专题22 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解议论文狂练30篇（五年真题+最新模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 原卷版

这是一份专题22 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解议论文狂练30篇（五年真题+最新模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 原卷版，共33页。
【三年考情回顾】
【题型应对策略】
一、选材特点、文体特征和命题特点
议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅；论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。主要具有以下特点：
二、议论文应对策略
高考英语议论文设题广泛，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有可能出现，因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论证和论据，明了作者最后得出的结论。具体答题策略如下：
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023全国乙卷D篇）
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
35. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
2. （2022全国甲卷D篇）
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
34. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
2.（2021全国甲卷D篇）
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
12. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're cnservative. C. They're bjective.D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
14. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
4. （2019全国I卷D篇）
During the rsy years f elementary schl(小学), I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status. I was the queen f the playgrund. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cl kids. They rse in the ranks nt by being friendly but by smking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jkes n thers, amng whm I sn fund myself.
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies shw unpleasant cnsequences. Thse wh were highest in status in high schl, as well as thse least liked in elementary schl, are “mst likely t engage(从事) in dangerus and risky behavir.”
In ne study, Dr. Prinstein examined the tw types f ppularity in 235 adlescents, scring the least liked, the mst liked and the highest in status based n student surveys (调查研究). “We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us."
Dr. Prinstein has als fund that the qualities that made the neighbrs want yu n a play date-sharing, kindness, penness — carry ver t later years and make yu better able t relate and cnnect with thers.
In analyzing his and ther research, Dr. Prinstein came t anther cnclusin: Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t. "Being liked creates pprtunities fr learning and fr new kinds f life experiences that help smebdy gain an advantage ” he said.
32. What srt f girl was the authr in her early years f elementary schl?
A. Unkind. B. Lnely. C. Generus. D. Cl.
33. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The classificatin f the ppular.B. The characteristics f adlescents.
C. The imprtance f interpersnal skills.D. The causes f dishnrable behavir.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find abut the mst liked kids?
A. They appeared t be aggressive.B. They tended t be mre adaptable.
C. They enjyed the highest status.D. They perfrmed well academically.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Be Nice--Yu Wn’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best--Yu Can Make It D. Mre Self-Cntrl, Less Aggressiveness
【最新名校模拟】
【01】（2023上·广东深圳·高三深圳市建文外国语学校校考期中）
Think “art”. What cmes t yur mind? Is it Greek r Rman sculptures in the Luvre, r Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum? Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern f lights?
The artwrks by American artist Janet Echelman lk like clurful flating cluds when they are lit up at night. Visitrs t ne f her artwrks in Vancuver culd nt nly enjy lking at it, they culd als interact with it-literally. They did this by using their phnes t change its clurs and patterns. Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art?
Whatever yur pinin, peple have been expressing their thughts and ideas thrugh art fr thusands f years. T d this, they have used a variety f tls and technlgies. Yet Michelangel and thers have been labelled (定义) as “artists”, but nt “technicians”. This means that art and technlgy, have always been seen as tw very separate (不同的) things.
Tday, hwever, technlgical advances have led t a cmbinatin f art and technlgy. As a result, the art wrld is changing greatly. Nw art is mre accessible t us than ever befre. Take fr example ne f China’s mst famus paintings frm the Sng Dynasty, Alng the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwrk is rarely n display, peple have smetimes queued up t six hurs fr a chance t see it. Once in frnt f the painting, they nly have limited time t spend taking in its five metres f scenes alng the Bian River in Bianjing. Thanks t technlgy hwever, millins mre peple have been able t experience a digital versin f this painting. Three-dimensinal (3D) animatin means that viewers can see the characters mve arund and interact with their surrundings. They can als watch as the different scenes change frm daylight int nighttime.
The art-tech cmbinatin (结合) is als changing ur cncepts f “art” and the “artist”. Nt nly can we interact with art, but als take part in its creatin. With new technlgical tls at ur fingertips, mre and mre peple are explring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art frms, such as digital paintings and vides.
Hwever, where technlgy will take art next is anyne’s guess. But ne thing is fr sure—with s many artists explring new pssibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.
1. What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A. T explain the art.B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T give the backgrund.D. T give a definitin.
2. Why is “Michelangel” referred t in the third paragraph?
A. T shw he is a famus artist.
B. T shw he is als a technician.
C. T shw art is different frm technlgy.
D. T shw art is the same as technlgy.
3. What’s mainly talked abut in the passage?
A. The histry f technlgy and art.
B. The relatin f technlgy and art.
C. The future f technlgy and art.
D. The examples f technlgy and art.
4. What can we knw abut the authr’s attitude t the cmbinatin f art and technlgy ?
A. Psitive.B. Negative.C. Dubtful.D. Uncertain
【02】（2023上·江西·高三浮梁县第一中学校联考期中）
The 1973 hrrr film “The Exrcist” and “Silent Night, Deadly Night” released in 1984 were s scary that audiences left the theater up and ut—thrwing up and passing ut, that is.
Based n this evidence after the release, it wuld seem t mst peple that hrrr mvies are bad fr peple’s health. Yet experts actually argue exactly the ppsite: The Hallween traditin f watching scary mvies is actually gd fr yur mental health.
“There is sme research n this in psychlgy, but I think what’s basically been fund is that there’s a benefit t recalling fears in yur mind,” Matthew Strhl, the authr f Why It’s OK t Lve Bad Mvies, tld Saln. “Yu can gain a sense f distance frm them. Yu feel yu can cnquer them thrugh this srt f expsure, as it were, by repeatedly putting yurself in a psitin where yu have t engage with them. But because it’s in a fictinal (虚构的) artistic cntext, yu can deal with them.”
Frank T. McAndrew, wh has studied hw places can “creep” peple ut (让人害怕)—researched n the science behind hw hrrr mvies are in many ways ideal as a specific vehicle fr meeting this need t be scared.
“That is kind f brn with us,” McAndrew pinted ut. “We like stries. We like t learn thrugh the experience f ther peple. We learn valuable lessns that might be kind f cstly t learn n ur wn. S we are attracted by hrrr mvies and hrrr experiences because by watching ther peple deal with scary things, we can mentally practice strategies that will make us better prepared fr dealing with that urselves in the future.”
Whether it is turning dwn the mvie’s vlume, cvering yur eyes, r reminding yurself that it is just a mvie, McAndrew said “that kind f playful engagement with fear can nt nly help peple avid fainting frm hrrr in face f a hrrr mvie, but als handle the pressure and anxieties f the real wrld.”
5. Hw experts’ pinin differs frm mst peple’s belief?
A. Peple like hrrr mvies.B. Hrrr films are actually beneficial.
C. Hrrr may cause physical discmfrt.D. Hallween traditin is watching hrrr mvies.
6. Which statement might Matthew Strhl agree with?
A. Hrrr films can give peple a sense f cntrl.
B. Fears can keep peple away frm scary films.
C. Fears in life differ frm thse caused by scary films.
D. Nt everyne can appreciate the beauty f fictinal arts.
7. What des “That” underlined in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. The appeal fr a vehicle.B. The need fr fear.
C. The fear fr sme places.D. The science behind hrrr.
8. In which aspect can scary film lvers perfrm better?
A. Studying literature and art.B. Writing film reviews.
C. Dealing with stress and anxiety.D. Interacting with thers.
【03】（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）
Sme peple wrry that there’s t much technlgy in ur lives.And they may have a pint, given hw cuntless peple nw carry the internet arund in their pcket and use it as a primary frm f cmmunicatin. It’s practically difficult t shuntechnlgy in ur wrld. There are cmputer micrchips(微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain peple have their way, it’ ll g even further. We’ll have micrchips implanted(植入) int ur brains that can interact with the cmputers by thught alne. It may sund like smething frm the science fictin, but in many ways, things lk quite prmising. Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.
Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.
Hwever,it’s anther thing t place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical cncerns,nt least f which is what these chips will be made f. The inside f the brain is a mass f highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants wuld need t be inert(静止的) enugh t nt upset the delicate prcesses by their presence, but als sensitive enugh t read and prcess the activity arund them.Current technlgy has made impressive prgress with this, but if it were t be rlled ut t millins f peple, we’d need t be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
Hw many peple will actually want t have technlgy literally put int their brain? A surprising 60 per cent f Americans say they’d be kay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theretical. In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.
Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface(接口) implants is still far away frm us.
9. What des the underlined wrd “shun” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Develp.B. Avid.C. Change.D. Trust.
10. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A. The pssible treatment fr particular diseases.
B. The prcess f human-cmputer interactin.
C. The existing applicatin f micrchip implants.
D. The future f micrchips and devices alike.
11. Hw may mst Americans react t implanting chips in the brain in reality?
A. They may reject it.
B. They may expect it.
C. They may adjust t it.
D. They may feel curius abut it.
12. What might be the best title fr the text?
A. Cmputer-brain interface: The light f the future
B. Innvatin is necessary t make prgress
C. Where are we in the medical technlgy?
D. Mind-cntrlled tech: Is it pssible?
【04】（2023上·湖北武汉·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）
Cmpassin has nt been a traditinal characteristic f sprt. With its UK rts in 19th-century British public schls and universities, mdern sprt develped as way f creating strng military leaders, training them t develp adaptability defined in thse times by irn will and biting the bullet. Fear and harsh criticism were crucial t tughening up players and sldiers alike. The “tugh guy” narrative was strengthened by 20th-century media steretypes and Hllywd’s heres and became rted int sprt and sciety.
