英语 (新高考I卷01)（含考试版+听力+答案+解析+答题卡） -2024年高考押题预测卷

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英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What will Lily d?
A．Have a pudding.B．G shpping.C．D her hmewrk.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Lily, wuld yu like t jin me in having a pudding in this new cafeteria at Market Street?
W: I wuld really lve t g there with yu, but I need t g hme t catch upn my hmewrk.
2．Why didn’t the man answer the phne?
A．He lst it.B．He didn’t hear it.C．His phne ran ut f pwer.
【答案】C
【原文】W: D yu have any idea what time it is nw? Have yu ever heard yur phne?
M: I’m srry but my phne ran ut f pwer. I gt back here as fast as I culd because I knew yu’d be wrried.
3．Hw did the wman feel abut the technlgy cmpetitin?
A．It was easy.B．It was bring. C．It was interesting.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Hw did yu d in that technlgy cmpetitin, Jane?
W: Well it wasn’t my first time cmpeting against thers and it was fun being under pressure t cme up with things within a strict time limit.
4．Where can the wman get the bus infrmatin?
A．Frm the apartment.B．Frm the bus stp.C．Frm the lcal library.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Hell! I was hping yu culd give me mre infrmatin abut yur apartment.
M: I can try t help yu. What wuld yu like t knw?
W: D yu knw anything abut the buses that stp there?
M: I dn’t knw, but I’m pretty sure yu can find ut that stuff in the lcal library.
5．What are the speakers talking abut?
A．Hw t make a paper plane.
B．Hw t recycle rubbish.
C．Hw t bk a flight.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Whenever I make a paper plane it never flies very well. I’ve dne it three times nw and they’ve all been rubbish.
M: Yu need t give the wings a duble fld like this.
W: Okay, I’ll try. I’ve nly been flding it nce.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A．Buying a present.B．Attending a cncert.C．Planning a birthday party.
7．What will the speakers d later?
A．See a mvie.B．Read a nvel.C．Meet up with Jane.
【答案】6．A 7．C
【原文】W: I have been trying hard t chse a gift fr Kate fr her birthday.
M: That’s been hard fr me, t.
W: Wuld yu like t g in with me and chse smething tgether?
M: Yes, tw heads are better than ne. S, what des Kate like ding? That might help us chse smething.
W: She seems t enjy listening t music, reading nvels and ging t the mvies.
M: Maybe we culd get her a cncert ticket. What d yu think?
W: That’s a gd idea. But we dn’t knw what cncert she likes.
M: Jane can help us. She knws Kate very well.
W: Yu’re right. Let’s see Jane this afternn after class.
M: Okay.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A．Schlmates.B．Clleagues.C．Rmmates.
9．What des Frank plan t d right after graduatin?
A．Wrk as a prgrammer.
B．Travel arund the wrld.
C．Start his wn business.
【答案】8．A 9．A
【原文】M: Hi Sue! Hw is it ging?
W: Oh, hi, Frank! Just fine. Hw are yur classes?
M: Pretty gd. I’m glad this is my last term here thugh.
W: Why is that? I thught yu were enjying schl.
M: I was, but nw I’m getting tired f it. I am ready fr the real wrld.
W: What are yu planning t d when yu graduate?
M: First, I want t get a jb as a cmputer prgrammer, and then after 5 years r s, I’d like t start my wn business.
W: Sunds gd. I still have 3 terms t g until I’m dne.
M: Yu’ll make it fr sure. Well, see yu later!
W: Bye!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10．What is the man’s plan fr Saturday evening?
A．T g shpping.B．T attend a cncert.C．T walk by a lake.
11．Where will the man stay during the weekend trip?
A．At his uncle’s.B．In a cuntry cttage.C．In a five-star htel.
12．What will the wman d this weekend?
A．Read sme nvels.B．G bating.C．Visit her parents.
【答案】10．A 11．B 12．A
【原文】M: Mary we’re ging t west lake this weekend.
W: Again?
M: Yes three f us this time we’re ging bating n Saturday mrning in the afternn I’LL visit my uncle nearby. And in the evening we’ll d sme shpping. There’s an amazing night market near the lake n Sunday we’ll g t a cncert.
W: Where are yu staying the five star htel we bked last time was really expensive.
M: Yes but my uncle tld me there is a small but cmfrtable cuntry cttage t the east f the lake we’ll stay there.
W: Sunds gd.
M: What are yu ging t d Mary?
W: just sit n the sfa and read the nvels I bught yesterday my parents have gne back t ur hmetwn and it will be my private time this weekend.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13．What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A．Schlmates.B．Relatives.C．Clleagues.
14．What can visitrs d in Lking Back?
A．Learn abut Greek culture.B．Watch sme recrdings.C．Create building mdels.
15．Which exhibitin will the speakers attend?
A．Transprt.B．Fun Science.C．Glass Place.
16．When will the speakers prbably meet n Sunday?
A．At arund 12:00.B．At arund 1:30 pm.C．At arund 3:00 pm.
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．A
【原文】M: Lisa have yu gt a minute. We need t talk abut which venue we ging t chse fr this sundays after schl activity.
W: Sure the museum I went t last Wednesday with my tutr was pretty interesting. It had several exhibitins n transprt frm ancient Greece. we can g there.
M: Well it’s bring t visit ne place tw times. I’d like t recmmend lking back. there’s an exhibitin that explres the histry f the past three hundred years. It has special recrdings f lcal peple wh tld their stries. my elder brther visited at nce and spke highly f it.
W: Lking back. isn’t it n suth main street. I think I’VE been there befre.
