资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩8页未读，
继续阅读
北京市朝阳区2024届高三上学期期中考试英语
展开
这是一份北京市朝阳区2024届高三上学期期中考试英语，文件包含精品解析北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷原卷版docx、精品解析北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共33页， 欢迎下载使用。
（考试时间90分钟 满分100分）
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用 （共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Last night was the last game fr my sn’s sccer team. Everyne in the team had trained very hard fr it and thus cnfidently expected a big win.
It was the final quarter. The scre was tw t ne, my sn’s team in the___1___. Parents encircled the field, ffering encuragement. With less than ten secnds remaining, the ball rlled in frnt f my sn’s teammate, Mickey O’Dnnell. With shuts f “___2___it!” acrss the field, Mickey tk the chance and gave it everything he had. All rund me the crwd erupted. He had___3___!
Hwever, everyne realized immediately that Mickey did it, but in the___4___gal, ending the game in a draw. Fr a mment there was ttal___5___. The air seemed t be at a standstill. Yu see, Mickey has Dwn’s syndrme, a cnditin in which a persn is brn with learning difficulties, and fr him all gals shuld be celebrated. He had___6___been knwn t hug the ppsing players when they wn a pint.
Nt knwing what was happening, Mickey ran ver t my sn excitedly, “I made it! I made it! Everybdy wn!” Fr a mment I held my breath, nt sure hw my sn wuld___7___. I need nt have wrried. I watched, thrugh tears, my sn___8___his hand in the classic high-five gesture and started shuting, “ Way t g Mickey! Way t g Mickey!” Within mments bth teams surrunded Mickey, jining my sn t___9___him n his gal.
Later that night, when my daughter asked wh had wn, I smiled as I replied, “It was a_____10_____. Everybdy wn. ”
1. A. wayB. psitinC. leadD. back
2. A. LeaveB. PickC. ThrwD. Kick
3. A. missedB. scredC. perfrmedD. slipped
4. A. clearB. wrngC. specificD. decisive
5. A. silenceB. angerC. whisperD. laughter
6. A. ratherB. hardlyC. almstD. even
7. A. admitB. reactC. guessD. defend
8. A. drew backB. put dwnC. lked atD. threw up
9. A. cngratulateB. cmfrtC. cnsultD. instruct
10. A. reliefB. keyC. tieD. pity
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个患有唐氏综合症的男孩米奇在足球比赛中踢进了乌龙球，虽然比赛打平，但所有人都认为米奇赢了的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：比分是二比一，我儿子的队领先。A. way方法；B. psitin位置；C. lead榜样；领先地位；D. back后背。根据“The scre was tw t ne,”及下文可知，作者儿子所在的足球队暂时领先。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高喊着“踢它!”A. Leave离开；B. Pick捡起；C. Thrw扔；D. Kick踢。根据“With less than ten secnds remaining, the ball rlled in frnt f my sn’s teammate, Mickey O’Dnnell.”可知，球到了米奇·奥唐纳的脚下，所以所有人都喊他踢球。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他进球了! A. missed错过；B. scred得分；C. perfrmed表演；D. slipped滑倒。根据“Hwever, everyne realized immediately that Mickey did it, but in the___4___gal, ending the game in a draw.”可知，米奇·奥唐纳进球得分了。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，每个人都立刻意识到，米奇做到了，但是错误的进球，以平局结束比赛。A. clear清晰的；B. wrng错误的；C. specific明确的；D. decisive决定性的。根据“ending the game in a draw.”可知，米奇把球踢进错误的球门了。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一时间，全场鸦雀无声。A. silence沉默；B. anger生气；C. whisper低语；D. laughter笑声。根据“The air seemed t be at a standstill.”可知，全场都很惊讶，所以沉默的鸦雀无声。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当对方球员赢得一分时，他甚至会拥抱对方球员。A. rather相当；B. hardly几乎不；C. almst几乎；D. even甚至。根据“Yu see, Mickey has Dwn’s syndrme, a cnditin in which a persn is brn with learning difficulties, and fr him all gals shuld be celebrated.”可知，因为米奇患唐氏综合症，所以他甚至在对方进球时也会拥抱对方球员。选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有那么一会儿，我屏住了呼吸，不知道儿子会有什么反应。A. admit承认；B. react反应；C. guess猜；D. defend防守。根据“Fr a mment I held my breath,”可知，作者不确定儿子对这种情况的反应，故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我泪流满面地看着儿子举起手，做了一个经典的击掌动作，开始大喊：“干得好，米奇!干得好，米奇!”A. drew back撒回；B. put dwn记下；C. lked at看；D. threw up扬起。根据“his hand in the classic high-five gesture and started shuting,”可知，作者儿子扬起手欢呼。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一会儿，两支球队都围住了米奇，和我儿子一起祝贺他进球。A. cngratulate祝贺；B. cmfrt安慰；C. cnsult请教；D. instruct教导。根据“I watched, thrugh tears, my sn___8___his hand in the classic high-five gesture and started shuting, “ Way t g Mickey! Way t g Mickey!””可知，两支队伍都加入儿子的欢呼，祝贺米奇进球。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上晚些时候，女儿问我谁赢了，我笑着回答：“平局。大家都赢了。”A. relief欣慰；B. key关键；C. tie平局；D. pity怜悯；同情。根据“Hwever, everyne realized immediately that Mickey did it, but in the___4___gal, ending the game in a draw.”可知，比赛结果以平局告终。故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In my early years at schl I had truble with sme subjects. Smetimes I wuld get an “F” and that wuld make me ____11____(real) scared. What I used t d was turn the “F” int a “B” ____12____(please) my parents. Hwever, it didn’t wrk ut and finally I was caught ding that. Then I knew I had t accept that failure and learn frm it, s I ____13____(take) a psitive apprach. Naturally that “F” turned int a “B” and that “B” turned int an “A”.
【答案】11. really
12. t please
13. tk
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者刚开始上学的时候，学习成绩不佳，为了取悦父母，经常偷偷把“F”改为“B”，被抓住后作者吸取教训，积极地学习，成绩慢慢变好了。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：有时候我会得个“F”，这让我很害怕。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词scared，因此应用real的副词形式really，意为“很，十分”。故填really。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去常常把“F”变成“B”来取悦我的父母。分析句子可知，空处作目的状语，表示“为了”，因此应用please的不定式形式。故填t please。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：然后我知道我必须接受失败并从中吸取教训，所以我采取了积极的态度。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，文章在叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，因此应用take的过去式。故填tk。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gather a cuple f friends and take a leisurely walk thrugh the streets—this is____14____many yungsters enjy ding when they visit a new city. T them, citywalk means wandering arund the city n ft. Participants can fllw a distinctive urban rute,___15___ (explre) the city at their wn pace. Cmpared with famus____16____(spt) and big crwds, they prefer t gain a mre inclusive experience f the places they visit.
【答案】14. what
15. explring
16. spts
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍许多年轻人喜欢结伴在城市街头漫步，这种步行游览方式让他们能以自己的节奏探索城市，获得更全面的游览体验，而不是去热门景点挤人群。
【14题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：约上几个朋友，在街上悠闲地散步——这是许多年轻人在访问一个新城市时喜欢做的事情。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：参与者可以沿着独特的城市路线，以自己的节奏探索城市。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Participants与explre之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填explring。
【16题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：与著名景点和拥挤的人群相比，他们更喜欢在他们参观的地方获得更全面的体验。名词spt为可数名词，泛指许多景点，用复数形式。故填spts。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Technlgy is cnstantly advancing. ____17____ we imagined it years ag cannt keep up with its pace f develpment. In the past, autnmus vehicles were just a part f mvies, ____18____ these technlgies are nw successfully cming int being. An autnmus car, als ____19____(knw) as a self-driving car, can perfrm all functins related t everyday driving and parking. It is a technlgy that senses the envirnment and, upn entering the destinatin, ____20____(find) its way withut human interventin.
【答案】17. Hw
18. but 19. knwn
20. finds
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车技术的快速发展和功能的强大。
【17题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：我们多年前的想象已经跟不上它的发展步伐。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作主句的主语，从句中缺少方式状语，因此应用连接副词hw作引导词，且空处位于句首，hw的首字母需大写。故填Hw。
【18题详解】
考查连词。句意：在过去，无人驾驶汽车只是电影的一部分，但这些技术现在正在成功地成为现实。前面说明过去无人驾驶汽车仍属于电影中的场景，还不是现实，后面说明现在这些技术已成为现实，因此前后语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but。故填but。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：无人驾驶汽车，也被称为自动驾驶汽车，可以执行日常驾驶和停车相关的所有功能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作An autnmus car的非限制性后置定语，knw和An autnmus car逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此应用knw的过去分词形式。故填knwn。
【20题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一种可以感知环境的技术，一旦进入目的地，就可以在没有人为干预的情况下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空处和senses并列，作that引导的定语从句的谓语，时态为一般现在时，find也应用第三人称单数形式。故填finds。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A hearing aid is a small electrnic device yu wear in r behind yur ear t make sunds luder. A hearing aid has three basic parts: a micrphne an amplifier and a speaker. The hearing aid receives sund thrugh a micrphne, which changes the sund waves t electrical signals and sends them t an amplifier. The amplifier increases the pwer f the signals and sends them t the ear thrugh a speaker. There are three styles f hearing aids.
·Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids are used by peple f all ages. “Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and pen-fit aids fit behind the ear cmpletely, with a narrw tube int the ear canal, enabling the canal t remain pen. Thus, sme peple prefer it because their wn vice des nt sund “plugged up”.
·In-the-ear (ITE) aids fit cmpletely inside the uter ear. Sme ITE aids may have added features, such as a telecil that allws users t receive sund thrugh the circuitry f the hearing aid, rather than thrugh its micrphne.
•Canal aids fit int the ear canal and are available in tw styles. In-the-canal (ITC) aids are made t fit the size and shape f the ear canal. Cmpletely-in-canal ( CIC) aids are hidden in the ear canal.