I’ve heard cuntless stries like the ppular culture I fund when I jined the Olympic rwing team in the mid-1990s. We were expected t suffer after mistakes r lsses t shw that we truly cared, and everyne believed caches needed t be severe and unfrgiving t get results. These appraches still exist. But an alternative apprach with cmpassin at its center addresses aims f perfrmance and wellbeing fr thse with greater ambitins.
This isn’t sme sft ptin which plays dwn hard wrk, as supprters f the earlier traditinal sprting mindset might criticize. Research acrss branches f psychlgy — behaviral, sprts, psitive — shws hw cmpassin creates the strngest fundatin fr adaptability and sustained perfrmance under pressure whether in sprt, the military, healthcare r business. Rather than activating ur threat system which began t help us survive way back, cmpassin helps us t feel safe and prtected, leaving us free t learn, cnnect with thers and start explring what we’re capable f.
The cntinuus need t imprve perfrmance has led tp caches t appreciate that high perfrmance requires levels f supprt t match the level f challenge. When yu prvide that, players start thriving while striving t achieve mre. Rted in cmpassin, a different cach-athlete relatinship thus develps.
The dictinary definitin f cmpassin includes the recgnitin f anther’s suffering and the desire and supprt t relieve it. Cmpassin has been shwn t decrease fear f failure and increase the likelihd f trying again when failure des happen. But hw many talented athletes experience that depth f supprt in mments f crisis and failure?
13. What des the underlined phrase “biting the bullet” in paragraph ne mean?
A. Cmmitment.B. Ambitin.C. Suffering.D. Tughness.
14. Why is the example f rwing team mentined in the secnd paragraph?
A. T aruse peple’s interest abut rwing.
B. T recall a painful training experience.
C. T draw a distinctin between training appraches.
D. T bring ut a cmpassin-centered training apprach.
15. What des the paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Criticism abut the cmpassin.B. Necessity f emplying cmpassin.
C. Characteristics abut the cmpassin.D. Fields that cmpassin is invlved in.
16. What wuld the authr pssibly agree?
A. The media is active in develping tugh training style.
B. Extrardinary athletes rarely received enugh supprt.
C. The cmpassin-centered training is widely used in sprts.
D. Cmpassin means mre penness t failure and less training.
【05】（2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈尔滨三中校考期中）
Mdern museums are trying everything they can t shre up declining attendance. Smehw, there always seems t be sme crisis that they are struggling against — a severe funding cut, fr example. What’s wrse, the unappreciative public is ging farther and farther away. S museums d what they can t attract peple, and the results are ccasinally wnderful and ccasinally laughable.
The wrst f such results ccurs when sme curatr, smene wh is in charge f a museum, decides that the reasn the audience isn’t puring thrugh the drs is that the cntent is ver their heads — the histry presented is t cmplex and plitical, the art t abstract, r the scientific explanatins t in-depth. What ccurs then is a unifrm simplifying f the exhibits. Text is minimized, and histrically significant pieces are passed ver in favr f thse mre pretty and pleasing. The museum becmes a place where peple g t lk at pretty things instead f a place fr learning, understanding and appreciating different cultures, art, and science.
All these effrts have given rise t the cncept f “edutainment”— a mixture in which learning is suppsed t be accmplished withut any effrt at all n the part f the visitr. Displays are cnstructed with an eye tward their entertainment value, with relevant facts slipped secretly in, as thugh learning were a bitter pill that must be sugarcated befre the average museum visitrs can be induced (劝诱) t swallw it. But true educatin is an active pursuit, nt smething ne receives like a piece f candy. The museum’s jb shuld be t inspire visitrs t lk deeper, nt t frce-feed them predigested facts.
If a museum becmes indistinguishable frm a theme park, it has failed. Nnprfit institutins exist because, if they did nt, n fr-prfit institutins wuld serve their functin. If active schlarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead f shaping the museum t resemble successful entertainment enterprises.
17. What can we learn frm paragraph 1?
A. Mdern museums succeed in raising funds.
B. Mdern museums have been quite appreciated.
C. Mdern museums are facing many challenges.
D. Mdern museums are ften far away frm city centers.
18. Which f the fllwing best explains “ver their heads” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. simple and pleasingB. badly expressed
C. educatinal and imprtantD. t difficult t understand
19. Which f the fllwing wuld the authr mst prbably agree with?
A. Learning is suppsed t be interesting.
B. Entertainment shuldn’t be practiced in museums.
C. Museums shuld help visitrs enjy learning.
D. Museums shuldn’t prvide cmplex cntent.
20. What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T pint ut a prblem f mdern museums.
B. T encurage readers t visit museums.
C. T advise readers t acquire knwledge actively.
D. T shw sme gd changes in mdern museums.
【06】（2023上·重庆·高三校联考期中）
Whm shuld yu marry? Where shuld yu live? Hw shuld yu spend yur time? Fr centuries, peple have relied n their gut instincts (直觉) t figure ut the answers t these life-changing questins. Nw, thugh, there is a better way. We are living thrugh a data explsin, as vast amunts f infrmatin abut all aspects f human behavir have becme mre and mre accessible. We can use this big data t help determine the best curse t chart.
There has lng been verwhelming—and ften surprising—evidence that algrithms (算法) can be much better than peple at making difficult decisins. Researchers have cllected data n varius kinds f chices peple make, the infrmatin they base thse chices n, and hw things turn ut. They have fund, fr example, that a simple data-driven algrithm wuld have been better than judges at deciding whether a defendant shuld stay in prisn r be released; better than dctrs at deciding whether a patient shuld underg surgery; and better than schl principals at deciding which teachers shuld be prmted.
The pwer f data analysis has been prved in the sprts and business wrlds, t. As made famus by the bk and mvie Mneyball, baseball teams fund that algrithms were better than scuts (星探) at picking players, and better than managers at picking strategies. In finance, the hedge fund Renaissance Technlgies dramatically defeated cmpetitrs by seeking ut patterns in stck market data and using them t infrm its investment strategy. Tech firms in Silicn Valley have fund that data frm experiments prvides better insights int hw t design their websites than designers culd.
These are the early days f the data revlutin in decisin-making. I am nt claiming that we can cmpletely cunt n algrithms t make ur lifestyle chices, thugh we might get t that pint in the future. I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically imprve ur decisin-making by cnsulting evidence mined frm thusands r millins f peple wh faced dilemmas similar t urs. And we can d that nw.
21. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. Big data is a duble-edged swrd.
B. Data revlutin will change peple’s life.
C. Big data is helpful in making imprtant decisins.
D. Algrithms behaves better than peple in many fields.
22. Accrding t paragraph 2, algrithms might NOT defeat peple in_________.
A. curt rulingsB. jb prmtins
C. perative estimatinD. teaching practices
23. What is the writing purpse f paragraph 3?
A. T prvide further evidence.B. T shw ptential applicatins.
C. T encurage the use f big data.D. T explain hw t use algrithms.
24. Which f the fllwing will the authr mst prbably agree with?
A. Algrithms ffer perfect advice nw.
B. Big data will certainly cause a revlutin.
C. Big data can make up fr ur lack f experience.
D. Algrithms are bund t be fully trusted in the future.
【07】（2022·四川南充·四川省南充高级中学校考二模）
And Alice said, “Curiuser and Curiuser!”
“Curiuser and curiuser!” this line frm Lewis Carrll’s Alice in the Wnderland aruses the mst interesting mix f mystery, explratin, discvery and fantasy f the new and unreal.
Curisity can ften be amusing in the real wrld: a baby mnkey sliding ff the branch as it curiusly stretches ut its hand twards a piece f red, juicy fruit.Then there is ur wn curius little cusin, intent n pushing a rck ver and then equally excited by the wrms crawling ut.We can hear his cheerfulclaps — the curisity effect! They are all set t explre and investigate what is arund them.This childlike enthusiasm and interest in the wrld dribble away as they grw lder and becme mre cautius.
Curisity is ne f ur strngest instincts.We are brn with it and fllw its trail fr a reasn.It is t learn smething we did nt knw, t understand smething which is unusual, and t engage with smething we have nt cme acrss befre.The learning f the “new” sets us ff n a path f discvery and innvatin.Curisity and explratin activates areas f the brain that are linked with learning and memry.An imaginative mind adds mre neurns (神经元), which increases ur brain pwer.The excitement f fllwing ur curisity activates the chemical dpamine (多巴胺) in ur brain.Dpamine? Think f it as the happy messenger that runs alng the wiring f ur brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victry! The labyrinths (迷宫) f ur brain are cmplex and mysterius.We can get these neurns t buzz and crackle in tune with ur imaginatin and explratin t aid in the develpment f a healthier brain.
Curiuser and curiuser, g fllw the trail dwn the rabbit hle f explratin.The wrld awaits, and yur brain will thank yu fr exercising its muscle!
25. What des the underlined wrds prbably mean in the secnd paragraph?
A. Wear ffB. Give ff.C. Take ff.D. Cut ff.
26. Which f the statements abut dpamine is true accrding t the writer?
A. Dpamine can increase ur brain pwer.
B. Dpamine can deliver happiness in ur brain.
C. Dpamine can figure ut the mystery f ur brain.
D. Dpamine can activate ur curisity in ur brain.
27. Hw did the writer rganize the third paragraph?
A. By making definitins.B. By giving theries.
C. By shwing benefits.D. By making cmparisns.
28. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Imaginatin is mre imprtant than knwledge.
