【暑假衔接】人教版新高二英语 暑假衔接讲义 第12讲 Unit 4 单词词组短语知识点讲解（选择性必修一）（教师版+学生版）

这是一份【暑假衔接】人教版新高二英语 暑假衔接讲义 第12讲 Unit 4 单词词组短语知识点讲解（选择性必修一）（教师版+学生版），文件包含暑假衔接人教版新高二英语暑假衔接讲义第12讲Unit4单词词组短语知识点讲解选择性必修一教师版docx、暑假衔接人教版新高二英语暑假衔接讲义第12讲Unit4单词词组短语知识点讲解选择性必修一学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共21页， 欢迎下载使用。

2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
※Just like spken language, bdy language varies frm culture t culture. (教材典句)
与口语一样, 身势语也因文化不同而存在差异。
※The clur f the insect varies with the seasn.
这种昆虫的颜色随季节而改变。
※(2020· 天津高考)Restaurants can ffer a chice f music alng with the varius fd chices n the menu, allwing custmers mre cntrl ver the atmsphere in which they are dining.
饭店可以随着菜单上各种食物的选择而提供音乐的选择, 这就允许顾客们更加自如地掌控他们就餐的氛围。
※(2020·浙江高考)Hwever, a variety f types is represented here.
然而, 各种各样的类型都被呈现在这里。
[知识拓展]
(1)vary in sth.在某方面不同
vary with sth. 随……而变化
vary ＝vary 由……到……情况不等
(2)variety n. 变化；种类；多样性
a variety f＝varieties f许多的；各种各样的
(3)varius adj. 各种各样的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①The students' wrk varies cnsiderably quality.
②Prices vary the type f the rm yu require.
③Opinins n this matter vary greatly frm persn t persn.
④由于各种原因，我不愿见他。
, I'd prefer nt t meet him.
＝ , I'd prefer nt t meet him.
＝ , I'd prefer nt t meet him.
【答案】1.in 2.with 3.t 4.Fr varius reasns,Fr a variety f reasns，Fr varieties f reasns,
2.apprve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
(教材P38)In ther cuntries, by cntrast, eye cntact is nt always apprved f.
相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
(1)vt.批准；通过（计划、要求等）
Cngress apprved the budget.国会批准了该预算。
The city cuncil apprved the building plan.
市议会批准了这项建筑计划。
(2)vi.赞成；同意。
D yu apprve f my idea?你同意我的想法吗？
Yu made a wise decisin, and I thrughly apprved f it.你做出了一个明智的决定，我完全赞同。
I am afraid yur parents wn't apprve f yur marrying him.我恐怕你的父母不会赞成你和他结婚。
※Why dn’t yu apprve f me taking part in the hbby grup? (话题典句)
你为什么不同意我加入兴趣小组?
※The decisin,made by Being’s bard,fllws the news last week that the Federal Aviatin Administratin wuld nt apprve f resumed flights f the 737 MAX airplanes befre 2020. (时事典句)
波音董事会是在上周曝出美国联邦航空管理局2020年前不会批准737 MAX喷气式客机复飞的消息后做出这项决定的。
※The Natinal Anthem Law, apprved in 2017, states that the natinal anthem shuld be played and sung at primary and middle schls natinwide.
2017年通过的《国歌法》规定, 全国中小学应当组织学生奏唱国歌。
※New public pinin plls shw the president’s apprval rating at its lwest pint since he tk ffice.
新的民意调查显示总统的支持率跌到了他就职以来的最低点。
[知识拓展]
(1)apprve f (ding) sth. 赞成/同意(做)某事
apprve f sb./ne's ding sth. 同意某人做某事
(2)apprval n. 赞许；赞成；同意；批准
【注意】
表达“赞成/同意某人做某事”不能用apprve sb. t d sth., 因为apprve作“同意；赞成”讲时是不及物动词，所以应该用apprve f sb./ne's ding sth.，其中介词f后是v.­ing的复合结构。
[词块]
apprve a new plicy批准一项新政策
apprve f the plan赞成这个计划
win/earn sb.'s apprval赢得某人的同意/赞许
[名师点津]
英语中有很多动词加al变为名词形式,常见的有:
apprve→apprval survive→survival
arrive→arrival refuse→refusal
（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①I apprve f yur (try) t make sme mney, but please dn't neglect yur studies.
②It fund many yungsters measure their status by hw much public (apprve) they gt nline.
③D yu apprve the idea that success can be measured in terms f mney alne?
（2）练能力：完成句子
他在学校表现出色，希望以此得到父母的赞许。
④By ding well at schl he hped t .