The hearing aid that will wrk best fr yu depends n yur hearing needs and lifestyle. Price is als a key cnsideratin. Hwever, just because ne hearing aid is mre expensive than anther des nt necessarily mean that it will better suit yur needs. Other features t cnsider include parts r services cvered by the guarantee, estimated csts fr repair, and the hearing aid cmpany’s reputatin fr quality and service.
Fr mre infrmatin, cntact: nidcdinf@ .
21. What helps strengthen the pwer f electrical signals in a hearing aid?
A. The micrphne.B. The amplifier.
C. The speaker.D. The telecil.
22. If preferring a hearing aid that keeps the ear canal pen, yu can chse______ .
A. “Mini” BTEB. In-the-ear aids
C. In-the-canal aidsD. Cmpletely-in-canal aids
23. T buy a suitable hearing aid, yu shuld______ .
A. increase yur estimated cstsB. find the ne with mre features
C. give in t the after-sale servicesD. cnsider yur needs and lifestyle
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了助听器的基本构成和三种基本类型（BTE、ITE、Canal aids）以及适用人群、使用场景和价格等方面的信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The hearing aid receives sund thrugh a micrphne, which changes the sund waves t electrical signals and sends them t an amplifier. The amplifier increases the pwer f the signals and sends them t the ear thrugh a speaker.(助听器通过麦克风接收声音，麦克风将声波转换为电信号并将其发送到放大器。放大器增加信号的功率，并通过扬声器将它们送到耳朵)”可知，放大器有助于增强助听器内电信号的强度。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and pen-fit aids fit behind the ear cmpletely, with a narrw tube int the ear canal, enabling the canal t remain pen. Thus, sme peple prefer it because their wn vice des nt sund “plugged up”.(“迷你”BTE是一种新型BTE。这些小而开放的辅助设备完全适合耳后，有一个狭窄的管进入耳道，使耳道保持开放。因此，有些人喜欢它，因为他们自己的声音听起来不“堵塞”)”可知，如果更喜欢保持耳道开放的助听器，你可以选择“Mini” BTE。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The hearing aid that will wrk best fr yu depends n yur hearing needs and lifestyle.(最适合你的助听器取决于你的听力需求和生活方式)”可知，要购买合适的助听器，你应该考虑你的需求和生活方式。故选D项。
B
Brian Petersn had just mved t Califrnia. Outside his apartment, a hmeless man was ften shuting n the street crner, smetimes keeping him awake at night. Petersn wuld pass the guy n his way t wrk, but they never spke.
One day, Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des when he was disturbed by the hmeless man. Inspired by the bk’s cmpassinate (有同情心的) message, Petersn made an unexpected decisin: He was ging t g utside and intrduce himself. The hmeless man was Matt Faris. He’d mved t Califrnia t pursue a career in music, but he ended up living n the street.
“It was the strangest thing t me,” Petersn recalled. “I saw beauty n the face f a man wh hadn’t shaved r taken a shwer in prbably a year. But his stry inspired me.” And even thugh Petersn, an art schl graduate, hadn’t painted in abut eight years, he asked if he culd paint Faris’s prtrait (肖像). Faris said yes.
This experience led Petersn t frm Faces f Santa Ana, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f unhused peple. Petersn sells the prtraits, putting the incme int what he calls a “lve accunt” fr his mdel. He then helps peple use the mney t get back n their feet.
Many f Petersn’s new friends use the dnatins t secure immediate necessities — medical care htel rms, and fd. Faris used the funds frm his prtrait t recrd an album (专辑), realizing his musical dreams. Anther subject, Sndval, wh had never been able t financially supprt her daughter, used the mney t pay her daughter’s rent.
Since Faces f Santa Ana was established, Petersn has painted 41 f all the prtraits. But there’s mre t the finished prducts than the mney they bring t smene wh’s dwn and ut. He’s discvered that the buyers tend t cnnect t the stry f the persn in the painting, finding similarities and ften friendship with smene they might have therwise steretyped (持固有观念) r verlked. “Peple ften tell me, ‘I was the ne that wuld crss the street. But I see hmeless peple differently nw,’” Petersn says. “I didn’t knw that wuld happen.”
24. Hw did Petersn feel abut the hmeless man after reading the bk?
A. Annyed.B. Amazed.C. Cncerned.D. Cnfused.
25. After talking with Faris, Petersn decided t______.
A. pay fr his rentB. recrd an album
C. g t an art schlD. paint his prtrait
26. Hw did Petersn help the hmeless?
A. He funded a nn-prfit rganizatin.B. He bught immediate necessities fr them.
C. He dnated mney t related rganizatins.D. He taught them hw t realize their dreams.
27. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Prejudice blcks dreams.B. Wealth can make peple wise.
C. Sympathy can break steretypes.D. Actins speak luder than wrds.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了艺术家Brian Petersn如何通过肖像画帮助无家可归的人并改变他们的生活的感人故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“One day, Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des when he was disturbed by the hmeless man. Inspired by the bk’s cmpassinate (有同情心的) message, Petersn made an unexpected decisin: He was ging t g utside and intrduce himself.(一天，Petersn正在读《爱的力量》，这时他被一个流浪汉打扰了。受到书中富有同情心的信息的启发，Petersn做了一个意想不到的决定：他要出去介绍自己)”可知，Petersn之前一直对流浪汉的存在感到困扰，而读完这本书，他受到了书中同情心理念的影响，决定走出去向流浪汉介绍自己，并最终帮助了流浪汉。由此可知，当Petersn读完书后，他对流浪汉充满担忧。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段““It was the strangest thing t me,” Petersn recalled. “I saw beauty n the face f a man wh hadn’t shaved r taken a shwer in prbably a year. But his stry inspired me.” And even thugh Petersn, an art schl graduate, hadn’t painted in abut eight years, he asked if he culd paint Faris’s prtrait(肖像). Faris said yes(“这对我来说是最奇怪的事情，” Petersn回忆说。“我在一个大概一年都没刮胡子、没洗澡的男人脸上看到了美。但他的故事激励了我。”尽管毕业于艺术学院的Petersn已经有八年没有画过画了，但他还是问能不能画一下Faris的肖像。Faris答应了)”可知，Petersn和Faris交流之后，决定为他画一幅肖像画。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This experience led Petersn t frm Faces f Santa Ana, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f unhused peple.(这段经历促使Petersn成立了“Faces f Santa Ana”，这是一个非营利组织，致力于帮助无家可归的人，并为他们画肖像)”可知，为了帮助无家可归的人，Petersn成立了一个非营利组织。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He’s discvered that the buyers tend t cnnect t the stry f the persn in the painting, finding similarities and ften friendship with smene they might have therwise steretyped (持固有观念) r verlked.(他发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到相似之处，往往与他们原本可能刻板印象或忽视的人建立友谊)”以及全文内容可知，通过画肖像，Petersn帮助无家可归的人打破了人们的固有观念，让他们感到被尊重和欣赏。由此推知，这所有的一切都是源于Petersn最初对流浪汉的同情心。故选C。
C
“When I stpped in at ur lcal turism ffice in Mntreal t ask where they wuld recmmend visitrs t g t smell, taste, and listen t the city, I just received blank stares. They nly knw abut things t see, nt abut the city’s ther sensry attractins, its sundmarks and smellmarks,” says Hwes, the directr f Sensry Studies, a grwing field ften referred t as “sensry urbanism”.
Arund the wrld, researchers like Hwes are investigating hw nn-visual infrmatin defines the character f a city and affects its livability. Using methds ranging frm lw-tech sund walks t data cllecting, wearables (clthing r glasses that cntain cmputer technlgy), and virtual reality, they’re fighting what they see as a limiting visual preference in urban planning.
“Just being able t clse yur eyes fr 10 minutes gives yu a ttally different feeling abut a place,” says Oguz Öner, an academic and musician. He has spent years rganizing sund walks in Istanbul where participants describe what they hear at different spts with their eyes cvered. His research has identified lcatins where a wave rgan culd be cnstructed t strengthen the sunds f the sea, smething he was surprised t realize peple culd hardly hear, even alng the waterfrnt.
Althugh his findings have nt been cnsidered int lcal urban plans yet this kind f individual feedback (反馈) abut the sensry envirnment is already being put t use in Berlin, where quiet areas identified by citizens using a free mbile app have been included in the city’s latest nise actin plan.
The best way t determine hw peple react t different sensry envirnments is a subject f sme debate within the field. Hwes and his clleagues are using bservatin and interviews t develp a set f best practices fr gd sensry design in public spaces. Other researchers are ging mre high-tech, using wearables t track bilgical data like heart-rate variability t reveal different sensry experiences.
As data cllectin abut peple’s sensry experiences becmes mre widespread, many f these experts warn that cncerns abut privacy and surveillance (监视) need t be taken int accunt. Issues f fairness and inclusin als cme int play when determining whse sensry experiences are factred int planning. “Sensry awareness is nt independent r simply bilgical; whether we find smething pleasant r nt has been shaped culturally and scially,” says Mnica Degen, an urban cultural scilgist at Brunel University Lndn.
Degen cites the example f a Lndn neighbrhd where inexpensive restaurants fr lcal yuth were replaced by trendy cafes. “It used t smell like fried chicken,” she says, but newer residents fund that smell annying rather than welcming. “Nw it smells like the ppular Italian cffee, cappuccins.”
28. The underlined phrase “blank stares” in Paragraph 1 implies that______.
A. Mntreal is lacking in visual appeal
B. Mntreal’s nn-visual infrmatin is ignred
C. the turism fficers bject t sensry urbanism
D. there are t many turist attractins t recmmend
29. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Many methds are used t limit the visual preference.
B. Ptential cncerns abut cllecting data can be relieved.
C. Peple may fail t ntice sund attractins even in better lcatins.
D. Individual feedback restricts the develpment f sensry envirnment.
30. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Peple’s perceptins f their sensry surrundings are subjective.