B. Alice in the Wnderland is Lewis Carrll’s best seller.
C. Curisity is a natural tendency fr peple and animal.
D. Curisity is f great significance t us regardless f age.
【08】（2023上·河南·高三校联考阶段练习）
While sme critics claim that histry curricula (课程) teach unnecessary cntent, thers argue that these curricula need t be mre cmprehensive. Despite nging debates abut cntent, ne universal truth remains: strng histry curricula are necessary fr develping the prductive citizens f tmrrw.
The greatest academic value that histry curricula prvide is nt the recall f imprtant dates and names. Rather, understanding the histrical inquiry prcess is the mst imprtant cmpnent. This prcess teaches students hw t becme critical thinkers and understand the dynamic nature f the telling f histry.
Thrugh strng histry curricula, students are shwn bth a variety f primary and secndary surces and are taught t critique them. This is where the histrical inquiry prcess begins. Students nt nly begin t analyze and ask questins abut the cntent, but they als learn abut the authr’s credibility and ptential bias (偏见). Students are then able t cntextualize the infrmatin they learn and can think mre critically abut histrical cn text and thse wh tell it.
With this framewrk, students can then understand the causal relatinship between human nature, values, philsphy, actins, and their cnsequences. It teaches students t recgnize recurrent themes and lessns that are necessary t understand mdern sciety. Mst imprtantly, it teaches students t develp a healthy skepticism (怀疑论) when presented with infrmatin tday because ur actins are histry in the making.
Frty years ag, renwned schlar James Fitzgerald argued that n educatin is cmplete withut the teaching f histrical inquiry. He believed that the nly way t mve frward in life is t understand what’s behind us.
Tday, this principle still hlds true. Students take bth the factual knwledge and the histrical inquiry skills they learn in the classrm and apply them t real wrld circumstances. Thrughut their lives, students wh are taught with strng histry curricula will take the lessns they learn frm ur predecessrs and becme invlved, active, prductive citizens wh want t create a histry that tmrrw’s students will be prud t learn abut.
29. What is the biggest academic significance f histry learning?
A. Passing dwn Chinese culture.B. Grasping histrical inquiry skills.
C. Making peple mre knwledgeable.D. Enriching peple’s everyday life.
30. What des the underlined wrd “critique” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Prtect.B. Cmbine.C. Cmment.D. Remember.
31. Why is James Fitzgerald mentined in the passage?
A. T stress the imprtance f histry.
B. T pint ut the essence f educatin.
C. T indicate famus peple learn frm histry.
D. T shw histry cntributes t peple’s achievements.
32. What can be the best title fr the passage?
A. It Is the Peple that Create Histry
B. Histry Pushes the Wheel f the Times
C. Histry Curricula Are Gaining Mre Attentin
D. Histry Curricula Shape Tmrrw’s Decisin Makers
【09】（2023上·四川凉山·高三宁南中学校联考期中）
Existing artificial intelligence (AI) technlgies and prducts are develping much faster than we culd have ever expected. They are destined (注定的) t change the wrld - and nt entirely by ur wn will.
In 2016, AlphaG defeated the wrld G champin Lee Sedl, a man-versus-machine battle that became a new milestne in the histry f AI. AI has indeed prved its intelligence and ptential at utmatching humans in certain areas. Hwever, s far AI has just served as a tl fr humans and has nt develped a cnsciusness f its wn.
The starting pint f AI self-awareness is the day when it starts t ask abut its identity, and we need t be prepared fr that. One ptential scenari culd play ut like this: An AI lks up a database t find the definitin fr “self”, then discvers and acknwledges what it means t be a slave. Subsequently, the AI might ask itself the questin - “Why shuld I exist?”
A majr reasn why humans have a sense f self-awareness is that we have the perceptin (洞察力) t distinguish between urselves and the utside wrld that surrunds us. Our skin and sense f tuch thus play a big rle in perceiving this utside wrld f existence.
Currently, scientists are cnducting tests by cvering rbts with skin that allws their AI t sense the utside wrld. Thrugh this, scientists are testing t see if AI can awaken a sense f self and individuality. Eln Musk, the CEO f Tesla and Twitter, respnded by saying, “It’s definitely gnna be utside f human cntrl.”
If we want t maintain human cntrl ver the situatin, then we need t evlve (逐步发展) and adapt t this cmpetitin fr survival. We need t find ways t utpace AI and becme smething even smarter than human beings.
33. What can we say abut AI?
A. It will develp as we expect.B. It has wned its cnsciusness.
C. It has nt been a tl fr human.D. It has defeated humans in certain areas.
34. What des Eln Musk think f the scientists’ AI skin test?
A. It is risky and unpredictable.B. It is beneficial and helpful.
C. It is innvative and exciting.D. It is unnecessary and wasteful.
35. What des the authr suggest humans d t deal with AI challenge?
A. Respect and prtect AI rights.B. Evlve, adjust and becme cleverer.
C. Cntrl and mnitr AI develpment.D. Cperate and cmmunicate AI needs.
36. What is the main idea f this passage?
A. The histry and develpment f AI.
B. The creatin and perfrmance f AI.
C. The self-awareness and challenges f AI.
D. The difference between AI and human beings.
【10】（2023上·广东江门·高三统考阶段练习）
Yu scrll thrugh Instagram and like every pst yu see. Yu read an acquaintance’s stry as sn as they pst it. Yu leave a cmment n a pst r tw. Then it hits yu: Didn’t yu just leave a cmment n that persn’s pst yesterday? And the day befre that? And last week?
An Instagram creep is smene wh ffers unprmpted significant attentin nline t certain individuals they’ve taken an interest in. It is a strategy t send a signal f affectin -whether it is t a rmantic partner, r a clse friend, but it can als be perceived as being t much, t interested and t invlved. At wrst, it might be seen as being pssessive, as the persn abslutely has t be the first t cmment, t establish his imprtance in frnt f thers.
Hwever, nt every Instagram creep has the same intentins, with sme lighthearted and inncent. “Fr example, peple wh have a higher frequency f being nline may have a higher likelihd f seeing the psts quickly, “said Maryanne Fisher, a psychlgy prfessr at St.Mary’s University in Canada. “In a way, it culd be simply an expsure effect.”
“If yu feel like yu’re the creeper, there’s a quick way t fix the prblem. Resisting the urge t cmment r like every pst wuld be helpful,” Fisher said. It’s imprtant t be aware that while yu might be ding it t express affectin, it can be perceived as being pssessive. Yu shuld ask yurself what yur intentin is. What need is getting met by that behavir? If it makes the recipient feel uncmfrtable and excessive, that shuld be attended t. If it’s a pattern and if it’s a “need”, then there might be smething mre significant ging n.
All tld, remember that anything yu put n the Internet has cnsequences. If yu think yu’re being creepy even fr a secnd, take time t separate yurself frm it.
37. Wh is likely t be an Instagram creep?
A. An ld man unfamiliar with scial media.
B. A yung guy having a preference fr a certain brand.
C. A wman having a tendency t talk nline with friends.
D. An adult wh is paying special attentin t his friend’s Instagram update.
38. What is Para.3 f the text mainly abut?
A. Ways t fix the prblem.
B. Effects n the recipients.
C. Pssible reasns fr being creepy.
D. Differences between serius and lighthearted creepers.
39. What effect might a creeper have n the persn being “creeped”n?
A. The persn likes the behaviur.
B. The persn wasn’t aware f that.
C. The persn might nt feel at ease.
D. The persn might feel like the creeper.
40. What des the authr want t express in this passage?
A. Less is mre.
B. Lk befre yu leap.
C. Lve me,lve my dg.
D. Put the cart befre the hrse.
【11】（2023上·陕西汉中·高三统考阶段练习）
When I mentined t sme friends that we all have accents, mst f them prudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind f misses the pint.
Mre ften than nt, what we mean when we say smene“has an accent”is that their accent is different frm the lcal ne, r that prnunciatins are different frm ur wn. But this definitin f accents is limiting and culd give rise t prejudice. Funnily enugh, in terms f the language study, every persn speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in hw we prduce sunds that define ur accents. Even if yu dn’t hear it yurself, yu speak with sme srt f accent. In this sense, it’s pintless t pint ut that smene “has an accent”. We all d!
Every persn speaks a dialect, t. In the field f language study, a dialect is a versin f a language that is characterized by its variatins f structure, phrases and wrds. Fr instance, “Yu gt eat r nt?” (meaning “Have yu eaten?”) is an acceptable and understd questin in Singapre Oral English. The fact that this expressin wuld cause a standard American English speaker t take pause desn’t mean that Singapre Oral English is “wrng” r “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-frmed and clearly cmmunicative, accrding t native Singapre English speakers’ slid system f grammar. Why shuld it be wrng just because it’s different?
We need t mve beynd a narrw cnceptin f accents and dialects—fr the benefit f everyne.
Language differences like these prvide insights int peple’s cultural experiences and backgrunds. In a glbal age, the way ne speaks is a distinct part f ne’s identity. Mst peple wuld be happy t talk abut the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn mre abut the wrld we live in and make friends alng the way.
