资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩12页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：【中考一轮】2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
第10讲 简单句及句子的种类(成分)-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固
展开
这是一份第10讲 简单句及句子的种类(成分)-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固，文件包含10简单句及句子的种类成分原卷版-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固docx、10简单句及句子的种类成分解析版-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
简单句及句子种类（成分）
第一部分 核心知识
一、简单句
【基础练习】
完成句子
1. 一些女孩子正在跳舞。
Sme girls _______________ _______________.
2. 吉姆的妈妈看起来很年轻。
Jim’s mum _______________ very _______________.
3. 李爷爷正在制作风筝。
Grandpa Lee is _______________ _______________.
4. 史密斯夫人给她儿子买了一双鞋。
Mrs Smith _______________ _______________ _______________ a pair f shes.
二、疑问句的四种类型
【注意】反意疑问句的几个特殊点
1. 如果陈述部分含有否定词 n、little、nne、nbdy、nthing、few等时,其附加疑问部分用肯定形式。
2. 当陈述部分的主语是 everyne、everybdy、smene、smebdy等不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语往往用they。
3. there be 结构的附加疑问部分用be there或 be nt there的相应形式。
【提示】
在反意疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语要用代词。例如: Lucy and Lily are frm America, aren’t they? (不能说 aren’t Lucy and Lily)
【基础练习】
按要求改写句子
1. Tw girls are practicing yga ver there. (改为一般疑问句)
_______________ _______________ _______________ practicing yga ver there?
2. Mark can speak English. (改为一般疑问句)
_______________ _______________ _______________ English?
3. The sweater is 120 yuan. (对画线部分提问)
_______________ _______________ is the sweater?
4. Can Jane sing?(用dance改为选择疑问句)
Can Jane _______________ _______________ _______________?
5. There’s little juice in the fridge, _______________ _______________?(完成反意疑问句)
6. He has tw basketballs, _______________ _______________?(完成反意疑问句)
三、感叹句的结构
【基础练习】
完成句子
1. 多么诚实的男孩啊!
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________/_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ he is!
2. 多么友好的人啊!
_______________ _______________ _______________ they are!
3. 这棵树多么高啊!
_______________ _______________ the tree is!
四、祈使句
1. 肯定形式的祈使句
2. 否定形式的祈使句
【知识拓展】
(1)祈使句之后的附加疑问部分常用“will yu?”。
Dn’t run in the hallways,will yu?
(2)以Let’s 开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分常用“shall we?”。
Let’s play sccer after schl,shall we?
(3)有些祈使句可用n开头,用来表示禁止(做某事)。
N phts! 禁止拍照!
N smking!禁止吸烟!
【基础练习】
完成句子
1. 请打开你的书。
_______________ yur bk, please.
2. 耐心点。
_______________ _______________.
3. 让学生多做物理实验吧。这能培养他们学习物理的兴趣。
_______________ students _______________ mre physical experiments. It can frm their interest in learning physics.
4. 不要担心他。
_______________ _______________ wrried abut him.
5. 不要打开电视。
_______________ _______________ n the TV.
五、句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。现简单回顾如下：
1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American cuntry music has becme mre and mre ppular.（名词）
We ften speak English in class.（代词）
One-third f the students in this class are girls.（数词）
T swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smking des harm t the health.（动名词）
The rich shuld help the pr.（名词化的形容词）
When we are ging t have an English test has nt been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary t master a freign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every mrning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught a bad cld. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
3.表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, becme, get, lk, grw, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher f English is an American.（名词）
Is it yurs?（代词）
The weather has turned cld.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty ne?（数词）
His jb is t teach English.（不定式）
His hbby（爱好）is playing ftball.（动名词）
The machine must be ut f rder.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is ver.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abrad.（表语从句）
4.宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went t see an exhibitin（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.（代词）
Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended nt t see me.（不定式短语）
I enjy listening t ppular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit fr his ffice.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me yur dictinary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their mnitr.
