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专题一0.第十章 动词语态（初升高衔接）（教师版+学生版）--（人教版高中英语）
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回顾一：各类时态的被动语态
8种常见时态的被动语态表达形式：①一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词；②一般过去时：was/were+过去分词；③现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词；④过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词；⑤一般将来时：will be+过去分词；⑥过去将来时：wuld be+过去分词；⑦现在完成时：has/have been+过去分词；⑧过去完成时：had been+过去分词。
1.With the develpment f China,Chinese by a large number f peple in the wrld. (B)
A.speaksB.is spkenC.speakD.is speaking
回顾二：情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态形式为：情态动词+be/have been+及物动词的过去分词。
2.-Please cme back earlier,hney!
-I'm nt a child!I shuld what t d!(B)
A.be tldB.nt be tldC.tellD.tells
3.(2021北京,11)Tday, many winter Olympic sprts even by children.
A.enjyed B.enjy C.were enjyed D.are enjyed
D 【解析】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语Tday可知应用一般现在时;sprts与 enjy之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,故选D。
4.(2021湖北武汉,31)—Did yu ntice the students a few why questins in Mr. Zhang’s class?
—Yes, I think he wanted t train their abilities f deep thinking.
A.are asked B.must be askedC.have been asked D.were asked
D 【解析】本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境判断用一般过去时,students与ask之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
5.(2021河北,39)These gifts by children in their last summer hlidays.
A.made B.were made C.make D.are made
B 【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处是谓语,由后面的by children可知此处应该用被动语态。由时间状语 in their last summer hlidays可知,句子时态用一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态构成为“was/were+动词的过去分词”;主语These gifts是复数,所以用were,故答案为B。
6.(2021云南昆明,32)A lt f teenagers think as they are lder and wiser, they t make their wn decisins.
A.shuld allw B.shuldn’t allwC.shuld be allwed D.shuldn’t be allwed
C 【解析】本题考查被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态的结构是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”,且根据语境“很多青少年认为随着他们长大而且更聪明了”可知,此处表达“他们应该被允许自己做决定”。
7.(2021辽宁本溪,9)The vides abut cking tell us hw fd .
A.makes B.made C.is made D.was made
C 【解析】本题考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,从句的主语fd与谓语动词make构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由主句的时态是一般现在时和从句意思可知,从句时态也应是一般现在时,故答案为C。
8.(2021内蒙古包头,34)Tea frm China began t be sent abrad mre than a thusand years ag and since then it t the wrld.
A.was knwn B.is knwnC.has been knwn D.knws
C 【解析】本题考查时态和语态。由时间状语“since then”可知,本句应用现在完成时。it与knw构成被动关系,应用被动语态,所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。it为第三人称单数,应用has。故答案为C。
高中知识衔接
高中阶段，我们将学习到更复杂的语法结构，因此主动语态和被动语态也会相对复杂一些。被动语态在高中阶段，因为往往出现在较复杂的句子结构和词汇中，因而需要在学习的时候认真记忆词汇并分析句子结构。
知识一：被动语态的特殊表达法
1.表示被动含义的主动动词
系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来)，sund(听起来)，prve(证明是)，feel(摸上去感到)等。如：
Gd medicine tastes bitter t the muth.良药苦口。
2.表示被动含义的主动结构
(1)动名词
be wrth(值得)，want(=need)(需要)，require(需要)后所用的动名词，必须用主动结构表示被动意义。如：
Yur hair wants/needs cutting(needs t be cut).你的头发该剪了。
(2)不定式
作定语：不定式结构常表示动宾关系，即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语（或双宾语）+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中，特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中。如：
There is s much wrk t d.有这么多事情要做。
(3)主语+be+形容词+不定式
常用于这个结构的形容词有amusing(有趣的)，cheap(便宜的)，dangerus(危险的)，hard(困难的)等。如：
The film is interesting t see.这部电影看起来很有趣。
3.特殊结构
“be+under+名词”结构：这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。如：
The building is under cnstructin.这座楼正在建设中。
经典例题
—Have yu read the bk Jane Eyre?
-Yes.It's a famus bk and really wrth
A.t readB.readingC.t be readD.read
【解答】答案为B。
【引申】Yu shuld get up early tmrrw mrning and get there befre the dr pens.
After all,the nvel well.
A.is sldB.is sellingC.sellsD.sld
【分析】
解答此题的关键是要明白sell与well连用时用主动表被动的用法。
【解答】答案为C。
【归纳】
sell(销售)，wash(洗)，clean(打扫)，bun(燃烧)，ck(煮)等词有用主动表被动的用法，需要特别记忆。
知识二：被动形式表主动
某些“动词+反身代词”结构中的动词，在变成被动语态时，表主动。此类动词有devte,lse,dress,seat等。如：
The girl dressed herself a blue skirt.