M: Okay. Hw abut fun science we can try the rcket mdels r watch d films abut different planets there r we can g and experience the prcess f glass making in a glass place.
W: Making glass I’VE never seen demnstratins like that when will that be.
M: One thirty PM n Sunday fifth flr f the city museum.
W: In that case we can have lunch tgether and g t the museum afterward.
M: Great I’LL see yu at nn then.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17．Hw many levels f curses des the prgram ffer?
A．Seven.B．Eight.C．Twelve.
18．What is the strength f the prgram?
A．It can meet persnal needs.
B．It prvides curses n US culture.
C．It is available thrughut the year.
19．What can students get if they perfrm well in an end-f-sessin test?
A．A curse fr free.B．A prmtin t a higher level.C．A chance t wrk part-time.
20．What des the Language Center Bnus Prject prvide?
A．Field trips.B．Scial activities.C．Extra practice hurs.
【答案】17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C
【原文】W: Gd mrning. Welcme t the language centre f ur university. We aim at helping peple imprve their language ability in several languages. Nw, I'll fcus n ne f ur prgrams, the English training prgram, which I think yu might be interested in. The prgram ffers year rund English. curses in eight levels. It ffers curses fr students, schlars, and prfessinals. Participants can prepare fr study at an American university and imprve their language, skills and knwledge f American culture. The strength t the prgram is its ability t ffer curses. t meet any student's specific needs and gals. Mst students in this prgram study full time, which cnsists f 20 hurs a week. On the first day f the prgram. Yu take a test t determine yur level at the end f each 7 week sessin yur language skills are evaluated. And if yu've made enugh prgress, yu are prmted t the next level. In additin, yu can enter the language center bnus prject, which will allw yu t have extra English. hurs with a native speaker. Fr mre practice, chances. There are als several scial activities and field trips rganized by the student center.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（原创试题） 题源出处： Nature's Lens Magazine
Reimagining the Outdrs: A Phtgraphy Wrkshp with Julia Reynlds
Discver the art f capturing the beauty f nature in this exclusive nline wrkshp rganized by Nature's Lens Magazine.
Renwned phtgrapher Julia Reynlds will guide participants thrugh the essential techniques and creative prcesses invlved in utdr phtgraphy. Whether yu're a beginner r an experienced phtgrapher, Julia's expert instructin will inspire yu t explre the natural wrld with yur camera lens.
Wrkshp Highlights:
Explring Outdr Phtgraphy: Understand the unique challenges and pprtunities f utdr phtgraphy.
Cmpsitin and Lighting: Learn hw t cmpse stunning utdr shts and make the mst f natural lighting.
Capturing the Mment: Master the art f timing and anticipatin t capture the perfect utdr phtgraph.
Editing and Pst-Prcessing: Discver essential editing techniques t enhance yur utdr phtgraphs.
Wh Shuld Attend:
▲ Phtgraphy enthusiasts eager t imprve their utdr phtgraphy skills.
▲ Nature lvers lking t capture the beauty f the great utdrs.
▲ Beginners interested in learning the basics f phtgraphy.
Wrkshp Details:
★ Date: Saturday, July 15, 2024
★ Time: 10am-1pm (GMT)
★ Participants will receive a recrding f the wrkshp fr future reference.
★ Upn registratin, participants will receive an email with access details.
Please nte: This wrkshp will be cnducted via Zm. Participants are advised t review Zm's privacy plicy and terms and cnditins prir t registratin. Refunds will nt be issued fr nn-attendance r cancellatins.
21. What aspect f phtgraphy des the wrkshp fcus n?
A. Editing techniques.
B. Cmpsitin and lighting.
C. Capturing the mment.
D. Explring utdr phtgraphy.
22. When might yu need t send an email?
A. T inquire abut the wrkshp cntent.
B. Upn purchasing a ticket t the wrkshp.
C. T receive additinal learning materials.
D. If yu haven't received the access details.
23. What benefit is assured fr participants?
A. Unlimited access t Zm.
B. Free registratin fr future wrkshps.
C. A recrding f the wrkshp.
D. 24-hur live bradcasting f the wrkshp.
【答案】21．D 22．D 23．C
【导语】本文是一个关于户外摄影照相班的介绍。内容包括了照相班的重点、参加对象以及活动细节等。
细节理解题。根据文章中提到的“Discver the art f capturing the beauty f nature in this exclusive nline wrkshp rganized by Nature's Lens Magazine.”可知，该照相班的重点是探索户外摄影。因此，正确答案为选项 D. Explring utdr phtgraphy。
细节理解题。根据文章中提到的“Upn registratin, participants will receive an email with access details.”可知，参加者需要在注册后收到电子邮件以获取访问详情。因此，正确答案为选项 D. If yu haven't received the access details.
23．细节理解题。根据文章中提到的“Participants will receive a recrding f the wrkshp fr future reference.”可知，参与者可以得到照相班的录音作为保证。因此，正确答案为选项 C. A recrding f the wrkshp.
B
Climbing, I nce thught, was a very manly activity, but as I fund my way int this activity, I came t see that smething quite different happens n the rck.
Like wild swimming, rck climbing invlves yu int the landscape. On the rck, I am fully fcused. Eyes pay clse attentin, ears are alert, and hands mve acrss the surface. Unlike walking, where I culd happily wander abut absent-mindedly, in climbing, attentive bservatin is essential.
As an arts student studying English literature, I discvered a new type f reading frm utdr climbing. Ging ut n t the crags (悬崖), I saw hw yu culd learn t read the rcks and develp a vcabulary f physical mvements. Gd climbers knew hw t adjust their bdies n t the stne. Watching them, I wanted t pssess that skillful “language”.