5.宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dngming.（名词）
They painted their bat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the rm.（现在分词）
We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.（介词短语）
We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.（从句）
6.定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.（分词）
There are thirty wmen teachers is ur schl.（名词）
His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.（动名词）
He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.（介词短语）
7.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels mst quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city fr ten years.（介词短语）
He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.（不定式短语）
He is in the rm making a mdel plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
Hw abut meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.（原因状语）
I shall g there if it desn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives n the third flr.（地点状语）
She put the eggs int the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictinary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.（目的状语）
He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She wrks very hard thugh she is ld.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
8.同位语：当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
Mr. Smith, ur new teacher, is very kind t us.（Mr. Smith是主语ur new teacher的同位语,指同一人）
Yesterday I met Tm, a friend f my brther's.（a friend f my brther's是宾语Tm的同位语，指同一人）
【真题演练】
单项选择
1. (2022·铜仁中考)—Maria, we will graduate in a week.
—______! We shuld keep in tuch.
A. Hw time flyB. What time fly
C. Hw time fliesD. What time flies
2. (2023·株洲中考) ______beautiful day!Let’s take a walk by the lake.
A. What B. What aC. Hw
3. (2023·绥化中考)—Our schl vlleyball team wn the first prize last Friday.
—Ww,______ great news!
A. what an B. what C. what a
4. (2023·广西中考)—Cindy,d yu knw Wan Buyan?
—______. He received the title “Rle Mdel f the Times” in May, 2023.
A. Yes, there is B. Yes, he will C. Yes, I d
5. (2022·遂宁中考)—Sam, ______run in the hallways. It’s very dangerus.
—Srry, Ms Black.
A. dB. dn’tC. ntD. desn’t
6. (2023·绥化中考)—Attentin, please! ______inside because f the heavy rain.
—We will,Mr Li.
A. T stayB. StayC. Staying
【核心提示】
一、“结构”法判断简单句
一个简单句只有一个“主谓结构”,常见的主语和谓语的结构有:
1. 一个主语+一个谓语
2. 两个或多个并列的主语+一个谓语
3. 一个主语+两个或多个并列的谓语
二、“四步”完成对画线部分提问
第一步:用特殊疑问词代替画线部分。疑问词有what、when、hw、where、wh、which、whse等。
第二步:把原句变成一般疑问句(画线部分是主语或主语的定语除外)。
第三步:特殊疑问词加上一般疑问句,画线部分省略。
第四步:归纳分析,写出正确答案。
三、陈述句变为感叹句的方法——“一断二加三换位”
1. “一断”,即在谓语后边断开,使句子分为两部分。
①She is∥a beautiful girl.
②He wrks ∥hard.
2. “二加”,即如果第二部分为副词、形容词,就加上hw;如果是一个名词(词组),就加上what。
①She is∥(what) a beautiful girl.
②He wrks∥(hw)hard.
3. “三换位”,即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置,同时把句点换为感叹号。
①What a beautiful girl she is!
②Hw hard he wrks!
综合练习
一、单项选择
1. ---- _______ is the skirt? ----It’s eighteen yuan.
A. HwB. Hw much
C. Hw ldD. Hw many
2. ---________ are these bananas?---3.99 yuan.
A. Hw manyB. Hw lngC. Hw muchD. Hw far
3. Here ___________ my family phts.
A. isB. areC. amD. be
4. –D yu have a car ?
-N, I .
A. dn’tB. desn’tC. am nt
5. –Where is her ball?
--_______.
A. It’s n the flr; n the bed
B. It’s in the flr, n the dresser
C. It’s n the flr; under the chair
D. It’s n the flr; in the drawer
6. — ________?
— It’s really big.
A. Where’s yur schlB. What’s in yur schlC. What’s yur schl like
7. — ________ d yu play baseball after schl, Jhn?
— Twice a week. I lve this game and practice hard every time.
A. Hw farB. Hw lngC. Hw ftenD. Hw much
8. Peter, I g t my guitar lessn. I lk after my aunt. She’s ill.
A. can’t；like tB. can’t；have tC. can；dn’t want tD. can；can
9. Oh, it sunds s nice. ________ beautiful sng it is!
A. HwB. Hw aC. WhatD. What a
10. ____________will they make fr the fd festival?
A. WhenB. WhatC. WhereD. Which
11. — _________ is yur dictinary?
— It’s n the table.
A. WhatB. WhereC. WhD. Hw
12. 一______.
一K-E-Y.
A. What's this in English?
B. Hw d yu spell it?
C. What clr is it?
D. Wh's that?
13. —____________?
—They are tables.
A. What are theyB. What’s this
C. Hw are yuD. Where are they
14. —When d yu eat lunch?
