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【暑假衔接】高中英语 新高三（高二升高三）自学课第07讲 主谓一致讲 与练 -【教师版+学生版】讲义
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了解主谓一致的原则
能够识别并正确运用主谓一致
【基础知识】
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
1．语法一致原则
(1)当主语后面接由as well as, accmpanied by, including, in additin t, mre than, n less than, rather than, with, tgether with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
①The leader and artist as well as sme f ur English teachers was given a chance t g abrad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
②My father, tgether with his wrkmates, has been t Beijing.
我父亲和他的同事们去过北京。
(2)由lts f, a lt f, a number f, plenty f等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。
③A great number f students wh were invited t the party were frm my schl.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
④A great deal f water is plluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。
但quantities/amunts f修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amunt的单复数形式。
⑤Quantities f infrmatin are available n the Internet.
在网上可得到大量的信息。
(3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
⑥Thse wh were praised at the meeting wuld be sent t America fr further study.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
⑦He married Mary, which was very natural.
他娶了玛丽，这是很自然的事。
(4)倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。
⑧A building stands in frnt f us.
→In frnt f us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
⑨Rws f fruit trees were n either side.
→On either side were rws f fruit trees.
在每一边都有一排排的果树。
b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或wh)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
⑩I am a dctr.
→It is I wh am a dctr.
我是一名医生。
⑪He is a dctr.
→It is he wh is a dctr.
他是一名医生。
2．就近一致原则
(1)由r, either ... r ..., neither ... nr ..., nt nly ... but als ... , nt ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
①Nt nly the students but als the teacher enjys listening t the music f this kind.
不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
②Neither the children nr the mther knws anything abut it.
孩子们和母亲都不知道这件事。
(2)在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
③There is a pen, tw knives and several bks n the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are tw knives, a pen and several bks n the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。
3．意义一致原则
(1)and, bth ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
①Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting rm.
她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
②The pet and writer has prduced many wrks.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
(2)“n/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋n/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
③Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
(3)动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
④T learn a freign language is nt s difficult as yu think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
⑤That he has wn the game is knwn t us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。
⑥Swimming in rivers in summer is a gd sprt, but t swim in rivers in winter needs great willpwer.
夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
[注意] 从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。
⑦What they need is mney while what we need mst are textbks.
他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。
(4)含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况：
a．many a/mre than ne＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
⑧Many a parent was frced t g thrugh this same painful prcess.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
b．the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty f, a great deal f等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
⑨The first part f the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very bring.
讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。
c．分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
⑩Abut ne third f the bks are wrth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
⑪Only 60 percent f the wrk was finished yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
[注意] ppulatin由分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
Twthirds f ppulatin have been killed in the accident.
在这次事故中2/3的人丧生。
(5)“a number f＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number f＋复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
⑫A number f students are ging fr a picnic this weekend.
这个周末许多学生打算去野炊。
⑬The number f days in February this year is 28.
今年二月份的天数是二十八天。
(6)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, grup, public, cmmittee, gvernment, audience等。
⑭The class cnsists f 25 bys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
⑮The class are ding experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
[注意] （1）peple， cattle， plice等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。
(2)单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， wrks， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
(7)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
⑯Three thusand dllars is quite a lt f mney fr a by.
对于一个男孩来说，3,000美元是一笔大数目。
(8)以s/ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, plitics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
⑰Bad news travels quickly.
[谚语]坏事传千里。
误区分析
误区一 句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语
(1)【误】The windws brken.
【正】The windws are/were brken.
[分析] “窗户应为被打破”，故应用被动语态，如直接用过去分词brken，句子则缺少谓语成分。此处也可将brken看作过去分词转化的形容词作表语。
(2)【误】Tday, the number f peple learn English is increasing rapidly in China.
【正】Tday, the number f peple wh learn English is increasing rapidly in China.
【正】Tday, the number f peple learning English is increasing rapidly in China.
[分析] 一个句子中只能有一个谓语，如出现两个(或两个以上)的谓语，须将另外出现的动词改为非谓语动词形式或用从句进行表述。
误区二 中式英语
(1)【误】I very like listen music and every day I als will see sme newspapers.
【正】I like listening t music very much and every day I read sme newspapers as well. (习惯性动作用一般现在时)
[分析] 修饰动词like应用副词(短语)；like后应加动名词或不定式，而不能直接跟动词原形；“看报纸”，在英语中用read而不用see，此为习惯表达。
(2)【误】I dn't knw I shuld d what.
