人教版中考英语语法专项复习 专题九 动词的时态和被动语态 课件

这是一份人教版中考英语语法专项复习 专题九 动词的时态和被动语态 课件，共48页。PPT课件主要包含了模拟考题，图解语法，考点1 动词的时态，一般将来时的构成，一般将来时的用法，现在完成时的用法，易混辨析，考点2 被动语态，被动语态的构成，被动语态的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一般现在时［2018.35］
1.一般现在时的构成主语+am/is/are或动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式
2.一般现在时的基本用法
（1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。如：He walks t schl every day. 他每天步行去上学。
（2）表示客观事实或普遍真理。如：The earth mves arund the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。【注意】在含宾语从句的复合句中，如果从句是客观真理或事实，无论主句是什么时态，从句都应使用一般现在时。如：The teacher tld us light travels faster than sund.老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
（3）表示现在的情况或所存在的状态。如：Smene is at the dr. 有人在门口。
3.一般现在时的特殊用法
（1）在含时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，主句若用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。如：If it rains tmrrw, we wn't have a picnic.如果明天下雨，我们就不去野餐。
（2）表示按计划、规定或时间表等将要发生的动作。这一用法通常只限于某些表示"来、去、开始、停止"等意义的词。常见的有此用法的动词（短语）有:
The plane takes ff at ten a.m.这架飞机将在上午十点钟起飞。
4.常与一般现在时连用的时间状语
（1）表示时间：n Sundays，at weekends，n weekdays等。
（2）表示频度：ften, smetimes, usually, always, seldm, never, every day/week/mnth/year, nce a week等。
一般过去时［2014.48］
1.一般过去时的构成主语+was/were或动词的过去式
2.一般过去时的基本用法
（1）表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：He went back last mnth. 他上个月回去了。
（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：The dctr came twice a mnth last year. 那位医生去年每个月来两次。
3.一般过去时的特殊用法 在含since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：She has wrked there since she came t the city. 自从到这个城市，她就一直在那里工作。
4.常与一般过去时连用的时间状语
（1）表示时间：yesterday, last night, tw days ag, in the past, just nw,ne day, nce upn a time等。
（2）表示频度：always, usually, ften, smetimes等。
一般将来时［2022.27；2014.41］
①主语+will+动词原形②主语+be ging t+动词原形
（1）描述未来的事情或表达对将来的预测等时可以用一般将来时，其结构为"will+动词原形"。如：There will be a cmputer n every desk in the future. 将来每个桌子上都会有一台电脑。
（2）表示计划、打算或者有意做某事时也可用一般将来时，其结构为"be ging t+动词原形"。如：We are ging t watch a mvie this Friday. 我们本周五打算看一场电影。
（3）表示某种必然的趋势。如：Withut air， all living things will die. 没有空气，所有生物都会死。
3.常与一般将来时连用的时间状语tmrrw, next week/mnth/year, sn, in the future, in a few days等。
现在进行时［2023.29；2015.37］
1.现在进行时的构成主语+am/is/are+现在分词
2.现在进行时的基本用法
（1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如：Is it raining hard nw? 现在雨下得大吗？
（2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如：Many freigners are learning Chinese nwadays. 如今许多外国人在学习汉语。
3.现在进行时的特殊用法 一些表示位移的动词，可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。常见的有此用法的动词（短语）有:
He is leaving Shanghai in a few days. 几天后他将离开上海。
4.常与现在进行时连用的时间状语right nw,these days,at the mment,nw等。
过去进行时［2016.41］
1.过去进行时的构成主语+was/were+现在分词
2.过去进行时的用法 表示过去某个时刻或某一时段正在进行的动作。如：I was watching TV at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我正在看电视。
3.在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，过去进行时的用法
（1）表示过去某一时刻一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。主句（过去进行时）+when引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）主句（一般过去时）+while引导的时间状语从句（过去进行时）①When the teacher came int the classrm, the students were reading alud.当老师走进教室的时候，学生们正在大声读书。②My sister came back while I was ding my hmewrk.我正在做作业时，我姐姐回来了。
（2）表示过去某一时刻两个动作在同时进行。主句（过去进行时）+while引导的时间状语从句（过去进行时）My mther was cking while my brther was watching TV.当我弟弟在看电视的时候，我妈妈正在做饭。