—________.
A. In the mrningB. Twelve 'clck
C. At twelveD. In twelve
15. —Wh is the by?
—He is ________.
A. my friendB. a studentC. 11D. frm Japan
16. Please ________. It’s time fr schl.
A. wake up himB. wake him upC. wakes him upD. wakes up him
17. —Dn’t ________ late fr class again. If yu ________ late next time, I’ll call yur parents.
—Srry, I wn’t d it next time.
A. be; areB. arrive; will beC. went; are
18. —________ schlbag is this?
—I guess it’s Lily’s.
A. WhatB. WhC. WhseD. Which
19. —______________ des yur brther lk like?
—He is tall with straight and black hair.
A. WhB. HwC. WhichD. What
20. —________?
—He lks tall and strng.
A. What is heB. What des he lk like
C. What des he likeD. Wh is he
21. Sandy， fr sme infrmatin abut the tpic. Then share it with us，please.
A. is searchingB. searches
C. searchD. will search
22. —________ des yur father g t wrk?
—He drives his car t wrk.
A. WhenB. WhereC. HwD. What
23. —________ my cat?
—It’s n the sfa.
A. What’sB. Hw’sC. Where’s
24. —Liangliang ges n a rpeway t schl. ________ des it take him t get t schl?
—Abut half an hur.
A. Hw snB. Hw lngC. Hw farD. Hw much
25. _____ heavy the rainstrm is!
A. HwB. WhatC. Hw aD. What a
26. Diana: ________ des yur brther attend vilin classes?
Peter: Three times a week.
A. Hw lngB. Hw muchC. Hw snD. Hw ften
27. —Des Mike have a baseball?
—________. But he has a baseball bat.
A. Yes, he desB. Yes, he dC. N, he desn’tD. N, he dn’t
28. — Have yu gt any chclate?
—__________.
A. Yes, we haven’t.B. N, we haven’t.
C. Yes, have.D. N, have nt.
29. ________ imprtant message he left fr me! It’s f much ______ t me.
A. What, valueB. What an, valueC. Hw, valuableD. Hw an, valuable
30. —________ d yu want t make friends with Jane?
— Because she’s nice and kind.
A. WhyB. WhatC. HwD. Where
31. Hw ____ are yu ?I’m twelve .
A. bigB. nice
C. gdD. ld
32. —Is that yur bk? —________.
A. That isn’tB. It isn’tC. Yes, it isD. N, it is
33. —________ d yu need t get t the bus stp by car?
—Abut fifteen minutes.
A. Hw muchB. Hw ldC. Hw farD. Hw lng
34. — ________ clr is the sweater?
— It’s purple.
A. HwB. WhatC. WhichD. Where
35. ______ interesting wrk it is t teach the children t swim!
A. Hw anB. WhatC. What anD. Hw
36. — ________ is that? —It’s an range.
A. WhatB. What clrC. Hw
37. “Jasn, ________ afraid f speaking in public. Just believe in yurself.”said Mum.
A. nt beB. nt t beC. be ntD. dn’t be
38. _________ yu live near _________ far away frm schl?
A. D, rB. Did, andC. Will, andD. Des, r
39. —Are yur parents sleeping?
—________. They're wrking.
A. N, they aren'tB. Yes, they areC. N, they dn'tD. Yes, they d
40. —________ teaches yu English?
—Miss Wei.
A. WhatB. WhereC. HwD. Wh
41. —Here are ballns（气球）. What clr are they?
—________. It’s my favrite clr.
A. They are rangesB. They are range
C. It’s rangeD. It’s an range
42. “What's his age？”This sentence means(意思是)______
A. “Hw is he？”B. “What's he？”
C. “Where is he？”D. “Hw ld is he？”
43. 一_________beautiful bluse she is wearing!
一But it desn’t lk gd against her skin.
A. WhatB. What aC. Hw
44. —________ club des she want t jin?
—The English club.
A. WhatB. WhereC. WhenD. Which
45. —_____ will the cncert begin?
—____ seven ’clck.
A. Hw lng, Nt untilB. Hw lng, Until
C. Hw sn, Nt untilD. Hw sn, Until
46. ---Dn’t frget t feed(喂) the bird any mre. ---_______.