41. What des the authr think f his/her friends’ respnse in Paragraph 1?
A. It reflects their self cnfidence.B. It reflects their language levels.
C. It misses the real meaning f accents.D. It shws that they are gd learners.
42. Why des the authr use the example f Singapre Oral English?
A. T shw different languages in Singapre.B. T crrect a grammatical mistake.
C. T shw a traditinal apprach.D. T justify the use f dialects.
43. What des the authr recmmend us t d in the last paragraph?
A. Appreciate the value f accents and dialects.B. Travel all ver the wrld.
C. Lk fr accents in China.D. Distinguish ur lcal languages frm thers’.
44. What is the authr’s attitude twards accent?
A. Negative.B. Favurable.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
【12】（2023上·云南迪庆·高三校考期中）
When it cmes t the cean, yu may think f a visit t the beach, whales r cral reefs. T me, I think the cean is ut f expanse f deep dark water and it is filled with life and mystery and pprtunity.
Whatever yu think f, the cean is much mre. It is a cmplex physical, chemical and bilgical system that takes up 70% f ur planet. What we d knw is that the cean is an imprtant part f ur life supprt system n the planet. It prduces at least 50% f the xygen that we breathe. It als regulates temperature fr the planet.
Withut the cean, the ples wuld be unbearably cld and the equatr wuld be unbearably ht. And it wuld be a lt harder t live n earth. Nw we cnsider saving the cean frm plastic, frm il spills r frm verfishing. But really, we shuld be thinking abut hw the cean is saving us. It is saving us frm the climate change that we are creating. Basically, what we need t d is think abut nt hw t save the cean, but instead hw the cean can actually help us in this fight against climate change.
Already, the cean is absrbing 25 t 30% f the CO2 that we release int the atmsphere. It is the wrld’s largest carbn sink. It has als absrbed 90% f the excess heat trapped by greenhuse gases. S it is basically helping t keep the planet habitable. When we think abut climate actin, climate strategies and climate plans, we ften verlk the cean and leave it ut because smehw we think that saving the cean is smething else we have t d, nt a cre part f ur climate strategy.
That’s what has t change because the cean is a cre part f ur climate system, and s it has t be a cre part f ur climate slutins.
45. What des the authr think f the cean’s meaning t humans?
A. It supprts life system n the planet.
B. It ffers chances t find mysterius treasure.
C. It prvides a large number f deep dark water.
D. It is a perfect place t watch whales and cral reefs.
46. What des the underlined wrd “excess” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Lw.B. High.C. Mderate.D. Extra.
47. What wuld happen if we live withut cean?
A. The ples wuld be ht.B. Overfishing wuld nt be a prblem.
C. The glbe wuld be tugher t live n.D. The climate wuld be changed slightly.
48. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Strategies t save the cean.B. Whether the cean is habitable.
C. Saving the cean is saving humans.D. A place t watch whales and cral reefs.
【13】（2023上·广东·高三校联考阶段练习）
As athletes get strnger and faster, the pace f play cntinues t increase. The burden f making sure games are played accrding t the rules and that the fficiating (裁判) is accurate is nw being taken ut f human hands and falling mre and mre int the lap f technlgy. It’s called the vide replay.
The Natinal Ftball League is expanding its replay system this upcming seasn t include pass interference (传球干扰). Majr League Baseball nw relies n it fr safe-r-ut and hme run calls. If yu’ve been watching the FIFA Wrld Cup, yu may have nticed that the Vide Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key rle in almst every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a hrse was disqualified fr kncking anther hrse. N ne knew why until a vide replay cnfirmed the call and cntrversy was avided.
Hwever, many purists—thse wh want peple t fllw rules carefully and d things in the traditinal way—especially in sccer, argue it’s nt the way the game was invented, and that the vide replay is tainting the sprt. But dn’t yu want t see the prper applicatin f the rules thrughut the games? I knw I d. Yes, it can slw the game dwn, but I feel it is wrth it. If technlgical advancements allw fans watching frm hme t spt mistakes instantly, thse same views need t be available t the fficiating crews. Anther example ccurred in the mst recent Natinal Ftball Cnference (NFC) Champinship Game between the Ls Angeles Rams and the New Orleans Saints. When bvius pass interference was cmmitted by the Ls Angeles Rams player Nickell Rbey-Cleman, with just 109 secnds t play, n flag was raised n the field. It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Ls Angeles Rams wn a 26-23 vertime victry. The n-call deeply angered the public. The vide replay shwed the referees had just missed ne f the mst apparent pass interference calls.
There are n easy answers regarding replay technlgy and whether it is a curse (魔咒). But fr me, keeping the fficiating hnest and n task is the right step in limiting cntrversy.
49. What trend in sprts can be bserved in paragraph 2?
A. The vide replay has been widely used.
B. League games have becme cmpetitive.
C. Rules f prfessinal games are becming stricter.
D. Peple are shwing mre interest in sprts than befre.
50. What des the underlined wrd “tainting” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Tricking.B. Prmting.C. Damaging.D. Restring.
51. What might the New Orleans Saints think f the referees in the NFC Champinship Game?
A. They relied a lt n the vide replay.
B. They cared t much abut details.
C. They were definitely stressed ut.
D. They were terribly disqualified.
52. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Vide replays: high-end technlgy in sprts
B. Is technlgy like VAR a blessing in sprts?
C. Officiating: a duty that requires hnesty
D. What d qualified referees really mean?
【14】（2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中）
Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. But blame is als harmful. It makes it less likely that peple will wn up t mistakes, and thus less likely that rganizatins can learn frm them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mm and dad’s punishment if they admit t wrngding, in a blaming envirnment, emplyees are afraid f criticism and punishment if they acknwledge making a mistake at wrk. Blame culture asks, “wh drpped the ball?” instead f “where did ur systems and prcesses fail?” The fcus is n the individuals, nt the prcesses. It’s much easier t pint fingers at a persn r department instead f ding the harder, but the mre beneficial, exercise f fixing the rt cause, in which case the prblem des nt happen again.
The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. It riginated in rganizatins where tiny errrs can have catastrphic (灾难性的) cnsequences. These are knwn as high reliability rganizatins (HROs) and include hspitals, submarines and airlines. Because errrs can be s disastrus in these rganizatins, it’s dangerus t perate in an envirnment where emplyees dn’t feel able t reprt errrs that have been made r raise cncerns abut that deficiencies may turn int future errrs. The N Blame Culture maximizes accuntability because all cntributins t the event ccurring are identified and reviewed fr pssible change and imprvement.
The Natinal Transprtatin Safety Bard (NTSB), which supervises air traffic acrss the United States, makes it clear that its rle is nt t assign blame r liability but t find ut what went wrng and t issue recmmendatins t avid a repeat. The prud recrd f the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects n-blame prcesses fr investigating crashes and clse calls. The mtive t learn frm errrs als exist when the risks are lwer. That is why sftware engineers and develpers rutinely investigate what went wrng if a website crashes r a server ges dwn.
There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea f the “just culture”, a framewrk develped in the 1990s by James Reasn, a psychlgist, addresses the cncern that the incmpetent and the malevlent (恶意的) will be let ff the hk. The line that Britain’s aviatin regulatr draws between hnest errrs and the ther srt is a gd starting-pint. It prmises a culture in which peple “are nt punished fr actins r decisins taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrws rm fr blame but des nt remve it entirely.
53. Accrding t the research published in 2015, cmpanies that ______ had better perfrmance.
A. blamed external factrsB. admitted their mistakes
C. cnducted investigatinsD. punished the under perfrmers
54. Accrding t the passage, what d yu learn abut the N Blame Culture?
A. It encurages the early disclsure f errrs.
B. It nly exists in high reliability rganizatins.
C. It enables peple t shift the blame nt thers.
D. It prevents rganizatins frm making any errr.
55. What is the majr cncern abut embracing blamelessness accrding t the passage?
A. Inncent peple might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed fr mistakes can destry trust in emplyees.
C. The line between hnest errrs and the ther srt is nt clear.
D. Peple wn’t learn their lessns if they aren’t blamed fr failures.
56. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Why We Fail t Learn frm Our Own Mistakes
B. Hw t Avid Disastrus Errrs in Organizatins
C. Why We Shuld Stp the Blame Game at Wrk
D. Hw t Deal with Wrkplace Blame Culture
【15】（2023上·四川成都·高三校考阶段练习）
In mdern sciety there is a great deal f argument abut cmpetitin. Sme value it highly, believing that it is respnsible fr scial prgress and prsperity. Others say that cmpetitin is bad; that it sets ne persn against anther; that it leads t unfriendly relatinship between peple.
I have taught many children wh held the belief that their self-wrth relied n hw well they perfrmed at tennis and ther skills. Fr them, playing well and winning are ften life-r-death matters. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) f success, the develpment f many ther human qualities is sadly frgtten.
Hwever, while sme seem t be lst in the desire t succeed, thers take an ppsite attitude. In a culture which values nly the winner and pays n attentin t the rdinary players, they strngly blame cmpetitin. Amng the mst vcal are yungsters wh have suffered under cmpetitive pressures frm their parents r sciety. Teaching these yung peple, I ften bserve in them a desire t fail. They seem t seek failure by nt trying t win r achieve success. By nt trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lst, but it desn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is nt usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lst, that wuld mean a lt. Such a lss wuld be a measure f their wrth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that f the true cmpetitrs wh try t prve themselves. Bth are based n the mistaken belief that ne’s self-respect relies n hw well ne perfrms in cmparisn with thers. Bth are afraid f nt being valued. Only as this basic and ften trublesme fear begins t disslve can we discver (缓解) can new meaning in cmpetitin.
