十年(14-23)高考英语真题与模拟试卷分项汇编专题14 阅读理解七选五（含解析）

这是一份十年(14-23)高考英语真题与模拟试卷分项汇编专题14 阅读理解七选五（含解析），共30页。

2023年高考真题
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. ____16____ Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” ____17____ Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. ____19____ That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“d this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw t begin an art jurney. Unfrtunately, there is n magic list I can ffer. I d remember, thugh, what it was like t be a cmplete beginner. S I’ve put tgether sme gd tips fr starting an art jurney.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. ___16___ Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme.
·Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. ___17___
·Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. ___18___ Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. Welcme t the club；we’ve all been there. I lve taking n challenges. I nce tk up a challenge t create a painting every day fr a mnth and pst the wrks nline.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. ___20___ Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.
A Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段总结，根据前文“Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【18题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get ut f yur cmfrt zne. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【20题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
Passage 3
【2023年全国乙卷】Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt ding much, but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme. ____16____, but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry. What’s mre, indr plants are easy t lk after and are nt very expensive.
What are indr plants?
Indr plants, als knwn as huseplants r pt plants, are plants that like t grw indrs. Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indr plants gd fr yu?
Will Spelstra, wh wrks at the Ryal Btanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.” Several studies have backed this up and fund that indr plants can imprve creativity, fcus and memry. There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking. ____19____.
Which plants can yu grw?
Ale vera, peace lilies and spider plants are sme f the species that are easy t grw indrs. Yu can buy plants frm supermarkets, garden centres r nline. Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature — which is part f the jy f wning plants. “____20____,” Spelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful
C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best
F. Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成nt nly…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature-which is part f the jy f wning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks T Becming A Patient Persn
Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There is ne answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used t having what we need immediately and right at ur fingertips. Hwever, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whle lt better ff. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic. ___17___. “Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia.
● Make yurself wait
Instant gratificatin (满足) may seem like the mst “feel gd” ptin at the time, but psychlgy research suggests waiting fr things actually makes us happier in the lng run. And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. ___18___. Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. Yu’ll sn find that the mre patience yu practice, the mre yu start t apply it t ther, mre annying situatins.
● ___19___.
S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. Yu shuld learn t say t yurself, “___20___.” Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient.
A. Find yur causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncmfrtable
D. All this adds up t a state f hurry
E. It can als help us practice mre patience
F. This is merely uncmfrtable, nt intlerable
G. They’re all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There’s ne answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncmfrtable对应后文cmfrtable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Yu shuld learn t say t yurself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
2023年名校模拟题
Passage 1
（2023·广东佛山·统考模拟预测）Invlvement in activities utside f schlwrk makes high schl a lt mre interesting and fun. 1 Thrugh extracurricular activities, yu can develp imprtant skills, such as teamwrk, public speaking, creativity, leadership, and self-awareness.
The first step is t explre. 2 While yu can’t d everything, try t get invlved in as many clubs, teams, and activities that yu find interesting. There is nt a required ne-size-fits-all list f activities. What matters is that yu find clubs and prgrams that interest yu!
Yu wn’t knw if yu like smething if yu dn’t try it. 3 Fr example, if yu think yu might be interested in earning a business degree, find ut if yur high schl has a financial assciatin. If yu think yu’d like a career in plitics, check t see if yur high schl has a Mdel Unite Natins prject.
While yu want t appear “well runded,” it is imprtant that yu dn’t take n t much. 4 It can be helpful t see freshman year as the time t try a lt f things. In yur sphmre year, yu can begin limiting yur invlvement t yur mst imprtant activities. This will allw yu t spend mre time n fewer things.
5 Develp it int a true passin and try t be an expert in it. This is what makes yu unique and allws yu t shine n a cllege applicatin r qualify fr a schlarship.
A．Bear in mind what is mst imprtant t yu.
B．Yu may feel it hard t make chices at the very beginning.
C．Participate in varius extracurricular activities with interest.
D．As yu start high schl, yu will find yu have many new pprtunities.
E．Allw yurself enugh time t d well in the activities yu care abut mst.
F．These activities help yu gain abilities yu culdn’t learn thrugh textbks and tests alne
G．Keep an eye ut fr clubs that may specifically help yu prepare fr a particular cllege majr.
