初中英语中考复习语法专题---构词法 课件

这是一份初中英语中考复习语法专题---构词法 课件，共32页。PPT课件主要包含了考点攻略，语篇学语法，分层训练，考点一，考点二，考点三，考点四，小题基础练，语篇提升练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

在广东中考的语篇阅读中，经常有一些“生词”需要考生通过一定的规律来推测词义，解决阅读障碍。根据《2022年版英语课程标准》中的三级词汇表（未列出可根据构词法推导出的部分名词、形容词、副词等）可知，掌握构词法有利于考生理解和记忆单词，扩充词汇量。英语中很多单词的构成形式是有规律的，常见的构词法有：合成法、派生法、转化法。此外，还有缩写和简写。
⁠ ⁠合成法
将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法称作合成法。合成法是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可以合成名词、形容词、动词、代词、副词、介词、数词等。
⁠ ⁠派生法
通过在单词前面加前缀或后缀构成一个新词的方法称作派生法。1.常见前缀：
⁠ ⁠转化法
一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。
⁠ ⁠缩写和简写
1.缩写和简写（也被称为截断法或缩短法）主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。
2.很多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成。
一、构词法在语法选择中的运用
He said  　40　⁠，“I was a little afraid but there’s n ther bridge like this ne in the wrld.It was s wrth it.”
（　　）B.excitedC.excitedly
解析：主语是人，且由动词said可知，应用副词修饰动词，在形容词excited后加后缀“-ly”，构成副词形式。故选C。
二、构词法在阅读理解中的运用 Hwever，frm 2012 t 2016，paching（偷猎） and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly.Eighty-three elephants were lst in 2015 alne，and anther fifty-ne elephant were killed in 2016.（　　）57.What des the wrd “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese？
解析：根据构词法可知，前缀il-表示“不，非”；由前面的“paching（偷猎）”可推测出“illegal”意为“非法的”。故选C。
三、构词法在短文填空中的运用
it　either　be　because　what　else　by　invent　clean　ppular　habit　hundred
The 74.  　　　　⁠ f tthbrushes was nt as famus as that f paper-making，but it was very useful in daily life.
解析：根据空前的“The”和空后的“f”可知，空处应填入一个名词。结合语境和备选词可知，此处表示“牙刷的发明”，动词invent加后缀-in可转化为名词inventin。故填inventin。
一、短文填空之基础训练
plite　sad　sleep　express　wnder　happy
1.The child lked  　sadly　⁠ at his brther wh was badly wunded.
2.I sent them beautiful flwers as a（n）  　expressin　⁠ f thanks.
3.It’s  　implite　⁠ t speak ludly in public places.
4.I can prmise yu that yu’ll have a  　wnderful　⁠ time.
5.Daniel ften feels  　sleepy　⁠ in class because he stays up late t d his hmewrk every night.
6.Paul was  　unhappy　⁠ abut the nise that made him unable t sleep last night.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空7.The man was  　careless　⁠（care） enugh nt t tell the manager that he wuld nt d the teacher gave them  　instructin　⁠（instruct） t arrive early tmrrw great  　artist　⁠（art） held a big painting exhibitin in Shanghai last arund are happy t make friends with Mike because f his  　hnesty　⁠（hnest）.
instructin　
Recently，a 5­year­ld by，Guangnian，frm Henan Prvince，was praised fr his tuching actin. He 　1　 his haircut fr three years t help children with cancer(癌症).In a vide，Guangnian shwed 　2　 30­centimeter­lng hair. ( )1. A. desn't have B. hasn't had C. was having( )2. A. he B. him C. his
He thught f this way f vlunteering abut three years ag when he watched 　3　 prgram abut children with cancer. Frm it，he knew many children lst their hair because f cancer.After that，Guangnian decided 　4　 it lng and give it t children in need. ( )3. A. a B. an C. the( )4. A. grw B. grwing C. t grw
What he said was nt cnsidered 　5　 than anything else， because he was just a 5­year­ld kid. “　6　 my first day f schl，I was mistaken fr a girl by thers. I tld them I was a by many times，　7　 they still called me a girl，which made me sad，” Guangnian said. ( )5. A. imprtant B. mre imprtant C. the mst imprtant( )6. A. On B. In C. At( )7. A. and B. r C. but
Thugh Guangnian 　8　 by thers，he never thught f giving up.“Smetimes I wuld envy(羡慕) my little 　9　 shrt hair because peple culd tell he was a by frm his lk，” he said. Even s，he still kept his lng hair. ( )8. A. laughed at B. is laughed at C. was laughed at( )9. A. brther B. brther's C. brthers
　10　，Guangnian's hair is lng enugh nw. “Guangnian culd live up t his expectatins t dnate his hair this summer！” his mther said. ( )10. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily
二、阅读理解A（2023湖北荆州节选）Nn-verbal cmmunicatin became very imprtant.Whenever wrds failed，I depended n peple’s facial expressins.（　B　）1.What des the underlined wrd “nn-verbal” mean？