专题27 中国冰城的风味-2024届高考英语时文阅读外刊精选精练

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专题27
中国冰城的风味
【原文·外刊阅读】
China’s Ice City’s melting pt f flavrs welcmes turists
（文章来源：Glbal Times）
With the winter turism bm in Harbin, Nrtheast China's Heilngjiang Prvince, it's nt just the stunning ice and snw scenery that's drawing turists frm all ver the cuntry. The lcal cuisine is als causing a stir n the internet. Turists acrss the cuntry are sharing their fd diaries abut Harbin n scial netwrks, praising it fr its generus prtins, satisfying flavrs, and dwn-t-earth taste. Harbin's cuisine is a delightful fusin, shaped by the city's histrical and gegraphical cntext.
Heavily influenced by neighbring cuntry Russia and the influx f settlers frm prvinces such as East China's Shandng Prvince in East China, Central China's Henan Prvince and Nrth China's Hebei Prvince, this cultural melting pt has given rise t a culinary scene that beautifully cmbines Eastern and Western flavrs.
Dmestic fusin
During the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), a mass migratin started. Peple frm areas like Shandng, Henan and Hebei prvinces migrated t Nrtheast China, a regin with large areas f uncultivated land. The migrants als brught their culture and language t the land, while the immigrants brught a variety f culinary styles t Harbin, enriching its fd culture. Befre this migratin, the lcal diet f the ethnic majrity in the Nrtheast fcused primarily n meat with fewer grain-based fds. The arrival f ethnic Han Chinese settlers intrduced their fd habits and agricultural practices t the area, significantly diversifying the lcal diet.
The fusin f culinary practices led t a blend f ethnic Manchu and Han Chinese fd cultures, creating a unique culinary style which cmbined the distinct flavrs f Manchu dishes like barbecue, ht pt, and stew with Han Chinese cking styles like braising, frying, and stir-frying. Fr example, Gu Ba Ru, a classic Nrtheastern dish, riginated in Harbin in the early 1900s. Created by Chef Zheng Wen fr Russian dignitaries visiting during the Qing Dynasty, its unique flavr prfile, featuring a sweet and sur sauce adapted fr Russian tastes, shwcases the fusin f Eastern and Western influences.
The prk used in Gu Ba Ru is typically sliced prk lin, which is cated in a starchy batter. The dish's sweet and sur sauce is a simple cmbinatin f white sugar and white vinegar, ften with a pinch f salt added t enhance the flavr. In Harbin, the traditinal way t prepare Gu Ba Ru invlves adding nly garlic t the dish, althugh variatins with additinal vegetables like carrts, ginger, scallins, leek, and cilantr are fund in ther parts f China. During cld winter days, lcal eateries are ften swamped by turists, queuing t taste an authentic gu ba ru. Harbin's prximity t Russia and its rle as a hub n the Trans-Siberian Railway brught a significant Russian influence t its cuisine.
A blend f East and West
The hearty, wheat-based Russian bread, knwn lcally as Da Lie Ba, similar t Russian black bread, is als cmmnly fund in Harbin. Turists ften express surprise at the size f these large laves, with sme playfully nting that they are bigger than their faces. Hng chang wuld be anther case in pint. The smked, garlic-flavred red sausage resembling Russian kielbasa. Readily available thrughut the city, it reflects Harbin's Eastern Eurpean influences.
Sme lcal residents even give ut hng chang fr free t turists, thus cntributing t the warm and welcming atmsphere f the city. "I was brn and raised in Harbin. Seeing s many turists cming frm all ver the cuntry t visit my hmetwn and supprt the city's turism makes me very prud. I feel that such a small act f kindness is just smething that I shuld d," said Yng Di, an influencer n Duyin with 115,00 fllwers wh was distributing Hng Chang samples.
Hng Chang was featured in multiple travel jurnals n scial media. A pst abut Hng Chang by Asun, a turist frm Suthwest China's Chngqing Municipality garnered nearly 150,000 likes and thusands f cmments. In the vide, Asun nted that a lt f Harbin lcals vlunteered t give free rides t turists.