A. Yes， I dB. N， I dn’t
C. Yes， I wn’tD. N， I wn’t
47. Please turn the TV dwn ________ yu will wake up the baby.
A. andB. sC. butD. r
48. —________d yu take a shwer, Tny?
—At 8：30 in the evening.
A. What timeB. Hw many
C. Hw lngD. Hw much
49. weather it is these days! One day is quite rainy, anther day is quite windy.
A. What gdB. What a gdC. What badD. What a bad
50. —Yur twn is mdern and beautiful. ________was it ________ in the past?
—It was small and dirty.
A. Hw; dingB. Hw; like
C. what; dingD. What; like
二、根据句子的意思选择适当的形式填空
51. — his parents （have）a ping-pang ball? （用动词的正确形式填空，并作出肯定回答）
—Yes, .
52. Usually children (nt like) vegetables.
53. Please (enjy) yur lunch.
54. Please (spell) it.
55. It’s raining heavily. Yu’d better (nt g) utside.
56. My mther (nt be) happy. She desn't feel well.
57. — Sctt (run) every day?
—Yes. Lk! He (run) ver there.
58. (lay) yur cat n the bed, please.
59. Please (spell) the wrd.
60. My sister (nt like) playing ftball.
61. Lk at the sign! “N (swim)”. Yu can't swim here.
62. My brther Tm (have) a very lvely dg.
63. yu ever (be) t a freign cuntry?
64. Think hard, and yu (find) a way ut.
65. he (have) eggs fr breakfast?
66. She (nt take) a bus t wrk every day.
67. （keep）walking with me, Jim.
68. Let’s (make) friends. We can g t schl tgether.
69. Excuse me, but the music (nt sund) nice t me. Culd yu turn it ff?
70. One f my friends (nt cme) frm Suzhu. He is frm Nanjing.
71. Why nt (brrw) sme bks frm the library?
72. Why nt (visitr) France this year?
73. They (nt play) cmputer games at hme.
74. peple (use) paper mney in the future?
75. Dn’t smke here. There is a sign “N (smke)” here.
76. yur brther (get) up at six every mrning?类 型
谓语动词举例或说明
例句分析
主语(S)+不及物动词(Vi)
sleep、walk、happen、cme、g、laugh等
They are walking.
S Vi
主语(S)+系动词(V)+表语(P)
be、becme、lk、get、feel、seem等
I feel very happy.
S V P
主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O)
及物动词后必须跟宾语,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语
She speaks English very well.
S Vt O
主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+间接宾语(IO)+直接宾语(DO)
give、pass、lend、send、shw、buy、make、find、draw、teach等
He teaches us English.
S Vt IO DO
主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O)+宾语补足语(OC)
make、call、find、have、ask、tell、keep、want、hear等
He fund the bk interesting.
S Vt O OC
类 型
问句结构
一般疑问句
以系动词be开头
以助动词开头
以情态动词开头
特殊疑问句
疑问代词(what、wh、whm、which、whse)引导
疑问副词(when、why、where、hw)引导
疑问短语(hw many、hw much、hw ften、hw lng、hw sn、hw ld、hw far、what time等)引导
选择疑问句
一般疑问句+r+另一个选择部分?
特殊疑问句+选择项+r+另一个选择项?
反意疑问句
肯定陈述句+一般疑问句的否定简略式?
否定陈述句+一般疑问句的肯定简略式?
类 别
结 构
举 例
以what
引导
What + a/an+adj. +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What a beautiful muntain it is!
What+adj. +可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!
What great inventins he has made!
What+adj. +不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
What bad weather it is!
以hw
引导
Hw+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
Hw clever a by he is!
Hw+adj. /adv. +主语+谓语!
Hw quickly Tm runs!
类型
结 构
举 例
D型
动词原形(+宾语)+其他
Sit dwn, please.
Be型
Be+表语(+其他)
Be quiet.
Let型
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Let me get it.
类型
结 构
举 例
D型
Dn’t+动词原形+宾语(+其他)
Dn’t pen the windw.
Be型
Dn’t+be+表语+其他
Dn’t be late fr class.
Let型
Dn’t +let+宾语+动词原形(+其他)
Dn’t let him g.
Let+宾语+nt+动词原形(+其他)
Let him nt g.
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
简单句及句子种类（成分）
第一部分 核心知识
一、简单句
【基础练习】
完成句子
1. 一些女孩子正在跳舞。
Sme girls _______________ _______________.