→The girl was dressed in a blue skirt..那个女孩穿着蓝色的裙子。
经典例题
Shrtly after we a waiter came ver t ur table with a smile.
A.seatedB.were seatedC.sat urselvesD.tk places
【分析】做此题，要掌握seat的用法，以及和sit的区别。sit为不及物动词，故C项排除。D项不通。
【解答】答案为B。
【归纳】解答此类题，除掌握特殊情况外，还要掌握同义词之间的区别。
知识三：区别被动语态和系表结构
被动语态和系表结构在构成上是相同的，都是由be+过去分词而构成，所以在应用时应注意它们的区别。
被动语态：表示以主语为承受者的动作。
系表结构：表示主语的特点或所处的状态。
有些动词的过去分词跟在系动词后，已经具有形容词特征，这样的结构往往是系表结构。
如：be excited兴奋的；be cmpleted完成的；be finished完成的；be delighted高兴的；be surprised惊讶的；be frightened害怕的；be tired累的；be married已婚的；be wrried担心的。
我们可以通过状语来判断句子是被动语态，还是系表结构。
(1)有时间状语和方式状语的，一般为被动语态。如：
The library is clsed at six.图书馆六点钟关门。
(2)在句中有by+人和by+抽象名词时，句子多用被动语态，而by+物时，多用于系表结构。
The buildings were surrunded by peple.大楼被人们包围了。（被动语态）The huse is surrunded by trees.房子周围都是树。（系表结构）
思考总结
被动语态常见的考点为：1.不规则动词的过去分词的拼写；2.主动形式表示被动含义的表达方式；3.各种时态的被动语态；4.被动语态和主系表结构的区别。
我们要学会灵活使用被动语态，在书面表达中，这会使得文章显得地道、精炼。
随堂练习
一.单句填空
1.Since the very beginning, the technlgical base needed fr 5G (cnsider).
【答案】has been cnsidered
2.These dams are smetimes six r seven hundred feet in length, and they (cnstruct) s delicately that they lk mre like the wrk f man than f little dumb beasts.
【答案】are cnstructed
3.Later, Nelsn (award) the Presidential Medal f Freedm in recgnitin f his wrk.
【答案】was awarded
4.Over the years the tpics which were cntrversial at the time (discuss) and debated.
【答案】have been discussed
二.单句改错
5.Every ne f yu are encuraged t visit it.
【答案】are→is
6.The vluntary activity was ffered us an pprtunity t cntribute t ur sciety.
【答案】删除was
7.When we arrived, we were warmly welcme by them.
【答案】welcme→welcmed
8.Since last winter, the smg has been ccurred a lt f times.
【答案】删除been
三
1.(2019江苏,33)They are trying t make sure that 5G terminals (install) by 2022 fr the Beijing Winter Olympics.
【答案】will have been installed
2.(2019天津,8)Amy, as well as her brthers, (give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
【答案】was given
3.(2018天津,13)My washing machine (repair)this week, s I have t wash my clthes by hand.
【答案】is being repaired
4.(2018江苏,30)I was sent t the village last mnth t see hw the develpment plan (carry) ut in the past tw years.
【答案】had been carried
5.(2017北京,29)In the 1950s in the USA, mst families had just ne phne at hme, and wireless phnes (invent) yet.
【答案】hadn’t been invented
6.(2017天津,6)Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, (regard) as ne f the best all-rund frms f exercise.
【答案】is regarded
7.(2017江苏,27)He hurried hme, never nce lking back t see if he (fllw).
【答案】was being fllwed
8.(2016北京,30)The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts (reward)with success in the end.
【答案】will be rewarded
9.(2015天津,9)Despite the previus runds f talks,n agreement (reach)s far by the tw sides.
【答案】has been reached
10.(2015北京,22)—Did yu enjy the party?
—Yes.We (treat)well by ur hsts.
【答案】were treated
11.(2015安徽,29)It is reprted that a space statin (build) n the mn in years t cme.
【答案】will be built
12.(2015福建,26)T my delight, I was (chse) frm hundreds f applicants t attend the pening ceremny.
【答案】chsen
四
1.(2020届河北邢台摸底一,67)After the United States wn the Mexican-American War in 1848, New Mexic became an American territry. In 1912, it (declare) the 47th state.
【答案】was declared
2.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测Ⅰ,62)In the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thusand years t the use f animal bnes and shells n which symbls (carve) by ancient Chinese peple.
