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这是一份最新高考英语考点一遍过(讲义) 考点53 语法填空,共41页。学案主要包含了考点解读,考点统计,解题技巧,易混易错,文章大意等内容,欢迎下载使用。
要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型,以及每单元的综合训练,认真对其辨析、总结和归纳,查漏补缺,坚持积累,最重要的是能够在合适的语境中正确、灵活地运用。保证课堂高效。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏
一轮复习是将重点知识提炼,容量大,速度快。所以,学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路,要快速地用脑思,用心听、用嘴说,用手写,才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识
学案都是在规定的时间内完成,重视规范的做题步骤,重视思考过程。更重要的是,做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。大量的、甚至可能是枯燥的训练是做题速度和准确度的保证。希望老师要保证所有同学从每套题中都获得最大收获。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩
得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习中,重视基础知识的同时,要坚持阅读训练,促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间,重效果,扎实做好每个复习环节
一轮复习时间紧,任务重,需要同学们充分抢抓时间,利用时间,紧跟复习进度。同时,重视复习效果,做到做一件事,有一点收获。英语成绩的进步并非一蹴而就,需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。只要做到这一点,成功只是早晚的事!
考点53 语法填空
高考频度:★★★★★
【考点解读】
在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。
【考点统计】
2016—2018年高考新课标全国卷语法填空考点统计
作为高考新题型的语法填空试题,近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点:文章以记叙文和说明文为主,文章长度控制在190~220词,10道题中,有6~7个试题给出提示词,要求考生;考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分,词法部分包括:1)词类的转换,结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化;2)介词的固定搭配,名词的复数形式及运用;语法部分包括:时态和语态的综合运用,非谓语动词,各种从句等。
从近年课标卷的语法填空试题看,给出提示词的考点主要包括:词类的转换(名词与动词的转换,形容词与副词的转换);形容词比较级与最高级的变化;名词单复数的变化;动词的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟语气、谓语动词与非谓语动词的变化等。给出提示词考点多为实词,所填写的词汇根据语境和短文或对话内容可以是1~3个单词。挖空分布均匀,考点的安排注重多样化。不给提示词的考点主要包括:连词(并列连词和从属连词)、介词(动词与介词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、代词和冠词等。
【解题技巧】
第一部分 有提示词题目的解题技巧
有提示词题目是指"使用括号中词语的正确形式填空"这类题,近年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。
专题一 谓语动词
【考点】
【解题技巧】
当句子缺少谓语动词时, 括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时,要根据语境确定用哪种时态,根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。具体解题技巧如下:
第一步:确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语,如缺谓语动词,则填谓语动词。
第二步:若为谓语动词,就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系,以确定用主动语态还是被动语态,同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。
第三步:要注意主谓一致。
1.He ______(pretend) that a tiger ty was real and giving it a vice.
【解析】在主语He后, pretend显然是谓语动词;giving it(the tiger)a vice的主语应当是He, 因此, and giving与谓语动词是并列关系;由此推断,谓语动词应是过去进行时,故填was pretending。
【答案】was pretending
2.One day, Nick invited his friends t supper. He was cking sme delicius fd in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ________ (find) that he had run ut f salt.
【解析】在主语he后,find显然为谓语动词;由前面句意可知,此处为一般过去时,故填fund。
【答案】fund
3. I was n my way t the Taiyets Muntains. The sun was setting when my car ________(break) dwn near a remte village.
【答案】brke
专题二 非谓语动词
【考点】
【解题技巧】
当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是非谓语动词。
此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语,就用动名词 (表一般意义)或不定式形式(表具体意义);作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用不定式;作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词;有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/ ntice sb.d/ding sth., sth.等。具体解题技巧如下:
第一步:若句中已有谓语,也不是作并列谓语时,应为非谓语动词。
第二步:根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求,或某些词语的特殊要求,确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式,作主语或宾语用ing形式或不定式,在enjy, finish等动词后作宾语用ing形式,在decide, refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。
第三步:确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。
第四步:根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。
1.I nticed a man ________ (sit) at the frnt.
【答案】sitting
2."In the beginning, there was nly a very small amunt f unfairness in the wrld, but everyne added a little, always________(think) that it was nly small and nt very imprtant, and lk where we have ended up tday."
【解析】此句已有谓语added,并且没有并列连词,又因为everyne与think为主动关系,故用thinking作added的伴随状语。
【答案】thinking
3.While she was getting me ________(settle) int a tiny but clean rm, the head f the village was tying up his hrse t my car...
【解析】由settle sb. int...(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知,me与settle是被动关系,要用过去分词作宾补,故填settled,构成"get+宾语+过去分词"结构。句中getting me settled int...的意思是"安排我住进……"。
【答案】settled
专题三 形容词和副词的比较级或最高级
【考点】
形容词作定语,形容词和副词的比较等级或最高级,词义比较等。
【解题技巧】
当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级);若需要用与该词意义相反的词逻辑才通顺的,就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。注意:要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级。具体解题技巧如下:
第一步:分析结构,确定所给词在句子中作定语还是状语。
第二步:根据结构、语境或句子意义确定是填比较级还是最高级。
1.The water was simply the cntainer fr an act f kindness and lve. Nthing culd be ________(sweet).
【解析】用nthing 与an act f kindness and lve 相对比,这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级。
【答案】sweeter
2. If he thught he culd escape attentin by sitting at the back, he was wrng. It might have made it a little______ (hard) fr everybdy because it meant they had t turn arund, but that didn’t stp the kids in the class.
【答案】harder
3.He was very tired after ding this fr a whle day, but he felt very happy since the crp did "grw" ________(high).
【解析】此处grw表示becme,为系动词,系动词后应用形容词作表语,而high本身就是形容词,无需作词类转换;由语境可知,比拔苗前"更高了",故用high的比较级higher。
【答案】higher
专题四 词类转换
【考点】词类转换多以派生词变化为主:
【解题技巧】
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题:
(1)作主语或宾语用名词形式;(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式;(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,作状语,用副词形式。具体解题技巧如下:
第一步:分析结构,确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语,一般要用形容词;修饰动词、形容词或副词,或修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词;作主语或宾语用名词,或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后,用名词。
第二步:根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。
注意:
1. 有时不但要注意词性转换,而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀, 其逻辑意义才通顺;
2. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时, 无需改变词性, 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了。
1.Fr sme reasn he sat beside Mary. Mary felt__________(please), because there were many empty seats in the rm.
