专题一0九 阅读理解——2024届中考英语一轮复习进阶训练【人教版】

这是一份专题一0九 阅读理解——2024届中考英语一轮复习进阶训练【人教版】，共14页。
Plunk! I drpped anther pecan (山核桃) int my basket. Then a gentle autumn wind blew sme mre ff the tree. I ran t pick them up. Whew! Pecan picking was hard. My basket was nly half full.
I was visiting my grandpa’s farm in Kansas, and Grandpa sent me int the wds t pick up pecans fr us t enjy later. I wasn’t abut t let him dwn.
Then smething caught my eye: a squirrel picked up a pecan, climbed up a tree and disappeared int a large hle. A mment later, the squirrel climbed dwn t the grund t pick anther pecan. Once again, he tk the pecan back t his secret hiding place inside the hllw (洞) f the tree.
Nt s secret anymre, I thught. I ran ver t the tree and fund the hllw was filled with sweet pecans. They were right there fr the taking. This was my chance. Handful by handful, I tk all the pecans frm the hllw. Nw the basket was full!
I was s prud f myself. I culdn’t wait t shw Grandpa all f the pecans I’d cllected.
“Lk, Grandpa,” I shuted, “lk at all f the pecans I fund!”
Grandpa tk a lk at my basket. “Well, well, hw did yu find s many, Jimmy?” I tld him hw I’d fllwed the squirrel and taken the pecans frm his hiding place. Grandpa cngratulated me n finding ut smething abut the squirrel’s habits. Then he did smething that surprised me. He handed the basket back t me and put his arm gently arund my shulders.
“That squirrel wrked very hard t cllect his winter fd,” he said. “Nw that all f his pecans are gne, dn’t yu think that little squirrel will be very hungry when it gets cld?”
“I didn’t think abut that,” I said.
“I knw,” Grandpa said. “But a gd man shuld never take advantage f smene else’s hard wrk, even the squirrel’s.”
Suddenly I felt as hllw as that ld tree. The image (形象) f that hungry squirrel wuldn’t leave my mind. There was nly ne thing I culd d.
…
1.Why did the writer g t the wds at the beginning f the stry?
A. T pick up pecans.B. T catch little animals
C. T feed the squirrels.D. T lk fr his grandpa.
2.The writer was prud f himself because ________.
A. he was praised by his grandpa
B. he fund ut his grandpa’s secret
C. he helped the squirrel in the hllw
D. he filled his basket with s many pecans
3.Which f the fllwing can best describe Grandpa?
A. Kind and wise.B. Caring and humrus.
C. Shy and friendly.D. Patient and hard-wrking.
4.What is the pssible ending t the stry?
A. The writer sent the pecans t his neighbrs.
B. The writer put all the pecans back int the hle.
C. The writer hid the pecans in his grandpa’s huse.
D. The writer enjyed all the pecans with his family.
5.What is the best title fr the text?
A. An unusual treeB. The stlen pecansC. A smart squirrelD. The magic basket
二、【2023年安徽】
What makes yu fall asleep? The main cause is yur bdy clck, a time-keeper inside yur bdy. But hw t cntrl and use yur bdy clck? Scientists suggested having a shwer befre bed. Jumping int the shwer arund an hur befre bed culd mean yu sleep better.
A warm shwer helps yu relax, and then after it warms yu up, yur cre（核心） bdy temperature drps. This encurages yu t fall asleep mre quickly and sleep mre sundly.
A study in 2019 said that a water temperature f 40℃ t 42. 4℃ prduces the best-quality （最优质的） sleep. After peple lie dwn,mst f them take abut 20 minutes t fall asleep. Hwever, if yu have a shwer ne t tw hurs befre ging t bed, yu will fall asleep 10 minutes earlier
Cre bdy temperature drps naturally befre yu sleep, then drps further during the night. It rises again as yu wake up. It is thught that taking a warm shwer will speed up the drp in temperature befre bed, as it brings bld t the surface f the bdy, and then the heat is given ff
6.What did scientists suggest peple d befre bed t sleep better?