My prgress happened when I wrked fr the Caingrms Natinal Park Authrity. Guiding my explratins int this strange new landscape was Nan Shepherd, a lady t. Unlike the gal-directed mindset f many muntaineers, she is nt cncerned with peaks r persnal achievement. Shepherd sees the muntain as a ttal envirnment and she celebrates the Caingrms as a place alive with plants, rcks, animals and elements. Thrugh her generus spirit and my wn curisity, I saw that rck climbing need nt be a prcess f testing neself against anything. Rather, the intensity f fcus culd develp a persn int anther way f being.
Spending s much time in high and stny places has transfrmed my view n the wrld and ur place in it. I have cme int physical cntact with prcesses that g way beynd the everyday. Wrking with gravity, gelgy (地质学), rhythms f weather and deep time, I gain an actual relatinship with the earth. This bnd lies at the heart f my passin fr rck climbing. I return t the rcks, because this is where I feel in cntact with ur land.
24．Why des the authr like rck climbing?
A．It challenges her t cmpete with men.B．It allws her a unique attitude tward rck.
C．It teaches her hw t pssess a new language.D．It makes her feel cnnected wth the earth.
25．What des the writer find imprtant in climbing?
A．Balance.B．Cncentratin.
C．Determinatin.D．Perseverance
26．What des the writer learn frm Nan Shepherd?
A．Climbing ges tgether with nature.B．Every muntain tp is within reach.
C．The best climber is the ne having fun.D．Yu can nt achieve high unless yu change.
27．What des the underlined wrd “it” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Time.B．Transfrmatin.C．The wrld.D．My view.
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者喜欢攀岩，以及作者对攀岩的理解和从攀岩中得到的感悟。
24．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Wrking with gravity, gelgy, rhythms f weather and deep time, I gain an actual relatinship with the earth. This bnd lies at the heart f my passin fr rck climbing. I return t the rcks, because this is where I feel in cntact with ur land.(与重力、地质、气候节奏及深远的时间长河合作，我与地球建立起一种实际的关系。这种纽带正是我对攀岩热情的核心所在。我回归岩石，因为在这里，我能感受到与我们脚下这片土地的联系)”可知，攀岩使她感到与大地相连。故选D项。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On the rck, I am fully fcused. Eyes pay clse attentin, ears are alert, and hands mve acrss the surface. Unlike walking, where I culd happily wander abut absent-mindedly, in climbing, attentive bservatin is essential.(在岩石之上，我全神贯注。眼睛密切注视，耳朵警觉倾听，双手在表面游走。与行走时可以心不在焉地悠然漫步不同，攀岩时，专注观察至关重要)”可知，作者发现攀岩时专注很重要。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Shepherd sees the muntain as a ttal envirnment and she celebrates the Caingrms as a place alive with plants, rcks, animals and elements.(Shepherd将山视为一个完整的环境，并且她赞美凯恩戈姆山是一个充满植物、岩石、动物和自然元素的地方)”可知，作者从Shepherd身上学到攀登与大自然融为一体。故选A项。
27．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“Spending s much time in high and stny places has transfrmed my view n the wrld and ur place in it.(在高处多石的地方呆了这么长时间，改变了我对世界和我们在其中的地位的看法)”可知，此处指作者通过爬山改变了对世界和自身在世界中的地位的看法，it指代前文的“世界”。故选C项。
C
African penguins live n the rcky casts f Suth Africa, Namibia and nearby islands. Like ther types f penguins, the birds have white feathers cvering their chests and black feathers cvering their backs. They frm lifelng pair bnds with mates, but they nest in huge clnies — s, scientists wndered hw the birds were able t identify their partners amng the sea f black-and-white birds. They wndered if their chest spts had smething t d with it. T test this thery, they studied 12 African penguins at a z and marine park near Rme called Zmarine Italia.
In ne test, they hung tw life-size phtgraphs f the African penguins. One shwed a randm member f the clny, while the ther shwed the test subject’s mate. The scientists recrded the birds’ interactins with the phts: Hw lng did they spend lking at each ne, as well as hw much time did they spend standing near each phtgraph? The penguins spent mre time gazing at the pht f their partners — abut 23 secnds lnger, n average — than lking at the ther pht. They als std next t the image f their beau s fr twice as lng. Then, the researchers cvered up the heads f the birds in the phtgraphs, leaving nly their speckled bdies visible, and the penguins still lingered near their partners’ prtraits.
In anther experiment, the researchers hung up tw phts f a bird’s mate — but, in ne, they had digitally remved its spts. In this case, the penguin again spent mre time lking at the pht with the dts.
Finally, the researchers psted tw phtgraphs f penguins with digitally remved spts — ne f the test subject’s mate and the ther f a randm penguin frm the clny. In this scenari, the penguins did nt appear t recgnize their partners. They spent rughly the same amunt f time gazing at r standing near bth phts.
Tgether, the results f these experiments suggest African penguins are zering in n their partners’ spts and using them like name tags, scientists say.
“Our results prvide the first evidence f a specific visual cue respnsible fr spntaneus individual recgnitin by a bird and highlight the imprtance f cnsidering all sensry mdalities in the study f animal cmmunicatin,” the researchers write in the paper.
28．What can we learn frm Paragraph 1?
A．African penguins live n the rcky casts f Nrth Africa.
B．Scientists are curius abut the African penguins.
C．African penguins have white feathers cvering their backs.
D．Scientists studied 12 African penguins nly at a z near Rme.
29．What plays a key rle in African penguins’ identifying their partners?
A．Their partners’ vice.B．Their partners’ heads.
C．Their partners’ back feathers.D．Their partners’ speckled bdies.