B. Sensry urbanism needs t fcus n develping sensry facilities.
C. Sensry experience is dminant in shaping the character f a city.
D. Chices f sensry attractins in urban planning depend n turists.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过介绍研究者们如何考虑城市中的感官体验来探讨城市规划中的一些新趋势和挑战。同时，文中也引用了多位专家的观点和案例来支持作者的立论。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文“They nly knw abut things t see, nt abut the city’s ther sensry attractins, its sundmarks and smellmarks,” says Hwes, the directr f Sensry Studies, a grwing field ften referred t as “sensry urbanism”.(“他们只知道看的东西，不知道城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，”感官研究主任豪斯说。感官研究是一个不断发展的领域，通常被称为“感官城市主义”)”可知，很多人忽略了城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，因此当我在蒙特利尔当地的旅游办公室停下来，询问他们会推荐游客去哪里闻、尝、听这座城市的声音时，我得到的只是茫然的目光。由此可知，划线词组blank stares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味着“蒙特利尔的非视觉信息被忽略了”。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“He has spent years rganizing sund walks in Istanbul where participants describe what they hear at different spts with their eyes cvered. His research has identified lcatins where a wave rgan culd be cnstructed t strengthen the sunds f the sea, smething he was surprised t realize peple culd hardly hear, even alng the waterfrnt.(多年来，他一直在伊斯坦布尔组织“声音漫步”活动，参与者蒙着眼睛描述他们在不同地点听到的声音。他的研究已经确定了可以建造波浪风琴的地点，以增强海浪的声音，他惊讶地发现，即使在海滨，人们也几乎听不到海浪的声音)”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人们也可能不会注意到声音的吸引力。故选C项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Issues f fairness and inclusin als cme int play when determining whse sensry experiences are factred int planning. “Sensry awareness is nt independent r simply bilgical; whether we find smething pleasant r nt has been shaped culturally and scially,” says Mnica Degen, an urban cultural scilgist at Brunel University Lndn.(公平性和包容性的问题也在决定谁的感官体验被纳入规划时发挥了作用。“感官意识不是独立的，也不是简单的生物；我们是否觉得某件事令人愉快，是由文化和社会塑造的，”伦敦布鲁内尔大学(Brunel University Lndn)的城市文化社会学家莫妮卡·德根(Mnica Degen)说)”可推知，人们对感官环境的感知是主观的。故选A项。
D
In the 1770s, an English dctr called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s sn cwpx (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpx (天花) t test his assumptin that peple wh were frequently expsed t cwpx, a similar but less severe virus, wuld avid catching smallpx. It wrked and cwpx as the vaccine (疫苗) was highly effective. “Vaccinatin”, frm the Latin wrd fr cw, sn became cmmnplace.
Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment. Things have changed a lt since Jenner’s time, f curse, when it was nt uncmmn fr dctrs t cnduct this kind f research. Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.
But this shuldn’t blind us t the extrardinary pwer f challenge trials. They culd becme increasingly imprtant weapns in the medical research, in a situatin where vaccine technlgy is advancing and the threat f diseases jumping frm animals int human beings is increasing.
Much has been dne t reduce the risks f challenge trials. Like respiratry syncytial virus (RSV), researchers have invlved adults wh are at a lw risk f severe illness. These acts have already cut dwn a massive range f vaccine candidates. With their help, the wrld will sn have the first vaccines against RSV, which kills tens f thusands f newbrn babies each year. But nt all diseases are like these nes. We dn’t always knw the dangers vlunteers might face; we dn’t always have treatments ready. What then?
We culd, f curse, just avid these questins entirely, and rely n ther types f research.But that desn’t always wrk: smetimes, animal testing is tricky and uninfrmative, because the disease desn‘t develp in the same way as it wuld in humans. In cntrast, challenge trials can be deeply infrmative within weeks, with far fewer vlunteers. And the benefits can be surprisingly high. Take the latest pandemic. At the end f last year, as the number f deaths is estimated t have reached abut 17.8 millin, it’s als estimated that 20 millin had been saved by vaccines.In the years t cme, they will hpefully save millins mre.
In rder t make sure we are as prtected as pssible frm current and future threats, we shuld try t get rid f the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a mre familiar part f ur tl kits. Perhaps the greatest reward f all wuld be t make sure participants’ effrts are wrthwhile: by designing trials t be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In shrt, by helping them t save thusands, if nt millins f lives.
31. The authr tells the stry f Edward Jenner mainly t______.
A. give a definitin f challenge trials
B. intrduce the tpic f challenge trials
C. highlight the effectiveness f his vaccine
D. explain the rigin f the wrd “vaccinatin”
32. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. The issues behind challenge trials can be slved.
B. The dangers f challenge trials utweigh the benefits they bring.
C. Challenge trials can benefit numerus lives in spite f their risks.
D. Challenge trials can set back the develpment f vaccine technlgies.
33. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Peple shuld still be careful abut challenge trials.
B. A mre pen attitude shuld be taken twards challenge trials.
C. Challenge trials guarantee participants prtectin against threats.
D. Mre vlunteers invlved can imprve the accuracy f challenge trials.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Shuld we use challenge trials t find cures?
B. Can challenge trials be a blck t medical prgress?
C. Can challenge trials be the end f infectius diseases?
D. Shuld we replace animal testing with challenge trials?
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它提供了关于医学研究中挑战试验的信息，并阐述了挑战试验的优势和重要性。通过简明扼要地介绍，以及使用有据可查的数据和案例，解释挑战试验在医学研究中的用途和潜在效益。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In the 1770s, an English dctr called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s sn cwpx (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpx (天花) t test his assumptin that peple wh were frequently expsed t cwpx, a similar but less severe virus, wuld avid catching smallpx.(18世纪70年代，一位名叫爱德华·詹纳(Edward Jenner)英国医生让他的园丁的儿子染上牛痘，然后故意让他感染天花，以检验他的假设，即经常接触牛痘(一种类似但不那么严重的病毒)的人会避免感染天花)”以及第二段“Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性)”可知，作者讲述爱德华·詹纳的故事是为了介绍挑战试验的话题。故选B项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.(即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及第三段“But this shuldn’t blind us t the extrardinary pwer f challenge trials. They culd becme increasingly imprtant weapns in the medical research, in a situatin where vaccine technlgy is advancing and the threat f diseases jumping frm animals int human beings is increasing.(但这不应该让我们忽视挑战试验的非凡力量。在疫苗技术不断进步、疾病从动物传染给人类的威胁日益增加的情况下，它们可能成为医学研究中越来越重要的武器)”可知，尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益。故选C项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In rder t make sure we are as prtected as pssible frm current and future threats, we shuld try t get rid f the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a mre familiar part f ur tl kits. Perhaps the greatest reward f all wuld be t make sure participants’ effrts are wrthwhile: by designing trials t be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In shrt, by helping them t save thusands, if nt millins f lives.(为了确保我们尽可能免受当前和未来的威胁，我们应该努力消除对挑战试验的误解，使其成为我们工具箱中更为常见的一部分。也许最大的回报将是确保参与者的努力是值得的：通过设计公平、有效的试验，并在可能产生真正差异的时间和地点应用这些试验。简而言之，通过帮助他们拯救成千上万，甚至数百万人的生命)”可知，本文作者想告诉我们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。故选B项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment. Things have changed a lt since Jenner’s time, f curse, when it was nt uncmmn fr dctrs t cnduct this kind f research. Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性。当然，与詹纳的时代相比，情况发生了很大变化，当时医生进行这类研究并不罕见。即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及纵观全文可知，本文讲述了尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益，并且目前已采取很多方法来降低这种风险，呼吁人们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。所以A项“Shuld we use challenge trials t find cures?”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many f us set gals, but smetimes we fail t achieve them. There are many causes why we dn’t manage t realize ur gals.____35____There is a way, thugh, t help address this prblem: set reminders. Peple emply a psychlgical strategy called cgnitive (认知的) fflading, where we use a physical actin t reduce demands n ur brain. Specifically, we may utsurce ur intentins frm being stred in ur brains t reminders utside ur head.____36____
Understanding the benefits f cgnitive fflading can imprve ur ability t remember and fllw thrugh with ur intentins. The biggest benefit is simply that it imprves memry perfrmance. It increases the prbability that we will wrk twards the gals we need t reach. ____37____“The mre we fflad unimprtant infrmatin, such as items n a shpping list, the mre we can use ur brain fr thse mre significant cgnitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, prfessr at the University Cllege Lndn.
____38____Still, there are ptential negative parts fr it. We are mre likely t frget what we ffladed if we n lnger access ur strage, such as when ur smartphne dies. We als tend t fflad the imprtant things we mst want t remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were mre likely t frget the imprtant items and recall the unimprtant nes, that is, the mre imprtant the intentin we want t remember, the mre likely we are t fflad it—and t frget it.
We’d better tend t create reminders when we think we need them, but nt necessarily when we d need them. ____39____“If ur understanding f ur memry ability is wrng, this suggests that we will either veruse r underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by nticing the times that we have frgtten t d smething and culd have used reminders t help.”