【答案】were carved
3.(2020届河南九师联盟9月质检,62)It will be the first US rller caster knwn fr a free-fall vertical drp, which ttals 17 feet. Visitrs (cast) 65 feet in the air at a mre than 70 degree angle and then immediately drp backward in ne mvement.
【答案】will be cast
4.(2020届山西太原五中9月月考,49)In 1976, he (rank) as the wrld’s secnd recgnizable celebrity.
【答案】was ranked
5.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,69)Scientists say mnarchs will be in danger f dying ut in the next 20 years if nthing (d) t save them.
【答案】is dne
6.(2019海南儋州一次统测,66)Accrding t The Oxfrd Guide t Cntemprary Wrld Literature, Jin Yng’s nvels (cnsider) t be f very high quality.
【答案】are cnsidered
7.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试,61)The Wrld Wide Web is cmpsed f different websites, which (create) by peple and rganizatins arund the wrld.
【答案】are created
8.(2018吉林百校联盟上学期联考,65)Once yur brain (disturb) by sme ther activities, yu may actually get sleepy again.
【答案】is disturbed
9.(2018湖南师大附中月考一,68) Advice which (give) withut being asked fr is called ‘unslicited advice’ in English, namely ‘nt requested advice’.
【答案】is given
五
These days, 1 wmen and men 2 (surrund) by magazines and websites full f tips n dieting, exercise and fashin. Gne 3 (be) the days when all men had t think abut wearing a nice suit t be smart and handsme. Things 4 (change).
Nw, a survey has suggested that 80% f men admit being unhappy abut their bdies. The biggest bdy issues fr them are beer bellies and lack f muscles. Sme think this sudden vanity is due t the pressure r influence f mdels we 5 (see) n TV and in magazines. Peple end up 6 a perceptin f what the perfect bdy shuld lk like. But nt everybdy 7 (want) t put in the effrt t have perfect muscles 8 Arnld Schwarzenegger. An pprtunistic designer has even 9 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt t make the buyer lk mre f a hunk(猛男).
But Je Warner, the frmer editr f Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many peple in the cuntry are verweight and shuld accept that they need t d mre exercise regularly. Exercise is always gd. But we mustn’t frget beauty is nly skin-deep. Character is 10 (imprtant) than appearance.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】
changed5.see/have imprtant
回顾一：各类时态的被动语态
8种常见时态的被动语态表达形式：①一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词；②一般过去时：was/were+过去分词；③现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词；④过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词；⑤一般将来时：will be+过去分词；⑥过去将来时：wuld be+过去分词；⑦现在完成时：has/have been+过去分词；⑧过去完成时：had been+过去分词。
1.With the develpment f China,Chinese by a large number f peple in the wrld. (B)
A.speaksB.is spkenC.speakD.is speaking
回顾二：情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态形式为：情态动词+be/have been+及物动词的过去分词。
2.-Please cme back earlier,hney!
-I'm nt a child!I shuld what t d!(B)
A.be tldB.nt be tldC.tellD.tells
3.(2021北京,11)Tday, many winter Olympic sprts even by children.
A.enjyed B.enjy C.were enjyed D.are enjyed
D 【解析】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语Tday可知应用一般现在时;sprts与 enjy之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,故选D。
4.(2021湖北武汉,31)—Did yu ntice the students a few why questins in Mr. Zhang’s class?
—Yes, I think he wanted t train their abilities f deep thinking.
A.are asked B.must be askedC.have been asked D.were asked
D 【解析】本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境判断用一般过去时,students与ask之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
5.(2021河北,39)These gifts by children in their last summer hlidays.
A.made B.were made C.make D.are made
B 【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处是谓语,由后面的by children可知此处应该用被动语态。由时间状语 in their last summer hlidays可知,句子时态用一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态构成为“was/were+动词的过去分词”;主语These gifts是复数,所以用were,故答案为B。
6.(2021云南昆明,32)A lt f teenagers think as they are lder and wiser, they t make their wn decisins.
A.shuld allw B.shuldn’t allwC.shuld be allwed D.shuldn’t be allwed
C 【解析】本题考查被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态的结构是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”,且根据语境“很多青少年认为随着他们长大而且更聪明了”可知,此处表达“他们应该被允许自己做决定”。
7.(2021辽宁本溪,9)The vides abut cking tell us hw fd .
A.makes B.made C.is made D.was made
C 【解析】本题考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,从句的主语fd与谓语动词make构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由主句的时态是一般现在时和从句意思可知,从句时态也应是一般现在时,故答案为C。
8.(2021内蒙古包头,34)Tea frm China began t be sent abrad mre than a thusand years ag and since then it t the wrld.