30．What des the underlined phrase “zering in n” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Lsing sight f.B．Taking delight in.
C．Paying attentin t.D．Speaking highly f.
31．Where might yu find the passage?
A．In a science reprt.B．In a travel brchure.
C．In a bilgy textbk.D．In a fashin magazine.
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．C 31．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了非洲企鹅与它们的配偶是终身伴侣关系。科学家们进行了一系列实验来研究它们是如何在众多企鹅中识别出自己的伴侣的。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“scientists wndered hw the birds were able t identify their partners amng the sea f black-and-white birds(科学家们想知道这些鸟是如何在黑白相间的鸟类中识别出自己的伴侣的)”可知，科学家们想知道非洲企鹅是如何在众多企鹅中识别自己的伴侣的，即科学家们对非洲企鹅很好奇。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Tgether, the results f these experiments suggest African penguins are zering in n their partners’ spts and using them like name tags, scientists say.(科学家们说，这些实验的结果表明，非洲企鹅正在瞄准伴侣身上的斑点，并把它们当作标签来使用。)”可知，本段在总结一系列实验，得出的结论是：非洲企鹅根据伴侣身上的斑点来识别自己的伴侣。故选D。
30．词句猜测题。根据前文提到的实验过程和画线词组后的“and using them like name tags(把它们当作标签来使用)”可知，非洲企鹅非常关注它们伴侣身上的斑点，并把它们当作名字标签一样。由此可知，zering in n意为“关注”，pay attentin t意为“关注”，符合题意。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“T test this thery, they studied 12 African penguins at a z and marine park near Rme called Zmarine Italia.(为了验证这一理论，他们在罗马附近的动物园和海洋公园研究了12只非洲企鹅。)”、文章第二段“In ne test, they hung tw life-size phtgraphs f the African penguins.(在一项测试中，他们悬挂了两张真人大小的非洲企鹅照片。)”和文章第三段“In anther experiment, the researchers hung up tw phts f a bird’s mate—but, in ne, they had digitally remved its spts.(在另一个实验中，研究人员挂起了两张鸟类配偶的照片——但是，在其中一张照片中，他们用数字技术删除了它的斑点。)”可知，本文着重在介绍实验过程，由此可推知，该文章来自一篇科学报告。故选A。
D
Plants are vital t human survival, even when there’s n sunlight. But keeping yur huseplants alive in windw-less rms r in shadwy crners can be a challenge. Luckily, there are ways t help yur plants stay energetic, even when their sunny surce f energy is limited.
Grw lights prvide an easy and accessible energy increase in dim r black spaces. These specialized beams (光线) have different features, clrs, and prices. LEDs, fr instance, are the cheapest and mst energy-efficient ptin.
While mst devices stick t a warm white light, plants respnd differently t varius illuminating clrs. Scientist Levine has made tw creative experiments. Under gravity, red light wrked well fr the slim flwering plants Arabidpsis (拟南芥). But in the weightless envirnment, they stretched int funny shapes until he started adding blue lights. He eventually fund a middle grund and put the plants in green light.
If electricity is a limiting factr, yu can try t reflect light with mirrrs. Even brightening up yur space with white decratins, like a light-clred tableclth, will cast a little glw ver yur plants. While it’s nt cmparable t using a grw light r the sun, it culd ffer plants extra pwer.
Sme plants, including tmates, need mre light than thse like Arabidpsis; new seedling s need less light than fully-grw n plants. As yu chse yur seeds and seedlings, research their native ranges t learn hw much sunshine they’d naturally get.
Plants are finally adaptable. They can stretch their stems tward available light surces r prduce extra chlrphyll (叶绿素), which absrbs available cld light. Even thugh they may nt be getting all the light that they wuld like fr ptimum (最适宜的) grwth, they’ll still grw. With nly a little extra help, yu and yur plants can vercme the darkness.
32．What is the purpse f using grw lights?
A．T change the clr f the plants.B．T prvide an energy bst in dim spaces.
C．T create a decrative effect in the rm.D．T help plants grw in weightless envirnments.
33．What did Levine discver abut the effect f different light clrs in experiments?
A．Plants grew best under red lights withut gravity.
B．Blue lights caused plants t grw funny shapes.
C．Green lights were the best chice fr plants withut gravity.
D．Plants preferred warm white lights in all situatins.
34．Hw can yu help plants get extra energy withut using electricity?
A．By putting the metal in the sil.B．By adding mre fertilizer t their sil.
C．By decrating sme reflective bjects.D．By puring sme chemical liquid.
35．Wh is the passage written fr?
A．Plant scientists and researchers.
B．Indr decratrs and designers.
C．Farmers planning t grw crps in lw-light cnditins.
D．Individuals lking t imprve their indr gardening skills.