【答案】1．F 2．D 3．G 4．E 5．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中阶段参加课外社团活动的意义，以及一些相关的建议。
1．根据上文“Invlvement in activities utside f schlwrk makes high schl a lt mre interesting and fun. (参与课外活动使高中生活更加有趣和快乐)”可知，本文话题为课外活动，上文提及参与课外活动带来的好处，下文“Thrugh extracurricular activities, yu can develp imprtant skills, such as teamwrk, public speaking, creativity, leadership, and self-awareness. (通过课外活动，你可以培养重要的技能，比如团队合作、公众演讲、创造力、领导能力和自我意识。)”，下文具体列举了参与课外活动所能培养的技能，F项“These activities help yu gain abilities yu culdn’t learn thrugh textbks and tests alne (这些活动可以帮助你获得仅通过课本和考试无法学到的能力)”，其中的These activities呼应上文的activities utside f schlwrk，而下文则顺接F项中的abilities yu culdn’t learn thrugh textbks and tests alne，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选F项。
2．本段首句“The first step is t explre. (第一步是探索。)”，下文“While yu can’t d everything, try t get invlved in as many clubs, teams, and activities that yu find interesting. There is nt a required ne-size-fits-all list f activities. What matters is that yu find clubs and prgrams that interest yu! (虽然你不可能什么都做，但尽量多参加一些你感兴趣的社团、团队和活动。并不需要一个放之四海而皆准的活动列表。重要的是你找到了你感兴趣的社团和项目！)”可知，课外活动可以是参加感兴趣的社团，D项“As yu start high schl, yu will find yu have many new pprtunities. (当你开始上高中时，你会发现你有很多新的机会。)”，句中的many new pprtunities呼应首句中的explre，这个课外活动的探索在高一时就开始了，且机会多多，这个阶段可以参加多个感兴趣的社团，上下文衔接连贯，故选D项。
3．根据上文“Yu wn’t knw if yu like smething if yu dn’t try it. (如果你不去尝试，你就不知道你是否喜欢它。)”，下文“Fr example, if yu think yu might be interested in earning a business degree, find ut if yur high schl has a financial assciatin. If yu think yu’d like a career in plitics, check t see if yur high schl has a Mdel Unite Natins prject. (例如，如果你认为你可能对获得商业学位感兴趣，看看你的高中是否有金融协会。如果你想从政，看看你的高中是否有模拟联合国项目。)”可知，可以通过高中阶段的社团活动去接触一些自己可能感兴趣的，针对大学专业、未来职业的社团活动，通过尝试这些活动来确认自己是否喜欢，G项“Keep an eye ut fr clubs that may specifically help yu prepare fr a particular cllege majr. (留意那些专门帮助你为某一大学专业做准备的社团。)”，下文通过举例的方式，对G项进行解释，参加这些社团，可以提前确认自己是否喜欢这些专业，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
4．根据上文“While yu want t appear ‘well runded,’ it is imprtant that yu dn’t take n t much (虽然你想让自己看起来“全面发展”，但重要的是不要承担太多。)”可知，不要选择太多的课外社团活动，下文“It can be helpful t see freshman year as the time t try a lt f things. In yur sphmre year, yu can begin limiting yur invlvement t yur mst imprtant activities. This will allw yu t spend mre time n fewer things. (把高一看作是尝试很多事情的时候是很有帮助的。在高二的时候，你可以开始把你的活动限制在最重要的活动上。这会让你把更多的时间花在更少的事情上。)”可知，高二开始，要关注最重要的活动，而不是把时间、精力分散在不重要的活动中，E项“Allw yurself enugh time t d well in the activities yu care abut mst. (给自己足够的时间把自己最关心的事情做好。)”可知，E项承接上文，不参与不重要的社团课外活动，才能使自己有足够的时间去做自己最关心的事，E项与下文spend mre time n fewer things呼应，上下文衔接连贯，故选E项。
5．下文“Develp it int a true passin and try t be an expert in it. This is what makes yu unique and allws yu t shine n a cllege applicatin r qualify fr a schlarship. (把它培养成一种真正热衷的爱好，并努力成为这方面的专家。这让你与众不同，让你在大学申请中脱颖而出，或者有资格获得奖学金。)”可知，通过课外活动使自己有特长，A项“Bear in mind what is mst imprtant t yu. (记住对你来说最重要的是什么。)”，下文的it即指代A项中的what is mst imprtant t yu，时刻记住自己在课外活动中需要获得什么技能，并把它培养成为自己的爱好，可以增加自己在大学申请时的优势，上下文衔接连贯。故选A项。
Passage 2
（2023·湖南长沙·湖南师大附中校考一模）Yu’ve cmeback frm yur hliday and yu feel amazingly recharged. Then, yu pen yur inbx with hundreds f unanswered emails. Suddenly, yur calm starts t disappear and yur bld pressure starts t rise. 6 Yet, yu’ve nly been back at wrk fr an hur r tw. That’s n way t start yur first day at wrk after a hliday. S, here’s what yu d t keep yur stress t a minimum after a break.
Give yurself half a day befre jumping back int wrk. Take this time t unpack, d sme laundry, and fill the fridge with fd. 7 Ding this, yu’re much mre likely t suffer frm less stress ging back int wrk because yur persnal parts are already srted. Yu will als feel mre prepared ging back int wrk.
8 This enables yu t fcus n dealing with yur verflwing inbx and getting yur pririties straight. 9 Split them int srts like urgent, nn-urgent, quick respnses and n actin needed. Then, start by fcusing n the urgent nes (ne by ne!), befre diving int the quick respnses.