【解析】felt为连系动词,后面要接形容词或分词作其表语,因此变成形容词性分词pleased。
【答案】pleased
2. Jane knew frm past experience that her________(chse) f ties hardly ever pleased her father.
【答案】chice
3. He failed his maths examinatin because f his________(care) wrk.
【解析】在名词前作定语, 要用形容词; 由failed...可知, 要填表示否定意义的careless(粗心大意的), 意义才通顺。
【答案】careless
4.In Alaska, the wlf almst ________(appear) a few years ag, because hunters were killing hundreds f them fr sprt.
【答案】disappear
第二部分 无提示词题目的解题技巧
无提示词题目指的是"在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)"这类题,五年来,这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。那么什么情况下填代词?何时填冠词?何时填关联词? 何时填介词呢?
专题一 代词
【考点】不定代词、指示代词和替代词的用法,it 的用法和人称代词的主格和宾格。
【解题技巧】
当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词:人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的,所以只要句子缺主语或宾语,就填代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。除人称代词外,也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it,替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下:
第一步:分析句子结构。若句子缺主语,则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it;若动词或介词后面缺宾语,则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人,应用反身代词。
第二步:理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法,以及句子所需的意义,填入合适的代词。
1.Behind him were ther peple t whm he was trying t talk, but after sme minutes ________ walked away and sat near me, lking annyed.
【答案】they
2. I rse frm my seat I sat next t the man and intrduced myself. We had an amazing cnversatin. He gt ff the bus befre me and I felt very happy the rest f the way hme. I’m glad I made a chice. It made ______ f us feel gd.
【解析】此处作made的宾语,用代词,由上文"We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing cnversatin"可知,指作者和那个智障人,故填bth。
【答案】bth
3."D yu need thse glasses fr medical reasns?" he tk________ ff, gave a big smile and said,
"That is cl."
【解析】空格处于动词tk和介词ff之间,该处缺宾语,指代前面的glasses。
【答案】them
专题二 限定词
【考点】冠词、形容词性物主代词或作定语用的不定代词:
【解题技巧】
在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或"形容词+名词"前,一般要用限定词。
限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词,或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时,要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义,由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指,大体相当于"这、这些、那、那些"时用the;表示"一(个、本、座……)"时用不定冠词a或an;表示"某人的",用物主代词;表示"一些"用sme,表示"另一个"用anther,表示"其他的"用ther等。解题技巧如下:
第一步:分析句子结构。若空格后的名词或者"形容词+名词"前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、冠词等限定词时,很可能是填限定词。
第二步:理解句子意思。根据所需意义选择恰当的限定语,如需"一(个、座、次……)"填不定冠词,需
"某人的"填物主代词,需"其它的"填ther。
1. I sat next t the man and intrduced myself. We had_________ amazing cnversatin.
【答案】an
2. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was prbably the fact that she sat in ________ last rw.
【解析】last rw为"形容词+名词"前没有限定词,根据结构应该填限定词,the last...为固定搭配。
【答案】the
3. The head f the village was tying up his hrse t my car t pull it t ________small twn sme 20 kilmetres away where there was a garage.
【答案】a
专题三 介词
【考点】
【解题技巧】
当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语,也不是作动词的宾语时,填介词。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是作主语或宾语,既然不作主语和动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语了,所以要填介词。具体填什么介词,由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配来决定。具体解题技巧如下:
第一步:若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句,且他们不是作主语或作动词的宾语时,很可能就是填介词。
第二步:根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介词。
1. I didn’t want t be laughed at fr talking t him but I didn’t like leaving him ________his wn either.
【解析】his wn在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语,空格处应填介词;n ne’s wn(=alne)是固定搭配,所以填n。
【答案】n
2. The new by lked at the teacher _______ a few secnds and all the ther students wndered what the by wuld d.
【答案】fr
3. The nly reasn a man wuld sell sale________ a lwer price wuld be because he wait desperate fr mney.
【解析】名词a lw price 在句中不作主语,也不作动词的宾语,应为介词的宾语,根据习惯搭配可知,用介词at。
【答案】at
专题四 关联词
【考点】
【解题技巧】
当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子),且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,填关联词;若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(and/but/s/r);从属句间常依据句子的属性是名词性从句、形容词性从句还是副词性从句来确定其关联词。具体解题技巧如下:
第一步:分析结构,若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连接词,空格必填连接词(此处的连接词包括并列连词,如:and, but, r, while, s, fr等;引导状语从句的从属连词;引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词;引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词和连词that, if, whether)。
第二步:根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或根据句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。
第三步:若是主从复合句,要根据从句的特点,结合连词的意义和作用,确定填具体的某个连接词。
1. Behind him were ther peple t ________ he was trying t talk,...
【答案】whm
2. _______ he thught he culd escape attentin by sitting at the back, he was wrng.
【解析】该处为两个简单句,应填关联词,根据句意可知为让步关系。
【答案】Thugh/ Althugh
3.The new by lked at the teacher fr a few secnds and all the ther students wndered _________ the by wuld d.
【解析】空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词;该处缺宾语,what引导宾语从句。
【答案】what
专题五 情态动词和助动词
【考点】
【解题技巧】
1.若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词,或强调谓语的d, des, did, 或构成部分倒装的助动词d,des,did等;
2.还要注意有可能是部分倒装,填助动词have,has,had与主语后的过去分词以构成完成时;
3.填it或that,以构成it is/ 这个强调句型。
1. Listen t these wrds frm Darwin P.Kingsley: "Yu have pwers yu never dreamed f. Yu can d things yu never thught yu ________d. There are n limitatins in what yu can d except the limitatins f yur wn mind."
【答案】culd
2. I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I________ happen t have a new blanket, and asked him if he culd use it. He was thrilled.