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在缺乏阳光的环境中如何帮助植物生长。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Grw lights prvide an easy and accessible energy increase in dim r black spaces.(在昏暗或黑暗的空间里，植物生长灯提供了一种容易获得的能量增加)”可知，植物生长灯可以在昏暗的环境中增加能量。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“But in the weightless envirnment, they stretched int funny shapes until he started adding blue lights. He eventually fund a middle grund and put the plants in green light.(但在失重环境下，它们会伸展成有趣的形状，直到他开始添加蓝光。他最终找到了一个中间地带，把这些植物置于绿光下)”可知，莱文最终发现在失重环境下，绿光对植物的生长效果最佳。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Even brightening up yur space with white decratins, like a light-clred tableclth, will cast a little glw ver yur plants. While it’s nt cmparable t using a grw light r the sun, it culd ffer plants extra pwer.(即使用白色的装饰来照亮你的空间，比如浅色的桌布，也会给你的植物带来一点光芒。虽然它不能与使用生长灯或太阳相比，但它可以为植物提供额外的能量)”可知，在室内装饰一些反光的物品可以使植物获得额外的能量。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Luckily, there are ways t help yur plants stay energetic, even when their sunny surce f energy is limited.(幸运的是，有一些方法可以帮助你的植物保持活力，即使它们的阳光能量来源有限)”以及文章最后一句“With nly a little extra help, yu and yur plants can vercme the darkness.(只需要一点额外的帮助，你和你的植物就能克服黑暗)”可知，本文主要介绍了在缺乏阳光的环境下如何帮助植物生长，旨在帮助那些想要提高自己的室内园艺种植技能的人。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Bdy image is a persn’s pinins and feelings abut his r her wn bdy and physical appearance. 36 Yu appreciate yur bdy fr its capabilities and accept ifs imperfectins. S, what can yu d t develp a psitive bdy image? Here are sme ideas.
Recgnize yur strengths. Different bdy types are gd fr different things. What des yur bdy d well? Maybe yur speed, strength, r crdinatin makes yu better than thers at a certain sprt. That may be basketball, table tennis, muntain biking, dancing, r even running. Or perhaps yu have nn-sprts skills, like drawing, painting, singing, playing musical instrument, writing r acting. 37
Exercise regularly. Exercise can help yu lk gd and feel gd abut yurself. Gd physiques (体型) dn’t just happen. 38 A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes t ne hur three days a week. Wrking ut can als lift yur spirits.
39 Practicing gd habits—regular shwering; taking care f yur teeth, hair, and skin; wearing clean clthes, and s n—can help yu build a psitive bdy image.
Be yurself. Yur bdy is just ne part f wh yu are. 40 S try nt t let small imperfectins take ver.
A．Respect yur bdy.
B．Use this as an pprtunity t discver what yu’re gd at.
C．Yur talent fr cmedy, a quick wit, and all the ther things make yu unique.
D．They take hard wrk, regular wrkuts, and a healthy diet.
E．Having a psitive bdy image means feeling satisfied with the way yu lk.
F．Just explre talents that yu feel gd abut.
G．The gd news is that self-image and bdy image can be changed.
【答案】36．E 37．F 38．D 39．A 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了提高自我外在形象的方法和策略。
36．由上文“Bdy image is a persn's pinins and feelings abut his r her wn bdy and physical appearance.（形象是一个人对自己身体和外表的看法和感受）”和下文“Yu appreciate yur bdy fr its capabilities and accept its imperfectins.(因为身体的能力你欣赏它，同时要接受它的不完美)”可知，上文解释了什么是bdy image，下文则让读者接受自己身体上的不完美，由此推知空处陈述好的外形对我们的影响。E项“Having a psitive bdy image means feeling satisfied with the way yu lk”（有好的外形意味着你对自己的样子很满意）切题，起到承上启下的作用。故选E。
37．根据本段首句“Recgnize yur strengths. (认清你的强项)”和下文“That may be basketball, table tennis, muntain biking, dancing, r even running. Or perhaps yu have nn-sprts skills, like drawing, painting, singing, playing a musical instrument, writing, r acting. （那可能是篮球、乒乓球、山地自行车、舞蹈，甚至跑步。或者你有非体育技能，比如绘画、唱歌、演奏乐器、写作或表演）”可知，有很多技能可以供我们开发，只要我们积极去探索就一定能找到适合自己的。F项“Just explre talents that yu feel gd abut.”（要去探索你感觉好的才能）切题，起到总结该段内容的作用。故选F。
38．由上文“Gd physiques(体形) dn't just happen.（好的体形不会自己产生）”和下文“A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes t 1 hur three days a week. Wrking ut can als lift yur spirits.(一个健康的习惯简单的就像每天锻炼20分钟到一个小时。锻炼也能提升你的精神) ”可推知，好的体形是需要通过锻炼等来塑造的。D项“They take hard wrk, regular wrkuts, and a healthy diet.”（它们需要艰辛的努力，定期锻炼和健康的饮食）切题，该选项中的they代指上文的gd physiques。故选D。
39．后文提到“Practicing gd habits—regular shwering; taking care f yur teeth, hair, and skin;wearing clean clthes, and s n—can help yu build a psitive bdy image.”（养成好习惯——经常洗澡；照顾好你的牙齿、头发和皮肤；穿干净的衣服，等等，可以帮助你建立一个积极的身体形象。）该段提到洗澡、刷牙、照顾好头发皮肤，穿干净的衣服等等，这些都是对自己身体爱护的一个表现。A项“Respect yur bdy.”（尊重你的身体）符合文意，总结了后文中对自己身体爱护的内容，该项起到引出后文的作用。故选A。
40．前文提到“Be yurself. Yur bdy is just ne part f wh yu are. ”（做你自己。你的身体只是你的一部分。）要接受自己的身体，无论好坏。后文提到“S try nt t let small imperfectins take ver.”（所以尽量不要让小的不完美占据主导。），一个人都会有好的和坏的，要多多去发现自己好的一面，C项“Yur talent fr cmedy, a quick wit, and all the ther things make yu unique.”（你在喜剧方面的天赋、机智和所有其他方面都使你独一无二。）该项提到每个人在不同的方面都会有属于自己擅长和好的一面，该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Grwing up in pverty in rural Kenya, Nelly Chebi watched her single mther wrk tirelessly s she culd attend schl.
