【寒假作业】译林版2020 高中英语 高一寒假巩固提升训练 专题01 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态、过去将来时、主谓一致（知识讲解 高考必考题型练）-练习.zip

这是一份【寒假作业】译林版2020 高中英语 高一寒假巩固提升训练 专题01 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态、过去将来时、主谓一致（知识讲解 高考必考题型练）-练习.zip，文件包含专题01现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态过去将来时主谓一致知识讲解+高考必考题型练原卷版docx、专题01现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态过去将来时主谓一致知识讲解+高考必考题型练解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。


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一、现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
1.现在进行时的被动语态
(1)结构
⑵用法
①表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常有nw, at the mment等时间状语。
The questin is being discussed by them nw.
他们此刻正在讨论这个问题。
It is said that the water in the lake is nt being prtected at the mment.
据说，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
②表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。
Are the ld men being lked after by this nurse?
这些老人正由这个护士照看吗？
Wh is being selected fr the cming English speech cntest?
谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受挑选？
③表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always, cnstantly, ften等词连用，含有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。
I feel very surprised that the windw f ur classrm is ften being brken.
我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的窗户经常被打破。
He is always being, praised by the teacher.
他总是被老师表扬。
④现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。
现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行
的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词 hld,take 等)。
A birthday party is being held tnight.今晚将要举行一场生日晚会。
【温馨提示】
(1)现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为"be +介词(under/in/n)+名词"结构。
The tpic is under discussin (= is being discussed) at the meeting.
会上正在讨论这个问题。
The telephne is in use (=is being used) nw.
这部电话正在使用中。
The pictures are n display these days.
这些天这些画展正在展出中。
(2)短语动词的现在进行时变被动语态时,短语动词中的介词、副词不可省略。
The plan is being carried ut well.
计划进展顺利。
Make sure all patients are being taken care. f.
确保所有的病人都被很好地照料。
2.现在完成时的被动语态
(1)结构
(2)用法
①表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与already, yet, never, recently等副词及时间状语s far, by nw, up till nw, since等连用。
The rm has already been cleaned.
这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)
The prfessr hasn’t been sent fr yet.还没有派人去请教授。(现在应派人去请医生)
--Has her hmewrk been finished up till nw? 到目前为止，她的家庭作业完成了吗？
--Yes, it has. 是的，完成了。(工作不用再做了)
②表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与fr或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于hw lng引出的句子中。
The car has been repaired fr tw hurs.
这台车已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
Hw lng has the plan been carried ut?
这项计划已经实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施)
③用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已经完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
We’ll start as sn as the speech has been finished.
这演讲一完成我们就立即动身。
二.过去将来时
1 用法
过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
I thught Tm wuldn’t attend the evening party, but t my surprise, he came.
我原以为汤姆不会参加这个晚会，但是令我惊讶的是，他来了。
I tld Ann I shuld/ wuld return the bk in a few days.
我告诉过安，我将在几天后还书。
2 表示方法
(1)wuld/shuld +动词原形，wuld用于所有人称，shuld只用于第一人称。
Emily tld us that she wuld nt g with us, if it rained.
埃米莉告诉我们，如果下雨的话她就不和我们一起去了。
I telephned my father yesterday t ask what I shuld d next week.
我昨天给父亲打电话问我下周做什么。
【温馨提示】
"wuld +动词原形"也可表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。
When I was small, my mum wuld read me stries at night.
在我小的时候，妈妈常在晚上给我讲故事。
(2)was/were ging t d表示过去打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生的事。
I was ging t see Mr. Brwn the next day, but the appintment was cancelled.
我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的，但预约被取消了。
I thught it was ging t rain.
我想天要下雨了。
(3)was/were abut t d表示过去正要/即将做某事，一般不与时间状语连用。
When I gt there they were abut t leave.
我到那里的时候他们正要离开。
三.主谓一致
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词必须与其主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。
1 语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上必须一致,，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
(1)不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Much equipment abut the famus scientist has been purchased frm the Internet.
已经从网上购买了许多关于这位著名科学家的设备。
Every part is t be carefully checked befre they are put tgether.
组装之前,每一个部件都要仔细检查。
These bks are designed fr children under three years ld.
这些书是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。
(2)复合不定代词anyne, anything, smene, smebdy, smething, everyne, everybdy, everything, nbdy, nthing及不定代词either, each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Everyne f us is ready fr the sprts meeting.
我们每个人都为运动会做好准备了。
Everything here is in a cmplete mess, which drives peple crazy.
这里所有的事情都乱成一团,让人发疯。
(3)单个的动词不定式(短语)、v-ing(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Dancing t music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐跳舞使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
When we culd finish the task is nt knwn yet.
我们何时能完成这项任务还未知。
2 意义一致原则
这一原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。
意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况:
(1)and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。
The wner and the editr-in-chief f the newspaper are t attend the cnference.
这家报纸的业主和主编将参加这次会议。
The knife and frk is n the desk.
这套刀叉在桌子上。
The teacher and writer is ging t give us a talk.
那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次报告。
【温馨提示】
如果and连接两个"every/each +名词"的结构时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Every by and every girl in ur class has made great prgress.