When he drpped them t the airprt at the end f their trip, he gave them sme hng chang as a suvenir, alng with a nte that said: "We are the messengers f the city's warmth. I lve my hmetwn. I lve yu friends wh travel frm afar t Harbin and I hpe yu lve Harbin back." As seen n scial media, the lcals' acts f genersity, cupled with Harbin's unique culinary fferings, leave a lasting impressin n turists. The city's warmth des nt just lie in its winter attractins, but als in the hspitality and flavrs that make Harbin a memrable destinatin.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What is the main influence n Harbin's cuisine accrding t the article?
A. Japanese culinary practices.
B. The culinary practices f Sutheast Asian cuntries.
C. Russian and Chinese culinary practices.
D. Western Eurpean culinary practices.
【答案】C
【解析】
文章提到哈尔滨的烹饪受到邻近国家俄罗斯和中国不同省份的移民文化的影响，形成了东西方口味的融合。故选C项。
2.What is the rigin f the dish Gu Ba Ru, and hw des it shwcase the fusin f Eastern and Western influences?
A. It riginated in Russia and shwcases Russian culinary traditins.
B. It riginated in Harbin during the Qing Dynasty fr Russian dignitaries, and its flavr prfile adapted fr Russian tastes reflects the fusin f Eastern and Western influences.
C. It has ancient Chinese rigins and has been influenced by Western cking methds.
D. It riginated during the Qing Dynasty but has n cnnectin t Russian influences.
【答案】B
【解析】
文章提到Gu Ba Ru这道菜起源于清朝时期，由厨师郑文为俄罗斯贵宾创造，其独特的风味，为了迎合俄罗斯口味而调整的甜酸酱汁，展示了东西方影响的融合。故选B项。
3.What impact did migratin during the late Qing Dynasty have n Harbin's fd culture?
A. It led t a decline in the lcal diet.
B. It resulted in the dminance f meat-based fds.
C. It diversified the lcal diet by intrducing new culinary styles and practices.
D. It had n significant impact n Harbin's fd culture.
【答案】C
【解析】
文章提到晚清时期的大规模移民将不同地区的文化和语言引入东北，丰富了哈尔滨的食物文化，使其变得多样化。故选C项。
【精选·名校好题】
Ⅰ
（2023·浙江高三联考）There are clse t 7, 000 languages spken n Earth. Hwever, it’s estimated that by the end f this century, up t 50% f them may be lst.
It’s cmmnly thught that majrity languages tend t be valued fr being useful and fr prmting prgress, while minrity languages are seen as barriers t prgress, and the value placed n them is seen mainly as sentimental (感情用事的). But is sentimentality really the nly mtivatin fr preserving language diversity?
Speakers f endangered languages ften live in remte areas with unique landfrm. It is quite cmmn fr these languages t distinguish between hundreds mre types f plants and animals than thse knwn t mdern science. Fr example, in Sutheast Asia, sme tribes have discvered the medicinal prperties f ver sixty-five hundred plant species. This has led t many f landmark achievements in medicine.
It was nce believed that the limits f ne’s language defined the limits f ne’s thught. This thery, called the Sapir-Wharf hypthesis (假说), has been largely rejected in favr f the imprved versin, which assumes that the language we speak des nt set the limits f ur thughts, but it des direct ur fcus in certain ways. Fr example, English is a tense-based language. It’s nearly impssible t talk abut ding smething withut specifying the time — i. e. I went t the party(past), I’m ging t the party(present), r I’ll g t the party (future). This differs frm Chinese, where it’s perfectly reasnable t say, “I g t the party” withut defining the “when”. Thus, part f the richness f language is that it allws us t rganize the wrld in s many unique ways.
Sme languages categrize the wrld in ways s different frm ur wn that they are difficult t cnceptualize (概念化). The United States emplyed native Navaj speakers t create a system f message cding during the Secnd Wrld War. The Japanese were never able t break it, and the “cde talkers” are ften cited tday as having helped decide the utcme f the war.
As we’ve already seen, minrity languages are valuable fr many practical reasns. In cnclusin, I’d say the shrt answer is yes — dying languages are certainly wrth saving!
1．What d peple tend t think f minrity languages?
A．Valueless.B．Time-hnred.C．Infrmal.D．Stable.