答案（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①I apprve f yur trying (try) t make sme mney, but please dn't neglect yur studies.
②It fund many yungsters measure their status by hw much public apprval (apprve) they gt nline.
③D yu apprve f the idea that success can be measured in terms f mney alne?
（2）练能力：完成句子
他在学校表现出色，希望以此得到父母的赞许。
④By ding well at schl he hped t win/earn_his_parents'_apprval.
3.differ vi.不同于；相异
(1)vi.有区别；与……相同；不同于。
民身人个一民医费人育，
His huse differs frm mine in having n garage.
他的房子和我的不同，区别在于没有车库。
(2)vi.(人）看法不同；与…意见不同。
The tw sides in the dispute still differ with each ther ver the questin f pay.
争执的双方在报酬问题上仍各持己见。
※American English and British English differ in sme small ways.
美式英语和英式英语在一些细节上有差别。
※Hw d bys differ frm girls in puzzle play?
在拼图游戏中男孩和女孩有着怎样的不同呢?
※But sme peple differ with us n that questin. (话题典句)
但是有些人在那个问题上和我们意见不同。
※(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Since I was a kid, I’ve cnsidered different jbs I wuld like t d.
自从我是个孩子的时候, 我就考虑我喜欢做的各种工作。
[知识拓展]
(1)differ in在……方面不同
differ frm 与……不同
(2)difference n. 不同之处
make a difference (t ...)(对……)起作用；(对……)有影响
(3)different adj. 不同的
be different frm ... in ... 在……方面与……不同
(4)differently adv. 不同地
[词块]
differ in their attitudes twards failure 他们对失败持有不同的态度
differ greatly in character 性格迥异
（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷)After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the (different) between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance — curisity and discntent.
②Even thugh we cmpletely differ frm each ther character, we are still great friends.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Over the years, there have been a number f (differ) techniques t help designers apprach this imprtant pint.
（2）练能力：完成句子
我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。
④I hld the firm belief that if everyne makes a little effrt, we can .
答案（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷)After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference (different) between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance — curisity and discntent.
②Even thugh we cmpletely differ frm each ther in character, we are still great friends.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Over the years, there have been a number f different(differ) techniques t help designers apprach this imprtant pint.
（2）练能力：完成句子
我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。
④I hld the firm belief that if everyne makes a little effrt, we can make_a_big_difference.
4. emply vt. 使用; 应用; 雇用 派生: emplyer n. 雇主 emplyee n. 雇员 emplyment n. 雇用
※The by emplyed a pen t pen the package instead f a knife. 男孩用钢笔而不是用小刀来打开包裹。
※Fr the past three years, he has been emplyed as a firefighter. 在过去的三年里, 他一直被聘为消防员。
※(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s. 跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法自20世纪80年代中期才开始使用。
※She has emplyed herself in making preparatins fr the meeting all the mrning.
整个上午她一直忙于会议的准备工作。
※(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)And when yur emplyees begin adding smiling emjis t their business cmmunicatin, yu’ll knw yu have succeeded in imprving yur wrk culture.
当你的员工们开始把微笑的表情符号加到他们的商业交流中去时, 你就会知道你已经成功地改进了你们的工作文化。
考点必记
(1)emply sb 雇用某人
(2)emplyee n.雇员
emplyer n.雇主
(3)emplyment n.使用;职业;雇用
unemplyment n.失业
跟踪训练
1. A number f peple have been emplyed ________ (deal) with the wrk
2. It requires n training befre ______________ (emply)
3. The ____________ (emply) f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere where his __________ (emply) enjy their wrk.
1.t deal 2.emplyment 3.emplyer emplyee
5.favur vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
※Elsewhere, peple favur shaking hands, bwing frm the waist, r ndding the head when they meet smene else. (教材典句)
在其他地方, 人们见面时更喜欢握手、深鞠躬或者点头。
※The warm climate favurs many types f trpical plants.
温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。
※The vtes are ttally in her favur.
投票结果完全对她有利。
※Many peple are in favur f a ban n smking in public.
许多人赞成在公共场所禁烟。
※D me a favur and turn the radi dwn while I am n the phne, will yu?
帮我个忙, 在我打电话时把收音机的声音调小一点好吗?
[知识拓展]
(1)ask sb. a favur＝ask a favur f sb. 请某人帮忙
d a favur fr sb.＝d sb. a favur 给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
in favur f 支持；赞同
(2)favurable adj. 赞成的；有利的
(3)favurite adj. 最喜爱的 n. 特别喜爱的人(或事物)
[词块]
win the teacher's favur 赢得老师的好感
frtune favurs the bld/brave 天佑勇者
favur yur prpsal 赞成你的建议
使用favur 构成的短语时需注意其中有无冠词。
Culd yu d me a favur and turn ff that light?