Up yur fun the week yu’re back. G ut fr a meal with yur friends. Walk yur favrite rute in yur neighbrhd. Lk at the pictures frm yur hliday. Pst-hliday blues can be very cmmn if yu g straight int all wrk and n play. Hence, make a little time fr play yur first week back. 10
A．Limit yur scheduled cmmitments the first week back.
B．Well, yu’ve gt ready fr everything.
C．D whatever yu need t d t wrap up the hliday stuff.
D．Yu may feel like yu’re decades behind.
E．It is advisable t categrize yur unread emails.
F．Yu’re suppsed t deal with yur emails instantly.
G．Yu’ll feel happy even if yur hliday is ver.
【答案】6．D 7．C 8．A 9．E 10．G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何从假期过渡到工作状态的建议。
6．根据下文“Yet, yu’ve nly been back at wrk fr an hur r tw.(然而，你才回来工作一两个小时。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，D项的“decades”和下文“an hur r tw”形成对比关系。D项：Yu may feel like yu’re decades behind.(你可能觉得自己落后了几十年。)符合语境。故选D。
7．根据上文“Take this time t unpack, d sme laundry, and fill the fridge with fd.( 利用这段时间打开行李，洗衣服，把冰箱装满食物。)”和下文“Ding this, yu’re much mre likely t suffer frm less stress ging back int wrk because yur persnal parts are already srted.( 如果你这样做了，你就更有可能在回去工作时承受更少的压力，因为你的个人部分已经整理好了。)”可知，空处内容和整理东西有关。C项中的“wrap up the hliday stuff ”和下文中的“yur persnal parts are already srted”对应。C项：D whatever yu need t d t wrap up the hliday stuff.(尽你所能把假期的东西打包。)符合语境。故选C。
8．根据下文“This enables yu t fcus n dealing with yur verflwing inbx and getting yur pririties straight.(这样可以让你专注于处理堆积如山的收件箱，并分清轻重缓急。)”可知，本段建议通过分清轻重缓急处理收件箱来达到限制计划的目的。A项：Limit yur scheduled cmmitments the first week back.(在回来的第一周限制你的计划。)符合语境。故选A。
9．根据下文“Split them int srts like urgent, nn-urgent, quick respnses and n actin needed. (把它们分成紧急的、非紧急的、快速反应的和不需要采取行动的这些类别。)”可知，空处建议将邮件分类，E项中的“unread emails”和下文的“them”对应。E项：It is advisable t categrize yur unread emails.(把未读邮件分类是明智的。)符合语境。故选E。
10．根据上文“Up yur fun the week yu’re back. G ut fr a meal with yur friends. Walk yur favrite rute in yur neighbrhd. Lk at the pictures frm yur hliday. Pst-hliday blues can be very cmmn if yu g straight int all wrk and n play. Hence, make a little time fr play yur first week back.(你回来的那一周好好享受吧。和朋友出去吃顿饭。在你家附近走你最喜欢的路线。看看你度假时拍的照片。如果你只工作不娱乐，节后抑郁是很常见的。因此，在你回归的第一周抽出一点时间来玩。)”可知，空处进行总结，按照上面提出的方法，即使假期结束了，也会感到快乐。G项：Yu’ll feel happy even if yur hliday is ver.(即使假期结束了，你也会感到高兴。)符合语境。故选G。
Passage 3
（2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测）Children lve getting dirty. 11 But getting muddy culd have a pwerful effect n their wellbeing, t.
“Dn’t get dirty!” was nce a cnstant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spil their best clthes. Whether they were running thrugh farmers’ fields, climbing trees r catching tadples, it was inevitable that children’s whites wuld turn brwn befre the day was ver.
Tday, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance t pick up a bit f dirt. With the rise f urbanism, and the temptatin f vide games and scial media, cntact with nature is much rarer than in the past. 12
What is gained in laundry bills may be lst in the child’s wellbeing. Accrding t recent research, the dirt utside is teaming with friendly micrrganisms. 13
Many f the psychlgical benefits f utdr play are already well established. Natural scenes prvide the perfect level f stimulatin, which is thught t help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supprting this thery, ne study frm 2009 fund that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able t cncentrate fllwing a 20-minute walk in the park, cmpared t a 20-minute walk n the streets f a well-kept urban area. 14 The authrs recmmended using such “dses f nature” as a safe and accessible way f supprting children with ADHD, alngside ther tls.
15 Fr example, the act f mudding and kneading materials like mud r sand can help children develp the way their senses and mvement interact, knwn as sensrimtr develpment. This allws the child t gradually understand his r her bdily signals.
A．Fr many, there is simply n pprtunity t get muddy.
B．Being clse t grass and trees seemed t have had a beneficial effect n their minds.
C．Besides these restrative effects, utdr play can ffer valuable learning experiences.
D．They are drawn t puddles like muddy magnets, with n regard fr ftwear r the clr f their clthing.
E．As fr the child’s physical health, the mst bvius advantage f utdr play may be the exercise.
F．Peple wh grw up n farms are less likely t develp asthma, allergies, r aut-immune disrders.
G．They can train the immune system and build resilience t a range f illnesses, including allergies and asthma.