4.常与过去进行时连用的时间状语at this time yesterday， then, at that time等。
现在完成时［2021.27；2020.27；2019.34；2017.34］
1.现在完成时的构成主语+have/has+过去分词
（1）表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。如：I have seen the film. I d nt want t see it again. 这部电影我已经看过了，不想再看了。
（2）表示某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在并有可能持续下去，可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，此时应注意表示持续动作或状态的谓语动词多是延续性动词。如：
①I have studied English fr tw years. 我学习英语已经两年了。
②It has been five years since he jined the army. 他参军已经有五年了。
常见的非延续性动词（短语）转化为延续性动词（短语）：
3.常与现在完成时连用的时间状语already, yet, never, just, ever, s far, befre, since+时间点或从句, fr+一段时间， in the past three years, recently, by nw等。
一般过去时与现在完成时
1.一般现在时的被动语态［2018.44］构成：am/is/are+过去分词Shes are made by them in that factry. 鞋子是由他们在那家工厂制造的。
2.一般过去时的被动语态［2023.25；2017.42；2016.34］构成：was/were+过去分词The classrm was cleaned by us just nw. 教室刚才被我们打扫过了。
3.一般将来时的被动语态［2019.42］构成：be ging t/will be+过去分词The wrk will be finished by them next Friday. 这项工作将在下周五由他们完成。
1.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。如：The cup was brken by David. 这个杯子是被戴维打碎的。
2.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者。如：The watch is made f gld. 这块手表是用金子做的。
3.动作的执行者是物而不是人。如：Many huses were washed away by the fld.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
4.某些结构中要用被动语态 在It is said that, It is believed that, It is hped that, It is suggested that等结构中用被动语态。如：It is believed that the huse was built in 1735.据信，这房子建于1735年。
1.主语+及物动词+宾语Lu Xun wrte the bk.鲁迅写的这本书。→The bk was written. .by Lu Xun.【变化规则】①主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，若宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变为主格；②及物动词由主动形式变为被动形式；③将主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语，并由by引导。
2.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Jack bught me a present. 杰克给我买了个礼物。
I was bught a present by Jack. （间接宾语作主语）A present was bught fr me by Jack.（直接宾语作主语）
【变化规则】带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以选择将其中一个宾语转化成主语。直接宾语作为被动语态的主语时，要在间接宾语前加t/fr；间接宾语作主语时无须加介词。
3.主语+动词短语+宾语I. .wrked ut a plan. 我制订了一个计划。→ A plan was wrked ut by me.【注意】动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，由主动句变为被动句时不可漏掉其中的介词或副词。
1.某些系动词（lk, taste, smell, sund等）用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The sup smells gd. 这汤闻起来很香。
2.write, pen, sell, read等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：①This pen writes well.这支钢笔书写流畅。②The strybk sells well. 这本故事书卖得很好。
3.某些表示"发生/爆发"的不及物动词或短语，可用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The fire happened at nine last night. 昨天晚上九点发生了火灾。
4.某些表示"需要"的动词，如need，require等，可用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The machine needs/requires repairing. =The machine needs/requires t be repaired. 这台机器该修理了。
5."be wrth ding"结构是主动形式表示被动意义。如：The bk is wrth reading. 这本书值得读。
1.[2020安徽中考] —The air here is much fresher than befre.—Exactly! We___ a lt f trees in the past few years.
A.plantedB.were plantingC.have plantedD.will plant
2.[2016安徽中考] I saw Sam and David in the playgrund yesterday afternn. They___ games with their classmates then.
A.playB.will playC.are playingD.were playing
3.—Cathy,can yu answer the dr? I ___ the rm.—I'm cming, Mum.
