[英语][期末]北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末综合练习英语试卷

这是一份[英语][期末]北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末综合练习英语试卷，共11页。试卷主要包含了填写答题卡的内容用2B铅笔填写，提前 xx 分钟收取答题卡等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考试时间：分钟 满分：分
姓名：____________ 班级：____________ 学号：____________
*注意事项：
1、填写答题卡的内容用2B铅笔填写
2、提前 xx 分钟收取答题卡
第Ⅰ卷 客观题
第Ⅰ卷的注释
第Ⅱ卷 主观题
第Ⅱ卷的注释
一、第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)(共1题；共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中，选出最佳
选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Gertrude Grew Great
Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life.At hme,she helped ut just enugh t slide by.At schl,she did just enugh hmewrk t stay ut f 1 .She had straight C's in all f her classes.
One day Gertrude's teacher stpped her after class."Gertrude,"he said,"I've seen the wrk yu d in class,and sme f it is 2 ."Gertrude knew there were mments when she did try a little harder than what everyne 3 ,like when she tk extra time with her hmewrk t make it lk fancy.But she didn't really believe that she culd change.She had dne just enugh t 4 fr s lng.In fact,she was scared by the thught f having the pwer t becme whatever she wanted.
That night,Gertrude had a dream.It was ten years int the future.She culd nt find an average jb,because even the average jbs were 5 by abve-average wrkers.Gertrude wanted her wn place,her wn life.A vice spke in the dream:"The present is nthing mre than the 6 f the chices made in the past.
The future will nly be the results f the chices we make tday."Gertrude began crying,because she knew she had helped 7 the wrld where she lived,and the chices she made had prduced the ptins she had.
The next day,she tried harder in schl,and she felt 8 than usual.She helped mre arund the huse,and she felt better than typical.Sn the pattern f Success 9 that f being nrmal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning frm her mistakes.Ten years later,Gertrude lived in an average sized huse
and she was just the average adult.But her 10 was abve average,because her life was hers.
1. A . rder B . truble C . sight D . debt
2. A . challenging B . amusing C . amazing D . encuraging
3. A . learned B . insisted C . expected D . cmplained
4. A . get by B . give in C . shw up D . stand ut
5. A . filled B . ffered C . refused D . valued
6. A . chance B . risk C . reward D . utcme
7. A . lead B . shape C . better D . prtect
8. A . smarter B . sadder C . calmer D . freer
9. A . fllwed B . cvered C . prduced D . replaced
10. A . independence B . happiness C . cnfidence D . gratitude
二、第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)(共3题；共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Jules Verne(1828-1905)is regarded as ne f the fathers f science fictin.
He 11 (pen)54 nvels as part f his"Extrardinary Vyages"series.Many f his stries feature a brilliant but mad scientist 12 inventins ultimately bring mre harm than gd.Captain Nem uses his submarine t vilently attack ships, while Dr.Sarrasin's utpian city 13 (becme)the target f a takever plt. Fr Verne,human nature was the factr that determined 14 technlgy wuld be a frce fr gd r a surce f destructin.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The Internatinal Museum Day represents a unique mment fr the internatinal museum cmmunity. 15 (rganise)each year n 18 May,the celebratins can last a day,a weekend r a whle week.On this day, 16 (participate) museums plan creative events and highlight the imprtance f the rle f museums as institutins.Nw,participatin in Internatinal Museum Day 17 (grw) amng museums all ver the wrld.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The summers f my childhd were 18 (stick)ht.At night,we ran windw fans and hped fr cler air.But thse summer nights seem pleasant cmpared with the extrardinary heat waves nwadays.Till this summer,thusands f new recrds 19 (set)nt just fr daily high temperatures,but als fr warmest vernight lws.Ht nights are dangerus 20 they rb peple f the chance t cl dwn befre the next burning day.