【答案】11．D 12．A 13．G 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了孩子们在户外玩耍、接触大自然的重要性，并且指出这样做对孩子们的身心健康及成长有着积极的影响，特别是在现代城市化的生活和环境背景下，更应该注意让孩子们参与户外活动，乐享大自然。
11．根据前文“Children lve getting dirty.(孩子们喜欢弄脏。)”结合下文“But”可知与空处转折，D项“They are drawn t puddles like muddy magnets, with n regard fr ftwear r the clr f their clthing.(他们像泥泞的磁铁一样被水坑吸引，而不考虑鞋子或衣服的颜色。)”与上下文一致，表明小孩们非常喜欢玩泥巴，不会顾及自己的衣服和鞋子会被弄脏，这突显出小孩们对于在室外玩耍的渴望，D项“他们被像泥泞的磁铁一样的水坑吸引，完全不考虑鞋子和衣服的颜色。”符合，故选D项。
12．根据前文“Tday, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance t pick up a bit f dirt. With the rise f urbanism, and the temptatin f vide games and scial media, cntact with nature is much rarer than in the past. (今天，许多父母可能暗暗希望他们的孩子有机会捡起一点泥土。随着城市化的兴起，以及电子游戏和社交媒体的诱惑，与大自然的接触比过去少得多。)”可知现代的城市生活方式和娱乐活动可能与大自然的接触缺乏，导致了小孩们越来越难以有机会和时间去在户外玩耍，与A项“Fr many, there is simply n pprtunity t get muddy. (对于许多人来说，根本没有机会变得泥泞。)”与上下文一致，故选A项。
13．根据前文“Accrding t recent research, the dirt utside is teaming with friendly micrrganisms. (根据最近的研究，外面的污垢正在与友好的微生物合作。)”可知，空处会提到微生物的作用，与G项“They can train the immune system and build resilience t a range f illnesses, including allergies and asthma. (它们可以训练免疫系统并建立对一系列疾病的适应力，包括过敏和哮喘。)”上下文一致，在泥土或者大自然里面玩耍也会帮助小孩的免疫系统去建立对很多疾病的的抵抗能力和适应性，包括过敏和哮喘等疾病。故选G项。
14．根据上文“Supprting this thery, ne study frm 2009 fund that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able t cncentrate fllwing a 20-minute walk in the park, cmpared t a 20-minute walk n the streets f a well-kept urban area.(支持这一理论，2009年的一项研究发现，与在保存完好的城市地区的街道上步行20分钟相比，患有多动症的儿童在公园散步20分钟后能够更好地集中注意力。)”可知，大自然场景对小孩的精神和认知发展会有很好的刺激和帮助，与B项“Being clse t grass and trees seemed t have had a beneficial effect n their minds. (靠近草木似乎对他们的思想产生了有益的影响。)”与上下文一致，故选B项。
15．根据下文“Fr example, the act f mudding and kneading materials like mud r sand can help children develp the way their senses and mvement interact, knwn as sensrimtr develpment. This allws the child t gradually understand his r her bdily signals. (例如，泥浆和揉捏泥或沙子等材料的行为可以帮助儿童发展他们的感官和运动相互作用的方式，称为感觉运动发展。这使孩子逐渐理解他或她的身体信号。)”可知本段主要讲述了户外玩耍可以帮助孩子们感觉运动发展，使他们理解他或她的身体信号，这是一种学习经验，与C项“Besides these restrative effects, utdr play can ffer valuable learning experiences.(除了这些恢复效果外，户外游戏还可以提供宝贵的学习经验。)”上下文一致，故选C项。
Passage 4
（2023·北京·人大附中校考三模）In sme ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed dwn thrugh the generatins reliably enugh fr parents and children t cmmunicate with each ther. 16 Fr example, while Japanese has changed relatively little ver a thusand years, English evlved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s furteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impssible t read.
Languages change fr a variety f reasns. Large-scale shifts ften ccur in respnse t scial, ecnmic, and plitical pressures, as there are many examples f language change fueled by invasins, clnizatin, and migratin. 17 Frequently, the needs f speakers drive language change. New technlgies industries, prducts and experiences simply require new wrds. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak als fuels language change because n tw individuals use a language in exactly the same way. 18 Thrugh ur day-t-day interactins, we pick up wrds and savings frm ther peple and integrate them int ur speech. Teens and yung adults, fr example, ften use different wrds and phrases frm their parents. Sme f them spread thrugh the ppulatin and slwly change the language.
19 Vcabulary can change quickly as new wrds are brrwed frm ther languages, r as wrds get cined, cmbined, r shrtened. Sme wrds are even created thrugh misinterpretatin f frm. As nted in the Linguistic Sciety f America’s publicatin Is English Changing?, the wrd pea is ne such example. Up until abut fur hundred years ag, pease culd refer t either a single pea r many peas. At sme pint, peple assumed that pease was the plural frm f a new wrd, pea, based n the way pease sunded. While vcabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the rder f wrds in a sentence changes mre slwly. 20 Fr example, during the Great Vwel Shift five hundred years ag, the prnunciatin f vwels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the prnunciatin f Middle English and Mdern English.