你能帮我个忙，把那盏灯关掉好吗？
-Can I ask a favur f yu?我可以请你帮个忙吗？
—Sure,what can I d fr yu?当然（可以）,我能为你做什么呢？
I am in favur f ging t the mvies n weekends.我赞成周末去看电影。
The delay f the match may be in ur favur.比赛推迟或许对我们有利。
The vte was 60:59 in his favur.投票结果是60:59,他占优势。
Frtune favurs thse wh use their judgement.机遇偏爱善断之人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Mst f them were in favur my pinin while David was against it.
②The exchange rate is ur favur fr the time being.
③今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？
Culd yu and pick up Sam frm schl tday? ＝Culd yu and pick up Sam frm schl tday?
④我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？
I want t ; will yu lend me yur cell phne?
＝I want t ；will yu lend me yur cell phne?
【答案】1.f 2.in 3.d me a favur，d a favur fr me4.ask a favur f yu， ask yu fr a favur
[图形助记]
6.break dwn消除；分解；打破
(1)(机器）损坏；破坏；出故障。为不及物动词短语。
The car brke dwn n his way hme.在他回家的路上汽车坏了。
The machine brke dwn at this busy hur.正忙的时候机器出了故障。
(2)(讨论、谈判等）失败。为不及物动词短语。
News reprts say peace talks between the tw cuntries have brken dwn with n agreement reached.据新闻报道两国的和谈失败，未达成任何协议。
(3)(健康或精神等方面）垮掉；崩溃。为不及物动词短语。
His health has brken dwn because f the pressure f wrk.由于工作压力，他的身体垮下来了。
(4)(化合物等）使分解。为及物动词短语。
Fd is brken dwn in the stmach.食物在胃里被分解。
※A smile can break dwn barriers. (教材典句)
微笑能消除隔阂。
※His car brke dwn halfway the day befre yesterday.
前天他的轿车半路上抛锚了。
※Her health brke dwn under the pressure f wrk.
工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。
※Sugar is brken dwn in the stmach. 糖在胃中被分解。
[知识拓展]
break away frm脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规
break in 闯入；强行进入
break ut 突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)
break up 打碎；分裂；解体；解散
[即学即练]——完成句子
①他的车在路上出故障了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
His car n the way, and that was why he was late fr the meeting.
②这个女孩挣脱她妈妈，跑了。
The girl her mther and ran away.
③这个乐队大约在1970年解散，但是令人高兴的是，到了20世纪80年代中期他们再次相聚。
The band abut 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid­1980s.
④在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。
Smething unexpected always in this area.
⑤为了很快地进入着火的房子， 消防队员拆了那面墙。
The firemen in rder t gain quick access t the building n fire.
【答案】1.brke dwn2.brke away frm3.brke up4.breaks ut5.brke dwn the wall
7.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人
※In Japan, smene wh witnesses anther persn emplying the gesture might think it means mney. (教材典句)在日本, 看到有人使用这个手势的人可能认为它是“钱”的意思。
※(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. 然而, 在目睹他们的母亲赢得学位的过程中孩子们已经学到了重要的一课。
※One witness t the accident said the driver appeared t be drunk. 那起事故的一个目击者说司机好像喝醉了。
※My cwrkers can give witness t my hnesty.
我的同事都能为我的诚实作证。
[知识拓展]
(1)witness sth. 目击了某事
witness t (ding)sth.证实，证明(做)某事
witness fr 为……作证
(2)be a witness t sth.是某事的证据/证人
bear/give witness t 做……的证人；为……作证
（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Last Sunday (witness) an extrardinary crss­cuntry running race, which nearly drew the attentin f every student and teacher f ur schl.
② (witness) thught he was dead but he wke up 20 minutes later, lying in muddy water.
③His gd health is a witness the success f the treatment.
（2）练能力：词汇升级
(普通表达)When he walked ut f the park, the ld man saw the rad accident.
④(高级表达)When he walked ut f the park, the ld man the rad accident.
答案（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Last Sunday witnessed (witness) an extrardinary crss­cuntry running race, which nearly drew the attentin f every student and teacher f ur schl.
②Witnesses (witness) thught he was dead but he wke up 20 minutes later, lying in muddy water.
③His gd health is a witness t the success f the treatment.
（2）练能力：词汇升级
(普通表达)When he walked ut f the park, the ld man saw the rad accident.