A. Cgnitive fflading has nticeable benefits.
B. One cmmn reasn is that we simply frget them.
C. Besides, it can free up ur limited cgnitive resurces.
D. A gd example can be dcuments n ur smartphne calendars.
E. The prcess f cgnitive fflading helps us identify false infrmatin.
F. Our beliefs abut hw gd ur memry is directly influence whether we set them.
G. Other experts say it’s t sn t understand hw cgnitive fflading affects ur brains.
【答案】35. B 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了认知卸载的好处和坏处，以及什么时候创建提醒。
【35题详解】
根据前文“There are many causes why we dn’t manage t realize ur gals.(我们无法实现目标的原因有很多)”可知，此处是说明无法实现目标的原因，所以B项“One cmmn reasn is that we simply frget them.(一个常见的原因是我们只是忘记了它们)”符合主题，并引出下文“There is a way, thugh, t help address this prblem: set reminders.(不过，有一个方法可以帮助解决这个问题：设置提醒)”。故选B项。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Peple emply a psychlgical strategy called cgnitive (认知的) fflading, where we use a physical actin t reduce demands n ur brain. Specifically, we may utsurce ur intentins frm being stred in ur brains t reminders utside ur head.(人们采用一种叫做认知卸载的心理策略，即我们用身体动作来减少对大脑的需求。具体来说，我们可能会把我们的意图从储存在大脑里外包给大脑外的提醒)”可知，此处讲述了设置提醒具体方法，所以D项“A gd example can be dcuments n ur smartphne calendars.(一个很好的例子就是我们智能手机日历上的文档)”是对此方法的具体举例，符合文意。故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据前文“Understanding the benefits f cgnitive fflading can imprve ur ability t remember and fllw thrugh with ur intentins. The biggest benefit is simply that it imprves memry perfrmance. It increases the prbability that we will wrk twards the gals we need t reach.(了解认知卸载的好处可以提高我们的记忆能力和贯彻我们的意图的能力。最大的好处就是提高了记忆性能。它增加了我们朝着我们需要达到的目标努力的可能性)”可知，此处在讲述了解认知卸载的好处，根据后文““The mre we fflad unimprtant infrmatin, such as items n a shpping list, the mre we can use ur brain fr thse mre significant cgnitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, prfessr at the University Cllege Lndn.(伦敦大学学院的教授山姆·吉尔伯特说：“我们越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如购物清单上的东西，我们就越能把大脑用于那些更重要的认知任务，比如创造力。”)”是在讲述另一个好处，所以空处应是C项“Besides, it can free up ur limited cgnitive resurces.(此外，它可以释放我们有限的认知资源)”符合文意，描述另一个好处，引出下文。故选C项。
【38题详解】
分析设空，位于段首，根据后文“Still, there are ptential negative parts fr it.(不过，它也有潜在的负面影响)”可知，空处应是承上启下的作用，由上文介绍好处，转到讲述缺点，所以A项“Cgnitive fflading has nticeable benefits.(认知卸载有明显的好处)”符合文意，承接上文，并和后文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“We’d better tend t create reminders when we think we need them, but nt necessarily when we d need them.(当我们认为我们需要提醒时，我们最好创建提醒，但不一定是在我们确实需要的时候)”以及后文““If ur understanding f ur memry ability is wrng, this suggests that we will either veruse r underuse reminders,” Gilbert said.(吉尔伯特说：“如果我们对记忆能力的理解是错误的，这表明我们要么过度使用提醒，要么使用不足。”)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以F项“Our beliefs abut hw gd ur memry is directly influence whether we set them.(我们对自己记忆力好坏的看法直接影响到我们是否能记好)”是对前文的进一步说明，并引出下文。故选F项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The wrd “mtivatin” cmes frm the Latin term mtivus, “a mving cause”. It is described as the frce that drives us t pursue a gal, including the desire t cntinue pursuing meaning, purpse, and a life wrth living. It fuels cmpetitin and bsts scial cnnectin. Its absence can lead t mental illnesses such as depressin.
Peple ften have multiple mtives fr engaging in any ne behaviur. Mtivatin might be extrinsic. That means a persn is inspired by utside frces—ther peple r rewards. Anything prmised fr cmpleting the task r received as a result f cmpleting the task are extrinsic mtivatrs. Extrinsic mtivatin can increase mtivatin in the shrt term, but ver time it may gradually decrease.
Mtivatin can als be intrinsic. Intrinsic mtivatin cmes purely frm within, with n expected reward, deadline, r utside pressure. Fr example, peple wh are intrinsically mtivated t run d s because they lve the feeling f running itself. Cmpared t extrinsic mtivatin, intrinsic mtivatin tends t push peple mre frcefully, and the achievements are mre satisfying, since it is integrated int identity and serves as a cntinuus surce f mtivatin.
T understand mtivatin, Abraham Maslw intrduced the cncept f hierarchy f needs (需求层次) in 1943. Accrding t Maslw, humans are intrinsically mtivated t meet physical needs, the mst fundamental nes such as needs fr fd. Then they gradually satisfy several levels f needs frm safety, t higher-rder needs fr lve, belnging, and self-respect, and finally mve t ward expressing their full ptential—self-actualizatin, the desire t becme the mst that ne can be.
Althugh the generality f Maslw’s thery has been challenged, many believe it reveals fundamental truths abut human mtivatin. N matter where mtivatin begins, there are always ways t increase it — whether that be yur wn mtivatin r smene else’s. Smetimes yu might feel cmpletely unmtivated — and that’s OK. In that situatin, allw yurself t feel the discmfrt, hear the negative self-talk, and then take actin anyway.
40. What is mtivatin?
______________________________________________________________________
41. Why is intrinsic mtivatin mre pwerful?
______________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▷Accrding t Maslw, we are mtivated by different levels f needs, starting at the lwest and the mst basic level knwn as self-actualizatin needs.
______________________________________________________________________
43. In what way(s) d yu think yu can get mtivated? (In abut 40 wrds)
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Mtivatin is described as the frce that drives us t pursue a gal.
41. Because it is integrated int identity and serves as a cntinuus surce f mtivatin.
42. Accrding t Maslw, we are mtivated by different levels f needs, starting at the lwest and the mst basic level knwn as self-actualizatin needs.
The lwest and the mst basic level f needs is nt self-actualizatin needs but physical needs.
43. I ften get mtivated in tw ways. First, rewarding myself helps generate and maintain mtivatin. I can set small rewards fr achieving small gals and larger rewards fr achieving larger gals. Secnd, I always find inspiratin in thers. Learning frm successful individuals cnstantly mtivates me t be the better versin f myself.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了什么是动机，动机的种类，呼吁大家想办法增加自己的动机。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“The wrd “mtivatin” cmes frm the Latin term mtivus, “a mving cause”. It is described as the frce that drives us t pursue a gal, including the desire t cntinue pursuing meaning, purpse, and a life wrth living.(“动机”一词来自拉丁语“mtivus”，意为“移动的原因”。它被描述为驱使我们追求目标的力量，包括继续追求意义、目的和有价值的生活的愿望)”可知，动机被描述为驱使我们追求目标的力量。故填：Mtivatin is described as the frce that drives us t pursue a gal.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Mtivatin can als be intrinsic. Intrinsic mtivatin cmes purely frm within, with n expected reward, deadline, r utside pressure. Fr example, peple wh are intrinsically mtivated t run d s because they lve the feeling f running itself. Cmpared t extrinsic mtivatin, intrinsic mtivatin tends t push peple mre frcefully, and the achievements are mre satisfying, since it is integrated int identity and serves as a cntinuus surce f mtivatin.(动机也可以是内在的。内在动机纯粹来自内心，没有预期的奖励、最后期限或外部压力。例如，那些有内在动力去跑步的人这样做是因为他们喜欢跑步本身的感觉。与外在动机相比，内在动机往往会更有力地推动人们，取得的成就也更令人满意，因为它与身份融为一体，是一种持续的动力来源)”可知，因为它被整合到身份中，并作为动力的持续来源，所以内在动机更强大。故填：Because it is integrated int identity and serves as a cntinuus surce f mtivatin.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“T understand mtivatin, Abraham Maslw intrduced the cncept f hierarchy f needs (需求层次) in 1943. Accrding t Maslw, humans are intrinsically mtivated t meet physical needs, the mst fundamental nes such as needs fr fd. Then they gradually satisfy several levels f needs frm safety, t higher-rder needs fr lve, belnging, and self-respect, and finally mve t ward expressing their full ptential—self-actualizatin, the desire t becme the mst that ne can be.(为了理解动机，亚伯拉罕·马斯洛在1943年引入了需求层次的概念。根据马斯洛的理论，人类的内在动机是满足生理需求，最基本的需求，比如对食物的需求。然后他们逐渐满足几个层次的需求，从安全到更高层次的爱、归属感和自尊的需求，最后走向表达他们的全部潜力——自我实现，成为一个人所能成为的最大的人的愿望)”可知，Accrding t Maslw, we are mtivated by different levels f needs, starting at the lwest and the mst basic level knwn as self-actualizatin needs.此句描述中self-actualizatin needs.是错误的，根据文中可知，最低和最基本的需求不是自我实现的需求，而是身体上的需求。故填：The lwest and the mst basic level f needs is nt self-actualizatin needs but physical needs.
【43题详解】
开放性问题。题目问“你认为你可以通过什么方式获得动力”，可以结合自身进行回答，合理即可，例如我们可以通过奖励自己来激励自己，也可以通过向成功人士学习不断激励我成为更好的自己。故填：I ften get mtivated in tw ways. First, rewarding myself helps generate and maintain mtivatin. I can set small rewards fr achieving small gals and larger rewards fr achieving larger gals. Secnd, I always find inspiratin in thers. Learning frm successful individuals cnstantly mtivates me t be the better versin f myself.
第二节 (20分）
44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校国际部交换生Jim正在策划一次“中西文化交流”活动，作为好友，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 活动形式；
2. 活动内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hearing that yu are planning a club activity with the theme f “Cultural exchange between China and the west” and need my help, I am writing t ffer yu my suggestins. I think yu can carry ut this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding f “Cultural exchange between China and the west” thrugh getting invlved in different activities by themselves. Yu can ask sme Chinese shwcase paper cuttings n site, and sme freign students t shw Hallween cstumes and styling, which will all fit int the theme.
Hpefully, yu will get sme inspiratin frm my suggestins. Wish yu success.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信给你校国际部交换生Jim，就他想策划的活动提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
计划：plan→ map ut
提供：ffer→ prvide
建议：suggestin→ advice
报名参加：get invlved in→ take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hpefully, yu will get sme inspiratin frm my suggestins.
拓展句：I hpe that yu will get sme inspiratin frm my suggestins.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that yu are planning a club activity with the theme f “Cultural exchange between China and the west” and need my help, I am writing t ffer yu my suggestins. （运用了现在分词Hearing作原因状语）
【高分句型2】I think yu can carry ut this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding f “Cultural exchange between China and the west” thrugh getting invlved in different activities by themselves. （运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
（考试时间90分钟 满分100分）
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用 （共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Last night was the last game fr my sn’s sccer team. Everyne in the team had trained very hard fr it and thus cnfidently expected a big win.