【正】I dn't knw what I shuld d.
[分析] knw后为宾语从句，what引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语，引导词应放于从句句首，注意中英表达中语序的差异。
(3)【误】Our village has taken place great changes.
【误】Great changes have been taken place in ur village.
【正】Great changes have taken place in ur village.
[分析] take place为不及物动词短语，主语应是“事”而非“人”，且不能用于被动语态。
[注意] 造成以上错误的原因一方面在于对动词的语法功能和五种基本句式掌握不牢固，另一方面则是由于不了解中英表达的差异，受汉语干扰过大，这两类错误是特别容易犯的错误，尤其是在写作中，应高度重视。总之，这些错误都是由于基础薄弱而致，所以平时应多记多背多分析，不断积累总结，才能厚积薄发。
误区三 动词时态的误用
(1)【误】She prmised that she will nt let ut the plan t the press.
【正】She prmised that she wuld nt let ut the plan t the press.
[分析] 在宾语从句中，主从句的时态要保持前后一致。本句主句是一般过去时，故从句也要用相应的过去将来时态。
(2)【误】T arrange fr an appintment with us, please cmplete the reply slip and sent it back t us.
【正】T arrange fr an appintment with us, please cmplete the reply slip and send it back t us.
[分析] 根据语境以及and可知，sent应与cmplete保持一致，故sent改为send。
(3)【误】By the time yu will arrive in Lndn, we will have been in Eurpe fr tw weeks.
【正】By the time yu arrive in Lndn, we will have been in Eurpe fr tw weeks.
[分析] by the time后的时间状语从句一般用现在时表将来。
(4)【误】The detective fixed his sharp eyes n the bx, wndering whether he saw it smewhere befre.
【正】The detective fixed his sharp eyes n the bx, wndering whether he had seen it smewhere befre.
[分析] 分析语境可知，see的动作发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
(5)【误】Nancy is nt cming tnight. But she has prmised!
【正】Nancy is nt cming tnight. But she prmised!
[分析] 根据语境“南希答应要来”可知，prmise的动作发生在过去，与现在时间无关，故用一般过去时。
误区四 动词语态的误用
(1)【误】The bk which had been lst returned t the library.
【正】The bk which had been lst was returned t the library.
[分析] return是及物动词，句子的主语The bk与之构成被动关系，表示“被归还”，故returned前加was。
(2)【误】There's a feeling amng a lt f peple that music has been becme t cmmercial in recent years.
【正】There's a feeling amng a lt f peple that music has becme t cmmercial in recent years.
[分析] becme意为“变得，变成”，不及物动词不能使用被动语态。
[注意] 造成以上错误主要是因为对动词的时态和语态了解不够透彻，可从三方面入手：①翻译；②注意句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词；③注意其他提示信息，如主句的时态、时间状语、关键词等。当然要处理好此类问题还要系统全面地学习，应对此部分所讲内容认真学习，碰到错误，对照所讲知识找出错误根源，才能不断进步。
误区五 主谓一致中常见的误用
(1)【误】My dream schl lk like a big garden.
【正】My dream schl lks like a big garden.
[分析] 主语My dream schl是单数，故谓语动词也应该用单数形式。
(2)【误】Jeff is the nly ne f the jurnalists wh were awarded.
【正】Jeff is the nly ne f the jurnalists wh was awarded.
[分析] 本句中的中心词是the nly ne，因此定语从句中谓语动词的数需要根据the nly ne而定。
(3)【误】The teacher, as well as his students, are ging t see the film this afternn.
【正】The teacher, as well as his students, is ging t see the film this afternn.
[分析] 当主语后面接由as well as构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依其前面主语的单复数而定，本句主语为The teacher。
(4)【误】Nt nly my parents but als I are gd at dancing and singing.
【正】Nt nly my parents but als I am gd at dancing and singing.
[分析] nt nly ... but als ... 连接主语时，谓语遵循就近一致原则。
(5)【误】Amng all my friends are a special ne I'm mst thankful t.
【正】Amng all my friends is a special ne I'm mst thankful t.