三、第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)(共14题；共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Student Vlunteer Internships 2023-2024
A limited number f unpaid internships(实习)are available in Washingtn,D.C. within the Prtectin Agency's(EPA)Office f Water.Yu must be a full-time undergraduate r graduate student.A diversity f candidates within varius felds f study are encuraged t apply,including degree candidates in the fllwing subjects:
·Hydrlgy,aquatic bilgy,marine science,envirnmental engineering,gelgy,meterlgy,sil science,etc
·Public health,txiclgy,sanitatin,envirnmental justice,etc
·Public administratin,finance,management,cmmunicatins,etc.
Candidates shuld have a demnstrated interest r career gals in a water-health r public-health related field,including sustainability and resilience.Demanded qualities include strng analytical,written and ral skills,the ability t wrk independently and n a team,and a strng desire t take initiative.
The vlunteer intern will wrk fr a minimum f 12 weeks n a full-time(40 hurs per week)r part-time(20 hurs per week)schedule.Participants will nt be paid,but are qualified t apply fr a travelling expense.Participants d nt becme EPA emplyees during their stay.
Applicatins will be accepted n a rlling basis;hwever,mst prjects will arise fr internship pprtunities during the Summer Semester.Please submit yur applicatin at least 2 mnths befre each semester begins.We recgnize that timeframes may vary due t class schedules and we will wrk with individual candidates t specify exact timing and duratin as necessary.The general timeframes by semester are as fllws:
Summer Semester(late May thrugh late August)
Fall Semester(September thrugh December)
Spring Semester(January thrugh April)
T apply,email a resume,cver letter,and a shrt writing sample(maximum 5
pages)t: braschayk. kelley@ epa.gv.
21. Accrding t the passage,applicants are required t ____.
A . be full-time graduate students B . speak freign language fluently C . have the ability t wrk with teams D . majr in a public-health related field
22. What will EPA prvide fr the vlunteer interns?
A . Financial supprt fr transprt. B . Persnalized wrk schedules. C . A letter f recmmendatin. D . Emplyment pprtunities
23. What shuld candidates d t apply fr the internship?
A . Email yur intern timeframes. B . Prvide the degree certificate. C . Wrk in a team fr 12 weeks D . Offer a shrt writing sample.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
At an airprt I verheard an ld man and his daughter in their last mments tgether.They had annunced her plane's departure and standing near the dr,he said t his daughter,"I lve yu,I wish yu enugh."
She said,"Daddy,ur life tgether has been mre than enugh.Yur lve is all I ever needed.I wish yu enugh,t,Daddy."They kissed gd-bye and she left.
He walked ver tward the windw where I was seated.Standing there I culd see he wanted and needed t cry.I tried nt t intrude n his privacy,but he welcmed me in by asking,"Did yu ever say gd-bye t smene knwing it wuld be frever?""Yes,I have,"Ireplied.
Saying that brught back memries I had f expressing my lve and appreciatin fr all my Dad had dne fr me.Recgnizing that his days were limited,I tk the time t tell him face t face hw much he meant t me.S I knew what this man was experiencing.
"Frgive me fr asking,but why is this a frever gd-bye?"I asked.
"I am ld and she lives much t far away.I have challenges ahead and the reality is,her next trip back will be fr my funeral,"he said.
"When yu were saying gd-bye I heard yu say,'I wish yu enugh.'May I
ask what that means?"
He began t smile."That's a wish that has been handed dwn frm ther generatins.My parents used t say it t everyne."He paused fr a mment and lking up as if trying t remember it in detail,he smiled even mre.
"When we said 'I wish yu enugh',we were wanting the ther persn t have a life filled with enugh gd things t sustain them,"he cntinued and then turning
tward me,he shared the fllwing as if he were reciting it frm memry.
"I wish yu enugh sun t keep yur attitude bright.I wish yu enugh rain t appreciate the sun mre.I wish yu enugh happiness t keep yur spirit alive.I wish yu enugh pain s that the smallest jys in life appear much bigger.I wish yu enugh gain t satisfy yur wanting.I wish yu enugh lss t appreciate all that yu pssess.I wish enugh 'Hells' t get yu thrugh the final‘Gd-bye'."