【解析】因谓语动词happen是原形,而前后语境的谓语动词都是过去式,时态不一致,所以此处应填情态动词或助动词;由句意"我解释说, 虽然我没有带现金, 但我的确恰好有一张新毯子", 故填助动词did,对谓语动词进行强调。
【答案】did
第三部分 特殊句式及固定搭配
专题一 特殊句式
考点一 倒装句
1.在英语中,把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句,称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种:
①在there引导的句子中,谓语是be, exist, live, lie等表示状态的动词时,用完全倒装句。
②地点状语位于句首,主语为名词且谓语为不及物动词时,用完全倒装句。
③作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时,用完全倒装句。
④表示地点和动作转移的副词,如:here, there, up, dwn, in, away, ut等置于句首且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。
注意:当主语是代词时,不倒装。如:
☛Here cmes the bus./Here it cmes.
2.在英语中,把助动词、情态动词或be动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。常见的部分倒装句有以下几种:
①当s/neither/nr位于句首时,可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前,构成部分倒装。
②"nly+状语/状语从句"位于句首时,主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。
③表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或介词短语主要有nt, little, hardly, never, by n means, n n cnditin, in n case, nwhere, seldm, nr等。
④在含有had/were/shuld的虚拟条件句中,可以省略if,将 had/were/shuld放在主语之前,构成部分倒装。
⑤, n , nt als...等引导两个分句,且hardly, n sner, nt nly等提到句首时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变。
⑥在句式中,如果s引导的部分位于句首,主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。
⑦as/thugh引导的让步状语从句中,将表语置于句首构成部分倒装。
Only when he reached the tea-huse _______he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year.
【答案】did
考点二 强调句
强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh...。在这个句型中,it没有词汇意义,只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词,用wh或that来连接都可以。如果是其他成分,则一律用that来连接。被强调部分错综复杂,容易与其他从句混淆。区分的方法是把句中的It is/was和that/wh去掉,如果句子成立,且句意通顺,就是强调句型,否则就不是强调句型。如:It is Jane that/wh has been living in Lndn since she left China.去掉It is和that/wh,还原为Jane has been living in Lndn since she left China.作为句子完全成立,由此可以判断该句为强调句型。
使用强调句型的几个注意事项:
(1)被强调成分是主语,wh/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。
☛It is I wh am right. 对的是我。
☛ It is he wh is wrng.错的是他。
☛ It is the students wh are lvely.可爱的是学生们。
(2)被强调成分即使是在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等,也不能用when, where, because,而要用that。
☛It was after the war was ver that Einstein was able t cme back t his research wrk again.正是在战后爱因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。
☛It was in frnt f the bank that the lady was rbbed.那位女士是在银行前面遭遇抢劫的。
☛It was because f the heavy rain that he came late.他是因为下大雨来晚的。
(3)被强调成分是作主语的代词时用主格,是作宾语的代词时用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天是他帮助了我。
☛It was me that he helped yesterday. 他昨天帮助的是我。
(4)被强调部分既包括人又包括物,用that不用wh。
☛It was the things and peple that they remembered that they were talking abut.他们谈论的是他们记得的人和事。
【易混易错】
强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别
1.强调句型与主语从句的比较
强调句型将句子中的it is/was与that/wh同时省去,句子仍然成立;而包含主语从句的句子用that从句代替it,句子成立。如:
☛It was Li Lei’s brther that yu met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。
(本句若将It was 及that同时省去为:Yu met Li Lei’s brther in the street yesterday.句子同样成立,因此本句是强调句型。)
☛It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhu = 10 \* ROMAN X.我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真令人兴奋。(本句若将It is 及that同时省去为:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhu = 10 \* ROMAN X.显然句子错误,因此,本句不是强调句型,that引导主语从句,it是形式主语。)
2.强调句型与定语从句的比较
强调句型中的it没有实际意义,it is/was与that/wh去掉后句子结构仍然完整。但定语从句中的it be和作主语的that去掉后句子结构不完整。
3.强调句型与状语从句的比较
强调句型中的it is/was与that/wh同时省去,句子仍然成立;而包含状语从句的句子it是主语。如:
☛It was 8 ’clck when they went hme.他们回家时是8点。
(句中代词it作主语,指代时间,when引导时间状语从句)
☛It was at 8 ’clck that they went hme.他们是在8点回家的。
(本句是强调句型,at 8 ’clck是被强调部分)
It was nt until near the end f the letter _______ she mentined her wn plan.
【答案】that
考点三 祈使句
________(knck) at the dr befre yu enter my rm, please.
【解析】分析句子成分可知,空格前没有主语,后面有befre引导的时间状语从句,由此可判断,此处构成祈使句,所以填knck。
【答案】Knck
专题二 固定搭配
考点1 常见词组
as a matter f fact;be prud f; by the way;cme frm;accrding t;;;earn ne’s living;keep ne’s wrd; make up ne’s mind; be cncerned abut...;catch up with...; keep an eye n...;cncentrate n...等。
考点2 特殊固定用法
sth.; ding...;like ding...;need ding; feel like ding; get sth. dne; have sth. dne;have sb. ding/d sth.;enjy ding; succeed in ding等。
考点3 常用句型
It is...(fr sb./f sb.) t d sth.
There is n dubt/need that...
There is n sense in ding sth.
It’s ( high) time that sb. did/shuld d sth.
It is n gd/use ding sth.
nt als...
It is/was the first (secnd) time that sb. has dne/had dne sth.
It is n wnder that...
特殊句型结构及固定搭配在语法填空中主要考查对其掌握的熟悉程度,所以我们要善于积累,牢记固定搭配和特殊句型,答题时注意固定搭配的介词、名词、动词的形式和特殊句型的形式主语、连接词及相应时态的运用等。
代词it在特殊句型中非常活跃,所以考生需要特别注意包含it的常用句型:
1.用在动词 like, lve, dislike, hate, appreciate等后作宾语。如:
☛I hate it when peple talk with their muths full.我讨厌人们满嘴食物说话。
2.作形式主语或形式宾语
①用于"It is+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或that从句"中。如:
☛It is certain that he will succeed.他一定会成功。
②用于"It seems/appears/happens/ccurs t sb.+that 从句"中。如:
☛It ccurred t me that I shuld ask the plice fr help.我突然想起我应该向警方求助。
③用于"It lks as if/as thugh..."中。如:
☛It lks as if we’re ging t miss the plane.似乎我们要误了班机了。
④用于"It is+过去分词+that从句"中。如:
☛It is believed that he will be admitted t Beijing University.人们相信他将被北京大学录取。
⑤用于"think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或 that从句"中。如:
☛I make it a rule t walk tw miles a day.我通常每天步行两英里路。
⑥用于 take it fr granted that..., bring it t ne’s attentin that...,see t it that...等句型中。如:
☛We take it fr granted that water is free at restaurants.我们认为在餐馆里水免费饮用是理所当然的事情。
3.构成特定句型
①It is/has
☛It is almst ten years since he enjyed himself s much.将近有十年时间他没这么高兴过了。
②It was (nt)/will(nt)
☛It was nt lng befre he sensed the danger f the psitin.不久他就感受到此处的危险。
③It is sb.’s turn t d sth.