A.was knwn B.is knwnC.has been knwn D.knws
C 【解析】本题考查时态和语态。由时间状语“since then”可知,本句应用现在完成时。it与knw构成被动关系,应用被动语态,所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。it为第三人称单数,应用has。故答案为C。
高中知识衔接
高中阶段，我们将学习到更复杂的语法结构，因此主动语态和被动语态也会相对复杂一些。被动语态在高中阶段，因为往往出现在较复杂的句子结构和词汇中，因而需要在学习的时候认真记忆词汇并分析句子结构。
知识一：被动语态的特殊表达法
1.表示被动含义的主动动词
系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来)，sund(听起来)，prve(证明是)，feel(摸上去感到)等。如：
Gd medicine tastes bitter t the muth.良药苦口。
2.表示被动含义的主动结构
(1)动名词
be wrth(值得)，want(=need)(需要)，require(需要)后所用的动名词，必须用主动结构表示被动意义。如：
Yur hair wants/needs cutting(needs t be cut).你的头发该剪了。
(2)不定式
作定语：不定式结构常表示动宾关系，即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语（或双宾语）+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中，特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中。如：
There is s much wrk t d.有这么多事情要做。
(3)主语+be+形容词+不定式
常用于这个结构的形容词有amusing(有趣的)，cheap(便宜的)，dangerus(危险的)，hard(困难的)等。如：
The film is interesting t see.这部电影看起来很有趣。
3.特殊结构
“be+under+名词”结构：这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。如：
The building is under cnstructin.这座楼正在建设中。
经典例题
—Have yu read the bk Jane Eyre?
-Yes.It's a famus bk and really wrth
A.t readB.readingC.t be readD.read
【解答】答案为B。
【引申】Yu shuld get up early tmrrw mrning and get there befre the dr pens.
After all,the nvel well.
A.is sldB.is sellingC.sellsD.sld
【分析】
解答此题的关键是要明白sell与well连用时用主动表被动的用法。
【解答】答案为C。
【归纳】
sell(销售)，wash(洗)，clean(打扫)，bun(燃烧)，ck(煮)等词有用主动表被动的用法，需要特别记忆。
知识二：被动形式表主动
某些“动词+反身代词”结构中的动词，在变成被动语态时，表主动。此类动词有devte,lse,dress,seat等。如：
The girl dressed herself a blue skirt.
→The girl was dressed in a blue skirt..那个女孩穿着蓝色的裙子。
经典例题
Shrtly after we a waiter came ver t ur table with a smile.
A.seatedB.were seatedC.sat urselvesD.tk places
【分析】做此题，要掌握seat的用法，以及和sit的区别。sit为不及物动词，故C项排除。D项不通。
【解答】答案为B。
【归纳】解答此类题，除掌握特殊情况外，还要掌握同义词之间的区别。
知识三：区别被动语态和系表结构
被动语态和系表结构在构成上是相同的，都是由be+过去分词而构成，所以在应用时应注意它们的区别。
被动语态：表示以主语为承受者的动作。
系表结构：表示主语的特点或所处的状态。
有些动词的过去分词跟在系动词后，已经具有形容词特征，这样的结构往往是系表结构。
如：be excited兴奋的；be cmpleted完成的；be finished完成的；be delighted高兴的；be surprised惊讶的；be frightened害怕的；be tired累的；be married已婚的；be wrried担心的。
我们可以通过状语来判断句子是被动语态，还是系表结构。
(1)有时间状语和方式状语的，一般为被动语态。如：
The library is clsed at six.图书馆六点钟关门。
(2)在句中有by+人和by+抽象名词时，句子多用被动语态，而by+物时，多用于系表结构。
The buildings were surrunded by peple.大楼被人们包围了。（被动语态）The huse is surrunded by trees.房子周围都是树。（系表结构）
思考总结
被动语态常见的考点为：1.不规则动词的过去分词的拼写；2.主动形式表示被动含义的表达方式；3.各种时态的被动语态；4.被动语态和主系表结构的区别。
我们要学会灵活使用被动语态，在书面表达中，这会使得文章显得地道、精炼。
随堂练习
一.单句填空
1.Since the very beginning, the technlgical base needed fr 5G (cnsider).
【答案】has been cnsidered
2.These dams are smetimes six r seven hundred feet in length, and they (cnstruct) s delicately that they lk mre like the wrk f man than f little dumb beasts.
【答案】are cnstructed
3.Later, Nelsn (award) the Presidential Medal f Freedm in recgnitin f his wrk.