It was the final quarter. The scre was tw t ne, my sn’s team in the___1___. Parents encircled the field, ffering encuragement. With less than ten secnds remaining, the ball rlled in frnt f my sn’s teammate, Mickey O’Dnnell. With shuts f “___2___it!” acrss the field, Mickey tk the chance and gave it everything he had. All rund me the crwd erupted. He had___3___!
Hwever, everyne realized immediately that Mickey did it, but in the___4___gal, ending the game in a draw. Fr a mment there was ttal___5___. The air seemed t be at a standstill. Yu see, Mickey has Dwn’s syndrme, a cnditin in which a persn is brn with learning difficulties, and fr him all gals shuld be celebrated. He had___6___been knwn t hug the ppsing players when they wn a pint.
Nt knwing what was happening, Mickey ran ver t my sn excitedly, “I made it! I made it! Everybdy wn!” Fr a mment I held my breath, nt sure hw my sn wuld___7___. I need nt have wrried. I watched, thrugh tears, my sn___8___his hand in the classic high-five gesture and started shuting, “ Way t g Mickey! Way t g Mickey!” Within mments bth teams surrunded Mickey, jining my sn t___9___him n his gal.
Later that night, when my daughter asked wh had wn, I smiled as I replied, “It was a_____10_____. Everybdy wn. ”
1. A. wayB. psitinC. leadD. back
2. A. LeaveB. PickC. ThrwD. Kick
3. A. missedB. scredC. perfrmedD. slipped
4. A. clearB. wrngC. specificD. decisive
5. A. silenceB. angerC. whisperD. laughter
6. A. ratherB. hardlyC. almstD. even
7. A. admitB. reactC. guessD. defend
8. A. drew backB. put dwnC. lked atD. threw up
9. A. cngratulateB. cmfrtC. cnsultD. instruct
10. A. reliefB. keyC. tieD. pity
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个患有唐氏综合症的男孩米奇在足球比赛中踢进了乌龙球，虽然比赛打平，但所有人都认为米奇赢了的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：比分是二比一，我儿子的队领先。A. way方法；B. psitin位置；C. lead榜样；领先地位；D. back后背。根据“The scre was tw t ne,”及下文可知，作者儿子所在的足球队暂时领先。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高喊着“踢它!”A. Leave离开；B. Pick捡起；C. Thrw扔；D. Kick踢。根据“With less than ten secnds remaining, the ball rlled in frnt f my sn’s teammate, Mickey O’Dnnell.”可知，球到了米奇·奥唐纳的脚下，所以所有人都喊他踢球。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他进球了! A. missed错过；B. scred得分；C. perfrmed表演；D. slipped滑倒。根据“Hwever, everyne realized immediately that Mickey did it, but in the___4___gal, ending the game in a draw.”可知，米奇·奥唐纳进球得分了。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，每个人都立刻意识到，米奇做到了，但是错误的进球，以平局结束比赛。A. clear清晰的；B. wrng错误的；C. specific明确的；D. decisive决定性的。根据“ending the game in a draw.”可知，米奇把球踢进错误的球门了。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一时间，全场鸦雀无声。A. silence沉默；B. anger生气；C. whisper低语；D. laughter笑声。根据“The air seemed t be at a standstill.”可知，全场都很惊讶，所以沉默的鸦雀无声。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当对方球员赢得一分时，他甚至会拥抱对方球员。A. rather相当；B. hardly几乎不；C. almst几乎；D. even甚至。根据“Yu see, Mickey has Dwn’s syndrme, a cnditin in which a persn is brn with learning difficulties, and fr him all gals shuld be celebrated.”可知，因为米奇患唐氏综合症，所以他甚至在对方进球时也会拥抱对方球员。选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有那么一会儿，我屏住了呼吸，不知道儿子会有什么反应。A. admit承认；B. react反应；C. guess猜；D. defend防守。根据“Fr a mment I held my breath,”可知，作者不确定儿子对这种情况的反应，故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我泪流满面地看着儿子举起手，做了一个经典的击掌动作，开始大喊：“干得好，米奇!干得好，米奇!”A. drew back撒回；B. put dwn记下；C. lked at看；D. threw up扬起。根据“his hand in the classic high-five gesture and started shuting,”可知，作者儿子扬起手欢呼。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一会儿，两支球队都围住了米奇，和我儿子一起祝贺他进球。A. cngratulate祝贺；B. cmfrt安慰；C. cnsult请教；D. instruct教导。根据“I watched, thrugh tears, my sn___8___his hand in the classic high-five gesture and started shuting, “ Way t g Mickey! Way t g Mickey!””可知，两支队伍都加入儿子的欢呼，祝贺米奇进球。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上晚些时候，女儿问我谁赢了，我笑着回答：“平局。大家都赢了。”A. relief欣慰；B. key关键；C. tie平局；D. pity怜悯；同情。根据“Hwever, everyne realized immediately that Mickey did it, but in the___4___gal, ending the game in a draw.”可知，比赛结果以平局告终。故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In my early years at schl I had truble with sme subjects. Smetimes I wuld get an “F” and that wuld make me ____11____(real) scared. What I used t d was turn the “F” int a “B” ____12____(please) my parents. Hwever, it didn’t wrk ut and finally I was caught ding that. Then I knew I had t accept that failure and learn frm it, s I ____13____(take) a psitive apprach. Naturally that “F” turned int a “B” and that “B” turned int an “A”.
【答案】11. really
12. t please
13. tk
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者刚开始上学的时候，学习成绩不佳，为了取悦父母，经常偷偷把“F”改为“B”，被抓住后作者吸取教训，积极地学习，成绩慢慢变好了。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：有时候我会得个“F”，这让我很害怕。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词scared，因此应用real的副词形式really，意为“很，十分”。故填really。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去常常把“F”变成“B”来取悦我的父母。分析句子可知，空处作目的状语，表示“为了”，因此应用please的不定式形式。故填t please。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：然后我知道我必须接受失败并从中吸取教训，所以我采取了积极的态度。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，文章在叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，因此应用take的过去式。故填tk。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gather a cuple f friends and take a leisurely walk thrugh the streets—this is____14____many yungsters enjy ding when they visit a new city. T them, citywalk means wandering arund the city n ft. Participants can fllw a distinctive urban rute,___15___ (explre) the city at their wn pace. Cmpared with famus____16____(spt) and big crwds, they prefer t gain a mre inclusive experience f the places they visit.
【答案】14. what
15. explring
16. spts
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍许多年轻人喜欢结伴在城市街头漫步，这种步行游览方式让他们能以自己的节奏探索城市，获得更全面的游览体验，而不是去热门景点挤人群。
【14题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：约上几个朋友，在街上悠闲地散步——这是许多年轻人在访问一个新城市时喜欢做的事情。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：参与者可以沿着独特的城市路线，以自己的节奏探索城市。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Participants与explre之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填explring。
【16题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：与著名景点和拥挤的人群相比，他们更喜欢在他们参观的地方获得更全面的体验。名词spt为可数名词，泛指许多景点，用复数形式。故填spts。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Technlgy is cnstantly advancing. ____17____ we imagined it years ag cannt keep up with its pace f develpment. In the past, autnmus vehicles were just a part f mvies, ____18____ these technlgies are nw successfully cming int being. An autnmus car, als ____19____(knw) as a self-driving car, can perfrm all functins related t everyday driving and parking. It is a technlgy that senses the envirnment and, upn entering the destinatin, ____20____(find) its way withut human interventin.
【答案】17. Hw
18. but 19. knwn
20. finds
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车技术的快速发展和功能的强大。
【17题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：我们多年前的想象已经跟不上它的发展步伐。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作主句的主语，从句中缺少方式状语，因此应用连接副词hw作引导词，且空处位于句首，hw的首字母需大写。故填Hw。
【18题详解】
考查连词。句意：在过去，无人驾驶汽车只是电影的一部分，但这些技术现在正在成功地成为现实。前面说明过去无人驾驶汽车仍属于电影中的场景，还不是现实，后面说明现在这些技术已成为现实，因此前后语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but。故填but。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：无人驾驶汽车，也被称为自动驾驶汽车，可以执行日常驾驶和停车相关的所有功能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作An autnmus car的非限制性后置定语，knw和An autnmus car逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此应用knw的过去分词形式。故填knwn。
【20题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一种可以感知环境的技术，一旦进入目的地，就可以在没有人为干预的情况下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空处和senses并列，作that引导的定语从句的谓语，时态为一般现在时，find也应用第三人称单数形式。故填finds。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A hearing aid is a small electrnic device yu wear in r behind yur ear t make sunds luder. A hearing aid has three basic parts: a micrphne an amplifier and a speaker. The hearing aid receives sund thrugh a micrphne, which changes the sund waves t electrical signals and sends them t an amplifier. The amplifier increases the pwer f the signals and sends them t the ear thrugh a speaker. There are three styles f hearing aids.
·Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids are used by peple f all ages. “Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and pen-fit aids fit behind the ear cmpletely, with a narrw tube int the ear canal, enabling the canal t remain pen. Thus, sme peple prefer it because their wn vice des nt sund “plugged up”.
·In-the-ear (ITE) aids fit cmpletely inside the uter ear. Sme ITE aids may have added features, such as a telecil that allws users t receive sund thrugh the circuitry f the hearing aid, rather than thrugh its micrphne.
•Canal aids fit int the ear canal and are available in tw styles. In-the-canal (ITC) aids are made t fit the size and shape f the ear canal. Cmpletely-in-canal ( CIC) aids are hidden in the ear canal.
The hearing aid that will wrk best fr yu depends n yur hearing needs and lifestyle. Price is als a key cnsideratin. Hwever, just because ne hearing aid is mre expensive than anther des nt necessarily mean that it will better suit yur needs. Other features t cnsider include parts r services cvered by the guarantee, estimated csts fr repair, and the hearing aid cmpany’s reputatin fr quality and service.