2. 吉姆的妈妈看起来很年轻。
Jim’s mum _______________ very _______________.
3. 李爷爷正在制作风筝。
Grandpa Lee is _______________ _______________.
4. 史密斯夫人给她儿子买了一双鞋。
Mrs Smith _______________ _______________ _______________ a pair f shes.
二、疑问句的四种类型
【注意】反意疑问句的几个特殊点
1. 如果陈述部分含有否定词 n、little、nne、nbdy、nthing、few等时,其附加疑问部分用肯定形式。
2. 当陈述部分的主语是 everyne、everybdy、smene、smebdy等不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语往往用they。
3. there be 结构的附加疑问部分用be there或 be nt there的相应形式。
【提示】
在反意疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语要用代词。例如: Lucy and Lily are frm America, aren’t they? (不能说 aren’t Lucy and Lily)
【基础练习】
按要求改写句子
1. Tw girls are practicing yga ver there. (改为一般疑问句)
_______________ _______________ _______________ practicing yga ver there?
2. Mark can speak English. (改为一般疑问句)
_______________ _______________ _______________ English?
3. The sweater is 120 yuan. (对画线部分提问)
_______________ _______________ is the sweater?
4. Can Jane sing?(用dance改为选择疑问句)
Can Jane _______________ _______________ _______________?
5. There’s little juice in the fridge, _______________ _______________?(完成反意疑问句)
6. He has tw basketballs, _______________ _______________?(完成反意疑问句)
三、感叹句的结构
【基础练习】
完成句子
1. 多么诚实的男孩啊!
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________/_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ he is!
2. 多么友好的人啊!
_______________ _______________ _______________ they are!
3. 这棵树多么高啊!
_______________ _______________ the tree is!
四、祈使句
1. 肯定形式的祈使句
2. 否定形式的祈使句
【知识拓展】
(1)祈使句之后的附加疑问部分常用“will yu?”。
Dn’t run in the hallways,will yu?
(2)以Let’s 开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分常用“shall we?”。
Let’s play sccer after schl,shall we?
(3)有些祈使句可用n开头,用来表示禁止(做某事)。
N phts! 禁止拍照!
N smking!禁止吸烟!
【基础练习】
完成句子
1. 请打开你的书。
_______________ yur bk, please.
2. 耐心点。
_______________ _______________.
3. 让学生多做物理实验吧。这能培养他们学习物理的兴趣。
_______________ students _______________ mre physical experiments. It can frm their interest in learning physics.
4. 不要担心他。
_______________ _______________ wrried abut him.
5. 不要打开电视。
_______________ _______________ n the TV.
五、句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。现简单回顾如下：
1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American cuntry music has becme mre and mre ppular.（名词）
We ften speak English in class.（代词）
One-third f the students in this class are girls.（数词）
T swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smking des harm t the health.（动名词）
The rich shuld help the pr.（名词化的形容词）
When we are ging t have an English test has nt been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary t master a freign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every mrning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught a bad cld. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
3.表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, becme, get, lk, grw, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher f English is an American.（名词）
Is it yurs?（代词）
The weather has turned cld.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty ne?（数词）
His jb is t teach English.（不定式）
His hbby（爱好）is playing ftball.（动名词）
The machine must be ut f rder.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is ver.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abrad.（表语从句）
4.宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went t see an exhibitin（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.（代词）
Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended nt t see me.（不定式短语）
I enjy listening t ppular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit fr his ffice.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me yur dictinary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their mnitr.
5.宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dngming.（名词）
They painted their bat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the rm.（现在分词）
We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.（介词短语）
We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.（从句）
6.定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.（分词）
There are thirty wmen teachers is ur schl.（名词）
His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.（动名词）
He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.（介词短语）
7.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels mst quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city fr ten years.（介词短语）
He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.（不定式短语）
He is in the rm making a mdel plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
Hw abut meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.（原因状语）
I shall g there if it desn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives n the third flr.（地点状语）
She put the eggs int the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictinary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.（目的状语）
He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She wrks very hard thugh she is ld.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
8.同位语：当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
Mr. Smith, ur new teacher, is very kind t us.（Mr. Smith是主语ur new teacher的同位语,指同一人）
Yesterday I met Tm, a friend f my brther's.（a friend f my brther's是宾语Tm的同位语，指同一人）
【真题演练】
单项选择
1. (2022·铜仁中考)—Maria, we will graduate in a week.
