设空，这是为了给学生提供一个清晰而完整的背景。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省做题时间。
1．利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。
【典例1】 (2022·全国甲卷·首句)
Yu can tell a lt abut a man by hw he treats his dgs.
2．利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。
【典例2】 (2020·全国Ⅰ卷·首句)
Since ur twins began learning t walk，my wife and I have kept telling them that ur sliding glass dr is just a windw.
方法二 前瞻后望重语境
完形填空题主要考查学生对语境的理解能力，所以空处的前后多有暗示(下文暗示上文的居多)。学生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系。
【典例1】 (2022·全国乙卷·节选)
Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek.Fr them, there's smething highly exciting abut 41 smene else's glance and making neself unable t be seen.
Hwever, we all witness that preschl children are remarkably 42 at hiding.They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies 43.expsed．
41．A．fllwing B．taking
C．escapingD．directing
42．A．cleverB．bad
C．scaredD．quick
【典例2】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
This was 50 than it sunds.51．Slw dwn a bit and the cakes pile up.As I tld my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little mre high-pressure than I'd 52．expected．
50．A．harderB．better
C．lngerD．cheaper
方法三 熟词生义需重视
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考完形填空中多次出现的词汇活用现象，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。
【典例1】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Finally , Ziyad gt clse t the hive which was arund 20 metres abve the grund. Sitting n a branch, he _____50_____ twards it and blew smke frm his trch int a tiny hle in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let ut a sharp cry. Within secnds, he’d slid dwn the trunk and was back n the grund.
50．A．backedB．divedC．shutedD．inched
【典例2】 (2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
In April last year, I saw a pst n the PNP (Pilts N Paws) website frm a family in Tpeka. They had t mve t Virginia but they were n a very tight budget. They culd nt affrd t pay fr transprtatin fr their dg, Tiffy, and 43 wanted t take her with them.
( )B.temprarilyC.secretlyD.riginally
【熟词新义】desperately adv. 不顾一切地；极度地。
【典例3】 (2023·高考全国甲卷·节选)Mari’s wine may have been cludy and cme ut f an ld bttle, but it was perfect.
【典例4】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Our 48 in the factry were simple: Place cakes n a mving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nse.
48．A．jys B．ideas
C．rlesD．chices
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023·河北省衡水中学高三下学期适应性考试】
Every year I’d read ver 2,000 cllege applicatins frm students all ver the wrld. It is quite 41 t chse whm t admit. 42 ,in the chas f SAT scres and recmmendatins, ne 43 is always irresistible in a candidate：kindness.
The mst surprising 44 f kindness I’ve ever 45 came frm a student wh had excellent scres and a supprtive recmmendatin frm his cllege cunselr(顾问).Even with these qualificatins, he might nt have 46 .But ne letter f recmmendatin caught my eye. It was frm a schl security 47 .Letters f recmmendatin are typically written by peple like frmer presidents, celebrities, and Olympic athletes.
The security guard wrte that he supprted this student’s admissin because f his 48 . This yung man was the nly persn in the schl wh knew the names f every member f the guard staff. He turned ff lights in empty rms, cnsistently 49 the hallway mnitr each mrning and tidied up the classrm after his peers left schl 50 nbdy was watching. This student, the security guard wrte, had a(n) 51 respect fr every persn at the schl, regardless f psitin, ppularity r pwer.
It gave us a 52 nt a student’s life in the mments when nthing “cunted”. That student was admitted by unanimus(一致的)vte f the admissins cmmittee.