A．Changes in sund are smewhat harder t dcument but just as interesting.
B．Yet linguists find that all living languages change ver time — at different rates thugh.
C．As lng as peple are using a language, that language will underg sme change.
D．All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas f language use.
E．The three main areas f language that change ver time are vcabulary, sentence structure, and prnunciatin.
F．Even withut these kinds f influences, a language can change dramatically if enugh users adpt a new way f speaking.
G．The vcabulary and phrases peple use depend n where they live, their age, educatin level, scial status and ther factrs.
【答案】16．B 17．F 18．G 19．E 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言会随着时间而变化，其原因很多样，变化主要体现在词汇、句子结构和发音三个方面。
16．前文“In sme ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed dwn thrugh the generatins reliably enugh fr parents and children t cmmunicate with each ther.（在某些方面，语言的变化是令人惊讶的。毕竟，它们代代相传，足以让父母和孩子相互交流。）”引入文章的话题语言的变化，后文“Fr example, while Japanese has changed relatively little ver a thusand years, English evlved rapidly in just a few centuries.（例如，在一千多年的时间里，日语的变化相对较小，而英语在短短几个世纪内就迅速演化。）”用日语和英语的变化情况作为例子，B项“Yet linguists find that all living languages change ver time — at different rates thugh.（然而，语言学家发现，所有现存的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化——尽管变化的速度不同。）”符合语境，和前文对语言变化的惊讶构成转折，是后文的例证支持的观点，后文的“changed relatively little ver a thusand years”“evlved rapidly in just a few centuries”解释了其中的“at different rates”。故选B。
17．前文“Languages change fr a variety f reasns. Large-scale shifts ften ccur in respnse t scial, ecnmic, and plitical pressures, as there are many examples f language change fueled by invasins, clnizatin, and migratin.（语言的变化有很多原因。由于社会、经济和政治压力的影响，语言往往会发生大规模变化，因为有很多入侵、殖民和移民推动语言变化的例子。）”点明了本段的主旨语言变化的原因，介绍了外部宏观环境的原因，F项“Even withut these kinds f influences, a language can change dramatically if enugh users adpt a new way f speaking.（即使没有这些影响，如果有足够多的使用者采用一种新的说话方式，一门语言也会发生巨大的变化。）”符合语境，承接前文，其中的“these kinds f influences”指前文的“scial, ecnmic, and plitical pressures”，介绍了使用者方面的原因作为补充。故选F。
18．前文“But the unique way that individuals speak als fuels language change because n tw individuals use a language in exactly the same way.（但是个体说话的独特方式也会促进语言的变化，因为没有两个人使用一种语言的方式完全相同。）”提到了个体使用的语言存在差异，G项“The vcabulary and phrases peple use depend n where they live, their age, educatin level, scial status and ther factrs.（人们使用的词汇和短语取决于他们居住的地方、年龄、教育程度、社会地位和其他因素。）”符合语境，具体解释了个体语言差异的原因。故选G。
19．空处位于段首，是段落的主旨句，需概括段落内容。后文“Vcabulary can change quickly as new wrds are brrwed frm ther languages, r as wrds get cined, cmbined, r shrtened.（词汇变化很快，比如从其他语言中借用新词，或者新词被创造、组合或缩略。）”、“While vcabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the rder f wrds in a sentence changes mre slwly.（虽然词汇变化很快，但句子结构——句子中单词的顺序变化得比较慢。）”和“Fr example, during the Great Vwel Shift five hundred years ag, the prnunciatin f vwels in English changed dramatically.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。）”涉及语言变化中的词汇、句子结构和发音，E项“The three main areas f language that change ver time are vcabulary, sentence structure, and prnunciatin.（语言随着时间的推移发生变化的三个主要方面是词汇、句子结构和发音。）”符合语境，概括了这三个方面的内容。故选E。
20．后文“Fr example, during the Great Vwel Shift five hundred years ag, the prnunciatin f vwels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the prnunciatin f Middle English and Mdern English.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。这种转变体现了中世纪英语和现代英语发音的最大区别。）”介绍的是语言变化的发音方面，A项“Changes in sund are smewhat harder t dcument but just as interesting.（声音的变化很难记录，但同样有趣。）”符合语境，引起后文内容。故选A。
Passage 5
（2023·江西·江西师大附中校考三模）During jb r schl interviews, yu’re likely t be asked what yur strengths and weaknesses are, because the interviewers are interested in hw yur areas f strengths and weaknesses might affect yur perfrmance in this psitin. 21 Fr instance, yu may be skilled in cking, but if yu’re applying fr an ffice jb, this strength may be irrelevant.
Hwever, knwing yur persnal areas f strengths and weaknesses is nt a piece f cake. It takes self-awareness and self-reflectin. 22 Or, ask sme f yur friends what they see as yur best qualities r shrtcmings.