☛It’s my turn t lk after the baby.轮到我看孩子了。
1.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are nw cld enugh _______ (cl) the huse during the ht day;_______ the same time, they warm up again fr the night.
【答案】t cl; at
2. Keep________ (hld) yur psitin fr a while. It helps develp yur strength and flexibility.
【解析】根据语境可知,此处作动词keep的宾语,构成固定搭配,keep ding sth.意思是"继续做某事"因此填动词-ing形式。
【答案】hlding
3.It tk years f wrk ________(reduce) the industrial pllutin and clean the water.
【解析】It takes/tk (sb.)+...+t d sth.为固定句型,意思是"做某事花费(某人)多长时间"。所以此处填动词不定式。
【答案】t reduce
题组一(2018年高考真题)
Clze 1(2018·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 61 (lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise … it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 68 (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 70 a try.
Clze 2(2018·新课标I = 1 \* ROMAN I卷)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011,the cuntry ___61___(grw)mre crn than rice. Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
A taste fr meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality. Crn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pllute) in the cuntry's majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal ___67___ (glbe)fertilizer cnsumptin. The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___68___ (start) a sil-Clzeing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns. That prevented the emissin(排放) f 51.8 millin tns f carbn dixide. China's apprach t prtecting its envirnment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide." says the bank's Juergen Vegele.
Clze 3(2018·新课标III卷)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm nt sure _____61_____ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. I'm walking n a path in the frest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ____62____ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears. He screams the___63___(lud)f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a ___66___(science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.
When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find ____68____(they) alive. True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me n real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king f this frest, and here is yur reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
题组二(2017年高考真题)
Clze1(2017·新课标全国卷I)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry tward lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) 61 a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 62 (effect) such as verweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required 63 (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt 64 (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if is missing smething. As 65 result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even 66 (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd ___67___ (be) full f fat and salt; by 68 (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be 69 (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 70 is nt gd fr the health.
Clze2(2017·新课标全国卷II)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863the first undergrund passenger railway in the wrld pened in Lndn. It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible 61 (crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and 62 wrk. It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver 64 tp. When all thse had been dne, the rad surface was replaced.
Steam engines 65 (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair)unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25,000 peple were using 67 every day.
Later, engineers 68 (manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道), which became knwn t the tube. This develpment was nly pssible with the 69 (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts. The central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst 70 (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and prved extremely ppular with the public.
Clze3(2017·新课标全国卷III)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She lks like any ther schlgirl, fresh-faced and full f life. Sarah Thmas is lking frward t the challenge f her new A-level curse. But unlike her schl friends, 16-year-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 mdel in New Yrk.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel earning a millin dllars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her t give up schl t mdel full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants 65 (prve) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined t carry n with her 66 (educate).
She has turned dwn several 67 (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies. After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel full-time befre ging t university t get a degree 68 engineering r architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl 69 (cme) first. I dn’t want t get t absrbed in mdeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dn’t want t have nthing else t fall back n when I can’t mdel any mre."
Clze4(2017·浙江卷)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Octber, while tending her garden in Mra, Sweden, Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small 56 (carrt) and was abut t thrw them away. But smething made her lk clser, and she nticed a 57 (shine) bject. Yes, there beneath the leafy tp f ne tiny carrt was her lng-lst wedding ring.
Pahlssn screamed 58 ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse. "She thught I had hurt 59 (I),"says Pahlssn.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring 61 (ck) a meal. When she wanted t put the ring back n later, it was gne. She suspected that ne f her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlssn and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every crner, but turned up nthing. "I gave up hpe f finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt 63 (sweep) int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, 64 it remained until the carrt’s leafy tp accidentally spruted (生长) thrugh it. Fr Pahlssn, its return was 65 wnder.
题组三(2016年高考真题)
Clze1(2016·新课标全国卷I)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dzens f new millinaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new htels. But fr turists like me, pandas are its tp 61 (attract).
S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt-fr-prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research, I 62 (allw)t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. Frm tmrrw, I will be their UK ambassadr. The title will be 63 (fficial) given t me at a ceremny in Lndn. But my cnnectin with pandas ges back 64 my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reprter 66 (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild. My ambassadrial duties will include 67 (intrduce) British visitrs t the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and thers at a research in the misty muntains f Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-mnth-ld twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mther. The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister s that while ne is being bttle-fed, 70 ther is with mum-she never suspects.
Clze2(2016·新课标全国卷II)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形。
If yu feel stressed by respnsibilities at wrk, yu shuld take a step back and identify (识别)thse f 61 (great)and less imprtance. Then, handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu’ll feel a real sense f 62 (achieve). Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw 43 (be) ften acceptable.
Mst f us are mre fcused 64 ur tasks in the mrning than we are later in the day. S, get an early start and try t be as prductive 65 pssible befre lunch. This will give yu the cnfidence yu need t get yu thrugh the afternn and g hme feeling accmplished.
Recent 66 (study) shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks 67 (regular). Give yur bdy and brain a rest by stepping utside fr 68 while, exercising, r dng smething yu enjy.
If yu find smething yu lve ding utside f the ffice, yu’ll be less likely 69 (bring) yur wrk hme. It culd be anything-gardening, cking, music, sprts—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it’s a relief frm daily stress rather than anther thing t wrry abut.
Clze3(2016·新课标全国卷III)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much f Asia, especially the s-called "rice bwl" cultures f China, Japan, Krea, 61 Vietnam, fd is usually eaten with chpsticks.