我们班的每个男孩和女孩都取得了很大的进步。
(2)"all/mst/half/the rest/... + f +名词/代词"或"分数/百分数+名词/代词"作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rest f the buildings were easy t get t and the rest f his time was spent in enjying the beautiful scenes.
其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。
He gt back hme, finding that sme f the sugar was spilled n the flr.
他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。
(3)表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待,谓语动词常用单数形式。
Twenty kilmeters is quite a lng distance.
20千米是相当长的一段距离。
Fifty dllars was a large sum fr me at that time.
那时50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。
(4)集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
①有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如cattle, peple, plice等。
Hw many peple were at the meeting？
有多少人参加了会议？
The cattle are grazing at the ft f the hill.
牛群正在山脚下吃草。
②有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family, class, audience, team, grup, band, cmmittee(委员会)等。
My family is such a happy ne that many friends admire me a lt.
我的家庭很幸福，,很多朋友都很羡慕我。
When I called n her last Saturday evening, her whle family were watching TV.
当我上星期六晚上拜访她时，她全家都在看电视。
③有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clthing, equipment, furniture, jewellery, petry等。
The furniture in this rm has been made t rder.
这个房间的家具是定做的。
All their clthing is bright and attractive.
他们所有的衣服都颜色鲜艳,引人注目。
Their equipment has been shipped ahead f schedule.
他们的设备已提前运走了。
(5) "the +形容词/分词"表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The wunded were saved by the villagers at last.
最后，村民救了伤员。
3 就近原则
这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。
该原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
(1)either... r..,... r..., neither... nr..., nt nly... but als..., 等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。
Are yu r he gd at English？
是你还是他擅长英语？
Nt nly the students but als the teacher wants t g climbing.
不仅学生想去爬山,老师也想。
(1)there be 句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
There is a pen, tw bks and many pencils n the desk.
桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。
There are tw bks, a pen and many pencils n the desk.
桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。
1. 在使用现在完成时时，要注意现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
The big fire has been put ut.
大火已经被扑灭了。
The big fire was put ut tw hurs ag.
大火在两小时前被扑灭了。
2.was/ were abut t d / were /was t d / was/ were ding 的区别
①"Sb. be abut t d... when..."句型表示"某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……"。
I was abut t leave when smene kncked at the dr.
我正要离开，突然有人敲门。
②was/ were t d表示过去计划或安排将要做某事。
Mike said he was t finish the wrk in a week.
迈克说他打算一星期内完成这项工作。
③当was/were + ding用于过去将来时时,仅限于g, cme, leave, start, take ff等趋向性(短语)动词。
I didn’t knw they were cming.
我并不知道他们要来。
David was leaving fr Shanghai in a few days.
戴维几天以后要去上海。
3. 主谓一致中由as well as, alng with, tgether with, with, rather than, but, except, besides, in additin t, like, including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与(短语)介词前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as the students likes the singer.
老师和学生们都喜欢这个歌手。
Mike, alng with his friends, ges skating every Saturday.
每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
4. 单复数形式相同的名词作主语时,谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。
Every means has been tried.
每一个方法都试过了。
Nt all means are useful.
并非所有的方法都有用。
真题感知
1.(2023北京卷) Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as nes n punctuality (守时). I’m British. Sn after mving t Switzerland, I (thrw) a huse-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up exactly n time.
2．.(2023北京卷) Up t nw, China (establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
3. (2023∙全国甲卷短文改错)In the evening, when I take the walk in the schl garden, the singing f insects ______(becme) mre meaningful t me.
4. (2021·浙江高考) It desn’t impress like Gerge Washingtn’s plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, (prve)irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.
提升专练
一、单项选择
1.In recent years, a glbal campaign ______ by the Space Agency t prmte further develpment f the manned aviatin.
A．launchedB．has launchedC．was launchedD．has been launched
2.—Can yu see the flwers that ______ as presents fr yur mther’s birthday?
—Yes. They are s beautiful.
A．are buyingB．will buyC．have brughtD．have been bught
3.Michelangel, as well as sme ther artists, ________ as “artists” rather than “technicians”, which means art and technlgy have always been seen as tw separate things.
A．has been labellingB．have been labelling,
C．has been labelledD．have been labelled
4. —David, please turn ff the TV.
—But the TV ff already! The music is frm the radi.
A．is turnedB．has been turnedC．is being turnedD．will be turned
5.— “The ceremny has already started. ”
— “Lk! The flag is ________nw. ”
A．being raisedB．risenC．being rseD．raising
6. Lk! A snwman ________by the children in the yard nw.
A．is makingB．is t be made
C．has been makingD．is being made
7.The gray building is where the wrkers are living, and the white ne is where the spare parts _______.
A．are prducingB．are being prduced
C．prducedD．had been prduced
8.—Why is there s much nise in the classrm?
—A wnderful New-Year-Day party________there.
A．is heldB．is hldingC．hldsD．is being held
9.Advances ________ in medicine and envirnment s far, thanks t increasing cmputer pwer. In additin, new prducts in virtual reality and wearable tech ________ t the market mre and mre quickly.
A．have made; have been brughtB．have been made; are being brught
C．were made; are being brughtD．are being made; have been brught
10． I ________ fr Tmmy, but I changed my mind and vted fr Michelle.