24. The ld man want t cry because ____________________.
A,he was guilty fr nt lving his daughter enugh
B,his daughter didn't care abut him as expected
C,he had a slim chance t see his daughter again
D,his daughter's parting wrds made him sad
25. The authr mentined his Dad t shw ____.
A . his appreciatin fr his father's devtin B . his srrw fr his father leaving the wrld C . his understanding f the ldman's feeling D . his cncern fr the ld man's mental state
26. What message des the ld man's wish cnvey?
A . Every mment is a blessing. B . Great hpes make great men. C . Happiness lies in cntentment. D . T get time is t get everything.
27. Accrding t the passage,which can best describe the ld man?
A . Helpful and gentle. B . Wise and lving. C . Mdest and thughtful. D . Kind and generus.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The vilence f shaking frm an earthquake is usually fcused in the directin the quake is traveling.But a bmerang quake may spread the intense shaking acrss a wider zne.The new study, published tday in the jurnal Nature Gescience,is a majr step tward clearing up the cmplex physics behind bmerang quakes and understanding their ptential damage.
The latest bmerang was recrded near the mid-cean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016.By examining the psitin f the epicenter(震中)and the energy released by each shaking phase,Stephen Hicks,an earthquake seismlgist at the Imperial Cllege Lndn and first authr f the new study,identified what seemed t be tw steps f the quake:The quake initially headed eastward,but then turned back west. "This was weird,"he says.This secnd leg f the quake mved remarkably quickly, at s-called supershear speeds.The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11,000 miles per hur—fast enugh t dart frm New Yrk t Lndn in 18.5 minutes,s fast that it caused the gelgic versin f a snic bm.
Hw ften des this happen?A bmerang quake at supershear speeds,as Hicks and his team bserved in the Atlantic,may be a fairly rare type.But wider evidence f bmerang quakes is munting.These back-tracking events have been studied in cmputer mdels as well as simulated in lab experiments."The thery says that it's there,but it's quite difficult t see that [in the real wrld],"says Hicks.The 2016 earthquake in Kumamt als seems t have ruptured(破裂)in a similar prcess.Fr that event,the initial shake triggered tw ther quakes,ne f which raced backward t partially verlap the initial break.
Understanding when and why these bmerang events happen is vital t grappling with risks earthquakes present."Studies like this help us understand hw past earthquakes ruptured,hw future earthquakes may rupture,and hw that relates t the ptential impact fr faults(断层)near ppulated areas,"says Hicks.
These bmerangs maybe bscured by cnventinal appraches used t analyze quakes,which are based n an assumptin that a quake rushes in ne directin. "Naturally we're nt lking fr it,we dn't expect it t exist,"Hicks says.Yet fr earthquakes,it seems,cmplexities might be the nrm rather than the exceptin.As Hicks puts it:"The mre and mre we lk at earthquakes in mre detail,f curse we see stranger things."
28. A bmerang earthquake differs frm ther quakes because ____.
A . it mves at a super-fast speed B . it triggers several small quakes C . it releases immeasurable energy D . it shakes in tw ppsite directins
29. Frm the passage,we can learn that ____.
A . the cming f the next bmerang can be predicted B . bmerangs are t cmplex t be fully understd C . bmerang events are cmmnplace in the real wrld D . cmmn methds are reliable in analyzing bmerangs
30. What des the underlined phrase"grappling with"in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A . putting ff B . cping with C . bringing abut D . fighting against
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。All ver the wrld,frmal educatin supplies the ecnmy with wrkers wh will increase prductivity t fuel the ecnmic machine,But this machine nw
threatens ur very survival.,If the entire wrld reaches the levels f cnsumptin seen in high-incme cuntries tday,we'll need multiple planet Earths t supply the resurces,The absurd(荒谬的)idea f infinite grwth within a finite territry is at the heart f ur ecnmic system.