2．Hw can we benefit frm endangered languages accrding t the authr?
A．We can discver drugs in a much safer way.
B．We dn’t have t rely n mdern medicine.
C．We can acquire a brad knwledge f nature.
D．We can learn hw t prtect plants and animals.
3．Why des the authr mentin the Secnd Wrld War?
A．T crrect the Sapir-Wharf hypthesis.
B．T prve the value f minrity languages.
C．T shw wars’ rle in preserving a language.
D．T explain ways t cnserve sme languages.
4．What wuld be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Are majrity languages wrth valuing?
B．Are we willing t save dying languages?
C．Shuld endangered languages be saved?
D．Is the future f minrity languages bright?
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了少数语言以及一些濒危的语言被看作是感情用事，但却举例论证濒危的语言对社会在历史上以及现在带来的好处。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s cmmnly thught that majrity languages tend t be valued fr being useful and fr prmting prgress, while minrity languages are seen as barriers t prgress, and the value placed n them is seen mainly as sentimental (感情用事的). (人们普遍认为，多数语言往往因有用和促进进步而受到重视，而少数语言则被视为进步的障碍，对它们的重视主要被视为感情用事的。)”可知，少数语言被视为进步的障碍，是没有价值的，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Fr example, in Sutheast Asia, sme tribes have discvered the medicinal prperties f ver sixty-five hundred plant species. This has led t many f landmark achievements in medicine. (例如，在东南亚，一些部落已经发现了6500多种植物的药用特性。这带来了医学上许多里程碑意义的成就。)”可知，一些濒危的语言可以帮助人们在特定的领域拓宽知识，故我们可以通过濒危的语言来拓宽自然的知识，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Sme languages categrize the wrld in ways s different frm ur wn that they are difficult t cnceptualize (概念化). The United States emplyed native Navaj speakers t create a system f message cding during the Secnd Wrld War. The Japanese were never able t break it, and the “cde talkers” are ften cited tday as having helped decide the utcme f the war. (一些语言以与我们截然不同的方式将世界分类，以至于很难将它概念化。二战期间，美国故用了以纳瓦霍语为母语的人来创建一个信息编码系统。日本人从来没能破解它，今天人们常常引用“密码通话员”，因为它帮助了决定这场战争的结果。)”可知，文章提到二战是为了证明纳瓦霍语在二战中起到的关键性的作用，使得日本人无法破解，从而带来了战争的胜利，故其是为了证明一些少数语言的价值，故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“It’s cmmnly thught that majrity languages tend t be valued fr being useful and fr prmting prgress, while minrity languages are seen as barriers t prgress, and the value placed n them is seen mainly as sentimental (感情用事的). But is sentimentality really the nly mtivatin fr preserving language diversity?( 人们普遍认为，多数语言往往因有用和促进进步而受到重视，而少数语言则被视为进步的障碍，对它们的重视主要被视为感情用事的。但是感情用事真的是保持语言多样性的唯一动机吗？)”可知，文章提出了少数语言以及一些濒危的语言被看作是感情用事，文章从第三段举例论证濒危的语言对社会在历史上以及现在带来的好处，故C项“濒危语言应该被保存下来吗？”符合文章标题，故选C。
Ⅱ
（2023·四川眉山高二统考）Wuldn’t it be wnderful t travel t a freign cuntry withut having t wrry abut the headache f cmmunicating in a different language?
In a recent Wall Street jurnal article, technlgy plicy expert A lec Rss argued that, within a decade r s. We’ll be able t cmmunicate with ne anther via small earpieces with built-in micrphnes. That’s because technlgical prgress is extremely rapid. It’s nly a matter f time. Indeed, sme parents are s cnvinced that this technlgy is imminent that they’re wndering if their kids shuld even learn a secnd language.
It’s true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy f the data laded int cmputers make them cleverer at translating “N es buen drmir much” as “It’s nt gd t sleep t much.” Replacing a wrd with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part f a translatr’s jb”. But even this seems t be a discuraging task fr cmputers.