Frm an early age, she realized that her family, alng with thers like hers in their village, was____41____ a cycle that left them little hpe. Chebi attended cllege ____42____ schlarship in the UnitedStates, wrked dd jbs t supprt her family, and discvered her ____43____ fr cmputer science. She____44____ the success in finding jbs t her cmputer literacy. She knew she wanted t share it with her____45____ back hme.
Tday, she’s giving 4,000 kids the chance fr a ___46___ future thrugh her nnprfit, TechLit Africa.The rganizatin, whse name is shrt fr Technlgically Literate Africa, uses recycled ___47___ t create technlgy labs in schls in rural Kenya.
In 2018, she began ____48____ recycled cmputers. She started small, carrying the machines t Kenya in check-n bags and ___49___ custms fees and taxes herself. TechLit Africa nw wrks with shipping cmpanies t ___50___ the dnated cmputers s it’s mre cst ___51___.The dnated hardware is ___52___ t partner schls in rural Kenya, where students aged 4 t 12 receive daily classes and frequent ____53____ t learn frm prfessinals and gain skills that will help imprve their educatin and prepare them fr future jbs.
“My hpe is that when the first TechLit kids graduate high schl, they’re able t get a jb nline____54____ they will knw hw t cde,”Chebi said.“The wrld is yur yster when yu are educated. By bringing the resurces, by bringing these skills, we are ____55____ the wrld t them.”
A. stuck inB. applied tC. stricken byD. prhibited frm
A. beyndB. nC. againstD. fr
A. appreciatinB. sympathyC. passinD. attractin
A. praisedB. creditedC. strengthenedD. admitted
A. familyB. friendsC. clleaguesD. cmmunity
A. stableB. uncertainC. brighterD. peaceful
A. cmputersB. textbksC. materialsD. wastes
A. prgrammingB. studyingC. purchasingD. accepting
A. cuttingB. handlingC. cllectingD. charging
A. transplantB. translateC. transprtD. transfrm
A. efficientB. rewardingC. accessibleD. reliable
A. attachedB. cmmittedC. cntributedD. distributed
A. alternativesB. pprtunitiesC. ccasinsD. meetings
A. becauseB. befreC. sD. and
A. caring abutB. turning nC. pening upD. shwing ff
【答案】
41. A 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了尼莉·切博伊通过她的非营利组织TechLit Africa为肯尼亚农村的孩子们创造更加美好的未来。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从小她意识到她的家庭和村里其他家庭陷入了一个让他们没有什么希望的恶性循环。A. stuck in被困在；B. applied t适用于；C. stricken by受...打击；D. prhibited frm被禁止做某事。根据后文的“that left them little hpe”可知，他们没有什么希望，即他们受困于这个贫穷的恶性循环。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：Chebi依靠奖学金在美国读大学，打零工养家，并发现了自己对计算机科学的热情。A. beynd超出；B. n在……上；C. against反对；D. fr为了。根据前文的“Grwing up in pverty in rural Kenya, Nelly Chebi watched her single mther wrk tirelessly s she culd attend schl.”可知，在肯尼亚农村的贫困中长大，Nelly Chebi看着她的单身母亲辛勤工作以便她能上学，因此她需要打零工和依靠奖学金才能上大学，n schlarship：依靠奖学金。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Chebi通过奖学金在美国读大学，打工来支持家人，并发现了自己对计算机科学的热情。A. appreciatin欣赏；B. sympathy同情；C. passin热情；D. attractin吸引。根据“finding jbs t her cmputer literacy”可知，她将找到工作归因于她的计算机技能，因此在上学期间她对计算机科学产生了热情。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她将成功找到工作归因于她的计算机技能。A. praised赞扬；B. credited归因于；C. strengthened加强；D. admitted承认。根据前文的“discvered cmputer science”可知，她发现了自己对计算机科学有热情，因此她将找到工作归因于她的计算机技能，：把……归因于……。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她知道自己想在回国后与社区的人们分享这种技能。A. family家人；B. friends朋友；C. clleagues同事；D. cmmunity社区。根据前文的“Frm an early age, she realized that her family, alng with thers like hers in their village, cycle that left them little hpe.”可知，从小她意识到她的家庭和村里其他家庭陷入了一个让他们没有什么希望的恶性循环，因此她想帮助社区的人们走出困境。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她通过非营利组织 TechLit Africa 为 4000 个孩子创造了更加光明的未来。A. stable稳定的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. brighter更加明亮的；D. peaceful和平的。根据前文的“She knew she wanted t share it with hme.”可知，她回国后与社区分的人们分享这种技能，这会给孩子们带去一个光明的未来，走出贫困。故选C项。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织利用回收的计算机在肯尼亚农村学校创建技术实验室。A. cmputers计算机；B. textbks教科书；C. materials材料；D. wastes废物。根据下文的“recycled cmputers”可知，这个组织利用回收的计算机来创建技术实验室，cmputers是同词复现。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年，她开始接受回收的电脑。A. prgramming编程；B. studying学习；C. purchasing购买；D. accepting接受。根据“She started small, carrying the machines t Kenya”可知，她开始少量地接受回收的二手电脑，将它们带到肯尼亚。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她从小做起，把机器装在托运行李里运到肯尼亚，自己处理海关费用和税款。A. cutting切割；B. handling处理；C. cllecting收集；D. charging充电。根据“custms fees and taxes herself”可知，她亲自处理海关费用和税款。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：TechLit Africa 现在与船运公司合作运输捐赠的电脑，因此更具成本效益。