必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 语法知识+读后续写-讲义 -2025年新高考英语一轮总复习培优方案

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Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1. that
可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于wh或 whm；指物时，相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。
2. which
指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：
The bk which/that was n the desk was bught by my father.（主语）
3. wh, whm, whse
（1）wh: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人
（2）whm: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
（3）whse: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
（4）whse + 名词 =the + n. + f which (某物的) = he + n. + f whm (某人的)
注意：
① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用 whm；表物用 which)
② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词wh 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。）
There are 30 students in this class, wh are frm the nrth f China.
这个班里有30名学生，他们来自中国北方。
D yu knw the by whse handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
I'd like a rm whse windw lks ut ver the sea.
→I'd like a rm, the windw f which lks ut ver the sea.
→I'd like a rm, f which the windw lks ut ver the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
As
a：as作为关系代词，常常用于固定句型中。
the , as, ,
They culd nly read such stries as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
These huses are sld at such a lw price as peple expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
This is the same knife as I lst.(as作宾语)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
b：such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别
such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。
This is such a difficult prblem as mst f us can't wrk ut.
这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题。
(从句中的wrk ut缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作wrk ut的宾语。)
She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。
(状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)
Part 2 读后续写素材积累--六招高分开头技巧
第一招：副词开头
Carefully, he stepped ver all the brken glass.他小心翼翼地踩过了所有的碎玻璃。
Jyfully ，he skipped up the street.他很高兴地跳过了街道。
Immediately, an abslute darkness ruled the frest. 立刻，一片黑暗笼罩着森林。
第二招：形容词短语开头
Curius t knw what was inside, he tipted int the dark cave.他好奇地想知道里面是什么，踮着脚尖走进了黑暗的洞穴。
Unable t say a wrd, he was rted t the spt.一句话也说不出来，他就楞在了原地。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped ut in frnt f my hrse. 突然，一只小兔子跳到了我的马前。

Afraid that I might hurt the lvely small creature, I autmatically let ut a cry t stp my hrse. 我害怕我会伤害这个可爱的小生物，我自动发出一声喊叫来阻止我的马。
文章给的提示句是：We had n idea where we were and it gt dark.我们不知道自己在哪里，天变黑了。
Exhausted and hungry, I wndered if we culd find ur way back. 我又累又饿，想知道我们能不能找到回去的路。
第三招： 非谓语开头
Lking arund him cautiusly, he slipped int the rm and sftly clsed the dr.他小心翼翼地环顾四周，溜进了房间，轻轻地关上门。
Feeling disappinted, Jane had t stay alne fr anther night. 简感到失望，不得不再呆一夜。
Feeling refreshed, she cntinued t walk alng the stream t find the way ut.她感到神清气爽，继续沿着小溪散步，寻找出去的路。
第四招：对话或独白开头
：“Let’s see wh gets there first!” Rachel shuted, as she pedaled fast and zmed past Jenny.“让我们看看谁先到那里去！”瑞秋一边叫着，一边飞快地蹬着车从珍妮身边冲过去。
"Get int the car." Paul shuted at Mac. “上车！” 保罗对麦克喊道。
第五招：背景描写
We drve thrugh several states and saw lts f great sights alng the way（我们开车穿过了几个州，沿途看到了很多好风景。）
I lked ut f the car windw, winding rivers, lfty muntains, sunny beaches and deep valleys, hlding me entirely in their fascinatin.
我望着车窗外，蜿蜒的河流，高耸的山脉，阳光明媚的海滩和深邃的山谷，完全吸引了我的注意力。
第六招：行为描写
Furry started wagging his tail and running arund in circles when he saw his master taking a leash ut frm the drawer. Furry was all ready fr his evening walk.
当他看到他的主人从抽屉里拿出一条皮带时，Furry开始摇，绕着圈跑。Furry准备好了晚上的散步。
Dad exchanged a glance with me. Why nt camp t satisfy Mm? 爸爸和我相互看了一眼。 为什么不露营来满足妈妈？
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
定语从句
1.（2024浙江1月卷）Of curse, shps are nt charities — they price gds in the way _________ will make them the mst mney.
2.（2023全国乙卷）But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
3.（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned f a cmpany ___________used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
_________4.（2021北京卷）When yu sleep, yur brain srts thrugh everything ___________ happened during the day, trying t link new experiences t ld memries.
5.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ___________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
6.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
7.（2020新高考卷）The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum __________ pened in 1759.
8.（2019全国II卷）Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, ___________ she pened with her late husband Les.
9.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, _________Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
10.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics ___________ are cutting back n their air travel 11.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ___________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
12.（2023全国乙卷）The clr she chse came in a bx which had a picture f a wman ________hair clr lked just perfect.
13.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almst lifelike. The artist’s reputatin had made him prud.
14.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rwan, __________ secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
15.（2023全国甲卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, _________ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
16．(2022天津3月卷) Kenny still remembers the class discussin ________the teacher asked students t share what they wanted t be when they grew up.
A．whyB．whichC．thatD．where
17.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.
18.（2020全国I卷）Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt __________ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
19.（2020江苏卷）If yu lk at all sides f the situatin, yu’ll find prbably a slutin that ___________everyne.
20.（2021天津卷）William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm __________we can learn withut repeating them.
_________21.（2020江苏卷）Many lessns are nw available nline, frm ___________students can chse fr free.
二、读后续写
（2024·山西·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As an educatr, I have discvered that the life lessns that students bring with them t schl are the nes that I truly need t learn.
One stry that describes this awesme respnsibility starts with a secnd year cllege student. Every day, he wuld cme int my math class, sit in the very back and avid eye cntact. When I wuld ask the class questins, I culd hear a deep vice cming frm his directin saying the crrect answer every single time. I immediately began t investigate and fund that he had high standardized test scres but his reprt card in schl did nt match his perfrmances. I knew smething had t change.
Thrugh ur schl mentring (辅导制) prgram, I asked him if he wuld like t be a part f a supprt team that was specifically designed t help him graduate n time with his classmates. This prgram required me t visit all f his classrm teachers, help him cmplete every assignment, prvide him with materials t finish prjects, and cnstantly remind him that success culd be achieved if he stayed n this path. In his senir, he was able t make the Hnr Rll (光荣榜).
This student had been living with his great-grandfather instead f living with his mther and six siblings (姊妹). The cncept f family had nt been demnstrated in his life. Hwever, at schl, this prgram prvided him with a team that fcused n his academic needs as well as celebrated his successes. The idea f family, where he was cared fr and was seen as imprtant, was able t becme a reality.
Unfrtunately, during his senir year, his great-grandfather passed away, which terribly influenced his newly psitive view f life. But because f the bnd that was established ver the past tw years thrugh the prgram, I was able t keep him fcused n what he culd cntrl t achieve his gal. He shwed determinatin and perseverance, and he became a senir with his riginal class and had the pprtunity t graduate with his friends.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sadly, when graduatin day apprached, he refused t attend the ceremny.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I can still remember his smile face as he walked acrss that stage t receive his diplma.
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Part 1
单元语法讲义--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
Part 2
读后续写素材积累-六招高分开头技巧
Part 3
单元语法+读后续写即时检测