Fr mre infrmatin, cntact: nidcdinf@ .
21. What helps strengthen the pwer f electrical signals in a hearing aid?
A. The micrphne.B. The amplifier.
C. The speaker.D. The telecil.
22. If preferring a hearing aid that keeps the ear canal pen, yu can chse______ .
A. “Mini” BTEB. In-the-ear aids
C. In-the-canal aidsD. Cmpletely-in-canal aids
23. T buy a suitable hearing aid, yu shuld______ .
A. increase yur estimated cstsB. find the ne with mre features
C. give in t the after-sale servicesD. cnsider yur needs and lifestyle
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了助听器的基本构成和三种基本类型（BTE、ITE、Canal aids）以及适用人群、使用场景和价格等方面的信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The hearing aid receives sund thrugh a micrphne, which changes the sund waves t electrical signals and sends them t an amplifier. The amplifier increases the pwer f the signals and sends them t the ear thrugh a speaker.(助听器通过麦克风接收声音，麦克风将声波转换为电信号并将其发送到放大器。放大器增加信号的功率，并通过扬声器将它们送到耳朵)”可知，放大器有助于增强助听器内电信号的强度。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and pen-fit aids fit behind the ear cmpletely, with a narrw tube int the ear canal, enabling the canal t remain pen. Thus, sme peple prefer it because their wn vice des nt sund “plugged up”.(“迷你”BTE是一种新型BTE。这些小而开放的辅助设备完全适合耳后，有一个狭窄的管进入耳道，使耳道保持开放。因此，有些人喜欢它，因为他们自己的声音听起来不“堵塞”)”可知，如果更喜欢保持耳道开放的助听器，你可以选择“Mini” BTE。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The hearing aid that will wrk best fr yu depends n yur hearing needs and lifestyle.(最适合你的助听器取决于你的听力需求和生活方式)”可知，要购买合适的助听器，你应该考虑你的需求和生活方式。故选D项。
B
Brian Petersn had just mved t Califrnia. Outside his apartment, a hmeless man was ften shuting n the street crner, smetimes keeping him awake at night. Petersn wuld pass the guy n his way t wrk, but they never spke.
One day, Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des when he was disturbed by the hmeless man. Inspired by the bk’s cmpassinate (有同情心的) message, Petersn made an unexpected decisin: He was ging t g utside and intrduce himself. The hmeless man was Matt Faris. He’d mved t Califrnia t pursue a career in music, but he ended up living n the street.
“It was the strangest thing t me,” Petersn recalled. “I saw beauty n the face f a man wh hadn’t shaved r taken a shwer in prbably a year. But his stry inspired me.” And even thugh Petersn, an art schl graduate, hadn’t painted in abut eight years, he asked if he culd paint Faris’s prtrait (肖像). Faris said yes.
This experience led Petersn t frm Faces f Santa Ana, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f unhused peple. Petersn sells the prtraits, putting the incme int what he calls a “lve accunt” fr his mdel. He then helps peple use the mney t get back n their feet.
Many f Petersn’s new friends use the dnatins t secure immediate necessities — medical care htel rms, and fd. Faris used the funds frm his prtrait t recrd an album (专辑), realizing his musical dreams. Anther subject, Sndval, wh had never been able t financially supprt her daughter, used the mney t pay her daughter’s rent.
Since Faces f Santa Ana was established, Petersn has painted 41 f all the prtraits. But there’s mre t the finished prducts than the mney they bring t smene wh’s dwn and ut. He’s discvered that the buyers tend t cnnect t the stry f the persn in the painting, finding similarities and ften friendship with smene they might have therwise steretyped (持固有观念) r verlked. “Peple ften tell me, ‘I was the ne that wuld crss the street. But I see hmeless peple differently nw,’” Petersn says. “I didn’t knw that wuld happen.”
24. Hw did Petersn feel abut the hmeless man after reading the bk?
A. Annyed.B. Amazed.C. Cncerned.D. Cnfused.
25. After talking with Faris, Petersn decided t______.
A. pay fr his rentB. recrd an album
C. g t an art schlD. paint his prtrait
26. Hw did Petersn help the hmeless?
A. He funded a nn-prfit rganizatin.B. He bught immediate necessities fr them.
C. He dnated mney t related rganizatins.D. He taught them hw t realize their dreams.
27. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Prejudice blcks dreams.B. Wealth can make peple wise.
C. Sympathy can break steretypes.D. Actins speak luder than wrds.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了艺术家Brian Petersn如何通过肖像画帮助无家可归的人并改变他们的生活的感人故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“One day, Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des when he was disturbed by the hmeless man. Inspired by the bk’s cmpassinate (有同情心的) message, Petersn made an unexpected decisin: He was ging t g utside and intrduce himself.(一天，Petersn正在读《爱的力量》，这时他被一个流浪汉打扰了。受到书中富有同情心的信息的启发，Petersn做了一个意想不到的决定：他要出去介绍自己)”可知，Petersn之前一直对流浪汉的存在感到困扰，而读完这本书，他受到了书中同情心理念的影响，决定走出去向流浪汉介绍自己，并最终帮助了流浪汉。由此可知，当Petersn读完书后，他对流浪汉充满担忧。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段““It was the strangest thing t me,” Petersn recalled. “I saw beauty n the face f a man wh hadn’t shaved r taken a shwer in prbably a year. But his stry inspired me.” And even thugh Petersn, an art schl graduate, hadn’t painted in abut eight years, he asked if he culd paint Faris’s prtrait(肖像). Faris said yes(“这对我来说是最奇怪的事情，” Petersn回忆说。“我在一个大概一年都没刮胡子、没洗澡的男人脸上看到了美。但他的故事激励了我。”尽管毕业于艺术学院的Petersn已经有八年没有画过画了，但他还是问能不能画一下Faris的肖像。Faris答应了)”可知，Petersn和Faris交流之后，决定为他画一幅肖像画。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This experience led Petersn t frm Faces f Santa Ana, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f unhused peple.(这段经历促使Petersn成立了“Faces f Santa Ana”，这是一个非营利组织，致力于帮助无家可归的人，并为他们画肖像)”可知，为了帮助无家可归的人，Petersn成立了一个非营利组织。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He’s discvered that the buyers tend t cnnect t the stry f the persn in the painting, finding similarities and ften friendship with smene they might have therwise steretyped (持固有观念) r verlked.(他发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到相似之处，往往与他们原本可能刻板印象或忽视的人建立友谊)”以及全文内容可知，通过画肖像，Petersn帮助无家可归的人打破了人们的固有观念，让他们感到被尊重和欣赏。由此推知，这所有的一切都是源于Petersn最初对流浪汉的同情心。故选C。
C
“When I stpped in at ur lcal turism ffice in Mntreal t ask where they wuld recmmend visitrs t g t smell, taste, and listen t the city, I just received blank stares. They nly knw abut things t see, nt abut the city’s ther sensry attractins, its sundmarks and smellmarks,” says Hwes, the directr f Sensry Studies, a grwing field ften referred t as “sensry urbanism”.
Arund the wrld, researchers like Hwes are investigating hw nn-visual infrmatin defines the character f a city and affects its livability. Using methds ranging frm lw-tech sund walks t data cllecting, wearables (clthing r glasses that cntain cmputer technlgy), and virtual reality, they’re fighting what they see as a limiting visual preference in urban planning.
“Just being able t clse yur eyes fr 10 minutes gives yu a ttally different feeling abut a place,” says Oguz Öner, an academic and musician. He has spent years rganizing sund walks in Istanbul where participants describe what they hear at different spts with their eyes cvered. His research has identified lcatins where a wave rgan culd be cnstructed t strengthen the sunds f the sea, smething he was surprised t realize peple culd hardly hear, even alng the waterfrnt.
Althugh his findings have nt been cnsidered int lcal urban plans yet this kind f individual feedback (反馈) abut the sensry envirnment is already being put t use in Berlin, where quiet areas identified by citizens using a free mbile app have been included in the city’s latest nise actin plan.
The best way t determine hw peple react t different sensry envirnments is a subject f sme debate within the field. Hwes and his clleagues are using bservatin and interviews t develp a set f best practices fr gd sensry design in public spaces. Other researchers are ging mre high-tech, using wearables t track bilgical data like heart-rate variability t reveal different sensry experiences.
As data cllectin abut peple’s sensry experiences becmes mre widespread, many f these experts warn that cncerns abut privacy and surveillance (监视) need t be taken int accunt. Issues f fairness and inclusin als cme int play when determining whse sensry experiences are factred int planning. “Sensry awareness is nt independent r simply bilgical; whether we find smething pleasant r nt has been shaped culturally and scially,” says Mnica Degen, an urban cultural scilgist at Brunel University Lndn.
Degen cites the example f a Lndn neighbrhd where inexpensive restaurants fr lcal yuth were replaced by trendy cafes. “It used t smell like fried chicken,” she says, but newer residents fund that smell annying rather than welcming. “Nw it smells like the ppular Italian cffee, cappuccins.”
28. The underlined phrase “blank stares” in Paragraph 1 implies that______.
A. Mntreal is lacking in visual appeal
B. Mntreal’s nn-visual infrmatin is ignred
C. the turism fficers bject t sensry urbanism
D. there are t many turist attractins t recmmend
29. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Many methds are used t limit the visual preference.
B. Ptential cncerns abut cllecting data can be relieved.
C. Peple may fail t ntice sund attractins even in better lcatins.
D. Individual feedback restricts the develpment f sensry envirnment.
30. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Peple’s perceptins f their sensry surrundings are subjective.