Next year there might be a fld f security guard recmmendatins 53 this essay. But if it means students will start paying as much 54 t the peple wh clean their classrms as they d t their principals and teachers, I’m happy t help start that 55 .256
41．A．decentB．difficultC．delicateD．desperate
42．A．HweverB．OtherwiseC．BesidesD．Therefre
43．A．abilityB．qualityC．limitatinD．assumptin
44．A．signalB．imageC．appearanceD．indicatin
45．A．cme utB．pick upC．cme acrssD．bring up
46．A．std upB．std utC．given upD．given ut
47．A．guardB．teacherC．principalD．cunselr
48．A．wisdmB．braveryC．encuragementD．cnsideratin
49．A．btheredB．answeredC．visitedD．thanked
50．A．as ifB．nw thatC．even ifD．in rder that
51．A．demandingB．amusingC．refreshingD．puzzling
52．A．passinB．trubleC．methdD．windw
53．A．due tB．in need fC．except frD．alng with
54．A．mneyB．nticeC．attentinD．curisity
55．A．plicyB．trendC．arrangementD．career
2.【2023·山东省实验中学高三二模】
As usual, Lily bught expensive gifts fr her children Alice and Peter befre Christmas. Her jb kept her busy, and she 41 gt t see her children during weekdays. Being a mther, she always wanted t be 42 her children, but she placed her 43 first, thinking earning mney was mre imprtant.
Lily 44 the gifts in secret and decided t give them a day befre Christmas since she had t attend a business meeting the next day. 45 , a day later, the meeting gt canceled. Lily was 46 she culd spend Christmas with her family. Therefre, she decided t 47 a party. Lily sent 48 t all her friends and her father-in-law, Michael. Lily was wrried her friends wuld nt feel 49 in the presence f aged peple. Later that day, her children nticed the gifts she had bught. Unexpectedly, neither f them seemed 50 t pen the gifts.
On Christmas Eve, Lily 51 her friends int her huse. Hwever, she felt 52 when she saw Michael walking in. On arrival, Michael gave Alice and Peter presents—sme ckie mlds (模具)! The tw kids ran happily t their grandfather and shwed great 53 fr his gifts, asking him t bake ckies with them.
All the guests present were mved by the scene. Lily 54 all they want is their parents’ time and 55 nt what their parents buy them.
41．A．usuallyB．rarelyC．alwaysD．never
42．A．arundB．beyndC．withutD．fr
43．A．familyB．heartC．bdyD．jb
44．A．watchedB．laidC．hidD．made
45．A．FrtunatelyB．EventuallyC．SuddenlyD．Amusingly
46．A．shckedB．tuchedC．happyD．free
47．A．attendB．thrwC．delayD．rule
48．A．blessesB．regardsC．lettersD．invitatins
49．A．cnfidentB．warmC．relaxedD．cl
50．A．shyB．wrriedC．easyD．eager
51．A．welcmedB．ledC．signaledD．waved
52．A．uncmfrtableB．refreshedC．surprisedD．calm
53．A．respectB．pityC．enthusiasmD．lve
54．A．nticedB．realizedC．learnedD．witnessed
55．A．mneyB．passinC．knwledgeD．attentin
3.【2023·天一大联考广东省高三模拟考试（三）】
After a dlphin was fund swimming alne in a creek in Flrida, marine bilgists frmed a human chain t save it.
Dlphins typically travel in 41 called a “schl” , althugh slitary(独自的) dlphins are becming mre cmmn. This can be a cause fr cncern because dlphins are naturally sciable creatures, s if they are 42 , they may turn their attentin t human interactin. This in turn can be 43 , bth fr dlphins and humans.
Dlphins can becme 44 rather than feed n their wn. 45 , dlphins that are used t human cntact spend mre time in shallw waters, which can 46 bat crashes. Meanwhile, humans wh get t clse t dlphins can find themselves 47 .
After 48 that the dlphin had been alne in the creek fr a few days, and was near a residential area with 49 fr human disturbance, NOAA Fisheries Service decided t 50 . Twenty-eight bilgists frm the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, NOAA and FWC came tgether t frm a human chain, creating a barrier that culd 51 the dlphin ut f the creek.
Rescue bilgist Brittany Baldrica said,“ The 52 was t just be a barrier that was nvel t the animal. We wanted t create a physical barrier as well as a barrier f hearing, s we had smebdy behind us that was 53 a bat, revving(使快速运转) its engine and then we were splashing(泼) water and mving frward twards the animal, s we were giving the animal the 54 t swim thrugh the bridge n its wn.”