[分析] 此句是倒装句，主语a special ne是单数形式，故谓语动词也用单数形式。
[注意] 主谓一致的误用主要出现在三大原则的特殊情况中，如非谓语动词或从句作主语时、特殊名词特别是由特定连词连接的名词作主语时、就近原则与就远原则时，以及倒装句和定语从句中的特殊情况，因此除了知道基础语法的同时，还应加强留意特殊情况的积累、纠错。
【考点剖析】
1.The musician alng with his band members ______________(give) ten perfrmances in the last three mnths.
2. Either yu r ne f yur students _______ (be) t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.
3. What we used t think _______(be) impssible nw des seem pssible.
4. It is I, wh _______ (be) yur teacher, will try my best t help yu ut.
5. It is reprted that many a new huse_______________(build) at present in the disaster area.
【真题演练】
1.(2020全国II)This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers __________ (carry) special significance.
2.(2019全国Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
3.(2019全国II) I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _______ (make) ver the years.
4. (2017全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt__________ (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.
5. (2016全国 II) Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw __________(be) ften acceptable.
【过关检测】
1.Amy, as well as her brthers, _____________ (give) a welcme when returning t the village last week.
2. Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, _____________(regard) as ne f the best all-rund frms f exercise.
Nt nly I but als David and Iris _______ (be) fnd f playing basketball.
The fllwing _______ (be) sme ther examples fr yu t refer t.
There _______(be) millins f websites n the Internet and there _______(be) a lt f useful infrmatin n the websites.
6 Between the tw rws f trees __________(stand) the newly built teaching building.
7. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV nw.
8. Every pssible means ____________(try) t prevent the air pllutin, but the sky is still nt clear.
9. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and fr them, three years_____(be) really a lng time.
10. Listening t lud music at rck cncerts ___________(cause) hearing lss in sme teenagers.
11. When and where t build the new factry ______________(nt, decide) yet.
12. What we need _______ (be) enugh water, but what they need _______ (be) huses.
13. One-third f the cuntry__________(cver) with trees and the majrity f the citizens _______ (be) black peple.
14. 40% f the ppulatin in that cuntry ________(be) yung, and tw thirds f them _________(nt) knw hw t read and write.
15. A pet and artist _______ (be) cming t speak t us abut Chinese literature this afternn.
16. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily fd, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up s far.
17. Early t bed and early t rise __________(make) a man healthy, happy and wise.
18.In ur cuntry every by and every girl ________(have) the right t receive educatin.
了解主谓一致的原则
能够识别并正确运用主谓一致
【基础知识】
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
1．语法一致原则
(1)当主语后面接由as well as, accmpanied by, including, in additin t, mre than, n less than, rather than, with, tgether with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
①The leader and artist as well as sme f ur English teachers was given a chance t g abrad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
②My father, tgether with his wrkmates, has been t Beijing.
我父亲和他的同事们去过北京。
(2)由lts f, a lt f, a number f, plenty f等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。
③A great number f students wh were invited t the party were frm my schl.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
④A great deal f water is plluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。
但quantities/amunts f修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amunt的单复数形式。
⑤Quantities f infrmatin are available n the Internet.
在网上可得到大量的信息。
(3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
⑥Thse wh were praised at the meeting wuld be sent t America fr further study.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
⑦He married Mary, which was very natural.
他娶了玛丽，这是很自然的事。
(4)倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。
⑧A building stands in frnt f us.
→In frnt f us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
⑨Rws f fruit trees were n either side.
→On either side were rws f fruit trees.
在每一边都有一排排的果树。
b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或wh)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
⑩I am a dctr.
→It is I wh am a dctr.
我是一名医生。
⑪He is a dctr.
→It is he wh is a dctr.
他是一名医生。
2．就近一致原则
(1)由r, either ... r ..., neither ... nr ..., nt nly ... but als ... , nt ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
①Nt nly the students but als the teacher enjys listening t the music f this kind.
不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
②Neither the children nr the mther knws anything abut it.
孩子们和母亲都不知道这件事。
(2)在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
③There is a pen, tw knives and several bks n the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are tw knives, a pen and several bks n the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。
3．意义一致原则
(1)and, bth ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
①Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting rm.
她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
②The pet and writer has prduced many wrks.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
(2)“n/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋n/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
③Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
(3)动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
④T learn a freign language is nt s difficult as yu think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
⑤That he has wn the game is knwn t us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。
⑥Swimming in rivers in summer is a gd sprt, but t swim in rivers in winter needs great willpwer.
夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
[注意] 从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。
⑦What they need is mney while what we need mst are textbks.