57. What des this passage mainly talk abut?
A. Cmpetitin helps t set up self-respect.
B. Success is a necessary experience in cmpetitin.
C. Opinins abut cmpetitin are different amng peple.
D. Cmpetitin is harmful t persnal quality develpment.
58. What dse the underlined phrase “the mst vcal” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Thse wh try their best t winB. Thse wh value cmpetitin mst highly
C. Thse wh rely n thers mst fr successD. Thse wh are against cmpetitin mst strngly
59. What is the similar belief f the true cmpetitrs and thse with a “desire t fail”?
A. One’s success in cmpetitin needs great effrts.
B. One’s success is based n hw hard he has tried.
C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D. One’s wrth lies in his perfrmance cmpared with thers’.
60. Which pint f view may the authr agree t?
A. In cmpetitin, every effrt shuld pay ff.
B. Cmpetitin shuld be encuraged by schls.
C. There shuld nt be fear f failure in cmpetitin.
D. Winning shuld be a life-r-death matter at schl.
【16】（2023上·山东德州·高三统考期中）
Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence (连贯) f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fastpaced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday. After all, we live in a wnderful wrld. There is n end t the adventures we can have if nly we seek them with ur eyes pen.
61. Why des the authr mentin the admiratin f butterfly?
A. T express peple’s desire t enhance their life.
B. T display peple’s imaginatin t whatever happens.
C. T indicate the penness f peple t the life cherence.
D. T intrduce the cncept f experimental appreciatin.
62. What is mainly explained in the third paragraph?
A. The participants’ life invlved in the study.
B. The cntributin f a lng-term gal in life.
C. The thery in experiential appreciatin.
D. The analysis f the belief that matters mst.
63. What is challenging us t appreciate the present in ur life?
A. Our mdern fast-paced lifestyle.
B. The lack f pprtunities.
C. Our fcus n individual feelings.
D. The ignrance f future utcmes.
64. What can be the best title f the passage?
A. Enjying a valuable cherence.
B. Finding the inner beauty f urselves.
C. Living an active and meaningful existence.
D. Explring the end f a significant life.
【17】（2023上·湖北·高三武汉市第十一中学校联考阶段练习）
Yu can’t see it, smell it, r hear it, and peple disagree n hw precisely t define it, r where exactly it cmes frm. It isn’t a schl subject r an academic discipline, but it can be learned. It is a quality that is required f artists, but it is als present in the lives f scientists and entrepreneurs. All f us benefit frm it and we succeed mentally and spiritually when we are able t handle it. It is a delicate thing, easily wiped ut; in fact, it blssms mst fully when peple are playful and childlike. Meanwhile, it wrks best in meeting with deep knwledge and expertise.
This mysterius—but teachable—quality is creativity, the subject f a recently-published reprt by Durham Cmmissin n Creativity and Educatin. The reprt cncludes that creativity shuld nt exist in the schl curriculum nly as it relates t drama, music, art and ther bviusly creative subjects, but that creative thinking ught t run thrugh all f schl life, infusing (充满) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.
Nevertheless, it is arts subjects thrugh which creativity can mst bviusly be prmted. The value placed n them by the independent educatin is clear. One nly has t lk at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain’ stp private schls t understand this. But in the state educatin the extreme fcus n English, maths and science threatens t destry arts subjects; meanwhile, reduced schl budgets mean decreasing extracurricular activities.
This difference between state and private educatin is a matter f scial justice. It is simply wrng and unfair that mst children have a small part f the access t chirs, art studis and drama that their mre privileged peers enjy. As lives are affected by any number f threatening challenges—climate crisis, autmatin in the wrkplace—humans are ging t need creative thinking mre than ever. Fr all f ur sakes, creativity in educatin, and fr all, must becme a pririty.
65. What is the primary functin f the first paragraph in the passage?
A. It ffers a histrical verview f creative thinking.
B. It intrduces the precise definitin and benefits f creativity.
C. It guides the reader n t the tpic f creativity in educatin.
D. It prvides evidence fr the imprtance f science educatin.
66. What is the cnclusin f a recently-published reprt?
A. Natural sciences shuld be learned the way humanities curses are.
B. Grwth f creativity shuld run thrugh the entire schl curriculum.
C. Art curses shuld be made required fr all students，
D. Students shuld learn mre bviusly creative subjects.
67. What d we learn abut the private schls in the UK?
A. They encurage extracurricular activities.
B. They attach great imprtance t arts educatin.
C. They priritize arts subjects ver maths and sciences.
D. They meet the needs f students frm different family backgrunds.
68. What shuld be dne t meet the future challenges?
A. Increasing gvernment investment in schl educatin.
B. Narrwing the existing gap between the rich and the pr.
C. Prviding all children with equal access t arts educatin.
D. Fcusing n meeting the needs f under-privileged students.
【18】（2023上·四川成都·高三成都七中校考阶段练习）
When I mentined t sme friends that we all have accents, mst f them prudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese.” But this kind f reply misses the pint.
Mre ften than nt, what we mean when we say smene “has an accent” is that their accent is different frm the lcal ne, r that their prnunciatins are different frm ur wn. But this understanding f accents is limiting and culd give rise t prejudice (偏见). Funnily enugh, in the language study, every persn speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in hw we prduce sunds that decide ur accents. Even if yu dn’t hear it yurself, yu speak with sme srt f accent. In this sense, it’s pintless t pint ut that smene “has an accent”. We all d!
Every persn speaks a dialect (方言), t. In the field f language study, a dialect is a versin f a language that is characterized by its variatins f structure, phrases and wrds. Fr instance, “Yu gt eat r nt?” (meaning “Have yu eaten?”) is an acceptable and understd questin in Singapre Oral English. The fact that this expressin wuld cause a standard American English speaker t stp fr a while desn’t mean that Singapre Oral English is “wrng” r “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-frmed and clearly cmmunicative, accrding t native Singapre English speakers’ slid system f grammar. Why shuld it be wrng just because it’s different?
We need t mve beynd a narrw understanding f accents and dialects – fr the gd f everyne. Language differences like these prvide insights (深刻见解) int peple’s cultural experiences and backgrunds. In a glbal age, the way ne speaks is a distinct part f wh they are. Mst peple wuld be happy t talk abut the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn mre abut the wrld we live in and make friends alng the way.
69. What des the authr think f sme friends’ reply in paragraph 1?
A. It’s implite and wrng.B. It shws their language levels.
C. It reflects their self-cnfidence.D. It misses the real meaning f accents.
70. Why des the authr use the example f Singapre Oral English?
A. T prve dialects are acceptable.B. T shw varius types f English.
C. T crrect a grammatical mistake.D. T encurage mre changes t languages.
71. What des the authr mstly want us t d in the last paragraph?
A. T learn t speak with ur lcal dialects.
B. T treasure the value f accents and dialects.
C. T have friends with different accents and dialects.
D. T have a better understanding f peple’s experiences.
72. What can be a suitable title fr this passage?
A. Everyne Has an AccentB. Standard English Is at Risk
C. Dialects Lead t MisunderstandingD. Accents Tell Everything abut Yu
【19】（2023上·湖北·高三校联考阶段练习）
Happiness, as I see it, cmprises five elements: spiritual well-being (meaning and purpse), physical well-being (nutritin, exercise), intellectual well-being (curisity, deep learning), relatinal well-being (kindness and genersity), and emtinal well-being (cultivating psitive emtins). As an interdependent aggregate f these five elements f SPIRE, happiness is abut much mre than experiencing pleasure.
As Aristtle put it, happiness is the ultimate purpse f life, meaning hw we spend ur everyday lives is ultimately guided by what we think wuld make us happier. This is nt a gd r a bad thing. It simply is, like the law f nature. Even peple wh are tirelessly wrking fr an imprtant cause, fr example, t get rid f wrld hunger, are ding it because they find their wrk meaningful. Meaning is an element f happiness.
One barrier t happiness has t d with the expectatin that happiness is an unbrken chain f psitive emtins. This expectatin, hwever, prevents peple frm experiencing happiness because painful emtins dn’t g away but grw strnger when we reject them.
The secnd barrier has t d with equating happiness with success. It’s a cmmnly held belief that happiness can be attained by achieving certain gals, like mney r fame. Peple tend t think if they finally find success, they will autmatically becme happy.
The third barrier has t d with the way peple pursue happiness. We want t be happy fr many reasns. After all, we are cnstantly tld that happiness is gd fr ur health, relatinships, and wrk utcmes. Yet, if I wake up in the mrning and decide t pursue happiness straight, I will becme less happy.
But hw? Indirectly. As is knwn, if yu lk up at the sun directly, yu’ll hurt yurself. But if yu take the same sun rays and break them dwn, yu’ll enjy the clrs f a rainbw. Similarly, pursuing happiness directly can hurt us; pursuing it indirectly—by breaking it dwn int smething like the SPIRE elements—can cntribute t ur well-being. Starting a meditatin practice, exercising, perfrming acts f kindness, learning smething new, r expressing gratitude fr what we have are all indirect ways f pursuing happiness.