A. Sleep an hur earlier.B. Jump int bed.
C. Have a warm shwer.D. Set a time clck.
7.What des the underlined wrd "sundly" prbably mean?
A. Deeply.B. Prly.C. Kindly.D. Slwly.
8.Which water temperature prduces the best-quality sleep accrding t the study?
A. 44.2℃B. 41.5℃C. 36.4℃D. 32.4℃
9.In which part f a newspaper can yu find the text?
A. Art.B. Weather.C. Histry.D. Health.
三、【2023年河北】
My best friend Bill is always trying t find ut ways t give the envirnment a helping hand. One day, Bill brught sme green cakes t schl. At lunch, he shared his cakes with us. “Delicius!” “Wnderful!” Everyne liked the cakes and wndered hw he made them.
The stry ges back a few weeks. Bill’s family likes fruit very much. His father especially lves watermelns. He eats a lt f them in summer. They always thrw away the skins (皮).
After seeing the cleaner wrking hard t pick up the heavy rubbish pail (桶), Bill said. “There must be a gd way t use all the watermeln skins.”
After a lt f thinking, he decided t make smething with the skins. First, he made the skins int juice. Then he carefully made his delicius GREEN cakes.
Once he tasted the cake, he knew his cakes were a great by-prduct (副产品) f the watermeln eating. And it was nature friendly t.
Frm nw n, he desn’t need t wrry abut the heavy waste frm eating watermelns. And everyne always wants mre f his special cakes.
10.What did Bill share with his classmates ne day?
A. Smething he bught.B. Smething he made.
C. Smething he planted.D. Smething he picked.
11.What d we knw abut Bill’s family?
A. They wrk very hard.B. They like fruit very much.
C. They help pick up the rubbish.D. They enjy making green cakes.
12.What will Bill mst prbably write in his diary?
A. I made very gd cakes and everyne enjyed them.
B. I wrked with the cleaner and my parents praised me.
C. I made sme fruit juice but my classmates needed mre.
D. I tried t help thers but I wrried abut the heavy waste.
四、【2023年江西】
A Bright Idea
Evans Wadng was frm a village f Africa. He had t d hmewrk by the light f a kersene lamp (煤油灯). Evans’ eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was cmmn in his village. Many children left schl fr this they remained pr fr the rest f their lives.
Althugh studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went t a university. He cntinued t wrry abut the kersene lamp. By this time, he realized it was nt just bad fr schlchildren but fr the whle family. First, it can cause illnesses such as cughs. Als, the light can hurt peple’s eyes. Besides, it can lead t fires. Lastly, kersene is expensive, s families have less mney fr fd. It was difficult t cme up with a different kind f lamp that was cheap and gd fr the envirnment. Yet Evans did nt give up.
One day, he had an idea. He culd use a small slar (太阳能的) light. Sunlight is free and slar pwer is gd fr the envirnment. Evans built his first slar lamp, and it wrked. He began t build mre lamps and sent them t lcal families. An rganizatin heard abut this and prvided mney fr him t build mre slar lamps.
Each lamp nly cst $20. Hwever, this was a lt f mney t many villagers, wh nly earned arund $34 a week, s Evans made sure he kept the cst dwn. First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, vlunteers built the lamps. Finally, peple frm many cuntries gave away mney t his team, s the lamps were usually free.
Thusands f peple had safe light. Julia, a mther f three, said, “Thanks t Evans, my children have light t read, and I have my wn light t ck.” The slar lamps made a big difference.
13.What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Leaving schl.B. Ding hmewrk.
C. Having eye prblems.D. Having a bright idea.
14.Hw many prblems abut kersene lamps are mentined accrding t Paragraph 2?