他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。
(4)含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况：
a．many a/mre than ne＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
⑧Many a parent was frced t g thrugh this same painful prcess.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
b．the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty f, a great deal f等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
⑨The first part f the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very bring.
讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。
c．分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
⑩Abut ne third f the bks are wrth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
⑪Only 60 percent f the wrk was finished yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
[注意] ppulatin由分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
Twthirds f ppulatin have been killed in the accident.
在这次事故中2/3的人丧生。
(5)“a number f＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number f＋复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
⑫A number f students are ging fr a picnic this weekend.
这个周末许多学生打算去野炊。
⑬The number f days in February this year is 28.
今年二月份的天数是二十八天。
(6)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, grup, public, cmmittee, gvernment, audience等。
⑭The class cnsists f 25 bys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
⑮The class are ding experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
[注意] （1）peple， cattle， plice等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。
(2)单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， wrks， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
(7)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
⑯Three thusand dllars is quite a lt f mney fr a by.
对于一个男孩来说，3,000美元是一笔大数目。
(8)以s/ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, plitics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
⑰Bad news travels quickly.
[谚语]坏事传千里。
误区分析
误区一 句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语
(1)【误】The windws brken.
【正】The windws are/were brken.
[分析] “窗户应为被打破”，故应用被动语态，如直接用过去分词brken，句子则缺少谓语成分。此处也可将brken看作过去分词转化的形容词作表语。
(2)【误】Tday, the number f peple learn English is increasing rapidly in China.
【正】Tday, the number f peple wh learn English is increasing rapidly in China.
【正】Tday, the number f peple learning English is increasing rapidly in China.
[分析] 一个句子中只能有一个谓语，如出现两个(或两个以上)的谓语，须将另外出现的动词改为非谓语动词形式或用从句进行表述。
误区二 中式英语
(1)【误】I very like listen music and every day I als will see sme newspapers.
【正】I like listening t music very much and every day I read sme newspapers as well. (习惯性动作用一般现在时)
[分析] 修饰动词like应用副词(短语)；like后应加动名词或不定式，而不能直接跟动词原形；“看报纸”，在英语中用read而不用see，此为习惯表达。
(2)【误】I dn't knw I shuld d what.
【正】I dn't knw what I shuld d.
[分析] knw后为宾语从句，what引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语，引导词应放于从句句首，注意中英表达中语序的差异。
(3)【误】Our village has taken place great changes.
【误】Great changes have been taken place in ur village.
【正】Great changes have taken place in ur village.
[分析] take place为不及物动词短语，主语应是“事”而非“人”，且不能用于被动语态。
[注意] 造成以上错误的原因一方面在于对动词的语法功能和五种基本句式掌握不牢固，另一方面则是由于不了解中英表达的差异，受汉语干扰过大，这两类错误是特别容易犯的错误，尤其是在写作中，应高度重视。总之，这些错误都是由于基础薄弱而致，所以平时应多记多背多分析，不断积累总结，才能厚积薄发。
误区三 动词时态的误用
(1)【误】She prmised that she will nt let ut the plan t the press.
【正】She prmised that she wuld nt let ut the plan t the press.
[分析] 在宾语从句中，主从句的时态要保持前后一致。本句主句是一般过去时，故从句也要用相应的过去将来时态。
(2)【误】T arrange fr an appintment with us, please cmplete the reply slip and sent it back t us.
【正】T arrange fr an appintment with us, please cmplete the reply slip and send it back t us.
[分析] 根据语境以及and可知，sent应与cmplete保持一致，故sent改为send。
(3)【误】By the time yu will arrive in Lndn, we will have been in Eurpe fr tw weeks.
【正】By the time yu arrive in Lndn, we will have been in Eurpe fr tw weeks.
[分析] by the time后的时间状语从句一般用现在时表将来。
(4)【误】The detective fixed his sharp eyes n the bx, wndering whether he saw it smewhere befre.
【正】The detective fixed his sharp eyes n the bx, wndering whether he had seen it smewhere befre.
[分析] 分析语境可知，see的动作发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
(5)【误】Nancy is nt cming tnight. But she has prmised!
【正】Nancy is nt cming tnight. But she prmised!
[分析] 根据语境“南希答应要来”可知，prmise的动作发生在过去，与现在时间无关，故用一般过去时。
误区四 动词语态的误用
(1)【误】The bk which had been lst returned t the library.