A．was ging t vteB．wuld vteC．have vtedD．vted
11． Twenty years ag, n ne imagined technlgy the way peple make friends significantly in the years t cme.
A．changedB．has changedC．wuld changeD．had changed
12． Brke knew that she ______ time t finish her hmewrk by tmrrw.
A．will nt haveB．wuld nt haveC．d nt haveD．can nt have
13． At first, Ryan’s plan was just t build a single well smewhere in Africa and he didn’t expect that he ________ such a great difference t peple’s lives.
A．madeB．has madeC．wuld makeD．had made
14．The students were tld that they ________at the schl gate at 2:00 the fllwing afternn.
A．metB．will meetC．were t meetD．were met
15. Margret prmised that she ________ a gift when she went back t Washingtn.
A．will sendB．wuld sendC．had sentD．was sending
二、单句语法填空
1.On July 8th, 2023, the Olympic Cuncil f Asia annunced that Harbin (hld) the 9th Asian Winter Games in 2025.
2.He prmised me that he (help).
3.Mther Bird ften wrried frm day t day her baby (be) full-grwn very sn.
4.The family wndered hw he (react) t the shcking news after he was tld abut it.
5.Susan tld me last night that she (g) t Spain next mnth t further her study.
6.He said he (be) ninety years ld in tw years.
7.He prmised that he (aplgy) t me fr making such a fl mistake tmrrw.
8.He pened his muth as if he (say) smething.
9.He tld me that he (take) the final examinatin the next Thursday.
10.He said that he (vlunteer) t teach kids in the rphanage after he graduated frm university.
11.My yunger brther said that he (be) thankful if I helped him with his hmewrk.
12.Uncle Sam said he (attend) my birthday party, but he didn’t turn up.
13.I had t make imprtant decisins that wuld (effect)me fr the rest f my life.
14.--He left fr Beijing this mrning.
--Oh, I thught he (nt g) until next week.
15.Our teacher said that there (be) an English exam the next week.
16.The scientists said the grwth f the wrld’s ppulatin (slw) dwn in the future.
17.The three emplyees said they (nt g)back t wrk until they gt higher pay.
18.I was tld that he (be) ging t return hme.
19.Betty said she (visit) the Great Wall the next Saturday.
20.They never knew that ppulatin (becme) a big prblem.
21.Traditinal flk arts f Tianjin like paper cutting (shw) at the culture exhibitin at present.
22.He was badly injured in the accident last night and (perate) n nw.
23.Wuld yu please keep quiet? The weather reprt (bradcast).
24.A new stadium (build) here. They hpe t finish it next week.
25.I can’t stand the nise frm the cnstructin site. A shpping mall (cnstruct) there.
26.Mre than a dzen crnavirus vaccines (疫苗) (test) n human vlunteers at the mment.
27.Althugh the causes f cancer (uncver), we d nt yet have any practical way t prevent it.
28.The prject t make a new hme fr pandas at present. (develp)
29.--I dn’t suppse the plice knw wh did it.
--Well, surprisingly they d. A man has been arrested and (questin) nw.
30.It’s said that her paintings (shw)at the gallery nw.
31.Since these technlgies can imprve efficiency by mre than 50%, they (apply) t the industrial prcess in a cmprehensive manner in the past few years.
32.Three wmen and their children (rescue) frm the burning huse by the firemen since the fire brke ut.
33.Up t nw, mre and mre prblems abut children (pay) attentin t. We find it cmmn that parents and children lack cmmunicatin.
34.With the help f high technlgy, mre and mre new substances(物质) (discver) in the past years. (
35.The new technlgy, which (apply) t rice grwing since it was created, is increasing the grain utput.
36.The bk (translate) int thirty languages since it came n the market in 1973.
37.Thanks t the new technlgy, csts (reduce) by 30% ver the past year.
38.The case (investigate) fr ver six weeks.
39.Up t nw, a large number f schls (build) in this area.
40.Prfessr Yang (invite) t the film festival twice s far.
41.Great changes (take) place in my hmetwn and a lt f factries (set) up in the past ten years.
42.S many things (d) t save the lcal wildlife, such as setting up reserve and making laws.
43.Up t nw, mre than 360 acupuncture pints (identify).
44.The histrical influence f the explratin in every perids (cmment) s far.
45Landslides and earthquakes (claim) mre than 1.6 millin lives in the last hundred years.
46.He is a little by, but he (behaviur) as if he were an adult.
47.We (debate) whether t lwer the age f club membership t 18 nw. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48.Yu eat her fd, enjy her hspitality and then (criticism) her behind her back. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49.Listening, which is an active behavir f human beings, (cnsist)f hearing, understanding as well as remembering.
50. He (leave) fr Lndn in tw hurs t attend an imprtant meeting.
51. The schl she is lking frward t (be) the ne with a histry f 100 years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
52. S far Li Mei (cmpete) in the Olympic Games twice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
53.Yesterday the invitatin t the party (turn) dwn by Linda because she had anther plan.
54.As yu diverse cultures, yu may feel transprted thrugh time and space. (expse)
55.The bk The Dream f the Red Mansins ______(recgnize) as a great wrk f literature.
56.I (finish) my hmewrk, s I can g t the cinema.
57.The plice drew the cnclusin that the driver rather than the cuples (be) respnsible fr the traffic accident.
58. Linda bught a new telephne yesterday, which (shape) like a cat.
59.The path befre yu (lead) t a wrld full f challenges: a new envirnment, new knwledge, and new ways f thinking.
60.--The mvie starts at 8:30,s we can have a quick bite at 7:20.
--______(sund) great! See yu tmrrw.
Ⅱ句型转换
1.The little by tk gd care f this bk because it was his favrite ne. (用被动语态改写)