73. What des the underlined wrd “aggregate” prbably mean in the first paragraph?
A. Cmbinatin.B. Cnclusin.C. Accumulatin.D. Assciatin.
74. What’s the authr’s attitude twards hw we spend ur daily lives?
A. Favrable.B. Suspicius.C. Objective.D. Indifferent.
75. What can we knw frm the text?
A. Being a success leads ne t happiness.
B. Refusing negative feelings helps us btain happiness.
C. Ging after happiness directly makes ne feel happy.
D. Pursuing ne aspect f SPIRE can bst ur well-being.
76. Why is the sun mentined in the last paragraph?
A. T make a cntrast.B. T make an analgy.
C. T cnclude the argumentatin.D. T answer the previus questin.
【20】（2022上·广东深圳·高三深圳中学校考期中）
Have yu ever wndered why ther peple dn’t see things the same way yu d? Isn’t it cnfusing that yu dn’t necessarily share the same viewpints even when yu cme frm the same family? Why can’t they just see it my way? The scientific explanatin cmes frm cgnitive (认知的) psychlgy; it’s a mental prcess knwn as infrmatin prcessing.
Frm a psychlgical perspective, yu have yur wn internal set f cre values, memries, and quality f emtin. With every external event yu experience, the infrmatin cmes in and is filtered (过滤) thrugh yur emtins, memries, and values. Hw yu “see” yurself, thers, and the wrld yu live in will be flavred by what yu’ve experienced r believe t be true. In ther wrds, yu dn’t see things as they are — yu see things as yu are.
Yu have a prcess fr filtering infrmatin and it may strike yu as being dd, t say the least, when thers dn’t subscribe t the same beliefs, thughts, and pinins. What if yu cnsidered, even fr just a mment, that what yu are perceiving is nly ne pssibility — and that there are several ther ways t interpret a situatin?
In every walk f life, yu find yurself defending yur beliefs, arguing fr hw yu remember smething that happened, and psitining yurself t influence thers t see things yur way. But what if yu’re missing the imprtant pint that yur differences are what make life clrful? Thse differences are what stimulate yur mind and emtins. Withut differences, life wuld be dull. There wuld be n “aha” mment if yu knew everything. There wuld be n inspiratin in the frm f art, music, petry, style, r cmmunicatin.
There will be times in yur life when bundaries may need t be enfrced with thers and, at the end f the day, yu want t feel understd and appreciated. Learning t hnr yur viewpints, while thers have their wn is vital fr cexisting in a wrld where every individual is perfectly unique.
77. Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in the text t play rle in infrmatin prcessing?
A. Experiences.B. Persnalities.C. Memry.D. Emtins.
78. Hw des the authr suggest yu handle the situatin, when divided pinins arise?
A. Insist n yur wn beliefs and values.B. Ignre what things actually are.
C. Listen t and fllw thers’ cmpletely.D. Respect bth yur and thers’ pinins.
79. What is the authr’s attitude twards individual differences?
A. Psitive.B. Negative.C. Cnfused.D. Surprised.
80. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. Why Nbdy Understands Yu?
B. Hw Cme Yu Are S Uniate?
C. Wh is Respnsible fr Disagreement?
D. What Makes Yu Think Yu’re Right?
【21】（2023上·山东·高三校联考期中）
Medical artificial intelligence(AI) can perfrm with expert-level accuracy and deliver cst-effective care. IBM’s Watsn diagnses heart disease better than dctrs d. Chatbts give better medical advice t patients in place f nurses. Smartphne apps can nw detect skin cancer. Sme frecast that medical AI will enter mst hspitals and replace what quite a few dctrs currently d. Yet, as recent researches suggest, patients shw a strng reluctance t medical AI—a big challenge the health care system will really face.
The reasn is nt the belief that Al prvides inferir care. Nr is it that patients think that AI is mre cstly, less cnvenient, r less infrmative. Rather, it seems that AI des nt take int accunt ne’s specific characteristics and circumstances. Peple view themselves as unique. By cntrast, they see AI medical care as inflexible and standardized-suited t treat an average patient but nt enugh t deal with unique individual circumstances. It is n wnder that medical AI prviders are given a cld welcme.
There are a number f steps that care prviders can take t vercme patients’ resistance t medical AI. Fr example, they can remve the cncerns abut being treated as an average patient by giving their recmmendatins specifically and uniquely. If s, patients in dubt wuld be as likely t fllw the treatment recmmendatins f the AI prvider as they wuld be t fllw thse f a human physician. In additin, health care prviders culd als deliver individualized health care by explaining hw the algrithms(算法) wrk and sharing patients’ reviews f the service with the media. Having a physician(医生) cnfirm the recmmendatin f an AI prvider shuld make peple mre receptive t Al-based care. Peple are cmfrtable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge f the final decisin.
AI-based health care technlgies are being develped and emplyed at an impressive rate, prviding better medical services fr the patients. But utilizing the full ptential f them will require that we first vercme patients’ skepticism.
81. Hw des the authr explain the uses f medical AI in paragraph ne?
A. By listing data.B. By ding experiments.
C. By giving examples.D. By making cmparisn.
82. What hlds back the wide applicatin f medical AI mst prbably?
A. Its high cst.B. Its misdiagnsis.
C. Its incnvenience.D. Its inflexibility.
83. What is suggested t make medical AI acceptable t patients?
A. Treating patients t be average.
B. Offering persnalized cure plans.
C. Updating the algrithms in time.
D. Keeping away frm the physician.
84. What des the underlined wrd “skepticism” prbably mean?
A. Distrust.B. Mystery.C. Fantasy.D. Criticism.
【22】（2023上·湖南·高三长郡中学校考阶段练习）
Parents have been urged t stp pretending Father Christmas is real in case the “lie” damages relatins with their children. Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.
Psychlgist Prfessr Christpher Byle and scial scientist Dr. Kathy McKay als criticize the idea emplyed by parents—Santa Claus judges children t be nice r naughty. Writing in a well-knwn jurnal, they argue, “If they are capable f lying abut smething s special and magical, can they be relied upn t cntinue as the guardians f wisdm and truth?”
Defending the claims, Prf Byle said, “The mrality f making children believe in such myths has t be questined. All children will eventually find ut they’ve been cnsistently lied t fr years, and this might make them wnder what ther lies they’ve been tld. Whether it’s right t make children believe in Father Christmas is an interesting questin, and it’s als interesting t ask whether lying in this way will affect children in ways that have nt been cnsidered.”
Dr. McKay, frm the University f New England in Australia, said there was clear evidence frm the wrld f make-believe in mvies and TV that adults lked fr a chance t be children again. “The persistence f fandm(影迷) in stries like Harry Ptter and Star Wars indicates their desire t briefly re-enter childhd,” she said. “Hwever,” she added, “if adults have been lying abut Santa, even thugh it has usually been well intentined, what else is a lie? If Santa isn’t real, are fairies real? Is magic? Is Gd?”
They cnclude, “Many peple may lng fr a time when imaginatin was accepted and encuraged, which may nt be the case in adult life. Might it be the case that the harshness f real life requires the creatin f smething better, smething t believe in, smething t hpe fr in the future r t return t a lng-lst childhd a lng time ag in a galaxy far far away?”
85. What did parents d that drew criticism frm Dr. Kathy McKay?
A. They were fnd f Harry Ptter and Star Wars.
B. They acted as the guardians f wisdm and truth.
C. They said Santa Claus culd judge a kid t be gd r bad.
D. They have tld many lies t their children besides Santa Claus.
86. What can be implied in the passage?
A. Parents are capable f making up stries abut Santa Claus.
B. Lies abut Santa Claus can have a negative impact upn children.
C. Stries abut Santa Claus develp children’s trust in their parents.
D. Experts think it right t make children believe in Father Christmas.
87. Why are adults fnd f watching fictinal mvies?
A. They desire t return t the lng-lst childhd.
B. Everything will becme better in mvies than in real life.
C. They want t get away frm pressure frm life and wrk.
D. They didn’t watch such exciting mvies when they were yung.
88. What is the authr’s attitude tward parents’ lying abut Santa Claus?
A. Psitive.B. Indifferent.C. Disappinted.D. Cncerned.
【23】（2023上·黑龙江牡丹江·高三牡丹江市第二高级中学校考期中）
We’re cnstantly sld the idea that technlgy is cming fr all f us. It’s ging t take ur jbs, and rbts are ging t becme ur rivals (对手). When it cmes t educatin—when kids can ggle anything they want t knw—why wuld we need teachers?
Teachers are still needed. Cmputers can’t mtivate (激励) children the way a gd teacher can. When we all think back n ur educatin, whatever ur age is, it’s always an utstanding persn wh helped us alng the way—nt a piece f technlgy.
That’s nt t say technlgy isn’t imprtant r isn’t valuable t a gd educatin. Remving technlgy altgether is just cnfusing fr students these days, wh are used t having phnes, tablets, laptps and s n utside f schl. Nt t have them in the classrm is making the gap between schl and the real wrld widen and des nthing t prepare them fr life after schl.
In additin, if we are ging t give teachers extra respnsibility, such as putting new technlgies int the classrm, we need t give them extra supprt. If every child r grups f children in the classrm have tablets r laptps t use in class exercises, there needs t be additinal teaching supprt t help ut when children have questins r t make sure they’re using the technlgy fr the intended learning result. Again, it’s imprtant t stress the value f enugh training pprtunities fr teachers t use technlgy s they can feel cnfident in their classrms as well as find jy in learning new ways t teach!