A. 6.B. 5.C. 4.D. 3.
15.Put the fllwing infrmatin int crrect rder accrding t the passage.
a. Evans went t a university. b. Thusands f peple had safe light.
c. His first slar lamp was invented. d. Kersene lamps hurt Evans’ eyes.
e. Recycled materials were used in the lamps.
f. Peple frm many cuntries gave away mney.
A. d-a-c-e-f-bB. d-f-b-a-e-cC. a-d-f-e-c-bD. a-e-c-d-f-b
16.Why des the writer give Julia’s example in Paragraph 5?
A. T share Julia’s experience.B. T shw Evans’ influence.
C. T describe Evans’ feelings.D. T intrduce Evans’ inventin.
17.What is Evans like accrding t the passage?
A. Plite, talented and humrus.B. Quiet, smart and hnest.
C. Humrus, clever and friendly.D. Hard-wrking, lving and creative.
五、【2023年福建】
Whether yellw, red r white, the nin is a vegetable that yu may nt knw well. The list f its uses in cking is endless. Peple have used nins t add flavr (味道) t their fds fr thusands f years. Besides nins’ great taste, they are very gd fr yu. They have special chemicals (化学物质) that imprve yur ability t fight ff sickness and yu have fewer chances f getting a disease.
N matter hw gd nins are fr yu, it is difficult t cut an nin withut yur eyes filling with tears! When yu cut int an nin, irritating (刺激性的) chemicals inside the nin will get int the air. They tuch yur whle eyes and cause pain. Yur eyes make tears t wash away the chemicals and prtect yur eyes.
Luckily, cks and scientists have discvered sme ways t keep yu frm crying when yu cut up nins:
● Cut the nin under running water. The water will wash away the chemicals befre they can reach yur eyes.
● Use a fan t blw air ver the nin as yu cut it. The air will blw the chemicals away frm yur eyes.
● Put the nin in a fridge fr an hur befre cutting. This helps make the chemicals in the nin mve slwly, s they may nt ever reach yur eyes.
If yu try ut these gd ideas and still cry while cutting nins, dn’t wrry. Scientists think if yu cut mre nins, yur bdy will becme mre resilient t the nin’s chemicals. S the tears will nt last lng. If yu think abut hw healthy nins are, yu might even call thse tears “happy tears”.
18.Onins can help yu fight ff sickness because they have ________.
A. different clrsB. many uses in cking
C. great tasteD. special chemicals
19.Why d yur eyes make tears when yu cut nins?
A. T imprve physical cnditin.B. T prevent cmmn diseases.
C. T wash away irritating chemicals.D. T cause terrible pain.
20.What can yu d t stp crying accrding t the text?
① Cut the nin under running water.
② Use a fan t blw air ver the nin while cutting.
③ Cver the nin with a piece f clth as yu cut it.
④ Put the nin in a fridge fr an hur befre cutting.
A. ①②③B. ①②④C. ①③④D. ②③④
21.What des the underlined wrd “resilient” in the last paragraph mean in Chinese?
A. 疲惫的B. 敏感的C. 适应的D. 虚弱的
22.In which sectin f a magazine can yu prbably read the text?
A. Life and health.B. Language and culture.
C. Business wrld.D. Natinal news.
六、【2023年新疆】
The first marathn (马拉松) f the mdern Olympic Games tk place in 1896. Nw marathn is a ppular sprt acrss China. On April 26, mre than 300,000 runners tk part in 26 marathn events natinwide, reprted China Daily.
Teenagers have als taken part in marathns actively. Xu Qian, a 15-year-ld by frm Suqian, Jiangsu, lves running. He tk first place in the 5-kilmeter Happy Run f the Jingdng Suqian Marathn n April 2. Fr Xu, the race meant mnths f training and preparatin. He ran abut 30 t 40 kilmeters each week ahead f the run. “The 800-meter run at schl is mre abut speed while a marathn tests a runner’s endurance and psychlgical quality (心理素质)”, he said. When he felt tired during the race, he tld himself t fight n.