2.Lucy likes jgging, but she likes playing basketball better. (同义句转换)
Lucy playing basketball jgging.
3. My parents gt married 15 years ag.(改为同义句)
My parents married fr 15 years.
4. There’s always smething exciting t d.(用定语从句改写句子)

5. We have t take anther rad because this rad is under repair. (同义句转换)
→We have t take anther rad because this rad .
6. Scientists are researching the side effects f the new drug. (将句子改为被动语态)

7. The mther is happy t see that the teachers are taking gd care f her little daughter in the kindergarten. (将句子改为被动语态)

8.We are making preparatins fr the interview that will be held the day after tmrrw. (将句子改为被动语态)

9. Since yu have finished yur wrk, yu can have a rest nw. (句式转换)
→Since yur wrk , yu can have a rest nw.
10. They have translated the bk int mre than twenty languages. (句式转换)
→ int mre than twenty languages.
11.We have made cnsiderable use f these data. (改写被动句)

12.They have painted the windws white. (改写被动句)

13.Mm said t me, “Will yu first have supper r finish yur hmewrk?”(变间接引语)

14.Tm said, “I’m ging t d mre research n the prblem.” (变间接引语)

15.“Will scientists discver new species there?” Bb asked Laura.(改为间接引语)
Bb asked Laura scientists discver new species there.
16.Jhn said, “Tmrrw I’m ging t attend this party.” (同义句转换)
→Jhn said (that) the next day attend this party.
目录
考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
常考考点
真题举例
过去将来时的构成
2023北京卷
主谓一致
2023北京卷
主谓一致
2023全国甲卷
现在完成时的主动语态和被动语态的区别
2021浙江高考
肯定式
主语+ am/is/are being dne +其他.
否定式
主语+am/is/ are nt being dne +其他.
一般疑问式
Am/Is/ Are +主语+ being dne +其他?
特殊疑问式
特殊疑问词+ am/is/are(+主语)+ being dne +其他?
肯定式
主语+ have/has been dne +其他.
否定式
主语+ have/has nt been dne +其他.
一般疑问式
Have/Has +主语+been dne +其他？
特殊疑问式
特殊疑问词+ have/has +主语+ been dne +其他？
动作发生的时间
可对现在有无影响
一般过去时的被动语态
过去
无
现在完成时的被动语态
过去
有