It’s s difficult fr cmputers because translatin desn’t—r shuldn’t—invlve simply translating wrds, sentences r paragraphs. Rather, it’s abut translating meaning. And in rder t infer meaning frm a specific expressin, humans have t interpret a mass f infrmatin at the same time. Think abut all the related clues that g int understanding an expressin: vlume, gesture, situatin, and even yur culture. All are likely t cnvey as much meaning as the wrds yu use.
Therefre, we shuld dubt whether a machine is able t translate the wrld arund us. If peple frm different cultures can ffend each ther withut realizing it, hw can we expect a machine t d better? Unless engineers actually find a way t breathe a sul int a cmputer, undubtedly when it cmes t cnveying and translatin meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take ur place.
5．What des the underlined wrd “imminent” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Cnfusing.B．Appraching.C．Helpful.D．Advanced.
6．Why is it hard fr cmputers t replace a wrd with its equivalent (同义词)?
A．The real meaning f wrds can vary.
B．Their data is nt adequate (充足的) enugh.
C．Their accuracy needs big imprvement.
D．A sul hasn’t been breathed int them.
7．What view des the authr hld abut translatin?
A．Sme machines will translate ur wrld prperly.
B．Slight difference mean little in translatin.
C．Prper translatin can be tugh fr humans.
D．Cultures deserve mre attentin than wrds used.
8．What is the best title fr the text?
A．A new language translating machine
B．Will Language Barrier (障碍) Actually Fall?
C．Wh Will Be a Better Translatr?
D．Translatin will becme easier
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了不同语言转换的障碍与翻译之间的壁垒问题。
5．词义猜测题。根据画线单词后句“they’re wndering if their kids shuld even learn a secnd language”（他们想知道他们的孩子是否应该学第二语言）可知，家长们想知道对于孩子来说，学习第二语言是否还有必要，由此可知，他们一定是相信这项技术即将到来，才会产生这样的疑问，B项“即将到来”，与之相符。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段的“It’s s difficult fr cmputers because translatin desn’t—r shuldn’t—invlve simply translating wrds, sentences r paragraphs. Rather, it’s abut translating meaning. And in rder t infer meaning frm a specific expressin, humans have t interpret a mass f infrmatin at the same time.”（这对计算机来说是如此的困难，因为翻译不——或者不应该——只涉及翻译单词、句子或段落。相反，它是关于翻译意义的。为了从一个特定的表达中推断出意义，人类必须同时解释大量的信息。）可知，翻译不仅仅是翻译单词、句子或段落，而是要根据不同的语境来理解单词的意义，而在不同的场景或文化中，一个词的意义是不同的，是会发生变化的。由此可知，计算机很难用一个词来代替它的同义词，是因为词语的真正含义是可以随着不同的语境改变的。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“And in rder t infer meaning frm a specific expressin, humans have t interpret a mass f infrmatin at the same time.”（为了从一个特定的表达中推断出意义，人类必须同时解释大量的信息。）和最后一段关键句“If peple frm different cultures can ffend each ther withut realizing it, hw can we expect a machine t d better?”（如果来自不同文化背景的人在没有意识到的情况下会冒犯对方，我们怎么能指望机器做得更好呢？）可知，对于人类来说，翻译的同时还需要解释大量的信息，来自不同的文化背景的人，会因为翻译的不恰当而冒犯对方。由此推断，作者认为恰当的翻译对人类来说是困难的。故选C项。
8．主旨大意题。分析文章，结合第一段内容“Wuldn’t it be wnderful t travel t a freign cuntry withut having t wrry abut the headache f cmmunicating in a different language?”（去外国旅行而不用担心用另一种语言交流的头痛，不是很好吗？）和第二段的“In a recent Wall Street jurnal article, technlgy plicy expert A lec Rss argued that, within a decade r s. We’ll be able t cmmunicate with ne anther via small earpieces with built-in micrphnes.( 在《华尔街日报》最近的一篇文章中，技术政策专家A lec Rss认为，在10年左右的时间里。我们将能够通过内置麦克风的小耳机彼此交流。)”以及下文内容可知，本文讨论的是随着科技的发展，人类是否可以依靠技术的力量解决语言的障碍。因此推断“Will Language Barrier (障碍) Actually Fall”意为“语言障碍真的会下降吗”为最佳标题，符合文章讨论的主题。故选B项。