【正】The bk which had been lst was returned t the library.
[分析] return是及物动词，句子的主语The bk与之构成被动关系，表示“被归还”，故returned前加was。
(2)【误】There's a feeling amng a lt f peple that music has been becme t cmmercial in recent years.
【正】There's a feeling amng a lt f peple that music has becme t cmmercial in recent years.
[分析] becme意为“变得，变成”，不及物动词不能使用被动语态。
[注意] 造成以上错误主要是因为对动词的时态和语态了解不够透彻，可从三方面入手：①翻译；②注意句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词；③注意其他提示信息，如主句的时态、时间状语、关键词等。当然要处理好此类问题还要系统全面地学习，应对此部分所讲内容认真学习，碰到错误，对照所讲知识找出错误根源，才能不断进步。
误区五 主谓一致中常见的误用
(1)【误】My dream schl lk like a big garden.
【正】My dream schl lks like a big garden.
[分析] 主语My dream schl是单数，故谓语动词也应该用单数形式。
(2)【误】Jeff is the nly ne f the jurnalists wh were awarded.
【正】Jeff is the nly ne f the jurnalists wh was awarded.
[分析] 本句中的中心词是the nly ne，因此定语从句中谓语动词的数需要根据the nly ne而定。
(3)【误】The teacher, as well as his students, are ging t see the film this afternn.
【正】The teacher, as well as his students, is ging t see the film this afternn.
[分析] 当主语后面接由as well as构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依其前面主语的单复数而定，本句主语为The teacher。
(4)【误】Nt nly my parents but als I are gd at dancing and singing.
【正】Nt nly my parents but als I am gd at dancing and singing.
[分析] nt nly ... but als ... 连接主语时，谓语遵循就近一致原则。
(5)【误】Amng all my friends are a special ne I'm mst thankful t.
【正】Amng all my friends is a special ne I'm mst thankful t.
[分析] 此句是倒装句，主语a special ne是单数形式，故谓语动词也用单数形式。
[注意] 主谓一致的误用主要出现在三大原则的特殊情况中，如非谓语动词或从句作主语时、特殊名词特别是由特定连词连接的名词作主语时、就近原则与就远原则时，以及倒装句和定语从句中的特殊情况，因此除了知道基础语法的同时，还应加强留意特殊情况的积累、纠错。
【考点剖析】
1.The musician alng with his band members ______________(give) ten perfrmances in the last three mnths.
2. Either yu r ne f yur students _______ (be) t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.
3. What we used t think _______(be) impssible nw des seem pssible.
4. It is I, wh _______ (be) yur teacher, will try my best t help yu ut.
5. It is reprted that many a new huse_______________(build) at present in the disaster area.
【真题演练】
1.(2020全国II)This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers __________ (carry) special significance.
2.(2019全国Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
3.(2019全国II) I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _______ (make) ver the years.
4. (2017全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt__________ (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.
5. (2016全国 II) Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw __________(be) ften acceptable.
【过关检测】
1.Amy, as well as her brthers, _____________ (give) a welcme when returning t the village last week.
2. Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, _____________(regard) as ne f the best all-rund frms f exercise.
Nt nly I but als David and Iris _______ (be) fnd f playing basketball.
The fllwing _______ (be) sme ther examples fr yu t refer t.
There _______(be) millins f websites n the Internet and there _______(be) a lt f useful infrmatin n the websites.
6 Between the tw rws f trees __________(stand) the newly built teaching building.
7. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV nw.
8. Every pssible means ____________(try) t prevent the air pllutin, but the sky is still nt clear.
9. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and fr them, three years_____(be) really a lng time.
10. Listening t lud music at rck cncerts ___________(cause) hearing lss in sme teenagers.
11. When and where t build the new factry ______________(nt, decide) yet.
12. What we need _______ (be) enugh water, but what they need _______ (be) huses.
13. One-third f the cuntry__________(cver) with trees and the majrity f the citizens _______ (be) black peple.
14. 40% f the ppulatin in that cuntry ________(be) yung, and tw thirds f them _________(nt) knw hw t read and write.
15. A pet and artist _______ (be) cming t speak t us abut Chinese literature this afternn.
16. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily fd, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up s far.
17. Early t bed and early t rise __________(make) a man healthy, happy and wise.
18.In ur cuntry every by and every girl ________(have) the right t receive educatin.
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