—______! We shuld keep in tuch.
A. Hw time flyB. What time fly
C. Hw time fliesD. What time flies
2. (2023·株洲中考) ______beautiful day!Let’s take a walk by the lake.
A. What B. What aC. Hw
3. (2023·绥化中考)—Our schl vlleyball team wn the first prize last Friday.
—Ww,______ great news!
A. what an B. what C. what a
4. (2023·广西中考)—Cindy,d yu knw Wan Buyan?
—______. He received the title “Rle Mdel f the Times” in May, 2023.
A. Yes, there is B. Yes, he will C. Yes, I d
5. (2022·遂宁中考)—Sam, ______run in the hallways. It’s very dangerus.
—Srry, Ms Black.
A. dB. dn’tC. ntD. desn’t
6. (2023·绥化中考)—Attentin, please! ______inside because f the heavy rain.
—We will,Mr Li.
A. T stayB. StayC. Staying
【核心提示】
一、“结构”法判断简单句
一个简单句只有一个“主谓结构”,常见的主语和谓语的结构有:
1. 一个主语+一个谓语
2. 两个或多个并列的主语+一个谓语
3. 一个主语+两个或多个并列的谓语
二、“四步”完成对画线部分提问
第一步:用特殊疑问词代替画线部分。疑问词有what、when、hw、where、wh、which、whse等。
第二步:把原句变成一般疑问句(画线部分是主语或主语的定语除外)。
第三步:特殊疑问词加上一般疑问句,画线部分省略。
第四步:归纳分析,写出正确答案。
三、陈述句变为感叹句的方法——“一断二加三换位”
1. “一断”,即在谓语后边断开,使句子分为两部分。
①She is∥a beautiful girl.
②He wrks ∥hard.
2. “二加”,即如果第二部分为副词、形容词,就加上hw;如果是一个名词(词组),就加上what。
①She is∥(what) a beautiful girl.
②He wrks∥(hw)hard.
3. “三换位”,即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置,同时把句点换为感叹号。
①What a beautiful girl she is!
②Hw hard he wrks!
综合练习
一、单项选择
1. ---- _______ is the skirt? ----It’s eighteen yuan.
A. HwB. Hw much
C. Hw ldD. Hw many
2. ---________ are these bananas?---3.99 yuan.
A. Hw manyB. Hw lngC. Hw muchD. Hw far
3. Here ___________ my family phts.
A. isB. areC. amD. be
4. –D yu have a car ?
-N, I .
A. dn’tB. desn’tC. am nt
5. –Where is her ball?
--_______.
A. It’s n the flr; n the bed
B. It’s in the flr, n the dresser
C. It’s n the flr; under the chair
D. It’s n the flr; in the drawer
6. — ________?
— It’s really big.
A. Where’s yur schlB. What’s in yur schlC. What’s yur schl like
7. — ________ d yu play baseball after schl, Jhn?
— Twice a week. I lve this game and practice hard every time.
A. Hw farB. Hw lngC. Hw ftenD. Hw much
8. Peter, I g t my guitar lessn. I lk after my aunt. She’s ill.
A. can’t；like tB. can’t；have tC. can；dn’t want tD. can；can
9. Oh, it sunds s nice. ________ beautiful sng it is!
A. HwB. Hw aC. WhatD. What a
10. ____________will they make fr the fd festival?
A. WhenB. WhatC. WhereD. Which
11. — _________ is yur dictinary?
— It’s n the table.
A. WhatB. WhereC. WhD. Hw
12. 一______.
一K-E-Y.
A. What's this in English?
B. Hw d yu spell it?
C. What clr is it?
D. Wh's that?
13. —____________?
—They are tables.
A. What are theyB. What’s this
C. Hw are yuD. Where are they
14. —When d yu eat lunch?
—________.
A. In the mrningB. Twelve 'clck
C. At twelveD. In twelve
15. —Wh is the by?
—He is ________.
A. my friendB. a studentC. 11D. frm Japan
16. Please ________. It’s time fr schl.
A. wake up himB. wake him upC. wakes him upD. wakes up him
17. —Dn’t ________ late fr class again. If yu ________ late next time, I’ll call yur parents.