A. transplant移植；B. translate翻译；C. transprt运输；D. transfrm转化。根据前文的“shipping cmpanies”可知，运输公司要对电脑进行运输，送到肯尼亚。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：TechLit Africa 现在与船运公司合作运输捐赠的电脑，因此更具成本效益。A. efficient高效的；B. rewarding有回报的；C. accessible可获得的；D. reliable可靠的。根据前文的“TechLit Africa nw wrks with shipping cmpanies dnated cmputers”可知，TechLit Africa与航运公司合作运输捐赠的电脑是为了降低成本。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：捐赠的硬件被分发给肯尼亚农村的合作学校，在那里，4至12岁的学生每天接受课程，并经常有机会向专业人士学习，获得技能，这将有助于提高他们的教育水平，为未来的工作做好准备。A. attached附加；B. cmmitted承诺；C. cntributed贡献； D. distributed分发。根据“partner schls in rural Kenya, where students aged 4 t 12 receive daily classes”可知，合作学校4至12岁的学生每天接受课程，说明电脑被分发到了各个合作学校。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：捐赠的硬件被分发给肯尼亚农村的合作学校，在那里，4至12岁的学生每天接受课程，并经常有机会向专业人士学习，获得技能，这将有助于提高他们的教育水平，为未来的工作做好准备。A. alternatives替代选择； B. pprtunities机会； C. ccasins场合；D. meetings会议。根据“learn frm prfessinals and gain skills that will help imprve their educatin and prepare them fr future jbs”可知，让学生有机会向专业人士学习并获得技能，以帮助他们提高教育水平并为未来的工作做好准备，这是孩子们的学习机会。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：Chebi说，“我的希望是，当第一批TechLit的孩子高中毕业时，他们能够在网上找到工作，因为他们知道如何编程”。A. because因为；B. befre在……之前；C. s所以；D. and和。根据“they’re able t get a jb will knw hw t cde,”可知，“他们能够在线找到工作”与“学会如何编程”之间为因果关系。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过带来这些资源和技能，我们正在向这些孩子打开世界的大门。A. caring abut关心；B. turning n打开；C. pening up开放，打开；D. shwing ff 炫耀。根据前文的“By bringing the resurces, by bringing these skills”可知，Chebi 认为通过带来这些资源和技能，孩子们能够走出贫穷，即他们正在向这些孩子打开走向世界的大门。故选C项。
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is believed that Chinese kntting, als knwn as zhnggujie, riginated fr recrding infrmatin and exchanging messages 56 writing was invented. Over the past thusands f years, knts 57 (play) an imprtant part in the life f Chinese. 58 (initial), Chinese knts acted as gd -luck charms t drive away evil spirits. Tday, Chinese knts are widely used t decrate hmes during festivities.
A majr characteristic f Chinese knts is that they are ften tied frm a single cntinuus length f string. The knts are cmmnly named 59 the shape it takes. Chinese knts are created in a 60 (varius) f clrs such as gld, green, blue, r black, thugh the mst cmmnly used clr is red, 61 symblizes gd luck and prsperity.
Crafting the Chinese knt is a three-step prcess 62 (invlve) tying knts, tightening them and adding the finishing tuches. The knts 63 (pull) tightly tgether and are strng enugh t be used fr binding r wrapping, making them very practical.
Tday, mst f such knts are ften mass manufactured in factries. Skilled knt artists weave cmplex knts that yu might see 64 (sell) as suvenirs that yu can take back with yu. If yu have time, why nt try yur hand at it? Perhaps these age-ld charms can add 65 tuch f gd luck t yur daily life?
【答案】
56．befre 57．have played 58．Initially 59．after 60．variety 61．which 62．invlving 63．are pulled 64．sld 65．a
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了中国结的历史、特点以及象征意义。
56．考查状语从句。句意：人们认为，在文字发明之前，中国的结，也被称为“中国结”，起源于记录信息和交换信息。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”应用befre。故填befre。
57．考查时态。句意：在过去的几千年里，结在中国人的生活中扮演着重要的角色。根据上文Over the past thusands f years可知为现在完成时，主语为knts，助动词用have。故填have played。
58．考查副词。句意：最初，中国结是作为驱邪的好运符。修饰后文句子应用副词initially，首字母大写。故填Initially。
59．考查介词。句意：绳结通常以绳结的形状命名。短语be named after表示“以……命名”。故填after。
60．考查名词。句意：中国结有多种颜色，如金色、绿色、蓝色或黑色，但最常用的颜色是红色，象征着好运和繁荣。短语a variety f表示“各种各样的”。故填variety。
61．考查定语从句。句意：中国结有多种颜色，如金色、绿色、蓝色或黑色，但最常用的颜色是红色，象征着好运和繁荣。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词red，在从句作主语，指物。故填which。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：制作中国结有三个步骤，包括打结、系紧和收尾。分析句子结构可知invlve与逻辑主语prcess构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填invlving。
63．考查时态语态。句意：结紧紧地拉在一起，足够牢固，可以用来捆绑或包裹，使它们非常实用。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为knts，谓语用复数。故填are pulled。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：熟练的结艺术家编织复杂的结，你可能会看到作为纪念品出售，你可以带回去。分析句子结构可知sell与逻辑主语knts构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填sld。
65．考查冠词。句意：也许这些古老的护身符能给你的日常生活带来好运？短语a tuch f表示“一点点，稍许”。故填a。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66．假定你是学生会的李华，你的外教Jim老师打算在学校举行一次英文诗歌创作大赛，他希望你能写一份公开信号召各位同学踊跃参加，内容包括：
1. 举行英文诗歌大赛的目的
2. 参加比赛的好处
3. 期待大家的踊跃参与
注意: 1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear my fellw students,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Student Unin
【答案】Dear fellw students,
Our English teacher, Jim, is rganizing an exciting petry cntest at schl. It’s an pprtunity t express urselves thrugh pems and shwcase ur creativity.