The 55 was successful, with the dlphin making its way ut f the creek.273
41．A．seriesB．linesC．grupsD．sessins
42．A．separatedB．discveredC．defendedD．distinguished
43．A．rewardingB．dangerusC．attractiveD．annying
44．A．sensitiveB．hesitantC．dependentD．exceptinal
45．A．StrangelyB．InitiallyC．FrtunatelyD．Additinally
46．A．turn nB．lead tC．take inD．knck at
47．A．injuredB．addictedC．refreshedD．dismissed
48．A．declaringB．explainingC．admittingD．realizing
49．A．cncernB．purpseC．ptentialD．desire
50．A．withdrawB．actC．searchD．attack
51．A．cnfirmB．restrictC．keepD．guide
52．A．riskB．advantageC．galD．path
53．A．liftingB．repairingC．checkingD．striking
54．A．curageB．ptinC．rightD．skill
55．A．rescueB．experimentC．cmpetitinD．training
4.【2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模】
The suburb I live in backs n t a large nature reserve. One mrning I saw a kala (考拉) sitting in a pam tree in my frnt yard. I phned arund t ask what I culd ____41____ this kala, but n ne wanted t knw. I ended up ____42____ the kala ut f my tree and we crssed the rad ____43____ fr him t return t the nature reserve.
I’ve always been befriending animals. As a yung kid I used t pick up lizard eggs and ____44____ them. It stimulated my interest as t why there wasn’t anyne wanting t cme and ____45____ this kala in my tree. After that, I signed up fr all the ____46____ I culd find.
Once I had accreditatin (合格证), I vlunteered with the RSPCA in 2014, rehabilitating (使康复) wildlife. I was an ambulance driver, ____47____ vernight rescues. We rescued hundreds f animals and ____48____ mre.
One day, I thught why nt ____49____ my wn rescue grup fcusing n my backyard? I purchased a tw-acre prperty and built enclsures n it t _____50_____ injured animals. Last year, I planted 300 eucalyptus trees(桉树), with seven varieties t _____51_____ the kalas.
I cut the leaves f the eucalyptus trees fr the kalas t eat and lk after the _____52_____ wildlife at ur centre. If they recver, they are _____53_____ back t where they cme frm.
As a kid I wuld never have imagined ding this. I feel like I’m the _____54_____ girl n the planet that I get t d what I lve. I believe it’s my _____55_____.265
41．A．learn frmB．d abutC．require fD．save fr
42．A．kickingB．shtingC．cachingD．blwing
43．A．tgetherB．illegallyC．angrilyD．guiltily
44．A．rllB．sellC．breakD．hatch
45．A．rescueB．admireC．purchaseD．identify
46．A．cursesB．racesC．fairsD．shws
47．A．watchingB．attendingC．recrdingD．assessing
48．A．made utB．ran acrssC．gave upD．cared fr
49．A．leaveB．startC．dismissD．advertise
50．A．huseB．huntC．trainD．amuse
51．A．cnfuseB．directC．feedD．test
52．A．aggressiveB．hungryC．desertedD．injured
53．A．sldB．releasedC．thrwnD．dragged
54．A．quietestB．greediestC．nisiestD．luckiest
55．A．guessB．callingC．treatD．fault
5.【2023·山东省淄博市高三下学期三模】
ChatGPT has been everywhere fr the last few mnths. It raises ___41___ abut their impact n everything happening in ur sciety.
ChatGPT is a natural language prcessing tl ___42___ by AI technlgy that allws yu t have human-like ___43___ and much mre. The language mdel can answer questins and ___44___ yu with tasks, such as cmpsing emails, essays, and cde.
The ___45___ t prduce frequently accurate respnses t a vast range f questins is why it became the fastest-grwing app f all time, ___46___ 100 millin users in nly tw mnths. The fact that it can als ___47___ essays, articles, and petry has nly ___48___ its appeal. It is als equally ___49___ at cding and prductivity tasks. Fr the frmer, its ability t ____50____ cde frm natural speech makes it a pwerful partner fr bth new and ____51____ cders.