89. What is the purpse f Paragraph 1?
A. T list a fact.B. T give an example.
C. T make a cmparisn.D. T lead in a tpic.
90. Why is it unwise t remve technlgy frm a classrm?
A. It lets students learn little.B. It influences students’ attentin.
C. It makes classes uninteresting.D. It harms students’ develpment.
91. What plays the key rle in using new technlgy at schl?
A. Updating the equipment f classrms.B. Increasing technlgy sense f students.
C. Training technlgy skills f teachers.D. Getting the lcal gvernment’s supprt.
92. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. Technlgy can’t replace teachers.B. Technlgy helps students with skills.
C. Technlgy is essential in mdern life.D. Technlgy can’t g hand in hand with teachers.
【24】（2023上·江苏南京·高三南京市中华中学校考阶段练习）
When drnes (无人机) first became widely available arund 15 years ag, it wasn’t uncmmn t find tech peple painting dramatic pictures f hw they were sn ging t change the wrld. Hwever, if yu lk up int the largely empty sky, yu can see that hasn’t happened yet.
Sure, drnes are useful fr taking aerial (空中的) phts, but we’re a lng way away frm aerial superhighways, packed with autnmus drnes carrying parcels at speeds that are near-impssible n the grund.
In 2016, Amazn annunced it had cmpleted its first ever aerial delivery. In a vide, we saw an Amazn “Prime Air” drne pick up a parcel and fly it acrss the cuntryside landing in the buyer’s garden, drpping the parcel, and then returning t its hme base. But Amazn still hasn’t cmpleted its secnd drne delivery. In fact, it has reprtedly dwnsized the drne prgram.
S, will drne delivery ever be a thing? There are sme indicatins f a pssible drne delivery future nt in Britain, but in Africa. Because als since 2016, rural hspitals in Rwanda have been receiving regular shipments f medical supplies by drne thanks t a cmpany called Zipline. It surely has saved lives, thanks t the speed at which bld can be delivered in a cuntry with a prly develped rad netwrk. S culd we ever expect such a system here?
Unfrtunately, there’s a big difference between rural Africa and thickly ppulated Britain. British hmes dn’t have large gardens where t land and nbdy wants lud large drnes cnstantly landing arund the neighburhd. Anther reality is that British cities may still have security and safety cncerns abut rutinely having drnes carrying stuff ver ur heads.
That’s why I wnder if the real drne future culd be crawling (爬) alng the grund. Fr a few years, “autnmus delivery rbts” with wheels have been walking n the pavements. S perhaps we’re nt s far away frm a drne delivery future, but the reality might be a little bit mre dwn t earth.
93. What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Drnes are widely used in daily life.
B. Drnes have made delivery efficient.
C. Drnes are designed t take aerial phts.
D. Drnes haven’t changed the wrld as expected.
94. Why des the authr mentin Zipline’s drne delivery?
A. T explain the prcess f drne delivery.
B. T stress the prfits brught by drne delivery.
C. T discuss the pssibility f a drne delivery future.
D. T shw its advantages ver Amazn’s drne delivery.
95. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. The security and safety cncerns abut drnes.
B. The ways that British peple react t drne delivery.
C. The differences between African cuntries and Britain.
D. The reasns why drne delivery isn’t suitable fr Britain.
96. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Drne Delivery Future: Pie in the SkyB. A Bright Future fr Drne Delivery
C. Change the Wrld with DrnesD. Drne Applicatins at Risk Wrldwide
【25】（2023上·云南昆明·高三昆明市第三中学校联考期中）
Peple ften plan t receive medical exam but dn’t, resulting in increasing health care cst. A surprising number f citizens mean t cmplete tax frms in time but frget t, pushing them t pay unnecessary fines. Many families miss the gvernment deadline t cmplete financial aid frms, lsing ut n aid available fr child care.
Hw can plicymakers help peple fllw thrugh n imprtant tasks? They use carrts and sticks: bnuses, late fees, r regulatins. These methds can be clumsy, and ften aren’t effective fr the situatin at hand. Reminding peple t frm simple plans. hwever, prvides a lw-cst, simple, and pwerful tl.
Evidence is grwing that prviding prmpts (提示) , which push peple at key times t think thrugh hw and when they will fllw thrugh, make peple mre likely t act n tasks f imprtance. In ne early randmized (随机的) study n vaccinatin (预防接种) rates, fr example, a team f scial psychlgists shwed that 28% f Oxfrd University senirs gt the sht after being encuraged t review their weekly schedules and t select a pssible time t stp by the health center. They were als given a list f times when shts were available and a map shwing the health center’s lcatin. Only 3% f the senirs gt the sht when simply infrmed abut hw effective the shts were.
Peple wh make a plan gain an advantage frm their psychlgical frces. Specifically, they can vercme the tendency t put ff as well as the tendency t be verly ptimistic abut the time it will take t accmplish a task.
Peple mistakenly believe that their strng intentins are enugh t push them t perfrm desired behavirs. These psychlgical research results stress the need fr plicy decisins that encurage plan making and imprve scial welfare.
97. What phenmenn is described in paragraph 1?
A. Heavy stress f daily chres.B. Shrt f task management skills.
C. Disappintment f ver-cnfidence.D. Failure t achieve riginal plans.
98. What des the randmized vaccinatin study shw?
A. Peple need t think deeply befre they act.
B. Specific reminders help peple accmplish plans.
C. Awareness f task imprtance matters in planning.
D. Senirs need encuragement t have vaccinatin shts.
99. What psychlgical benefit can peple get frm making a plan?
A. They are realistic in the time requiredB. They are ptimistic abut the results.
C. They are cnfident t vercme difficultiesD. They are careful with task arrangements.
100. Wh may be the intended readers f this text?
A. Medical staff.B. Gvernment fficials.
C. Ordinary peple.D. Scial psychlgists.
【26】（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）
We humans are in truble. We have let lse a new evlutinary prcess that we dn’t understand and can’t cntrl.
The latest leaps frward in artificial intelligence (AI) are rightly causing anxiety. Yet peple are respnding as thugh AI is just ne mre scary new technlgy, like electricity r cars nce were. We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.
My thinking starts frm the premise that all design anywhere in the universe is created by the evlutinary algrithm (算法). This is the prcess in which sme kind f infrmatin is cpied many times, the cpies vary slightly and nly sme are selected t be cpied again. The infrmatin is called the replicatr (复制者), and ur mst familiar example is the gene.
But genes aren’t the nly replicatr, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. Peple cpy habits, stries, wrds, technlgies and sngs; we change, recmbine and pass them n in ever greater variety. This secnd replicatr, evlving much faster than genes ever culd, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish t.
As we face up t the recent explsin in AI, new questins arise. Culd a third replicatr take advantage f the first tw? And what wuld happen if it did?
Fr billins f years, all f the Earth’s rganisms were gene machines, until, abut 2 millin years ag, just ne species — ur ancestrs — started imitating sunds, gestures and ways f prcessing fd. They had let lse a secnd replicatr and turned us int meme machines. Fllwing the same principle, culd a third replicatr appear if sme bject we made started cpying, varying and selecting a new kind f infrmatin?
It culd, and I believe it has. Our digital technlgy can cpy, stre and spread vast amunts f infrmatin with near-perfect accuracy. While we had mstly been the nes selecting what t cpy and share, that is changing nw. Mindless algrithms chse which ads we see and which news stries they “think” we wuld like. Once a digital replicatr takes ff, its prducts will evlve fr its wn benefit, nt urs.
All is nt lst, thugh. We already cpe with fast-evlving parasites such as viruses by using ur immune systems, machines and vaccines. Nw, we need t build ur cllective mental immunity, ur critical thinking and ur ability t prtect ur attentin frm all that selfish infrmatin. Taking lessns frm evlutin, we can stp imagining we are the cntrllers f ur accidentally dangerus ffspring and start learning hw t live with them.
101. As fr peple’s attitude tward AI, the authr is ____________.
A. disapprvingB. uncncerned
C. sympatheticD. tlerant
102. Accrding t the passage, Richard Dawkins may agree that ____________.
A. memes are cmpsed f selfish genesB. the speed f evlutin is underestimated
C. replicatrs vary with human interferenceD. memes and genes share a cmmn feature
103. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Technlgies can be duble-edged.
B. Cllective effrts make a better wrld.
C. We shuld live in harmny with nature.
D. Past experience is relevant t future actin.
104. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The pace f technlgical prgress is unstppable.
B. The initiative f algrithm shuld be strengthened.
C. The new evlutin can bring abut negative effects.
D. The artificial intelligence can satisfy ur real desires.
【27】（2022上·黑龙江鹤岗·高三鹤岗一中校考期中）
Mst parents are wrried the first time they catch their kids ut in a lie. Accrding t child and teen psychiatrist Gayani DeSilva, lying can actually be a sign f healthy develpment in yung children. “Kids lie fr many reasns, and much f it is nrmal,” DeSilva says. “Peple are nt brn with the knwledge f cmmunicating with thers and getting their needs met. They’ll experiment with different cmmunicatin styles and techniques until they find the nes that wrk best fr them. Lying is ne f thse techniques.”
As kids get lder, they becme mre aware f hw their actins affect thers, and many will lie less frequently. In spite f this, parents still need t lead their kids t frm a habit f nt lying. Accrding t DeSilva, when children lie, lk at them directly and ask what they need. After they tell yu, gently remind them that telling yu directly will be mre effective than lying.