④(高级表达)When he walked ut f the park, the ld man witnessed the rad accident.
[图形助记]
8.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的
Which is a mre reliable guide fr understanding smene's feelings，their bdy language r the wrds they speak?
哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受：是肢体语言还是他们说的语言？
[例1] It has a highly reliable cntrl system.
它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。
[例2] He's a gd musician and ttally reliable．
他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。
[知识拓展]
(1)a reliable friend 可靠的朋友
be reliable as 作为……是可靠的
(2)rely v. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely n/upn 依靠；依赖
rely n it that... 相信
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①This statement is nt reliable evidence.
②It wuld be better t rely urselves than n thers.
③Yu may rely n that he will help yu.
④那个年轻人诚实，且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他很可靠。
The yung man is hnest, cperative, and is always there when yu need his help.In shrt, ．
[小片段填空]
The land, the essential means f prductin, is the mst living security that the peasants can ．
土地作为基本的生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。
【答案】1.as 2.n 3.it 4.he's reliable reliable ，rely n
ccupy vt. 占据; 占用
※With their chins n their hands, they ccupy themselves by staring ut f the windw r up at the ceiling. (教材典句)
他们双手托着下巴, 很专注地盯着窗外或天花板。
※Helen was fully ccupied lking after tw children.
照顾两个孩子使海伦忙得不可开交。
※(2020· 天津高考)It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner, t avid flish leaps int the dark, t be satisfied.
它鼓励我们占领自己的小角落, 避免愚蠢地跳进黑暗中, 去自我满足。
※Please state yur name, age and ccupatin belw.
请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。
【词组】
(1)ccupy neself with sth./in ding sth. 忙于……； 专心于……
(2)ccupied adj. 忙于……的；从事……的；已被占用的；被占领的
be ccupied in ding sth. 忙于做某事
be ccupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)ccupatin n. 占领； 职业；工作
【注意】
“忙于做某事”的其他表达方式有：be busy with sth./(in) ding sth.，be emplyed with sth./(in) ding sth.，be engaged in sth.。
[词块]
ccupy half f the time占用了一半的时间
ccupy herself with rutine ffice tasks她忙于办公室的日常工作
（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①I've invented a game that will keep the kids (ccupy) fr hurs.
②(天津卷)With the cllege entrance examinatin drawing near, I am ccupied preparing fr it.
③He wuld have attended yur birthday party but he ccupied himself a very imprtant experiment.
④The (ccupy) ccupied mst f her time, thus leaving her least time fr her family.
（2）练能力：句式升级
(普通表达)Jane has been ccupied in getting used t everything and she hasn't had time fr scial activities.
⑤(高级表达) ,Jane hasn't had time fr scial activities. (过去分词短语作状语)
⑥(高级表达) ,Jane hasn't had time fr scial activities.(现在分词短语作状语)
答案（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①I've invented a game that will keep the kids ccupied (ccupy) fr hurs.
②(天津卷)With the cllege entrance examinatin drawing near, I am ccupied in preparing fr it.
③He wuld have attended yur birthday party but he ccupied himself with a very imprtant experiment.
④The ccupatin(ccupy) ccupied mst f her time, thus leaving her least time fr her family.
（2）练能力：句式升级
(普通表达)Jane has been ccupied in getting used t everything and she hasn't had time fr scial activities.
⑤(高级表达)Occupied_in_getting_used_t_everything,Jane hasn't had time fr scial activities. (过去分词短语作状语)
⑥(高级表达)Occupying_herself_in_getting_used_t_everything,Jane hasn't had time fr scial activities.(现在分词短语作状语)
10. distinguish vi. & vt. 区分; 辨别
※Yu’re ld enugh t distinguish between fact and fantasy.
你已经长大了, 可以分清事实和虚幻了。
※(2019•北京高考) This task interdependence distinguishes baseball frm ftball and basketball.
这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。
※She distinguishes herself as a great vlleyball cach in the wrld.
作为优秀的排球教练她在世界上享有盛名。
※Marie Curie is distinguished fr her scientific achievements.
玛丽·居里因其科学成就而闻名。
词组
(1)distinguish between ... 区分/辨别……和……
distinguish ... frm ... 把……与……区分开来
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
(3)distinguishable adj. 可区别的；可辨别的
单句语法填空
①They can even distinguish their mther’s vice ________ that f a female stranger.
②He culd nt distinguish between cttn（棉花）_______ wl（羊毛）.
③As is knwn t us, M Yan is a ____________(distinguish) nvelist.
1.frm 2.and 3.distinguished