Chpsticks are usually tw lng, thin pieces f wd r bamb. They can als be made f plastic, animal bne r metal. Smetimes chpsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chpsticks might 62 (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal 63 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chpsticks fr five thusand years. Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts, 64 (use) twigs(树枝)t remve it. Over time, 65 the ppulatin grew, peple began cutting fd int small pieces s it wuld ck mre quickly.
Fd in small pieces culd be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual) turned int chpsticks.
Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, 67 lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develp) f chpsticks. Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and 69 (be) t vilent fr use at the table.
Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia. In India, fr example, mst peple traditinally eat 70 their hands.
Clze4(2016·上海)
Stress: Gd r Bad?
Stress used t be an almst unknwn wrd, but nw that we are used t talking abut it, I have fund that peple are beginning t get stressed abut being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause f a whle range f medical prblems, frm high bld pressure t mental illness. But like s many ther things, it is nly t much stress(34)______ des yu harm. It is time yu cnsidered that if there were n stress in yur life, yu wuld achieve a little. If yu are stuck at hme with n stress, then yur level f perfrmance will be lw. Up t a certain pint, the mre stress yu are under, the (35)_____(gd) yur perfrmance will be. Beynd a certain pint, thugh, further stress will nly lead t exhaustin, illness and finally a breakdwn. Yu can tell when yu are ver the tp and n the dwnward slpe, by asking yurself (36)_______ number f questins. D yu, fr instance, feel that t much is being expected f (37)______, and yet find it impssible t say n? D yu find yurself getting impatient r(38) _____(anny) with peple ver unimprtant things?... If the answer t all thse questins is yes, yu had better(39)______(cntrl ) yur stress, as yu prbably are under mre stress than is gd fr yu.
T sme extent yu can cntrl the amunt f stress in yur life. Dctrs have wrked ut a chart shwing hw much stress is invlved in varius events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, mving huse 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the ttal stress in yur life is ver 150, yu are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.
题组四(名校模拟题)
Clze 1(四川省成都市第七中学2019届高三毕业班零诊模拟考试 )
Chantelle Brw n-Yung was nt brn with vitilig (白癜风), but it has made her famus. She is the first supermdel with the skin cnditin, 1 causes areas f skin t lse their clur.
Chantelle was brn in Trnt, Canada. At the age f fur she started t develp 2 (patch) f white skin and 3 (diagnse) with vitilig. N ne really knws why ne percent f peple 4 (have) this skin cnditin, and there is n real cure.
At schl, Chantelle was bullied fr being different. The ther kids ften called her a ‘cw’, because f 5 way her skin lked. She mved schl several times and finally left schl at 16. Frm nw n, she decided, she 6 (be) prud f her skin.
She gt dwn t 7 (pst) phts f herself n Facebk and sn was ‘sptted’ by a Canadian YuTube star, Shannn Bdram, wh asked her t be in a music vide. It was while she was ding that 8 her really ‘big break’ happened. Tyra Banks asked her t be n America’s Next Tp Mdel.
She didn’t w in, but she became famus. Her 9 (prfessin) name nw is Winnie Harlw , and she has nearly three millin fllwers n Instagram.
Little 10 little, she is changing peple’s ideas abut what beauty is.
Clze 2(安徽省江淮十校2019届高三第二次联考英语试题)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whether they' re playing n TV screens r pnnted in newspapers, adverts are everywhere.
Actually, it is quite nrmal fr the average persn 1 (live) in a city t see thusands f ads every single day. Hwever, ads are nt just a tl fr getting peple t buy things; they als serve 2 a windw int cultures, scieties and histry.
Mdern adverts began t appear in 3 18th and 19th centuries,since advances in printing techniques allwed mre detailed images 4 (prduce) in newspapers and magazines.
Lking at sme f these early ads 5 (be) like taking a step back in time t anther wrld. Fr example, an 1881 advert fr French cigarettes 6 (prmise) that its prduct wuld “give immediate relief" t a list f medical cnditins, including breathing prblems. And a 1955 US ad advised mthers t mix the sugary sft drink A 7 Up with 7 (they) baby's milk.
Nwadays, f curse, the harmful 8 (effect) f bth smking and sugary drinks have been well knwn. But althugh these adverts seem 9 (usual) t us nw, perhaps future generatins may cnsider sme f tday's ads t be just as strange. It is believed that advertising can ften be an indicatr fr 10 sciety cnsiders t be scially acceptable and desirable at the time.
Clze 3(山西省富平县富平中学2018届高三第五次检测)
While thusands f cllege students headed fr warm climate t enjy sun and fun during their week ff frm classes, seven lcal students had ther plans.
The Nrthern Essex Cmmunity Cllege (NECC) students and ne f their teachers spent part f their spring break in New Yrk City, helping repair an area 1 (destry) by the hurricane.
“I wanted t see fr myself what happened,” said Terry. “I culdn’t imagine 2 it is like t lse yur hme and everything that yu knw and the 3 (pwer) effect the hurricane had n thse peple. I wanted t d smething, t understand their feeling f helplessness.”
The grup headed int Brklyn’s Red Hk district, which was hit hard by the hurricane. There they met peple frm ther parts f the cuntry, 4 had als vlunteered t help. Tgether, thse vlunteers and the NECC students 5 (wrk) t clear rubbish ut f a three-stry building. They put n prtective suits and glves 6 they entered the building.
Inside the building, the students saw nthing but brken walls and drs and pieces f the building 7 (lie) all ver the place.
The students returned t schl with 8 sense f achievement, a feeling that 9 helped peple in need. I was remarkable hw a cmmunity lst s much and was still able t recver, and this left the deepest impressin 10 the students.
Clze 4(2017届安徽省淮北市第一中学高三四次模拟考试)
Once upn a time, there was a man 1 was very wealthy. He wanted t d smething fr the peple in his village. 2 that, he wanted t find ut whether, they deserved his help.
In the center f the main rad int the village, he placed 3 very large stne. Then he 4 (hide)behind a tree and waited. Sn an ld man came alng with his hrse.
“Wh put this stne in the center f the rad?” said the ld man, but he did nt try t remve the stne. Instead, with sme difficulty he passed arund the stne and cntinued n his way. 5 man came alng and did the same thing; then anther came, and anther. All f them cmplained abut the stne but nt tried t remve 6 .Late in the afternn a yung man came alng. He saw the stne, 7 (say)t himself, “The night 8 (be)very dark. Sme neighbrs will cme alng later in the dark and will fall against the stne.”