【答案】was awarded
4.Over the years the tpics which were cntrversial at the time (discuss) and debated.
【答案】have been discussed
二.单句改错
5.Every ne f yu are encuraged t visit it.
【答案】are→is
6.The vluntary activity was ffered us an pprtunity t cntribute t ur sciety.
【答案】删除was
7.When we arrived, we were warmly welcme by them.
【答案】welcme→welcmed
8.Since last winter, the smg has been ccurred a lt f times.
【答案】删除been
三
1.(2019江苏,33)They are trying t make sure that 5G terminals (install) by 2022 fr the Beijing Winter Olympics.
【答案】will have been installed
2.(2019天津,8)Amy, as well as her brthers, (give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
【答案】was given
3.(2018天津,13)My washing machine (repair)this week, s I have t wash my clthes by hand.
【答案】is being repaired
4.(2018江苏,30)I was sent t the village last mnth t see hw the develpment plan (carry) ut in the past tw years.
【答案】had been carried
5.(2017北京,29)In the 1950s in the USA, mst families had just ne phne at hme, and wireless phnes (invent) yet.
【答案】hadn’t been invented
6.(2017天津,6)Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, (regard) as ne f the best all-rund frms f exercise.
【答案】is regarded
7.(2017江苏,27)He hurried hme, never nce lking back t see if he (fllw).
【答案】was being fllwed
8.(2016北京,30)The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts (reward)with success in the end.
【答案】will be rewarded
9.(2015天津,9)Despite the previus runds f talks,n agreement (reach)s far by the tw sides.
【答案】has been reached
10.(2015北京,22)—Did yu enjy the party?
—Yes.We (treat)well by ur hsts.
【答案】were treated
11.(2015安徽,29)It is reprted that a space statin (build) n the mn in years t cme.
【答案】will be built
12.(2015福建,26)T my delight, I was (chse) frm hundreds f applicants t attend the pening ceremny.
【答案】chsen
四
1.(2020届河北邢台摸底一,67)After the United States wn the Mexican-American War in 1848, New Mexic became an American territry. In 1912, it (declare) the 47th state.
【答案】was declared
2.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测Ⅰ,62)In the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thusand years t the use f animal bnes and shells n which symbls (carve) by ancient Chinese peple.
【答案】were carved
3.(2020届河南九师联盟9月质检,62)It will be the first US rller caster knwn fr a free-fall vertical drp, which ttals 17 feet. Visitrs (cast) 65 feet in the air at a mre than 70 degree angle and then immediately drp backward in ne mvement.
【答案】will be cast
4.(2020届山西太原五中9月月考,49)In 1976, he (rank) as the wrld’s secnd recgnizable celebrity.
【答案】was ranked
5.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,69)Scientists say mnarchs will be in danger f dying ut in the next 20 years if nthing (d) t save them.
【答案】is dne
6.(2019海南儋州一次统测,66)Accrding t The Oxfrd Guide t Cntemprary Wrld Literature, Jin Yng’s nvels (cnsider) t be f very high quality.
【答案】are cnsidered
7.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试,61)The Wrld Wide Web is cmpsed f different websites, which (create) by peple and rganizatins arund the wrld.
【答案】are created
8.(2018吉林百校联盟上学期联考,65)Once yur brain (disturb) by sme ther activities, yu may actually get sleepy again.
【答案】is disturbed
9.(2018湖南师大附中月考一,68) Advice which (give) withut being asked fr is called ‘unslicited advice’ in English, namely ‘nt requested advice’.
【答案】is given
五
These days, 1 wmen and men 2 (surrund) by magazines and websites full f tips n dieting, exercise and fashin. Gne 3 (be) the days when all men had t think abut wearing a nice suit t be smart and handsme. Things 4 (change).
Nw, a survey has suggested that 80% f men admit being unhappy abut their bdies. The biggest bdy issues fr them are beer bellies and lack f muscles. Sme think this sudden vanity is due t the pressure r influence f mdels we 5 (see) n TV and in magazines. Peple end up 6 a perceptin f what the perfect bdy shuld lk like. But nt everybdy 7 (want) t put in the effrt t have perfect muscles 8 Arnld Schwarzenegger. An pprtunistic designer has even 9 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt t make the buyer lk mre f a hunk(猛男).
But Je Warner, the frmer editr f Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many peple in the cuntry are verweight and shuld accept that they need t d mre exercise regularly. Exercise is always gd. But we mustn’t frget beauty is nly skin-deep. Character is 10 (imprtant) than appearance.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】
changed5.see/have imprtant
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