23 Fr example, let’s say my strength is creativity and yurs is planning; we bth want t have the same career. We might g abut getting there in very different ways. If I did smething creative t get my dream jb and yu planned carefully, we’d bth likely be successful. But if I tried planning and yu tried smething creative, bth f us might fail. 24
Having a weakness desn’t have t be a bad thing. It culd be smething yu struggle with, but it culd als be smething yu haven’t spent time develping yet. 25 Fr example, maybe yur area f weakness is relevant t gratitude. Yu just haven’t spent a lt f time thinking abut gratitude befre. But nw yu engage in a bunch f activities that help yu turn gratitude int an area f strength. Hey, nw yu’ve gt ne mre skill!
A．Is it prper t begin with a truthful answer?
B．S ask yurself what yu are gd r weak at.
C．Our areas f strengths can help us achieve ur gals.
D．Thus, it’s helpful t knw yur strengths related t the rle.
E．Many jb applicants are unsure hw t apprach this questin.
F．By turning a weakness int a strength, yu build ther imprtant skills.
G．That’s why it is imprtant t knw and use ur strengths t reach gals.
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．G 25．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何认识和利用好自己的优势和劣势。
21．根据空后的“Fr instance, yu may be skilled in cking, but if yu’re applying fr an ffice jb, this strength may be irrelevant.(例如，你可能擅长烹饪，但如果你申请的是办公室工作，这一优势可能就无关紧要了)”可知，此处举例说明空处的内容，所以此空处讲述的内容应与“优势与职位是否相关”有关，D选项“Thus, it’s helpful t knw yur strengths related t the rle.(因此，它有助于了解自己的优势与作用)”中的thus为关键词，结合句意可知，D选项与空前内容为因果关系，且内容吻合。故选D项。
22．根据空前的“Hwever, knwing yur persnal areas f strengths and weaknesses is nt a piece f cake. It takes self-awareness and self-reflectin.(然而，了解自己的优势和劣势并不是一件容易的事。这需要自我意识和自我反省)”可知，认识到自己的优势不是一件容易得事情，根据空后“Or, ask sme f yur friends what they see as yur best qualities r shrtcmings.(或者，问问你的一些朋友，他们认为你的优点和缺点是什么)”内容中的r可以推断，此空处讲述的内容与“如何了解自己的优势”相关，B选项“S ask yurself what yu are gd r weak at.(所以问问你自己你擅长什么或者哪方面弱)”内容与空前内容为因果关系，且与空后的r为选择关系，符合逻辑。故选B项。
23．分析语篇可知，此空为本段的主题句，根据空后列举的例子“Fr example, let’s say my strength is creativity and yurs is planning; we bth want t have the same career. We might g abut getting there in very different ways. If I did smething creative t get my dream jb and yu planned carefully, we’d bth likely be successful. But if I tried planning and yu tried smething creative, bth f us might fail. .(例如，假设我的优势是创造力和你的优势是计划；我们都想拥有同样的事业。我们可能会以非常不同的方式到达那里。如果我做了一些有创意的事情来得到我梦寐以求的工作，而你精心策划，我们都有可能成功。但如果我试着做策划，而你试着做一些有创意的事情，我们俩都可能失败)”可知，该段举例说明的是“恰当利用好自己的优势能促进成功”，C选项“Our areas f strengths can help us achieve ur gals.(我们的优势可以帮助我们实现目标)”讲述的内容与空后举例内容吻合，且概括了本段的主题。故选C项。
24．分析语篇可知，此空位于段位，可能是对本段的总结，根据空前的“If I did smething creative t get my dream jb and yu planned carefully, we’d bth likely be successful. But if I tried planning and yu tried smething creative, bth f us might fail.(如果我做了一些有创意的事情来得到我梦寐以求的工作，而你精心策划，我们都有可能成功。但如果我试着做策划，而你试着做一些有创意的事情，我们俩都可能失败)”可知，只有知道自己的优势并且利用合理能促进我们成功，但是利用不当便会失败，G选项“That’s why it is imprtant t knw and use ur strengths t reach gals.(这就是为什么了解并利用我们的优势来实现目标是很重要的)”中的that指代的内容与空前的内容吻合，且构成因果关系。故选G项。
25．根据空后列举的例子“Fr example, maybe yur area f weakness is relevant t gratitude. Yu just haven’t spent a lt f time thinking abut gratitude befre. But nw yu engage in a bunch f activities that help yu turn gratitude int an area f strength.(例如，也许你的劣势与感恩有关。你只是以前没有花很多时间思考感恩。但现在你参与了一系列活动，这些活动可以帮助你把感恩变成一种优势)”可知，此处列举内容表达的是“劣势有时候可以转化为优势”，F选项“By turning a weakness int a strength, yu build ther imprtant skills.(把劣势变成优势，构建其他重要的技能)”讲述的是“将劣势转换为优势的好处”，内容与空后的举例内容相关。故选F项。
Passage 6
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）Yur mral cmpass, cnscience, and ethics may all sund like the same set f values, but yur mral cmpass can smetimes steer yu away frm rigid scietal laws. Thus, when yu’re faced with a decisin, hw yu react is ften driven by persnal values yu’ve acquired. 26
What is yur mral cmpass?