—Srry, I wn’t d it next time.
A. be; areB. arrive; will beC. went; are
18. —________ schlbag is this?
—I guess it’s Lily’s.
A. WhatB. WhC. WhseD. Which
19. —______________ des yur brther lk like?
—He is tall with straight and black hair.
A. WhB. HwC. WhichD. What
20. —________?
—He lks tall and strng.
A. What is heB. What des he lk like
C. What des he likeD. Wh is he
21. Sandy， fr sme infrmatin abut the tpic. Then share it with us，please.
A. is searchingB. searches
C. searchD. will search
22. —________ des yur father g t wrk?
—He drives his car t wrk.
A. WhenB. WhereC. HwD. What
23. —________ my cat?
—It’s n the sfa.
A. What’sB. Hw’sC. Where’s
24. —Liangliang ges n a rpeway t schl. ________ des it take him t get t schl?
—Abut half an hur.
A. Hw snB. Hw lngC. Hw farD. Hw much
25. _____ heavy the rainstrm is!
A. HwB. WhatC. Hw aD. What a
26. Diana: ________ des yur brther attend vilin classes?
Peter: Three times a week.
A. Hw lngB. Hw muchC. Hw snD. Hw ften
27. —Des Mike have a baseball?
—________. But he has a baseball bat.
A. Yes, he desB. Yes, he dC. N, he desn’tD. N, he dn’t
28. — Have yu gt any chclate?
—__________.
A. Yes, we haven’t.B. N, we haven’t.
C. Yes, have.D. N, have nt.
29. ________ imprtant message he left fr me! It’s f much ______ t me.
A. What, valueB. What an, valueC. Hw, valuableD. Hw an, valuable
30. —________ d yu want t make friends with Jane?
— Because she’s nice and kind.
A. WhyB. WhatC. HwD. Where
31. Hw ____ are yu ?I’m twelve .
A. bigB. nice
C. gdD. ld
32. —Is that yur bk? —________.
A. That isn’tB. It isn’tC. Yes, it isD. N, it is
33. —________ d yu need t get t the bus stp by car?
—Abut fifteen minutes.
A. Hw muchB. Hw ldC. Hw farD. Hw lng
34. — ________ clr is the sweater?
— It’s purple.
A. HwB. WhatC. WhichD. Where
35. ______ interesting wrk it is t teach the children t swim!
A. Hw anB. WhatC. What anD. Hw
36. — ________ is that? —It’s an range.
A. WhatB. What clrC. Hw
37. “Jasn, ________ afraid f speaking in public. Just believe in yurself.”said Mum.
A. nt beB. nt t beC. be ntD. dn’t be
38. _________ yu live near _________ far away frm schl?
A. D, rB. Did, andC. Will, andD. Des, r
39. —Are yur parents sleeping?
—________. They're wrking.
A. N, they aren'tB. Yes, they areC. N, they dn'tD. Yes, they d
40. —________ teaches yu English?
—Miss Wei.
A. WhatB. WhereC. HwD. Wh
41. —Here are ballns（气球）. What clr are they?
—________. It’s my favrite clr.
A. They are rangesB. They are range
C. It’s rangeD. It’s an range
42. “What's his age？”This sentence means(意思是)______
A. “Hw is he？”B. “What's he？”
C. “Where is he？”D. “Hw ld is he？”
43. 一_________beautiful bluse she is wearing!
一But it desn’t lk gd against her skin.
A. WhatB. What aC. Hw
44. —________ club des she want t jin?
—The English club.
A. WhatB. WhereC. WhenD. Which
45. —_____ will the cncert begin?
—____ seven ’clck.
A. Hw lng, Nt untilB. Hw lng, Until
C. Hw sn, Nt untilD. Hw sn, Until
46. ---Dn’t frget t feed(喂) the bird any mre. ---_______.
A. Yes， I dB. N， I dn’t
C. Yes， I wn’tD. N， I wn’t
47. Please turn the TV dwn ________ yu will wake up the baby.
A. andB. sC. butD. r
48. —________d yu take a shwer, Tny?
—At 8：30 in the evening.
A. What timeB. Hw many
C. Hw lngD. Hw much
49. weather it is these days! One day is quite rainy, anther day is quite windy.