Participating in this cntest will help us imprve ur English language skills and gain recgnitin fr ur talents. It will als bring us clser tgether as a cmmunity thrugh ur lve fr literature. Whether yu’re an experienced pet r just starting ut, I encurage all f yu t jin.
Let’s unleash ur imaginatins, pur ur hearts int ur pems, and create smething beautiful. Let’s make this cntest a success and witness the magic f petry.
Best regards!
Student Unin
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的外教Jim老师打算在学校举行一次英文诗歌创作大赛，他希望你能写一份公开信号召各位同学踊跃参加，由此要求考生写一封倡议信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：cntest→cmpetitin
组织：rganize→cnduct
参与：participate in→take part in
提高：imprve→enhance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our English teacher, Jim, is rganizing an exciting petry cntest at schl.
拓展句：Our English teacher, Jim, is rganizing an exciting petry cntest at schl, which is greatly meaningful fr everyne.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Participating in this cntest will help us imprve ur English language skills and gain recgnitin fr ur talents. （运用了动名词作主语）
【高分句型2】Whether yu’re an experienced pet r just starting ut, I encurage all f yu t jin.（运用了引导的让步状语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Catherine had stayed at hme all her life t lk after her three children, but nw, she, wh lst her husband in a car accident, had t step ut and earn mney t make ends meet. With zer wrk experience and n prfessinal degree, her chances f getting hired fr a well-paid jb were next t zer.
One day, after drpping her children at schl, Catherine sptted a cnstructin site. “I think I can wrk here,” she thught and apprached the manager.
“Hi, are yu hiring?” she asked. “Yes, we are,” the manager lked at Catherine frm head t te. “Are yu sure yu can wrk here? This jb requires a lt f hard wrk.” “I’m ready fr it,” she tld the manager and signed a cntract t wrk a 12-hur shift.
Hwever, Catherine kept her new jb a secret frm her children. She thught they wuld feel embarrassed after learning their mther wrked at a cnstructin site.
Every mrning, after drpping her children t schl, she wuld g t the cnstructin site and wrk until her shift ended. She wuld pick up heavy bricks n her shulder t transprt them frm ne part f the site t the ther. One evening, Catherine’s sn, Peter, tld her abut an upcming cntest in schl that required mthers t participate. In the cmpetitin, students will wear blindflds and have t recgnize their mthers withut lking at them. “That sunds like such a cl event, Peter!” Catherine said excitedly. “I can’t wait fr it!” “I wn’t g therewith yu, mm,” Peter replied. “But why?” What her sn said next was smething Catherine wasn’t prepared t hear.
“Mm, I wuld have t tuch yur hands t recgnize yu, and everyne wuld lk at them,” Peter explained. “Yur hands are s ugly. They’re s hard and rugh,” he added. “I will feel s embarrassed when my classmates lk at yur hands,” the by said. “I wn’t attend the event.” Catherine felt terrible but culdn’t say anything in her defense.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
A few weeks later, Peter was walking hme when smething unexpected caught his attentin.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
On his way back hme, he kept thinking abut hw he wuld aplgize t his mther:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
A few weeks later, Peter was walking hme when smething unexpected caught his attentin. On a cnstructin site, a familiar shrt thin female figure was busy carrying heavy bricks amng a grup f men. She used her hands t pick up bricks ne by ne and arrange them in a pile s that she culd mve them. Sweat pured dwn her face, but she had n time t wipe it ff. Peter’s eyes gt wet. That’s her mther, wh he thught wuld make him embarrassed in frnt f thers. Seeing the surprising scene, he had mixed feelings and ran ff.
Paragraph 2:
On his way back hme, he kept thinking abut hw he wuld aplgize t his mther. He came int the kitchen, where Catherine was preparing dinner, wrds failing him. Catherine nticed him stand still and then asked curiusly, “What’s the matter, Peter?” With a deep breath, Peter said, “I’m srry, Mm. Yu have always been lking after us while I have made yu sad.” Catherine smiled, and nw she knew that Peter had already fund her secret, saying, “That’s OK, sn. But I really hpe yu will participate in that cntest.” “Of curse, I want t let everyne watch my mm’s hands. I really feel prud f it!” Peter said firmly.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Catherine为了维持一家人的生计，瞒着孩子们去工地上工作。她的儿子Peter告诉她学校即将有一场蒙眼猜人的比赛，但他不想让众人看到Catherine粗糙且丑陋的手，所以不打算参加。Catherine听到这些感觉很糟糕。一天Peter回家的时候无意间发现了妈妈工作的秘密，他意识到了自己的错误，于是向Catherine道歉，并决定和Catherine一起参加比赛。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，彼得走在回家的路上，一件意想不到的事情引起了他的注意”可知，第一段可描写彼得发现妈妈在工地搬砖头，十分辛苦，他感到内疚。
②由第二段首句内容“在回家的路上，他一直在想该如何向母亲道歉”可知，第二段可描写彼得向母亲道歉以及决定参加比赛。
2.续写线索：彼得回家——发现妈妈搬砖——彼得内疚——彼得道歉——决心参赛——彼得感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①跑开：run ff/run away
②照顾：lk after/take care f
③参加：participate in /take part in
情绪类
①尴尬：embarrassed/awkward
②惊人：surprising/astnishing
【点睛】[高分句型1] She used her hands t pick up bricks ne by ne and arrange them in a pile s that she culd mve them. (运用了s that引导目的状语从句和不定式作状语)
[高分句型2] He came int the kitchen, where Catherine was preparing dinner, wrds failing him. (运用了where引导非限制性定语从句和独立主格结构)