Mrality is what defines whether an actin is perceived as gd r bad. Mrals guide yur individual behavir within a sciety, which aren’t fixed. 27 Yur mral cmpass prvides guidance in making ethical decisins, while yur cnscience serves as an internal alarm system t alert yu when yu have vilated ur mral cde. As fr ethics, they tend t be the cultural and scietal standards that utline hw “everyne” is expected t behave.
28
Accrding t mdern psychlgists, mral develpment is a part f three phases in childhd.
· Pre-cnventinal phase: Behavirs are driven by punishment avidance and rewards.
· Cnventinal phase: Laws and rules f sciety are cnsidered t gain thers’ apprval.
· Pst-Cnventinal phase: Mral decisins are made frm the perspective f individual rights.
Hw t find yur mral cmpass?
It’s nt always easy t knw right frm wrng, but yu can try the fllwing methds. Yur mral cmpass is made up f yur beliefs, s it may be helpful t actively review them. 29 Yu may als find it helpful t speak with peple wh can engage in pen discussins abut their mral psitins.
30 It is what guides yur behavir in times when scietal rules regarding human rights and cnduct cnflict with yur beliefs. Just hld it firmly and prperly.
A．Hw des yur mral cmpass develp?
B．Yur mral cmpass is yur persnal guide.
C．What are the mdern cncepts f mral cmpass?
D．Nt everyne wuld reach the final level in their lifetime.
E．Anther way is by learning abut the scieties arund yu.
F．They may change as yu face new experiences and gain life lessns.
G．Sme f these values, which affect yur judgement, make up yur mral cmpass.
【答案】26．G 27．F 28．A 29．E 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是道德指南针、道德准则如何发展以及如何找到自己的道德指南针。
26．根据上文“Yur mral cmpass, cnscience, and ethics may all sund like the same set f values, but yur mral cmpass can smetimes steer yu away frm rigid scietal laws. Thus, when yu’re faced with a decisin, hw yu react is ften driven by persnal values yu’ve acquired. (你的道德指南针、良心和伦理可能听起来都是同一套价值观，但你的道德指南针有时会引导你远离严格的社会法律。因此，当你面临一个决定时，你的反应通常是由你已经获得的个人价值观驱动的)”可知，上文提到面临决定个人价值观会影响反应，说明价值观会构成道德指南针。故G选项“其中一些价值观会影响你的判断，从而构成你的道德指南针”符合语境，故选G。
27．根据上文“Mrality is what defines whether an actin is perceived as gd r bad. Mrals guide yur individual behavir within a sciety, which aren’t fixed. (道德定义了一个行为是好是坏。道德在社会中指导你的个人行为，这是不固定的)”可知，本句承接上文说明道德发生改变的情况。故F选项“当你面对新的经历和获得人生教训时，它们可能会改变”符合语境，故选F。
28．根据后文“Accrding t mdern psychlgists, mral develpment is a part f three phases in childhd. (现代心理学家认为，道德发展是童年三个阶段的一部分)”可知，本部分的主旨是道德准则是如何发展的。故A选项“你的道德准则是如何发展？”符合语境，故选A。
29．根据后文“Yu may als find it helpful t speak with peple wh can engage in pen discussins abut their mral psitins. (你可能还会发现，与那些能够公开讨论自己道德立场的人交谈是很有帮助的)”可知，后文提到了与能够公开讨论自己道德立场的人交谈，即通过周围的社会了解自己道德准则。故E选项“另一种方法是了解你周围的社会”符合语境，故选E。
30．根据后文“It is what guides yur behavir in times when scietal rules regarding human rights and cnduct cnflict with yur beliefs. Just hld it firmly and prperly. (当有关人权和行为的社会规则与你的信仰发生冲突时，它会指导你的行为。只要牢牢地握好就行了)”可知，本段主要说明了道德指南针可以指导个人行为。故B选项“你的道德指南针是你的个人指导”符合语境，故选B。
Passage 7
（2023·山东聊城·统考三模）Lng befre metal ven racks (架子) were invented, many peple wuld place the things that they wanted t bake nt stnes t keep them frm burning in vens r even directly n heat. 31 Hwever, there are actually many applicatins fr its use in baking.
Typical baking stnes can be made f varius materials, and tend t be either rund r rectangular in shape. The clay stne is ppular, but sme peple like marble. Sme have a shiny surface and thers dn’t have. 32 Sme peple suggest that heading t the lcal kitchen supply stre t purchase a baking stne is a waste f time and instead they purchase tiles (瓦片) frm kitchen r gardening stres. 33 They may cntain high amunts f lead and cks wuld need t test them fr the presence f lead befre using them t ck.