Then he began t mve the stne. He pushed and pulled with all his 9 (strng)t mve it. Hw great was his surprise at last! 10 the stne, he fund a bag f mney.
题组一
Clze 1
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61. lnger
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级,故填lnger。
62. t see
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填t see。
64.is
【解析】考查动词的时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时。故填is。
65.than
【解析】考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的mre effective可知此处填than。
66.that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
67.causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
70.it或running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为:试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
Clze 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可。
61. has grwn
【解析】考查时态。since加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grwn。
62. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
63. actually
【解析】考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
64. t imprve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encurages,故imprve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填t imprve。
65. than
【解析】考查连词。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知,填比较连词。故填than。
66. pllutin
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语,故填pllutin。
67. glbal
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填glbal。
69. that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代prgram并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
70. feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、,让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时,那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
Clze 3
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩,彼此惊恐的经历。
61. which/wh
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定哪一个更害怕,我,还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择,所以用which或者wh。
62. the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the tp f,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63. ludest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的f all可知,他声音最大,所以用最高级ludest。
64. lking
【解析】考查动词。动词avid后要加ding。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用lking。
65. challenged
【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词,表示“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged。
65. scientist
【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知,我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
67.fr
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search fr是固定搭配,表示“寻找”,表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
70. t stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语allw sb t d允许某人做某事,应该用t stay。
题组二
Clze 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分,人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的,但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分,自身的健康将会受到损害。
61. as 考查介词。句意:这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为,以……身份”,故填as。
62. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”,根据前文的sme可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多,故填effects。
63. t prcess 考查不定式。句意:他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”,require sb. t d sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,被动形式为“sb. be required t d sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填t prcess。
64. are remved 考查被动语态。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat,salt和mve之间是被动关系,脂肪和盐分是两种东西,且是被人们去掉,所以用被动语态。故填are remved。
65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
66. wrse 考查比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填wrse。
67. is 考查主谓一致。句意:快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast fd的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68. eating 考查动名词。句意:通过吃更多的快餐,人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词,所以填eating。
69. careful 考查形容词。句意:然而,注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语,故填careful。
70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is nt gd fr the health为非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的整句话。
Clze 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
66.fairly 考查副词,这里fair是形容词,pleasant也是形容词,所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词,故填fairly。
67.it考查代词,这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。
68.managed 考查动词,此处表示过去的情况,所以这里也应用一般过去时,故填managed。
69.intrductin考查词性转换,空格前是the,后面应该是名词,故填名词intrductin。
70.successful考查形容词,空格前是mst,其后要跟形容词构成最高级,故填successful。
Clze 3
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Sarah Thmas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择,她认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。
61. resting 考查非谓语动词。固定短语:spend time ding sth花费时间做某事。
62. a 考查冠词。mdel是可数名词,前面没有限定词,而此处泛指 "一个",故填a。
63. was tld / has been tld 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式,又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数,故填was tld / has been tld。
64. wh 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为Sarah,指人,要用wh。
65. t prve 考查非谓语动词。want t d sth.想要做某事。
66. educatin 考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。
67. invitatins 考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式,故填invitatins。
68. in 考查介词。in表示"在某方面",获得某项学位 "get a degree in…"。
69. cmes 考查动词。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一,说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
70. certainly 考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式,故填certainly。
Clze 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena Pahlssn在花园里拔胡萝卜时,找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的故事。
59. myself 【解析】考查代词。主语为I,横线处为宾语,根据语境可知这里指她以为"我"弄伤了自己。故填myself。
60. earlier 【解析】考查形容词。这里指早在十六年前,故填earlier。
61. t ck 【解析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不能出现双重谓语,所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填t ck。
62. searched 【解析】考查动词时态。根据"but turned up nthing"可知这里是叙述过去发生的事情,要用一般过去时,故填searched。
63. swept 【解析】考查动词。ring与sweep之间是被动关系,要用被动语态。故填swept。
64. where 【解析】考查连接词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,定语从句中缺少地点状语,先行词为the garden,表示地点,故填关系副词where。
65. a 【解析】考查冠词。wnder是可数名词的单数形式,且此处表示泛指,因此其前应加不定冠词a。故填a。
题组三
Clze 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。
61. attractin 考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客,熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词tp可知此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attractin,意为"吸引人之物"。
62. was allwed 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,主语I与动词allw之间存在被动关系,且前一句的
"was"表明此处应用一般过去时,故填was allwed。
63. fficially 考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词,所以填fficially。
64.t 考查介词。g back t是固定搭配,意为"追溯到"。
67. intrducing 考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语,所以此空填intrducing。
68. its 考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mther可知,此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。
69. days 考查名词。由few修饰可数名词复数可知,此空填days。 every few days是"每隔几天"的意思。
70.the 考查冠词。这里考查的是 ther...这一固定搭配,意为"一个……另一个……
Clze 2
【文章大意】本文属于说明,告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候,应该怎么做来合理释放压力。
61. greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的"and less imprtance"可知,此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰imprtance,故填greater。
62. achievement 考查词性转换。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。介词后接名词,a real sense f achievement意为"一种真实的成就感"。
63.is 考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,该句中的主语为动名词短语"Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw",故谓语动词为第三人称单数形式,且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填is。
64.n 考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于我们的工作。固定短语be fcused n 意为"集中于……"。故填n。
65.as 考查连词。因此,早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构as…as pssible意为"尽可能……"。
66.studies 考查名词复数。最新的研究表明,如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话,我们在工作中会变得高效得多。分析句子结构可知,谓语动词为shw,为复数形式,且study作"研究,调查"讲时为可数名词,故主语应为复数。故填studies。
67.regularly 考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词take,故填regularly"有规律地"。
68.a 考查冠词。固定短语fr a while意为"一会儿"。
69.t bring 考查非谓语动词。固定短语be likely t d sth.意为"可能做某事",故填t bring。
70.make 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中,whatever引导让步状语从句,其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。
Clze 3
【文章大意】本文介绍了筷子的材质与中国使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵。
63.t create 考查非谓语动词。熟练的工人也会把各种各样的硬木和金属组合起来以创作独特的设计。根据句意可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语。
64.using 考查非谓语动词。use与其逻辑主语Peple之间是主谓关系,故此处用现在分词作状语。
65.as/when 考查状语从句。随着人口的增长或当人口增长时,人们开始把食物切成小片。根据句意和句子结构可知,空处引导状语从句,表示"随着"或"当……时",故填as或when。
66.gradually 考查副词。应用副词修饰动词,故用 gradually。
67.wh 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Cnfucius,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填wh。
68.develpment 考查名词。根据空前的"the"及空后的"f"可知,此处应填名词develpment。
69.were 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的"believed"可知,此处描述的是过去的情况,应用一般过去时;从句主语为knives,谓语动词应用复数。故填were。
70.with 考查介词。此处指大部分人用手吃饭,故填with。
Clze 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作,但一旦压力过大,就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。
33. has been regarded 考查动词的时态和语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来,该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用,且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系,所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。
34. that 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/wh其它成分;其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/wh…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语nly t much stress。
35. better 考查固定句式。 "The+比较级, the+比较级"意为"越……就越……"。本句句意:你承受的压力越大,你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用gd的比较级形式better.