B. Sensry urbanism needs t fcus n develping sensry facilities.
C. Sensry experience is dminant in shaping the character f a city.
D. Chices f sensry attractins in urban planning depend n turists.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过介绍研究者们如何考虑城市中的感官体验来探讨城市规划中的一些新趋势和挑战。同时，文中也引用了多位专家的观点和案例来支持作者的立论。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文“They nly knw abut things t see, nt abut the city’s ther sensry attractins, its sundmarks and smellmarks,” says Hwes, the directr f Sensry Studies, a grwing field ften referred t as “sensry urbanism”.(“他们只知道看的东西，不知道城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，”感官研究主任豪斯说。感官研究是一个不断发展的领域，通常被称为“感官城市主义”)”可知，很多人忽略了城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，因此当我在蒙特利尔当地的旅游办公室停下来，询问他们会推荐游客去哪里闻、尝、听这座城市的声音时，我得到的只是茫然的目光。由此可知，划线词组blank stares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味着“蒙特利尔的非视觉信息被忽略了”。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“He has spent years rganizing sund walks in Istanbul where participants describe what they hear at different spts with their eyes cvered. His research has identified lcatins where a wave rgan culd be cnstructed t strengthen the sunds f the sea, smething he was surprised t realize peple culd hardly hear, even alng the waterfrnt.(多年来，他一直在伊斯坦布尔组织“声音漫步”活动，参与者蒙着眼睛描述他们在不同地点听到的声音。他的研究已经确定了可以建造波浪风琴的地点，以增强海浪的声音，他惊讶地发现，即使在海滨，人们也几乎听不到海浪的声音)”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人们也可能不会注意到声音的吸引力。故选C项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Issues f fairness and inclusin als cme int play when determining whse sensry experiences are factred int planning. “Sensry awareness is nt independent r simply bilgical; whether we find smething pleasant r nt has been shaped culturally and scially,” says Mnica Degen, an urban cultural scilgist at Brunel University Lndn.(公平性和包容性的问题也在决定谁的感官体验被纳入规划时发挥了作用。“感官意识不是独立的，也不是简单的生物；我们是否觉得某件事令人愉快，是由文化和社会塑造的，”伦敦布鲁内尔大学(Brunel University Lndn)的城市文化社会学家莫妮卡·德根(Mnica Degen)说)”可推知，人们对感官环境的感知是主观的。故选A项。
D
In the 1770s, an English dctr called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s sn cwpx (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpx (天花) t test his assumptin that peple wh were frequently expsed t cwpx, a similar but less severe virus, wuld avid catching smallpx. It wrked and cwpx as the vaccine (疫苗) was highly effective. “Vaccinatin”, frm the Latin wrd fr cw, sn became cmmnplace.
Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment. Things have changed a lt since Jenner’s time, f curse, when it was nt uncmmn fr dctrs t cnduct this kind f research. Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.
But this shuldn’t blind us t the extrardinary pwer f challenge trials. They culd becme increasingly imprtant weapns in the medical research, in a situatin where vaccine technlgy is advancing and the threat f diseases jumping frm animals int human beings is increasing.
Much has been dne t reduce the risks f challenge trials. Like respiratry syncytial virus (RSV), researchers have invlved adults wh are at a lw risk f severe illness. These acts have already cut dwn a massive range f vaccine candidates. With their help, the wrld will sn have the first vaccines against RSV, which kills tens f thusands f newbrn babies each year. But nt all diseases are like these nes. We dn’t always knw the dangers vlunteers might face; we dn’t always have treatments ready. What then?
We culd, f curse, just avid these questins entirely, and rely n ther types f research.But that desn’t always wrk: smetimes, animal testing is tricky and uninfrmative, because the disease desn‘t develp in the same way as it wuld in humans. In cntrast, challenge trials can be deeply infrmative within weeks, with far fewer vlunteers. And the benefits can be surprisingly high. Take the latest pandemic. At the end f last year, as the number f deaths is estimated t have reached abut 17.8 millin, it’s als estimated that 20 millin had been saved by vaccines.In the years t cme, they will hpefully save millins mre.
In rder t make sure we are as prtected as pssible frm current and future threats, we shuld try t get rid f the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a mre familiar part f ur tl kits. Perhaps the greatest reward f all wuld be t make sure participants’ effrts are wrthwhile: by designing trials t be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In shrt, by helping them t save thusands, if nt millins f lives.
31. The authr tells the stry f Edward Jenner mainly t______.
A. give a definitin f challenge trials
B. intrduce the tpic f challenge trials
C. highlight the effectiveness f his vaccine
D. explain the rigin f the wrd “vaccinatin”
32. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. The issues behind challenge trials can be slved.
B. The dangers f challenge trials utweigh the benefits they bring.
C. Challenge trials can benefit numerus lives in spite f their risks.
D. Challenge trials can set back the develpment f vaccine technlgies.
33. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Peple shuld still be careful abut challenge trials.
B. A mre pen attitude shuld be taken twards challenge trials.
C. Challenge trials guarantee participants prtectin against threats.
D. Mre vlunteers invlved can imprve the accuracy f challenge trials.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Shuld we use challenge trials t find cures?
B. Can challenge trials be a blck t medical prgress?
C. Can challenge trials be the end f infectius diseases?
D. Shuld we replace animal testing with challenge trials?
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它提供了关于医学研究中挑战试验的信息，并阐述了挑战试验的优势和重要性。通过简明扼要地介绍，以及使用有据可查的数据和案例，解释挑战试验在医学研究中的用途和潜在效益。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In the 1770s, an English dctr called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s sn cwpx (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpx (天花) t test his assumptin that peple wh were frequently expsed t cwpx, a similar but less severe virus, wuld avid catching smallpx.(18世纪70年代，一位名叫爱德华·詹纳(Edward Jenner)英国医生让他的园丁的儿子染上牛痘，然后故意让他感染天花，以检验他的假设，即经常接触牛痘(一种类似但不那么严重的病毒)的人会避免感染天花)”以及第二段“Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性)”可知，作者讲述爱德华·詹纳的故事是为了介绍挑战试验的话题。故选B项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.(即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及第三段“But this shuldn’t blind us t the extrardinary pwer f challenge trials. They culd becme increasingly imprtant weapns in the medical research, in a situatin where vaccine technlgy is advancing and the threat f diseases jumping frm animals int human beings is increasing.(但这不应该让我们忽视挑战试验的非凡力量。在疫苗技术不断进步、疾病从动物传染给人类的威胁日益增加的情况下，它们可能成为医学研究中越来越重要的武器)”可知，尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益。故选C项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In rder t make sure we are as prtected as pssible frm current and future threats, we shuld try t get rid f the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a mre familiar part f ur tl kits. Perhaps the greatest reward f all wuld be t make sure participants’ effrts are wrthwhile: by designing trials t be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In shrt, by helping them t save thusands, if nt millins f lives.(为了确保我们尽可能免受当前和未来的威胁，我们应该努力消除对挑战试验的误解，使其成为我们工具箱中更为常见的一部分。也许最大的回报将是确保参与者的努力是值得的：通过设计公平、有效的试验，并在可能产生真正差异的时间和地点应用这些试验。简而言之，通过帮助他们拯救成千上万，甚至数百万人的生命)”可知，本文作者想告诉我们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。故选B项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment. Things have changed a lt since Jenner’s time, f curse, when it was nt uncmmn fr dctrs t cnduct this kind f research. Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性。当然，与詹纳的时代相比，情况发生了很大变化，当时医生进行这类研究并不罕见。即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及纵观全文可知，本文讲述了尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益，并且目前已采取很多方法来降低这种风险，呼吁人们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。所以A项“Shuld we use challenge trials t find cures?”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many f us set gals, but smetimes we fail t achieve them. There are many causes why we dn’t manage t realize ur gals.____35____There is a way, thugh, t help address this prblem: set reminders. Peple emply a psychlgical strategy called cgnitive (认知的) fflading, where we use a physical actin t reduce demands n ur brain. Specifically, we may utsurce ur intentins frm being stred in ur brains t reminders utside ur head.____36____
Understanding the benefits f cgnitive fflading can imprve ur ability t remember and fllw thrugh with ur intentins. The biggest benefit is simply that it imprves memry perfrmance. It increases the prbability that we will wrk twards the gals we need t reach. ____37____“The mre we fflad unimprtant infrmatin, such as items n a shpping list, the mre we can use ur brain fr thse mre significant cgnitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, prfessr at the University Cllege Lndn.
____38____Still, there are ptential negative parts fr it. We are mre likely t frget what we ffladed if we n lnger access ur strage, such as when ur smartphne dies. We als tend t fflad the imprtant things we mst want t remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were mre likely t frget the imprtant items and recall the unimprtant nes, that is, the mre imprtant the intentin we want t remember, the mre likely we are t fflad it—and t frget it.
We’d better tend t create reminders when we think we need them, but nt necessarily when we d need them. ____39____“If ur understanding f ur memry ability is wrng, this suggests that we will either veruse r underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by nticing the times that we have frgtten t d smething and culd have used reminders t help.”