T keep this machine running,frmal educatin generates ever mre efficient "human capital",Increasing prductivity metrics(指标)rather than the individuality f students drives ur civilizatin's apprach t schling ur yung peple Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability,the ppsite is ften true:The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis.T get thrugh this crisis,we need t cultivate ur imaginatin,nt undermine it.
Grwing up,nne f my schling fstered my ability t imagine a wrld different frm what I saw arund me.Besides,I realize the suppressin(抑制)f children's imaginatin desn't take place nly in underresurced cmmunities,but in"elite"institutins that tut"critical thinking".Schls want t see their graduates succeed,and success is t ften abut maintaining current structures—nt abut reimagining their fundatins.
Essentially,ur educatin systems shape children in the image f artificial intelligence.The perfect"wrker",AI,cntinually imprves its wn prductivity but desn't challenge the larger structures within which it perates.It is ne f the great paradxes f ur time that we invest s much int building supercmputers while marginalizing the imaginative ptential f millins f human brains.What's mre, we even put ur hpe in slving the envirnmental crisis n AI.But AI,like ur ther technlgies,can nly treat the symptms f the envirnmental crisis,nt the causes
Thrughut histry,achievers f great change have relied n their imaginatins t address fundamental flaws in sciety.In my cuntry f birth,cmmunists kept their dreams f demcracy alive fr decades by imagining different futures.In Suth Africa,Nelsn Mandela's fllwers had t be radical(激进的)in their imaginatin t create a visin f a fairer sciety.Imagining demcracy when living under a ttalitarian regime(极权主义政权)isn't that different frm imagining degrwth when living in a wrld f infinite grwth,
The kind f intelligence that Nelsn Mandela and such pssessed was nt artificial.The ability treimagine the future and disrupt the current situatin remains a distinctly human quality.Unlike AI,children are naturally imaginative and questin the premises f sciety.In my research,I have bserved that yunger children are ften the mst radical in imagining different futures.
As lng as ur imaginatin is curtailed,ideas like degrwth sund utpian(乌托 邦 的 )t many,Cultivating imaginatin means learning frm histry's disrupters wh made the impssible pssible.Instead f dismissing"childish"ideas abut the wrld's future,it means seeing inspiratin in children's imaginatins.In an educatin system that celebrates imaginatin,arts and creativity are as imprtant as math and science.Idealism cexists with pragmatism.The envirnmental crisis is nt a crisis f technlgy r science,it is a crisis fimaginatin.If we let children be ur guides,we might be able t imagine ur way t survival.
31. The authr hpes educatin can play its rle in ____.
A . develping human resurces B . prmting sustainable develpment C . increasing prductivity D . maximizing ecnmic grwth
32. Frm the passage,we can learn that ____.
A . imaginatin isn't well develped in schls B . AI helps explit the ptential f human brains C . graduates'success changes the scial structures D . AI can address the rt cause f ecnmic crisis
33. Nelsn Mandela is mentined as ____.
A . a success in building a fair sciety B . a leader wh had a great influence C . a pineer pssessing the quality fAI D . an inspiratin t slve scial prblems
34. Accrding t the passage,the authr may agree that ____.
A . children's imaginatin ensures human's survival B . the envirnmental crisis results frm technlgy C . imaginatin can help slve envirnmental crisis D . the"childish"ideas will ruin the wrld's future
四、第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)(共1题；共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What CameFirst,the Chicken r the Egg?