38. annyed 考查形容词。形容词annyed恼怒的,该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词,通常用来修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。
39. cntrl 考查固定搭配。动词短语had better d sth最好做某事;"had better"是情态动词,后面要接动词原形。
40. t get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely t d sth可能做某事;句意:如果你生活中的压力超过150,你就非常有可能生病了。
题组四
Clze 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,患白癜风的女孩Chantelle Brwn改变了人们对白癜风以及美好事物的理解。
1.which
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the skin cnditin,关系代词which指代先行词引导非限制性定语从句并在句中做主语。关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句的。
2.patches
【解析】考查名词。名词patch小块,补丁;本句中该词的复数形式做动词develp的宾语。句意:四岁的时候她开始长出一块又一块的白色皮肤并被诊断为白癜风。
3.was diagnsed
【解析】考查固定短语。短语be diagnsed with…被诊断为…;该短语在句中和started t…构成并列谓语。句意:四岁的时候她开始长出一块又一块的白色皮肤并被诊断为白癜风。
4.have
【解析】考查时态。本句是一个评价性的句子,所以要使用一般现在时。句意:没有人真正值得为什么有百分之一的人患上这种皮肤病。
5.the
【解析】考查冠词。定冠词the表示特指,不定冠词a/an表示泛指。本句中the way her skin lked特指她患上白癜风的皮肤看起来的样子。
7.psting
【解析】考查动名词。动词短语get dwn t开始认真做某事;其中的t是介词,后面要接动名词做宾语,所以本句使用动名词短语psting…做宾语。
8.that
【解析】考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/wh其它成分;其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/wh…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是时间状语while she was ding that。横线处使用that与it was构成强调句型。
9.prfessinal
【解析】考查形容词。形容词prfessinal职业的;专业的;该词在句中作定语修饰名词name。
10.by
【解析】考查固定短语。短语little by little逐渐地;逐渐地她慢慢改变了人们对美的理解。
Clze 2
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了广告不仅仅是一种让人们购买物品的工具,它也是文化、社会和历史的窗口。
1.living
【解析】考查现在分词。句意:事实上,生活在城市里的普通人每天看到成千上万的广告是很正常的。分析句子可知,persn与living在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词。故填 living 。
2.as
【解析】考查介词。句意:然而,广告不仅仅是一种让人们购买物品的工具,它也是文化、社会和历史的窗口。serve as “ 充当,起作用”为固定短语。故填 as。
3.the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:现代广告在18世纪和19世纪开始出现,因为印刷技术的进步允许在报纸和杂志上制作更详细的图片。世纪前加定冠词the。故填the 。
4.t be prduced
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:现代广告在18世纪和19世纪开始出现,因为印刷技术的进步允许在报纸和杂志上制作更详细的图片。分析句子可知,allw为谓语动词且涉及allw sb/sth t d sth “允许某人/某物做某事”的用法。 detailed images 与prduce在逻辑上是被动关系。所以用t be prduced 。 故填t be prduced 。
6.prmised
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:例如,1881年的一则法国香烟广告承诺其产品将“立即缓解包括呼吸问题在内的一系列疾病。分析句子可知,句子为一般过去时,主语为1881 advert fr French cigarettes,谓语为prmised。故填prmised 。
7.their
【解析】考查代词。句意:1955年美国的一则广告建议母亲们将含糖的软饮料和婴儿的牛奶混合起来。their为形容词性物主代词后接名词 baby's milk。故填 their 。
8.effects
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:当然,现在吸烟和含糖饮料的有害影响是众所周知的。effect为可数名词,根据句意,这里指的吸烟和含糖饮料的有害影响。所以用复数形式。故填effects 。
9.unusual
【解析】考查形容词。句意:但是,尽管这些广告在我们现在看来很不寻常。seem为半系动词后接形容词作表语,根据句意,所以填usual的反义词unusual。故填unusual 。
10.what
【解析】考查连接词。句意:人们认为,广告往往可以作为社会当时认为可以接受并且受欢迎的指示物。分析句子可知,fr后接宾语从句作宾语。宾语从句中,cnsider缺少宾语,根据句意,用what作cnsider的宾语。故填what。
Clze 3
【文章大意】文章介绍了几个大学生利用假期去帮助飓风破坏区域的人们的故事。
1.destryed
【解析】考查过去分词。根据句中by the hurricane和建议可知an area和动词destry是被动关系指这个地区被破坏,用过去分词表被动,故填destryed.
3.pwerful
【解析】考查形容词。此处修饰名词effect要用形容词,指“强大的影响”,故填pwerful.
4.wh
【解析】考查关系代词。此句是定语从句,先行词是peple指人,在定语从句中做主语用wh引导,故填wh.
5.wrked
【解析】考查时态。全文描写过去发生的事,动词用一般过去时,故填过去式wrked.
6.befre
【解析】考查连词。句意:他们进入建筑物之前穿上保护服和手套。根据动作先后填befre.
7.lying
【解析】考查动词。此处是see sb. ding sth.“见到某人或某事正在做……”,指动作正在发生,故填lying.
8.a
【解析】考查冠词。sense是可数名词,此处指“一种成就感”,故填a.
