【暑假衔接】（人教版）新高一英语暑假衔接 第04讲 定语从句（学生版+教师版）讲义

这是一份【暑假衔接】（人教版）新高一英语暑假衔接 第04讲 定语从句（学生版+教师版）讲义，文件包含暑假衔接人教版新高一英语暑假衔接第04讲定语从句教师版docx、暑假衔接人教版新高一英语暑假衔接第04讲定语从句学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共25页， 欢迎下载使用。

基本概念和连接词
1. 基本概念：在英语中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：
The girl wh is behind the tree is Kate.
The man wh was driving t fast was drunk.
2. 连接词：
关系代词：that，which，wh，whm，whse，as；
关系副词：when，where，why.
定语从句类型：
限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句
不同点：
1. 形式上：有无逗号。限制性定语从句无逗号，非限制性定语从句有逗号。
2. 意义上：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用。
The gvernment which prmises t cut taxes will be ppular.
（限制性关系从句，指任何一个减税的政府）
The gvernment, which prmises t cut taxes, will be ppular.
（非限制性关系从句，补充说明（现任的）政府的情况）
关系代词的用法
1. 关系代词语法功能
（1）代替先行词
（2）它在定语从句中担任一定的成分;
（3）同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。如：
The building which/that stands by the river is ur schl.
在本句话中，which/that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building，同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。
2. 关系代词
（1）wh指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语（在从句中作宾语时，可省略）
The man( wh) I talked with is ur teacher.
A persn wh steals things is called a thief.
（2）whm指代人，在从句中作宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省）
The man (whm/wh) I talked t is Mr. Li.
The man t whm I talked is Mr. Li.
（3）whse 是代词的所有格形式，它既可以指代人也可以指代物，在从句中作定语。
I saw a wman. Her bag was stlen.（整合成一句话）
→I saw a wman whse bag was stlen.
Please shw me the bk. Its cver is red.（整合成一句话）
→Please shw me the bk whse cver is red.
（4）which指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省）
These are the trees which were planted last year.
The TV set (which) he bught yesterday is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) yu brrw bks frm?
Is this the library frm which yu brrw bks?
（5）that多指代物，有时也指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语
I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the imprtant news.
Wh is the persn that is reading the newspaper ver there?
（6）as作为关系代词的用法
as引导限制性定语从句，常与such, same等连用：
①such…as…像……那样的
I am just such a little girl as yu are.
②the same …as…和……一样的
She bught the same bike as yu did.
*说明：as引导非限制性定语从句，可置句首、句中、句尾，如：
As yu knw,ur band is very ppular.
3. 介词+关系代词
介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which指代物，用whm指代人。
This is the her (wh) we are prud f.
=This is the her f whm we are prud .
The rm (that/ which) I live in is very big.
=The rm in which I live is very big.
4. 只用that, 不用which的情况
（1）从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；
This is the mst interesting stry(that) I have ever heard.
The first meeting(that) we will take part in will be held in the afternn.
（2）先行词是smething，nthing，anything等不定代词时；
Here is smething( that) I will tell yu.
（3）先行词既有人也有物时，只能用that；
I can remember well the persns and sme pictures (that) I see.
（4）先行词是ne f, the ne, 或用 little，much，few，n，all，sme，any，the nly，the very，the same，the last作修饰时；
Is it the ne that yu want ?
I haven’t gt much that I can ffer yu.
5. 宜用 wh，不用that 的情况
（1）先行词是anyne, smene, thse时，关系词使用wh;
Thse wh want t g t the Great Wall sign up here.
Is there anyne wh wants t g there?
（2）在there be 句型中，先行词指人，关系词用wh;
There is an ld man wh wants t see yu.
There are many yung men wh are against him.
关系副词的用法
1. 关系副词的句法功能
（1）引导定语从句的；
（2）在从句中代替先行词；
（3）在从句中作状语。具体关系副词如下：where——在从句中作地点状语，指代地点；when——在从句中作时间状语，指代时间；why——在从句中作原因状语，指代原因。
2. 关系副词的运用
·The htel wasn’t clean. We stayed at the htel.（整合成一句话）
→The htel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
=The htel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
=The htel (which) we stayed at wasn’t clean.
考点一：常见关系代词的基本用法
Fr thse ________ want t see the film, put dwn yur names, please.