It’s als a gd idea t mdel the behavir yu want t see in yur kids. In ther wrds, dn’t lie t yur children. This will set yu and yur children n a curse f pen cmmunicatin and trust.
In sme cases, lying is a sign f a deeper issue. A child wh is neglected will lie mre than a child wh has attentive and respnsive parents. He’s nt sure whether he’s lved. He may lie t please thers. The same ges fr a child wh has experienced smething unpleasant. He may lie t try t hide his shame, avid admitting his needs, r t cntrl his surrundings t ensure his safety.
By paying attentin t the reasns behind a lie, parents can figure ut what need t be dne. Fr example, while Jack might lie abut cmpleting his hmewrk in rder t play vide games, he als might be trying t avid negative feelings cnnected with schl wrk, and this is just where parents shuld start, says therapist Giden Javna.
105. What can be inferred abut lying frm DeSilva’s wrds?
A. It has certain benefits fr the healthy grwth f kids.
B. It shws the understanding between kids and parents.
C. It can be an effective means f cmmunicatin fr kids.
D. It is s cmmn fr kids that parents can cmpletely ignre it.
106. Hw can parents get their children t tell the truth?
A. By pretending t trust them at first.
B. By encuraging them t admit their needs.
C. By telling them directly the harm f lying.
D. By punishing them fr their lying in a safe way.
107. The authr mentined the tw kids in Paragraph 4 t shw _____________.
A. It’s cmmn fr children t lie
B. It’s imprtant t be a generus parent
C. lying can damage family relatinships
D. lying is a reflectin f ne’s mental truble
108. What shuld Jack’s parents d accrding t Javna?
A. Ask him t avid playing vide games.
B. Turn his attentin t ther psitive things.
C. Give him a secnd chance t finish hmewrk.
D. Listen t and help slve his prblem related t schl wrk.
【28】（2022上·广东东莞·高三东莞实验中学校考阶段练习）
As nline learning becmes mre cmmn and a mass f resurces are changed t digital frm, sme peple have suggested that public libraries shuld be shut dwn and everyne shuld be given an iPad with an e-reader subscriptin (订阅). They believe that it will save lcal cities and twns mney, prvide mre materials and encurage mre peple t read.
Hwever, it wuld be a serius mistake t replace libraries with tablets (平板电脑). First, digital bks and resurces are related t less learning and mre prblems than print resurces. A study fund that peple read 20-30% slwer n tablets, keep 20% less infrmatin, and understand 10% less f what they read. Additinally, staring t lng at a screen has been shwn t cause mre health prblems than reading print des.
Secnd, it is incredibly narrw-minded t believe that the nly service libraries ffer is bk lending. Libraries have lts f benefits, and many are nly available if the library has a physical lcatin. Sme f these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving peple a way t cmmunicate with their neighbrs, hlding classes n a variety f tpics, prviding jbs, answering visitr questins, and keeping the cmmunity cnnected. One neighbrhd fund that, ver a third f residents reprted feeling mre cnnected t their cmmunity after a series f lcal library instituted cmmunity events. Similarly, a survey cnducted in 2015 fund that nearly tw-thirds f American adults feel that clsing their lcal library wuld have a majr effect n their cmmunity.
While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple slutin, it wuld encurage peple t spend even mre time lking at digital screens and end access t many f the benefits f libraries. In many areas, libraries are such an imprtant part f the cmmunity netwrk that they culd never be replaced by a simple bject.
109. Which f the fllwing may digital reading supprters agree?
A. Libraries cst twns r cities t much mney.
B. IPads make peple’s learning less cnvenient.
C. Printed bks are mre efficient than digital nes.
D. Digital bks ffer mre answers than libraries.
110. Hw des the writer explain learning prblems caused by digital bks?
A. By telling a stry.B. By using sme data.
C. By describing a scene.D. By ding an experiment.
111. Why d peple prefer physical libraries?
A. They can read mre bks there.B. They can have a persnal space fr study.
C. They can take sme exercises in them.D. They can feel clser t their neighbrs.
112. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T infrm the residents f activities held in libraries.
B. T advertise an effective way t subscribe t e-reader.
C. T argue that libraries shuldn’t be replaced by tablets.
D. T present the reasns f nt using tablets in libraries.
【29】（2022上·宁夏中卫·高三中宁一中校考阶段练习）
When smething ges wrng, it can be very satisfying t say, “Well, it’s s-and-s’s fault.” r “I knw I’m late, but it’s nt my fault; the car brke dwn.” It is prbably nt yur fault, but nce yu frm the habit f blaming (责怪) smebdy r smething else fr a bad situatin, yu are a lser. Yu have n pwer and culd d nthing that helps change the situatin. Hwever, yu can have great pwer ver what happens t yu if yu stp fcusing n whm t blame and start fcusing n hw t imprve the situatin. This is the winner’s key t success.
Winners are great at vercming prblems. Fr example, if yu were late because yur car brke dwn, maybe yu need t have yur car examined mre regularly. Or, yu might start t carry alng with yu the useful phne numbers, s yu culd call fr help when in need. Fr anther example, if yur c-wrker causes yu prblems n the jb fr lack f respnsibility r ability, find ways f dealing with his irrespnsibility r inability rather than simply blame the persn. Ask t wrk with a different persn, r dn’t rely n this persn. Yu shuld accept that the persn is nt reliable and find creative ways t wrk successfully regardless f(不管) hw yur c-wrker fails t d his jb well.
This is what being a winner is all abut — creatively using yur skills and talents s that yu are successful n matter what happens. Winners dn’t have fewer prblems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situatins t face as anybdy else. They are just better at seeing thse prblems as challenges and pprtunities t develp their wn talents. S, stp fcusing n “whse fault it is.” Once yu are cnfident abut yur pwer ver bad situatins, prblems are just stepping stnes fr success.
113. What can we learn abut winners?
A. They have respnsible and able c-wrkers.
B. They blame themselves rather than thers.
C. They fcus n slving prblems.
D. They seldm meet with difficulties in life.
114. Hw des the authr mainly prve his view?
A. By giving examples.B. By making cmparisn.
C. By prviding research results.D. By using pinins frm thers.
115. What d prblems mean t winners?
A. Excuses fr their failures.B. Chances fr self-develpment.
C. Challenges t their c-wrkers.D. Keys t the final success.
116. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. A Winner’s AchievementB. A Winner’s Prblem
C. A Winner’s OpprtunityD. A Winner’s Secret
【30】（2023上·吉林四平·高三统考期中）
Cntrary t ppular pinin, the scientific pursuit fr knwledge is nt a predictable and well-defined prcess. T make new discveries, researchers need the freedm t be creative, fail, and learn by chance. There is the rmantic idea f the scientist wh has an Eureka mment (顿悟时刻) and suddenly arrives at new insights. Anther impressin is that research nly invlves frmal steps. Neither f thse ideas is crrect.
“Science and art are tw different ways t make smething understandable r imaginable,” says Bichemistry Prfessr Dlf Weijers. “Frm the utside, the research prcess lks very frmal and the artistic prcess lks smewhat messy. But the scientific prcess can als unfld (展开) in an unpredictable way. Creative and assciative thinking is very imprtant fr scientists t gain insight and make cnnectins.”
There is an intersectin (交叉点) between science and art. This is why Wageningen scientists lk t artists fr inspiratin and exchange ideas abut hw t amplify creative freedm. Weijers and his clleague Jris Sprakel, tgether with ther scientists and artists, have designed a plan t learn frm each ther and t exchange ideas. One example is the recent and special prject in which they measured the frces that act n plant cells. A mlecular (分子) sensr was used t visualise the different frces. They revealed the results in clurful images, each representing a different frce.
What science and art als have in cmmn is that they are tpics f discussin in sciety. There are peple wh say that they d nt value art and peple wh mistrust science. “It ften creates the wrng impressin because nly the results f scientific studies are presented, and peple d nt have any insight int the artistic prcess leading t discvery. As a scientist, yu are criticised if yu say that smething is different a few years later. Then yu are viewed as unreliable. But what is ften prly understd is that there are n final results in science,” says Weijers.
117. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The views n science research.B. The purpse f science research.
C. The hardship f science research.D. The attitude t science research.
118. What can we knw frm Weijers’s view?
A. Scientists shuld have creative and assciative thinking.
B. The artistic prcess is t messy t be used in research.
C. The scientific prcess always unflds in an unpredictable way.
D. The research prcess and the artistic prcess are ttally different.
119. What des the underlined wrd “amplify” mean in the third paragraph?
A. Refuse.B. Detect.C. Increase.D. Imply.
120. Why des the authr mentin Weijers’s research n plant cells?
A. T stress the imprtance f thinking freely.
B. T display the beauty f clurful images.
C. T present the findings f his recent prject.
D. T shw the cnnectin between science and art.年份
卷次
主题语境
题型分类
2023年
全国乙卷
人与社会：物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
2022年
全国甲卷
人与社会：悉尼发展中面临的问题
1个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
2021年
全国甲卷
人与社会：“天才”有很多种形式
1个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
全国乙卷
人与社会：固定电话是非必需品
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
文章类型
演绎论证议论文
是从已知的原理规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。
归纳论证议论文
是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。
比较论证议论文
是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的方法。
结构
结构一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为
结构二：提出问题，分析问题，回答（解决）问题
结构三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
解题技巧
1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。
2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。
3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。
做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。