9.they
【解析】考查代词。此处指the students帮助需要帮助的人,故用代词they.
10.n
【解析】考查介词。此处指“给……留下深刻印象”用leave impressin n sb.,故填介词n.
Clze 4
【文章大意】文章介绍一个有钱人想帮助村民,他用一块大石头放在路中间,想看看人们值不值得他帮助。很多人路过,但是都没有挪开这块石头。最后一个年轻人将这块石头搬走,他惊讶地发现,石头下面是一袋钱。
1.wh或that
【解析】考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是a man,指人,定语从句中缺少主语,用关系代词wh/that引导。故填wh或that。
2.Befre
【解析】考查介词。句意:在那之前,他想看看是否他们值得他的帮助。故填Befre。
3.a
【解析】考查冠词。泛指“一个很大的石头”用不定冠词,而且large是辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
4.hid
【解析】考查动词的时态。这篇文章讲的是Once upn a time的事情,用一般过去时。故填hid。
7.saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语,he和say是主动关系,用现在分词作状语,故填saying。
8.will be
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据下文“Sme neighbrs will cme alng later in the dark and will fall against the stne.”可知,这句话也是一般将来时。故填will be。
9.strength
【解析】考查名词。all his后面接名词,strength作为“力量”的时候,是不可数名词。故填strength。
10.Under
【解析】考查介词。根据下文“he fund a bag f mney.”可知,在石头下面有一袋钱。故填Under。
年份
试卷类型
体裁
词数
话题
考点分布
2018年
新课标卷I
说明文
196
跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿
提示词7个
61.副词的级 62. 不定式63.动名词64.时态65.比较句型66.定语从句67.名词数68. 词形变化
69.词形变化。70.代词或名词
新课标卷II
说明文
208
中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可
提示词7个
61.时态62. 冠词63. 副词64. 非谓语动词65. 连词66. 词性转换67.词性转换68. 时态69. 定语从句70. 省略句
新课标卷III
记叙文
193
在中非偶遇大猩猩,彼此惊恐的经历
61.宾语从句62.冠词63.最高级
64. 动词65. 非谓语66. 名词
67. 动词短语68. 代词69. 时态
70. 非谓语
2017年
新课标卷I
说明文
223
低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响
61. 介词62. 名词的数63. 非谓语动词64. 谓语动词65. 冠词66. 比较级67. 主谓一致68. 非谓语动词69. 形容词70. 定语从句
新课标卷II
说明文
201
世界第一个地铁的形成和发展
61.名词的数62.介词63.非谓语动词64.冠词65.被动语态66.副词67.代词68. 时态69. 名词70. 形容词
新课标卷III
说明文
215
Sarah Thmas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择。
61. 非谓语动词62. 冠词63.时态和语态64. 定语从句65. 非谓语动词
66. 名词67. 名词的数68. 介词69. 动词时态70. 副词
2016年
新课标卷I
记叙文
197
作者的成都之旅及其与大熊猫之间的故事
61.名词62.时态和语态63.副词64.介词65.定语从句66.非谓语67. 非谓语
68.代词69.复数70.冠词
新课标卷II
说明文
192
缓解工作中的压力的一些方法
61.形容词的比较级62.词性转换63. 主谓一致和时态64.介词65.连词66.名词复数67. 词性转换68.冠词
69.非谓语动词70.祈使句
新课标卷III
说明文
196
筷子的材质和中国使用筷子的历史及文化内涵
谓语
时态
主动
被动
一般现在时
d/des
am/is/are dne
现在完成时
have/has dne
have/has been dne
现在进行时
am/is/are ding
am/is/are being dne
一般过去时
did
was/were dne
过去完成时
had dne
had been dne
过去进行时
was/were ding
was/were being dne
一般将来时
will d
will be dne
过去将来时
wuld d
wuld be dne
非谓语(无时态,有语态)
主动
被动
ding
being dne
having dne
have been dne
t d
t be dne
t have dne
t have been dne
形容词→副词
wide→widely
形容词→形容词比较级/最高级
wide→wider/widest
形容词→名词
wide→width
形容词→动词
wide→ widen
动词→名词
instruct → instructin (s)
特殊变性
happy →happily, simple →simply,
true →truly, arrange →arrangement,
judge →judgment
人称代词
(主格/宾格)
反身代词
名词性物
主代词
常考的不定代词
指示代词
I/me
myself
mine
ther/
anther
this/
that
yu
yurself/
yurselves
yurs
bth/neither/either
he/him
himself
his
all / nne
she/her
herself
hers
nthing/
nbdy
these/
thse
it
itself
its
everything/
everybdy
we/us
urselves
urs
anything/
anybdy
they/them
themselves
theirs
smething/
smebdy
冠词
形容词性物主代词
作定语用的代词
a(一个)
my
sme (一些)
yur
an(一个)
his
anther (另一个)
her
the(那个,这个)
its
ther (其他的)
ur
their
befre在(时、空)之前
acrss 横过、在……上
till 直到……
like 像……
after在(时、空)之后
thrugh 在……中穿过
fr 表原因、目的
t 表方向
abve在……上面
by 在……旁边,乘船、车等
behind在……后面
f 表所属关系
ver 在……正上方
with 表伴随(具有)
beside 在……旁
arund 在……周围
under 在……正下方
at、in、n表时间、地点
near附近……
up向上
n 在……表面
between表在二者之间
alng沿着……
dwn向下
in 在……里面
amng表在三者之间
frm 来自……
ff 远
as作为
beynd
超出……范围
tward 朝、
向……
定语从句
关系代词
wh (主语) whm (宾语) that(主语/宾语) which(主语/宾语) whse(所有格)
关系副词
when(时间) where(地点) why(原因) hw(方式)
名词性
从句
连词
that,if,whether
连接代词
that,which,wh,whm,whse,as,what,whether
连接副词
when,why,where,hw(+ever)
连词
因果关系
because, as, since, s
转折关系
thugh, but
假设关系
if, unless
让步关系
thugh, althugh
时间关系
when, while, as, befre, after, until, since
结果关系
,
比较关系
,than
情态动词1
can,will,shall,may,must,need
情态动词2
culd,wuld,shuld,might
助动词1
d,des,did
助动词2
have,has,had
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