Chickens are ne f the mst ecnmically imprtant animals in the wrld tday. 35 ,Recent advancements in archaelgical methdlgies have unveiled that numerus bne discveries,nce believed t be evidence f early chíckens,actually belng t wild birds,
Nw,in a new publicatin,an internatinal team f archaelgists,histrians, and bimlecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence fr the raising f chickens fr egg prductin.Using eggshell fragments cllected frm 12 archaelgical sites cvering rughly 1500 years,the researchers shw that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia frm apprximately 400 BCE t 1000 CE and were likely spread alng the ancient Silk Rad. 36 .It was this trait f prductive egg laying,the researchers argue,that made the dmestic chicken s attractive t ancient peples
37 .They cllected tens f thusands f eggshell fragments frm sites lcated alng the main Central Asian crridr f the Silk Rad.They then used a methd f bimlecular analysis called ZMS t identify the surce f the eggs. The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens,and their abundance at each site,led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. 38 .In the wild, this kind f bird nests nce per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch(窝). This is the earliest evidence fr the lss f seasnal egg laying yet identified in the archaelgical recrd.Meanwhile,it is an imprtant clue fr better understanding the mutualistic(共生的)relatinships between humans and animals that resulted in dmesticatin
Taken tgether,the new study suggests an answer t the age-ld riddle f the
chicken and the egg. 39 .
A.T reach these cnclusins,the team did a lt f wrk.
B.The abundance f eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying ut f seasn.
C.Yet,the stry f hw they riginated and spread thrughut the ancient wrld remains largely unclear.
D.Research shws chickens were bred thrughut suthern Central Asia,and were spread alng the ancient Silk Rad.
E.The birds must have been laying mre frequently than their wild ancestr,the red jungle fwl
F.They argue that the lss f seasnal egg laying was the main drive fr the spread f dmestic chickens acrss Eurasia and nrtheast Africa
G.As the evidence in Central Asia suggests,the ability t lay a large number f eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we knw tday,
五、第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)(共4题；共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
What We Really Knw Abut ASMR
If yu spend time n YuTube r TikTk,yu may have cme acrss vides f smene whispering int a micrphne,carefully slicing stacks f slime,r slwly ripping strips f paper.These vides are designed t trigger an autnmus sensry meridian(经络)respnse,r ASMR,a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine.
Watching vides that trigger ASMR is thught t lead t psitive respnses thrughut the bdy including enhanced md,relaxatin,and even pain relief.But can yu really achieve these benefits just by watching a shrt vide?A systematic review published seeks t answer that questin.German researchers cmbined the data frm 54 studies t better help us understand ASMR and its effects.
But first,where did this idea cme frm?There are references t feelings similar t ASMR in classic literature dating back t the early 1900s.The cntemprary definitins f ASMR sprang frm a discussin frum n a health-fcused website in 2007.A YuTuber named Jennifer Allen cined the term in 2010.
Based n the previus studies,the researchers cncluded that examples f triggers include whispering,tapping,and natural sunds,and it is imprtant t nte that specific triggers f ASMR and the intensity f the respnse vary widely by individuals.They als explred its benefits.Clear evidence shws that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety.Data als shws that it can imprve shrt-term memry.In specific cases,participants watching ASMR vides had lwer heart rates and bld pressure,physical signals f relaxatin.In additin,they fund that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns assciated with relaxatin and stress relief.
Despite the encuraging results,the authrs nted that many f the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack f diversity amng participants; mre research is needed t truly understand the impacts f ASMR.
Luckily,it's true that watching sensry vides f peple brushing their hair,whispering,and making sft repetitive nises can lead t relaxatin and stress relief.The best thing abut ASMR is that there are minimal side effects.S if yu're feeling anxius r stressed,it might be wrth watching a few minutes f ASMR vides t see if they help!
40. What is an autnmus sensry meridian respnse(ASMR)?
41. Accrding t the studies,what benefits can ASMR bring us?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement,then underline it and explain why.
>Althugh triggers f ASMR are different,they may cause reactins fsimilar intensity amng different peple.
43. Besides watching ASMR vides,what else d yu d when feeling anxius r stressed?
六、第二节(20分)(共1题；共20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的外国笔友 Jim来信向你倾诉他的烦恼：学 校艺术节展演在即，他任社长的舞蹈社与朋友的音乐社都想在学校仅有的一间排练 室(rehearsal rm)练习，导致两个社团都无法充分排练。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.解决问题的建议；
2.给予安慰或鼓励。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yurs,
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