A. Cgnitive fflading has nticeable benefits.
B. One cmmn reasn is that we simply frget them.
C. Besides, it can free up ur limited cgnitive resurces.
D. A gd example can be dcuments n ur smartphne calendars.
E. The prcess f cgnitive fflading helps us identify false infrmatin.
F. Our beliefs abut hw gd ur memry is directly influence whether we set them.
G. Other experts say it’s t sn t understand hw cgnitive fflading affects ur brains.
【答案】35. B 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了认知卸载的好处和坏处，以及什么时候创建提醒。
【35题详解】
根据前文“There are many causes why we dn’t manage t realize ur gals.(我们无法实现目标的原因有很多)”可知，此处是说明无法实现目标的原因，所以B项“One cmmn reasn is that we simply frget them.(一个常见的原因是我们只是忘记了它们)”符合主题，并引出下文“There is a way, thugh, t help address this prblem: set reminders.(不过，有一个方法可以帮助解决这个问题：设置提醒)”。故选B项。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Peple emply a psychlgical strategy called cgnitive (认知的) fflading, where we use a physical actin t reduce demands n ur brain. Specifically, we may utsurce ur intentins frm being stred in ur brains t reminders utside ur head.(人们采用一种叫做认知卸载的心理策略，即我们用身体动作来减少对大脑的需求。具体来说，我们可能会把我们的意图从储存在大脑里外包给大脑外的提醒)”可知，此处讲述了设置提醒具体方法，所以D项“A gd example can be dcuments n ur smartphne calendars.(一个很好的例子就是我们智能手机日历上的文档)”是对此方法的具体举例，符合文意。故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据前文“Understanding the benefits f cgnitive fflading can imprve ur ability t remember and fllw thrugh with ur intentins. The biggest benefit is simply that it imprves memry perfrmance. It increases the prbability that we will wrk twards the gals we need t reach.(了解认知卸载的好处可以提高我们的记忆能力和贯彻我们的意图的能力。最大的好处就是提高了记忆性能。它增加了我们朝着我们需要达到的目标努力的可能性)”可知，此处在讲述了解认知卸载的好处，根据后文““The mre we fflad unimprtant infrmatin, such as items n a shpping list, the mre we can use ur brain fr thse mre significant cgnitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, prfessr at the University Cllege Lndn.(伦敦大学学院的教授山姆·吉尔伯特说：“我们越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如购物清单上的东西，我们就越能把大脑用于那些更重要的认知任务，比如创造力。”)”是在讲述另一个好处，所以空处应是C项“Besides, it can free up ur limited cgnitive resurces.(此外，它可以释放我们有限的认知资源)”符合文意，描述另一个好处，引出下文。故选C项。
【38题详解】
分析设空，位于段首，根据后文“Still, there are ptential negative parts fr it.(不过，它也有潜在的负面影响)”可知，空处应是承上启下的作用，由上文介绍好处，转到讲述缺点，所以A项“Cgnitive fflading has nticeable benefits.(认知卸载有明显的好处)”符合文意，承接上文，并和后文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“We’d better tend t create reminders when we think we need them, but nt necessarily when we d need them.(当我们认为我们需要提醒时，我们最好创建提醒，但不一定是在我们确实需要的时候)”以及后文““If ur understanding f ur memry ability is wrng, this suggests that we will either veruse r underuse reminders,” Gilbert said.(吉尔伯特说：“如果我们对记忆能力的理解是错误的，这表明我们要么过度使用提醒，要么使用不足。”)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以F项“Our beliefs abut hw gd ur memry is directly influence whether we set them.(我们对自己记忆力好坏的看法直接影响到我们是否能记好)”是对前文的进一步说明，并引出下文。故选F项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The wrd “mtivatin” cmes frm the Latin term mtivus, “a mving cause”. It is described as the frce that drives us t pursue a gal, including the desire t cntinue pursuing meaning, purpse, and a life wrth living. It fuels cmpetitin and bsts scial cnnectin. Its absence can lead t mental illnesses such as depressin.
Peple ften have multiple mtives fr engaging in any ne behaviur. Mtivatin might be extrinsic. That means a persn is inspired by utside frces—ther peple r rewards. Anything prmised fr cmpleting the task r received as a result f cmpleting the task are extrinsic mtivatrs. Extrinsic mtivatin can increase mtivatin in the shrt term, but ver time it may gradually decrease.
Mtivatin can als be intrinsic. Intrinsic mtivatin cmes purely frm within, with n expected reward, deadline, r utside pressure. Fr example, peple wh are intrinsically mtivated t run d s because they lve the feeling f running itself. Cmpared t extrinsic mtivatin, intrinsic mtivatin tends t push peple mre frcefully, and the achievements are mre satisfying, since it is integrated int identity and serves as a cntinuus surce f mtivatin.
T understand mtivatin, Abraham Maslw intrduced the cncept f hierarchy f needs (需求层次) in 1943. Accrding t Maslw, humans are intrinsically mtivated t meet physical needs, the mst fundamental nes such as needs fr fd. Then they gradually satisfy several levels f needs frm safety, t higher-rder needs fr lve, belnging, and self-respect, and finally mve t ward expressing their full ptential—self-actualizatin, the desire t becme the mst that ne can be.
Althugh the generality f Maslw’s thery has been challenged, many believe it reveals fundamental truths abut human mtivatin. N matter where mtivatin begins, there are always ways t increase it — whether that be yur wn mtivatin r smene else’s. Smetimes yu might feel cmpletely unmtivated — and that’s OK. In that situatin, allw yurself t feel the discmfrt, hear the negative self-talk, and then take actin anyway.
40. What is mtivatin?
______________________________________________________________________
41. Why is intrinsic mtivatin mre pwerful?
______________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▷Accrding t Maslw, we are mtivated by different levels f needs, starting at the lwest and the mst basic level knwn as self-actualizatin needs.
______________________________________________________________________
43. In what way(s) d yu think yu can get mtivated? (In abut 40 wrds)
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Mtivatin is described as the frce that drives us t pursue a gal.
41. Because it is integrated int identity and serves as a cntinuus surce f mtivatin.
42. Accrding t Maslw, we are mtivated by different levels f needs, starting at the lwest and the mst basic level knwn as self-actualizatin needs.
The lwest and the mst basic level f needs is nt self-actualizatin needs but physical needs.
43. I ften get mtivated in tw ways. First, rewarding myself helps generate and maintain mtivatin. I can set small rewards fr achieving small gals and larger rewards fr achieving larger gals. Secnd, I always find inspiratin in thers. Learning frm successful individuals cnstantly mtivates me t be the better versin f myself.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了什么是动机，动机的种类，呼吁大家想办法增加自己的动机。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“The wrd “mtivatin” cmes frm the Latin term mtivus, “a mving cause”. It is described as the frce that drives us t pursue a gal, including the desire t cntinue pursuing meaning, purpse, and a life wrth living.(“动机”一词来自拉丁语“mtivus”，意为“移动的原因”。它被描述为驱使我们追求目标的力量，包括继续追求意义、目的和有价值的生活的愿望)”可知，动机被描述为驱使我们追求目标的力量。故填：Mtivatin is described as the frce that drives us t pursue a gal.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Mtivatin can als be intrinsic. Intrinsic mtivatin cmes purely frm within, with n expected reward, deadline, r utside pressure. Fr example, peple wh are intrinsically mtivated t run d s because they lve the feeling f running itself. Cmpared t extrinsic mtivatin, intrinsic mtivatin tends t push peple mre frcefully, and the achievements are mre satisfying, since it is integrated int identity and serves as a cntinuus surce f mtivatin.(动机也可以是内在的。内在动机纯粹来自内心，没有预期的奖励、最后期限或外部压力。例如，那些有内在动力去跑步的人这样做是因为他们喜欢跑步本身的感觉。与外在动机相比，内在动机往往会更有力地推动人们，取得的成就也更令人满意，因为它与身份融为一体，是一种持续的动力来源)”可知，因为它被整合到身份中，并作为动力的持续来源，所以内在动机更强大。故填：Because it is integrated int identity and serves as a cntinuus surce f mtivatin.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“T understand mtivatin, Abraham Maslw intrduced the cncept f hierarchy f needs (需求层次) in 1943. Accrding t Maslw, humans are intrinsically mtivated t meet physical needs, the mst fundamental nes such as needs fr fd. Then they gradually satisfy several levels f needs frm safety, t higher-rder needs fr lve, belnging, and self-respect, and finally mve t ward expressing their full ptential—self-actualizatin, the desire t becme the mst that ne can be.(为了理解动机，亚伯拉罕·马斯洛在1943年引入了需求层次的概念。根据马斯洛的理论，人类的内在动机是满足生理需求，最基本的需求，比如对食物的需求。然后他们逐渐满足几个层次的需求，从安全到更高层次的爱、归属感和自尊的需求，最后走向表达他们的全部潜力——自我实现，成为一个人所能成为的最大的人的愿望)”可知，Accrding t Maslw, we are mtivated by different levels f needs, starting at the lwest and the mst basic level knwn as self-actualizatin needs.此句描述中self-actualizatin needs.是错误的，根据文中可知，最低和最基本的需求不是自我实现的需求，而是身体上的需求。故填：The lwest and the mst basic level f needs is nt self-actualizatin needs but physical needs.
【43题详解】
开放性问题。题目问“你认为你可以通过什么方式获得动力”，可以结合自身进行回答，合理即可，例如我们可以通过奖励自己来激励自己，也可以通过向成功人士学习不断激励我成为更好的自己。故填：I ften get mtivated in tw ways. First, rewarding myself helps generate and maintain mtivatin. I can set small rewards fr achieving small gals and larger rewards fr achieving larger gals. Secnd, I always find inspiratin in thers. Learning frm successful individuals cnstantly mtivates me t be the better versin f myself.
第二节 (20分）
44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校国际部交换生Jim正在策划一次“中西文化交流”活动，作为好友，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 活动形式；
2. 活动内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hearing that yu are planning a club activity with the theme f “Cultural exchange between China and the west” and need my help, I am writing t ffer yu my suggestins. I think yu can carry ut this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding f “Cultural exchange between China and the west” thrugh getting invlved in different activities by themselves. Yu can ask sme Chinese shwcase paper cuttings n site, and sme freign students t shw Hallween cstumes and styling, which will all fit int the theme.
Hpefully, yu will get sme inspiratin frm my suggestins. Wish yu success.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信给你校国际部交换生Jim，就他想策划的活动提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
计划：plan→ map ut
提供：ffer→ prvide
建议：suggestin→ advice
报名参加：get invlved in→ take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hpefully, yu will get sme inspiratin frm my suggestins.
拓展句：I hpe that yu will get sme inspiratin frm my suggestins.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that yu are planning a club activity with the theme f “Cultural exchange between China and the west” and need my help, I am writing t ffer yu my suggestins. （运用了现在分词Hearing作原因状语）
【高分句型2】I think yu can carry ut this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding f “Cultural exchange between China and the west” thrugh getting invlved in different activities by themselves. （运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
相关试卷
2023-2024学年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期中英语试卷含答案： 这是一份2023-2024学年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期中英语试卷含答案，文件包含北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷原卷版docx、北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。
北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题： 这是一份北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题，共12页。
2022-2023学年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期末英语试卷含解析： 这是一份2022-2023学年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期末英语试卷含解析，共26页。试卷主要包含了 5分，共15分）， A， thrugh等内容，欢迎下载使用。