A.cleanB.cleanedC.have cleanedD.am cleaning
4.Wrk hard and try t get better, and then yu ___ successful mre easily.
A.becmeB.becameC.will becmeD.are becming
5.—I can't find my wallet. I ___ it in the bx and then left the rm.—Dn't wrry, sir. I'll help yu find it.
A.lckedB.lckC.was lckingD.will lck
6.[2016安徽中考] When the baby dg___, it was very hungry. S we gave it sme fd.
A.is fundB.was fundC.has been fundD.will be fund
7.[2023咸宁中考] —Have yu heard f the UN Chinese Language Day?—Of curse. Chinese ___ by mre and mre peple arund the wrld nwadays.
A.spkeB.is spkenC.speaksD.was spken
8.—Yu lk s cute in the picture!—Is that me? I can't even remember when this picture ___.
A.takesB.tkC.was takenD.has taken
9.The students wh are interested in English ___ t take part in the English speech cntest.
A.encurageB.are encuragedC.have encuragedD.encuraged
10.It's hard t believe this beautiful pem ___ by an 8-year-ld student.
A.was writtenB.writesC.wrteD.will be written
阅读短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。
Frm a yung age, Bex Lindsay was very interested in radi. At that time Lindsay 1.________ （want） t wrk at Fun Kids, a radi statin fr yung listeners, s she sent them a strange recrding, hping t 2.____________（accept）.
"In the ld hst-t-be perfrmance, the final thing yu 3.______________（require） t d was t jump n a trampline（蹦床） while yu 4._________________（interview） smebdy," she tld the reprter. "I didn't have a trampline and I didn't want t d it in frnt f anyne else, s I interviewed myself."
be accepted
were required
were interviewing
Lindsay's recrding really wrked and nw she 5._______（wrk） as a ppular prgram hst. She lves radi mre than ever. She says, "My rle as the hst is kind f t be a listener, s I will ask questins that ther peple wuld want t ask."
When she 6._________ （ask） hw she has becme successful, Lindsay says, "Keep the dream in yur mind and never give up."
1.[2023扬州中考] While everyne ___ the cmics page, I picked up a cpy t see what was s funny.
A.is laughing atB.laughed atC.laughs atD.was laughing at
2.[2023滨州中考] —Srry, I can't hear yu clearly. I ___ a ftball match.—OK. I'll ring yu up later.
A.watchB.watchedC.am watchingD.was watching
3.［原创新题］Many peple ___ their phnes silent in public. They dn't want t make any nise.
A.are keepingB.keptC.keepD.were keeping
4.He lks happy when he sees his grades. It seems he ___ the test.
A.will passB.was passingC.is passingD.has passed
5.Jane gave away mst f her mney and ___ fr her kindness.
A.praisedB.was praisedC.is praisedD.has praised
6.When we finish building the museum, the walls inside it ___ white.
A.paintB.paintedC.were paintedD.will be painted
请根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A British by has becme ne f the yungest peple t sail alne acrss the Atlantic Ocean. Seb Clver 1._____（have） a fantastic and exciting hbby — sailing. He nce 2._______（sail） his 9.8-metre-lng bat 5,000 km frm Tenerife t Antigua.
Fifteen-year-ld Seb said, "Smetimes I was afraid. But I still 3.________（enjy） every mment. The best thing was seeing fish and ther sea animals swimming clse t the bat." He 4._____ （be） als very happy t arrive in Antigua.
"Yu are busy all the time n a bat alne. It's difficult t ck smething t eat n this kind f jurney because yu have t watch the sea all the time. Usually, yu 5.____ （eat） smething small. That way, yu dn't have t stp wrking. The wrst part f the jurney? That's easy t answer," said Seb. "I 6._____ （run） ut f chclate!"
Seb 7.____________________（learn） sailing bats since he was very yung and 8.________（start） t get ready fr this jurney when he was nly twelve. Seb said, "I enjyed sailing alne, but I'm lking frward t ging back t schl nw. Next time I 9.________ （g） sailing with my friends."
has learnt/learned