2.The gvernment has carried ut several new plans, ________benefits are varius and bvius.
3.She said she wuld d anything ________ culd help her mther recver frm the disease.
4.There were many fans in the scial media ________ expressed their sadness ver Jin Yng's death.
5. This is the mst interesting bk ________ I have read.
考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句
There was a time in England ________peple culd nt put up with each ther's ideas.
Life is like a race ________ we all cmpete with urselves against time.
Next mnth, ________ we will spend ur winter hlidays in ur hmetwn, is appraching.
考点三： 非限制性定语从句
He passed the cllege entrance examinatins, ________ made his parents very prud.
The cnference, ________ was reprted in the newspaper, turned ut t be a great success.
My sn, ________ wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
考点四：＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句
He wrte many bks, tw f________ have been published s far.

His thery is the basis n ________many theries abut educatin are built.
Sn the children in the camp had many new friends, with ________ they shared fd a stries.
考点五：定语从句与其他句型的区别
1.It was until late afternn he was figuring ut he cnsidered was a wise way t fight against it.
A. when; what B. that; that C. that; what D. when; that
2.Yu'll find the huses and circumstances there different, but much f ______ yu find inside will be familiar.
A. what B. which C. that D. these
3.When Beijing Opera masks, peple usually use white t highlight is bad in human nature.
A. painted; all B. t paint; all C. being painted; that D. painting; what
1（2022新高考I卷）
The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
2（2022全国甲卷）
On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, _________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
3（2022年浙江1月）
Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics __________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
4.（2021.6新高考1卷）
Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatle's sng "The Lng and Winding Rad". 1 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
5.（2021.3 天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is she always has s many crazy ideas.
A. whether B. why C. what D. when
基础过关检测
单项选择
1．We can think f many situatins ______ peple knew a lt f English wrds and expressins but culd hardly cmmunicate with native speakers.
A．whenB．whyC．whereD．which
2．Life is like a marathn ______ perseverance and cnsistent effrts cunt.
A．whenB．hwC．whereD．why
3．Occasins are quite rare _______I have the time t spend a day with my kids.
A．thatB．whereC．whileD．when
4．The experiment has reached a stage ______ they can almst d nthing abut it.
A．whichB．thatC．whereD．what
5．________ is knwn t the wrld, China’s Liu Xiang became the first Asian in histry t win the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.
A．ThatB．WhichC．AsD．It
6．Wh is the man ________was standing there?
A．whB．whichC．thatD．whm
7．I dn’t like the way ________ yu speak t her.
A．whichB．/C．f whichD．by which
8．New Yrk, ________ I visited last year, is a nice ld city.
A．thatB．whichC．whenD．in which
9．Twitter is a scial netwrking website ______ peple frm different cuntries cmmunicate with ne anther.
A．whenB．thatC．whereD．which
10．A bus cmpany________ driver caused an accident while using his mbile phne has been fined 10,000 yuan.
A．whichB．whC．whseD．what
11．Small tur grups frm cuntries________ crnavirus infectins are well under cntrl are welcme here
A．in whichB．whenC．thatD．frm which
12．The reasn________ sme peple pay mre attentin t their appearance is that they care much mre abut what ther peple think f them.
A．whereB．thatC．whenD．why
13．It is this bk, with ________ help yu have deepened yur understanding f Chinese culture, that is wrth reading.
A．whichB．thatC．whmD．whse
14．We will d smething fr thse students ________educatin can nt be cmpleted easily each year.
A．whseB．whichC．whmD．wh
15．A lt f lvers chse t get married n Dec. 12, 2012 ________ the date, the mnth and the year match.
A．whichB．in whichC．whenD．f which
16．The Nbel Prize in literature has been awarded annually t an authr frm any cuntry ________ has prduced “in the field f literature the mst utstanding wrk in an ideal directin”.
A．whichB．whC．whereD．as
17．Recently I bught an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasnable.
A．which priceB．f which priceC．price f whichD．whse price
18．We dn’t knw the number f peple ________ lst their hmes in the earthquake.
A．whmB．whC．whichD．/
19．Yu are the nly persn ________ advice Tm might listen t.
A．whB．whseC．thatD．which
20．He talked happily abut the men and bks ________ interested him greatly in the schl.