Despite lking very impressive, ChatGPT still has ____52____. Such restrictins include the inability t answer questins that are wrded in a ____53____ way, as it requires rewrding t understand the input questin. A bigger limitatin is a lack f quality in the ____54____ it delivers. Anther majr limitatin is that its data is limited up t 2021. The chat rbt des nt have any ____55____ f events r news that have ccurred since then. Lastly, ChatGPT des nt prvide surces fr its respnses.222
41．A．requestsB．cncernsC．emtinsD．dubts
42．A．drivenB．fllwedC．inspiredD．entertained
43．A．cnflictsB．challengesC．interestsD．cnversatins
44．A．manageB．cntrlC．assistD．accmpany
45．A．abilityB．chanceC．respnsibilityD．purpse
46．A．cnsultingB．reachingC．intrducingD．cunting
47．A．causeB．returnC．existD．generate
48．A．added tB．cnnected tC．devted tD．wed t
49．A．determinedB．equippedC．talentedD．alarmed
50．A．saveB．createC．chseD．describe
51．A．cautiusB．untrainedC．familiarD．experienced
52．A．limitatinsB．pssibilitiesC．requirementsD．advantages
53．A．rightB．suitableC．specificD．natural
54．A．apprachesB．respnsesC．cntributinD．sensitivity
55．A．nticeB．questinC．feelingD．awareness
真题感知
1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The sun was beginning t sink as I set ff int the Harenna Frest. I was n my way t ____41____ a unique hney harvest. Here, in suth-east Ethipia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the ____42____. Reaching them t get the hney is difficult—and ften ____43____ .
I ____44____ beekeeper Ziyad ver a wide stretch f grassland befre entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparatins. He ____45____ handfuls f damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and ____46____ the bunch t create a trch(火把). Then, with ne end f a rpe tied t his waist and the ther end arund the trunk f a tree, Ziyad began ____47____ . He stpped every few minutes t mve the ____48____ higher up the tree trunk.
____49____ , Ziyad gt clse t the hive which was arund 20 metres abve the grund. Sitting n a branch, he _____50_____ twards it and blew smke frm his trch int a tiny hle in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let ut a sharp cry. Within secnds, he’d _____51_____ the trunk and was back n the grund.
It was t _____52_____ t cllect the hney. A cl summer had delayed _____53_____ . Baby bees were still in the hneycmbs(蜂巢). The adult bees were _____54_____ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped frm the tree. He had t wait fr the right _____55_____ t g back up.
41．A．shareB．cllectC．celebrateD．witness
42．A．curtyardsB．fieldsC．treetpsD．caves
43．A．urgentB．dangerusC．expensiveD．pintless
44．A．searchedB．recgnisedC．fllwedD．invited
45．A．gatheredB．cleanedC．drppedD．checked
46．A．shkB．litC．measuredD．decrated
47．A．jumpingB．talkingC．testingD．climbing
48．A．hivesB．leavesC．rpeD．hney
49．A．FinallyB．SurprisinglyC．NaturallyD．Immediately
50．A．backedB．divedC．shutedD．inched
51．A．cut ffB．gne upC．slid dwnD．held nt
52．A．highB．earlyC．fastD．clse
53．A．hatchingB．trainingC．swingD．trading
54．A．curiusB．hungryC．bredD．angry
55．A．mmentB．equipmentC．persnD．rder
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In April last year, I saw a pst n the PNP (Pilts N Paws) website frm a family in Tpeka. They had t mve t Virginia but they were n a very tight 41 . They culd nt affrd t pay fr 42 fr their dg, Tiffy, and 43 wanted t take her with them.
It just 44 that I was planning anther PNP flight with anther pilt, Karen, wh 45 t take Tiffy frm Kansas City t Virginia. What I was t d was fly t Tpeka t 46 Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s wners, they seemed very 47 . Gerge, the husband, was trying t be calm, but I culd tell this was 48 fr him, having t leave his dg t a 49 and trust that everything wuld 50 .