As well as ne’s fighting spirit, kindness frm the peple als plays a part in helping runners get t the finish line. Li Zhuzi frm Shanxi tk part in a 3-kilmeter Kid Run f the Berlin Marathn in Germany in 2019 when she was 10. The supprt frm the peple cheering alng the curse (跑道) really encuraged her. “When things were hard, they cheered me n. The simple wrds ‘keep it up’ meant a lt t me and I was encuraged t keep ging t the end,” Li said.
23.Hw many runners tk part in 26 marathn events natinwide n April 26?
A. Mre than 3,000.B. Mre than 30,000.
C. Mre than 300,000.D. Mre than 3,000,000.
24.Why did Xu Qian run 30 t 40 kilmeters each week ahead f the run?
A. He wanted t help mre runners.B. He had nthing t d but run.
C. His father wanted him t d s.D. He trained in preparatin fr the race.
25.Which f the fllwing best explains the underlined wrd “endurance” in Paragraph 2?
A. 想象力B. 创造力C. 忍耐力D. 自控力
26.What encuraged Li Zhuzi t keep ging t the end?
A. The peple’s supprt.B. The finish line.
C. Other runners’ help.D. The hard things.
27.What is the best title fr the text?
A. The Meaning f Marathn.B. The Histry f Marathn.
C. Runners frm China.D. Hpe fr the Future.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Grandpa sent me int the wds t pick up pecans"可知,A 项符合题意。
2.答案：D
解析：该句前提到“篮子现在装满了！”，该句后提到“我迫不及待要把我采集到的所有山核桃给爷爷看”。由此可推知，作者感到自豪是因为他的篮子装了很多山核桃，故选D。
3.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第七段的最后一句" his arm gently arund my shulders"可推知，爷爷很和蔼；根据第八段和第十段的内容可推知，爷爷教育作者永远不要占别人的便宜，由此可推知，爷爷是一个睿智的人。故A项符合题意。
4.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"The image（形象）f that hungry squirrel wuldn't leave my mind"可知,作者脑海中一直浮现着那只饥饿的松鼠的形象，由此可推知，作者可能会把所有的山核桃都放回松鼠的树洞，故选B。
5.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。本文围绕作者偷了松鼠藏在树洞里的山核桃这件事展开，故B项“被偷走的山核桃”最适合作本文的标题。
二、
6.答案：C
解析：根据题干中的"scientists suggest"和"befre bed t sleep better"可定位到文章第一段中的"Scientists suggested having a shwer befre bed. Jumping int the shwer arund an hur befre bed culd mean yu sleep better"可知，科学家建议人们睡前冲个热水澡。故选C。
7.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。文章第一段介绍了睡前做什么可以睡得更好；再根据画线词前的"This encurages yu t fall asleep mre quickly"可推知，冲个热水澡有助于人们快速入睡，并睡得更香。故sundly和deeply含义相同。
8.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"A study in 2019 said that a water temperature f 40℃ t 42.4℃ prduces the best-quality（最优质的）sleep"可知，40-42.4℃的水温对睡眠最好，选项中只有B项在这个范围内。故选B。
9.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了睡前冲个热水澡有助眠功效，并解释了其原因，这与健康有关。故我们可以在报纸的“健康”版块读到此文。
三、
10.答案：B
解析：根据题干中的"Bill share with his classmates ne day"可定位到第一段中的"One day，Bill brught sme green cakes t schl. At lunch, he shared his cakes with us"，由此可知，那天比尔和同班同学分享的是"绿色"蛋糕；再根据第一段中的"Everyne liked the cakes and wndered hw he made them" 可知，比尔分享的蛋糕是他自己做的。故选B。
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Bill's family likes fruit very much"可知，比尔一家非常喜欢水果，故B项符合题意。