A. What gdB. What a gdC. What badD. What a bad
50. —Yur twn is mdern and beautiful. ________was it ________ in the past?
—It was small and dirty.
A. Hw; dingB. Hw; like
C. what; dingD. What; like
二、根据句子的意思选择适当的形式填空
51. — his parents （have）a ping-pang ball? （用动词的正确形式填空，并作出肯定回答）
—Yes, .
52. Usually children (nt like) vegetables.
53. Please (enjy) yur lunch.
54. Please (spell) it.
55. It’s raining heavily. Yu’d better (nt g) utside.
56. My mther (nt be) happy. She desn't feel well.
57. — Sctt (run) every day?
—Yes. Lk! He (run) ver there.
58. (lay) yur cat n the bed, please.
59. Please (spell) the wrd.
60. My sister (nt like) playing ftball.
61. Lk at the sign! “N (swim)”. Yu can't swim here.
62. My brther Tm (have) a very lvely dg.
63. yu ever (be) t a freign cuntry?
64. Think hard, and yu (find) a way ut.
65. he (have) eggs fr breakfast?
66. She (nt take) a bus t wrk every day.
67. （keep）walking with me, Jim.
68. Let’s (make) friends. We can g t schl tgether.
69. Excuse me, but the music (nt sund) nice t me. Culd yu turn it ff?
70. One f my friends (nt cme) frm Suzhu. He is frm Nanjing.
71. Why nt (brrw) sme bks frm the library?
72. Why nt (visitr) France this year?
73. They (nt play) cmputer games at hme.
74. peple (use) paper mney in the future?
75. Dn’t smke here. There is a sign “N (smke)” here.
76. yur brther (get) up at six every mrning?类 型
谓语动词举例或说明
例句分析
主语(S)+不及物动词(Vi)
sleep、walk、happen、cme、g、laugh等
They are walking.
S Vi
主语(S)+系动词(V)+表语(P)
be、becme、lk、get、feel、seem等
I feel very happy.
S V P
主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O)
及物动词后必须跟宾语,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语
She speaks English very well.
S Vt O
主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+间接宾语(IO)+直接宾语(DO)
give、pass、lend、send、shw、buy、make、find、draw、teach等
He teaches us English.
S Vt IO DO
主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O)+宾语补足语(OC)
make、call、find、have、ask、tell、keep、want、hear等
He fund the bk interesting.
S Vt O OC
类 型
问句结构
一般疑问句
以系动词be开头
以助动词开头
以情态动词开头
特殊疑问句
疑问代词(what、wh、whm、which、whse)引导
疑问副词(when、why、where、hw)引导
疑问短语(hw many、hw much、hw ften、hw lng、hw sn、hw ld、hw far、what time等)引导
选择疑问句
一般疑问句+r+另一个选择部分?
特殊疑问句+选择项+r+另一个选择项?
反意疑问句
肯定陈述句+一般疑问句的否定简略式?
否定陈述句+一般疑问句的肯定简略式?
类 别
结 构
举 例
以what
引导
What + a/an+adj. +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What a beautiful muntain it is!
What+adj. +可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!
What great inventins he has made!
What+adj. +不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
What bad weather it is!
以hw
引导
Hw+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
Hw clever a by he is!
Hw+adj. /adv. +主语+谓语!
Hw quickly Tm runs!
类型
结 构
举 例
D型
动词原形(+宾语)+其他
Sit dwn, please.
Be型
Be+表语(+其他)
Be quiet.
Let型
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Let me get it.
类型
结 构
举 例
D型
Dn’t+动词原形+宾语(+其他)
Dn’t pen the windw.
Be型
Dn’t+be+表语+其他
Dn’t be late fr class.
Let型
Dn’t +let+宾语+动词原形(+其他)
Dn’t let him g.
Let+宾语+nt+动词原形(+其他)
Let him nt g.
相关试卷
第14讲 长难句-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固： 这是一份第14讲 长难句-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固，文件包含14长难句原卷版docx、14长难句解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
第09讲 动词的语态-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固： 这是一份第09讲 动词的语态-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固，文件包含09动词的语态原卷版-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固docx、09动词的语态解析版-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
第08讲 动词的时态-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固： 这是一份第08讲 动词的时态-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固，文件包含08动词的时态原卷版-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固docx、08动词的时态解析版-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共45页， 欢迎下载使用。