After sme gdbyes, I asked Gerge and his wife t help me 51 Tiffy int the plane. I prmised t take care f Tiffy and 52 them as sn as we gt t Kansas City.
The flight was 53 , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 54 with Karen and made it back t Gerge in Virginia within a few days. He was s 55 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great t knw that I had helped bring this family tgether again.
( )B.budgetC.scheduleD.cnnectin
( )B.shelterC.medicineD.transprtatin
( )B.temprarilyC.secretlyD.riginally
( )B.prvedC.happenedD.shwed
( )B.fferedC.hurriedD.failed
( ) ffB.lk frC.hand verD.pick up
( )B.nervusC.annyedD.curius
( )B.fineC.cmmnD.lucky
( )B.passengerC.strangerD.neighbur
( ) upB.wrk utC.cme backD.take ff
( )B.fllwC.changeD.lad
( )B.jinC.leaveD.serve
( )B.unexpectedC.unavidableD.uneventful
( )B.fughtC.flewD.agreed
( )B.generusC.prudD.sympathetic
3.[2023·全国甲卷]
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many years ag, I bught a huse in the Garfagnana, where we still g every summer. The first time we 41 there, we heard the chug-chug-chug f a mtrbike 42 its way dwn the hill twards us. It was 43 called Mari, cming t 44 us a bx cntaining sme tmates and a bttle f wine. It was a very nice 45 fr him t make. But when we lked at the tmates, we were 46 because they were s misshapen: nt at all like the nice, rund, 47 things yu get in a supermarket. And the wine was cludy, in a funny ld bttle with n label(标签) n it. These can’t be any 48 , we thught. But we were 49 his kindness, s we 50 them.
What we discvered is that it’s 51 t judge what yu eat nly by its 52 . Thse tmates had 53 that reminded me f the nes my uncle used t grw when I was a child. Nwadays supermarket tmates 54 perfect but taste f water. Nbdy’s ging t have a 55 memry f thse. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed t grw square nes s that they can 56 them easily. Mari’s wine may have been cludy and cme ut f an ld bttle, but it was 57 .
It’s gd t eat things at the crrect time, when they’re 58 , and as clse as pssible t where they were 59 . What Mari had 60 us was the taste f the Garfagnana.
( ) B.metC.campedD.stayed
( )B.searchingC.squeezingD.feeling
( )B.neighburC.relativeD.passenger
( )B.sendC.bringD.shw
( )B.cmmentC.prmiseD.gesture
( )B.mvedC.thrilledD.bred
( )B.realC.shinyD.fun
( )B.gdC.newD.easy
( ) t B.thankful frC.cautius abutD.interested in
( )B.sldC.returnedD.mixed
( )B.uncertainC.unwiseD.unusual
( ) B.qualityC.riginD.price
( )B.shapeC.clurD.taste
( )B.lkC.becmeD.wrk
( )B.vividC.shrtD.vague
( )B.check C.cuntD.pack
( ) B.usefulC.cnvenient D.familiar
( ) view B.n saleC.in seasn D.in need
( ) B.stredC.fundD.grwn
( )B.givenC.bughtD.tld
解题方法
方法1细研首句定主旨
方法2前瞻后望重语境
方法3熟词生义需重视
直接
信息
首句提出了一个观点：你可以从一个人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多。由此可以基本判定，本文应是记叙文。
预测
信息
下文很可能围绕“某个人如何对待他的狗”这一话题展开，表达作者的情感体会。
直接
信息
首句交代了人物(wh)——I, my wife, ur twins和事件(what)——谎称玻璃推拉门是窗户。
预测
信息
根据这些信息，我们可以这样设问：他们为什么要对孩子们说玻璃推拉门是窗户呢？这难道不是谎言吗？这样又会带来什么后果呢？阅读文章，我们可以在下文叙述中找到这些疑问的答案。