12.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的"At lunch，he shared his cakes... Everyne liked the cakes and wndered hw he made them"以及下文中比尔做蛋糕的原因和过程可知，A项"我做了很好吃的蛋糕，所有人都很喜欢它们"是比尔可能会在日记里写的内容，故选A。
四、
13.答案：C
解析：代词指代题。根据画线词前的"Evans' eyes hurt"可知，眼睛痛让学习变得困难，故画线词指代的是C项"眼睛有问题"。
14.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的"First，it can cause illnesses such as cughs. Als, the light can hurt peple's eyes. Besides, it can lead t fires. Lastly, kersene is expensive, s families have less mney fr fd"可知,煤油灯会导致咳嗽等疾病，煤油灯的光线会伤害人们的眼睛，煤油灯还可能导致火灾，并且煤油很贵，所以家庭买食物的钱就更少了。因此，第二段中一共提到了使用煤油灯会存在的四个问题，故选C。
15.答案：A
解析：本文是按照时间顺序展开描述的，由此可知，正确的顺序是A项。
16.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的" ' Thanks t Evans, my children have light t read, and I have my wn light t ck.' The slar lamps made a big difference"可推知,作者举朱莉娅的例子是为了表明埃文斯的影响力，故选B。
17.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Althugh studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student... He cntinued t wrry abut the kersene lamp"可推知，埃文斯很努力且有爱心;根据第三段中的"he had an idea. He culd use a small slar(太阳能的）light"可知，埃文斯很有创造力。故D项符合题意。
五、
18.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的"fight ff sickness"可定位到第一段中的"They have special chemicals(化学物质）that imprve yur ability t fight ff sickness",故选D。
19.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句"Yur eyes make tears t wash away the chemicals and prtect yur eyes"可知,C项"冲掉有刺激性的化学物质"符合题意。
20.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。本文共提到了三种帮助人们避免在切洋葱时流眼泪的方法，分别是：在自来水下切洋葱；切洋葱时用电扇朝洋葱吹风；切之前把洋葱在冰箱里放一个小时。故选B。
21.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。画线词后提到"S the tears will nt last lng"，再结合备选项可知，此处是说，你的身体会更加适应洋葱中的化学物质，故选C。
22.答案：A
解析：文章出处题。本文主要介绍了洋葱的好处以及如何避免在切洋葱时流眼泪，故我们很可能会在杂志的"生活与健康"部分读到这篇文章，故选A。
六、
23.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第1段On April 26,mre than 300,000 runners tk part in 26 marathn events natinwide, reprted China Daily.（据《中国日报》报道，4月26日，全国共有30多万人参加了26届马拉松项目。）可知4月26日，全国共有30多万人参加了26届马拉松项目，故选：C。
24.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第2段Fr Xu，the race meant mnths f training and preparatin. He ran abut 30 t 40 kilmeters each week ahead f the run. (对于徐来说，这场比赛意味着几个月的训练和准备。他在比赛前每周跑30到40公里。）可知徐比赛前每周跑30到40公里是为了比赛训练，故选：D。
25.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第2段"The 800-meter run at schl is mre abut speed while a marathn tests a runner's endurance and psychlgical quality (心理素质）," he said. When he felt tired during the race, he tld himself t fight n.(他说："在学校800米跑更多的是关于速度，而马拉松考验的是跑步者的耐力和心理素质。"。当他在比赛中感到疲劳时，他告诉自己要继续战斗。）可知马拉松考验的是跑步者的耐力，endurance意为耐力，故选：C。
26.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第3段The supprt frm the peple cheering alng the curse(跑道）really encuraged her.(沿途欢呼的人们的支持真的鼓舞了她。）可知是人们的支持鼓励她继续跑步，故选：A。
27.答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文大意，主要介绍了中国马拉松参赛者的一些情况，他们所表现出的积极心态正是马拉松精神的意义所在，故选：A。