A．thatB．whenC．whD．Which
高考必考题型练习
一、完形填空
（四川省绵阳市南山中学2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试）Inspiratin
“Mama, when I grw up, I’m ging t be ne f thse!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Cmpany perfrm when I was three. It was the first time that my 1 tk n a lifelike frm and acted as smething imprtant t start my training. As I grew lder and 2 mre, my interests in the wrld f dance 3 changed but that little girl’s dream f smeday becming a 4 in the cmpany never left me. In the summer f 2005 when I was 18, I received the phne call which made that dream a 5 ; I became a member f the cmpany 6 back t 1925.
As I lk back n that day nw, it is surely 7 f any sense f reality. I believe I stayed in a state f pleasant disbelief 8 I was halfway thrugh rehearsals(排练) n my first day. I never actually 9 t get the jb. After being ffered the psitin, I was cmpletely 10 . I remember shaking with excitement.
Thugh I was excited with the change, it did nt cme withut its fair share f 11 . Thrugh the strict rehearsal perid f dancing six days a week, I fund it vital t 12 up the material fast with every last bit f cncentratin. It is that extreme 13 t detail and stress n practice that set us 14 . T then fllw thse high-energy rehearsals with a 15 shw plan f up t five perfrmances a day, I discvered a new 16 f the wrds “hard wrk.” What I thught were my physical 17 were pushed much further than I thught 18 . I learned t make each perfrmance better than the last.
Tday, when I lk at the unbelievable cmpany that I have the great 19 f being a part f, nt nly as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a 20 that has inspired nt nly generatins f little girls but a wnderful cmpany that cntinues t develp and grw — and inspires peple every day t fllw their dreams.
1．A．dreamB．planC．hbbyD．wrd
2．A．cnnectedB．requiredC．knewD．educated
3．A．exactlyB．certainlyC．prbablyD．hardly
4．A．directrB．trainerC．leaderD．dancer
5．A．regretB．memryC．truthD．reality
6．A．returningB．datingC．turningD．arriving
7．A．shrtB．ashamedC．fndD．plenty
8．A．whileB．sinceC．untilD．when
9．A．caredB．expectedC．askedD．decided
10．A．encuragedB．relaxedC．sureD．surprised
11．A．challengesB．prfitsC．advantagesD．adventures
12．A．putB．mixC．buildD．pick
13．A．cnnectinB．attentinC．attractinD．cnversatin
14．A．apartB．asideC．ffD．back
15．A．wnderfulB．variusC．busyD．huge
16．A．functinB．meaningC．expressinD．usage
17．A．limitsB．prblemsC．hardshipsD．effrts
18．A．necessaryB．perfectC．prperD．pssible
19．A．talentB．hnrC．pssibilityD．respnsibility
20．A．victryB．chiceC．traditinD．desire
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（四川省绵阳市南山中学2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试）A Respectable Watermeln Expert
China 1 (be) the largest prducer and cnsumer f watermelns in the wrld since 2018. And Wu Mingzhu, 92 years ld nw, is the unsung her wh has helped make this pssible. It’s fair 2 (say) that abut 80 percent f the watermelns served at peple’s dining tables every day are the result f great effrts made by Wu and her team ver mre than 60 years.
Admitted t Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in Chngqing in the late 1940s, Wu is an alumnus (校友) f Yuan Lngping, the “father f hybrid rice”. After tw years f applicatin failures, Wu succeeded in 3 (realize)her dream f starting her career in Xinjiang in 1955. Since then, she has put 4 (she)t grwing sweet melns.
Wu’s effrts t grw quality melns began paying ff in 1973, 5 she set up an ff-seasn grwing base in Hainan. Ging and returning between Xinjiang and Hainan 6 (frequent) fr many years, Wu develped mre than 20,000 f China’s new seed 7 (kind) thrugh ff-seasn grwing.
Wu’s cntributin has wn her many praises. She became 8 member f the Chinese Academy f Engineering in 1999 and an hnrary citizen f Sanya in 2004. In additin, grwers call her the “Queen f Melns”.
Nw suffering frm Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默) disease, Wu is ften 9 (able)t recgnize her frmer clleagues r even her family members. Hwever, the memry f her meln wrk 10 (remain) in her mind.
目标 1
掌握限制性定语从句。
目标 2
掌握非限制性定语从句。
目标 3
区分关系词。