34 Baking stnes absrb and keep heat very well, s when yu put them in the ven and allw the ven t run fr a while, the stnes heat up. They transfer heat directly t the bttm f yur bread r ther gds, as the gds can be placed directly n the stne s they never start ut n a cld surface. This allws bread t bake mre evenly all ver, resulting in a much nicer crust (酥皮)—particularly fr artisan bread.
There are many benefits f using a baking stne t ck pizza r bread. 35 Fr anther, the stne is als praised fr its ability t evenly heat the crust and lessen chances that pizza r ther bread will burn.
A．The way that baking stnes wrk is simple.
B．Baking stnes can be fund in all shapes and sizes.
C．Fr ne thing, it tends t prduce mre desirable qualities.
D．That makes them uniquely useful fr many cking creatins.
E．Tday, the baking stne is assciated mst with cking pizza.
F．S yu can chse frm a great variety f stnes n the market.
G．Hwever, mst f these prducts are nt rated fr safety in cking.
【答案】31．E 32．F 33．G 34．A 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了烘培石做披萨和面包的好处以及它在烘焙中有很多其它的应用。
31．上文“Lng befre metal ven racks (架子) were invented, many peple wuld place the things that they wanted t bake nt stnes t keep them frm burning in vens r even directly n heat.”（早在金属烤架发明之前，许多人就会把他们想烤的东西放在石头上，以防止它们在烤箱中烧焦，甚至直接加热。）引出话题，提到人们把想烤的东西放在石头上。下文“Hwever, there are actually many applicatins fr its use in baking.”（然而，实际上它在烘焙中有很多应用。）说明在烘焙中有很多应用。结合选项E项Tday, the baking stne is assciated mst with cking pizza.（今天，烘焙石与制作披萨联系最为紧密。）起到上下文的承上启下作用，下文是对上文的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
32．根据上文“The clay stne is ppular, but sme peple like marble. Sme have a shiny surface and thers dn’t have.”（粘土石很受欢迎，但有些人喜欢大理石。有些有闪亮的表面，有些则没有。）可知，说明不同的选择。结合选项F项S yu can chse frm a great variety f stnes n the market.（所以你可以从市场上各种各样的石头中选择。）可知，和上文内容相关，形成因果关系，为上文内容的语意递进。故选F项。
33．根据下文“They may cntain high amunts f lead and cks wuld need t test them fr the presence f lead befre using them t ck.”（他们可能含有大量的铅，厨师在用它们做饭之前需要测试它们是否含有铅。）说明不安全的原因。可推知，上文为关于安全的内容。结合选项G项Hwever, mst f these prducts are nt rated fr safety in cking.（然而，这些产品中的大多数都没有被评为烹饪安全。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
34．根据下文“Baking stnes absrb and keep heat very well, s when yu put them in the ven and allw the ven t run fr a while, the stnes heat up.”（烘烤的石头吸收和保持热量非常好，所以当你把它们放在烤箱里，让烤箱运行一会儿，石头就会变热。）说明烘烤的石头的方法。结合选项A项The way that baking stnes wrk is simple.（烘烤石头的方法很简单。）和下文内容意思一致，为总结下文内容。故选A项。
35．上文“There are many benefits f using a baking stne t ck pizza r bread.”（用烤石做披萨或面包有很多好处。）说明烤石做披萨的好处。下文“Fr anther, the stne is als praised fr its ability t evenly heat the crust and lessen chances that pizza r ther bread will burn.”（另一方面，这种石头也因为它能均匀地加热面包皮和减少披萨或其他面包烧焦的机会而受到称赞。）说明烤石做披萨好处的原因之一。故可推断空格处内容为另外一种做披萨好处的原因。结合选项C项Fr ne thing, it tends t prduce mre desirable qualities.（首先，它往往会产生更理想的品质。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
Passage 8
（2023·河南安阳·统考三模）Winter is ne f the mst magical times f the year t get mving. 36 Hwever, when yu wake up in the mrning, it can be hard t fllw thrugh n an exercise cmmitment. Here are ways t keep that drive ging thrughut the cld mnths.
Wrk ut with a grup. 37 This gives yu scial supprt and can help with making friends. When yu exercise with a grup, flaking ut (入睡) is n lnger an ptin.
Dress fr the weather. When yu are wrking ut in the winter, especially if yu are exercising utdrs, keep yurself ut f the cld in warm layers (层). 38 Make sure the tp layer keeps ut the snw and rain. If yu plan t exercise utside in the dark r in bad weather, where visibility is prer, wear bright and reflective clthing fr safety.
Change up yur wrkut. 39 Ding the same type f training can be demtivating. Thse wh vary their wrkut rutines are 20% likelier t enjy the exercise sessin. Switching up yur rutine can give yu a bst f mtivatin, and help keep winter wrkuts fun and enjyable.
40 Using phne apps, r a fitbit, r even ging lw tech and marking yur calendar in red pen can help yu visualize hw yu’ve prgressed thus far. Finding a system that lets yu track yur exercise achievements can give yu the extra push t get yu ging when the ging gets hard.
New Year’s reslutins are a great pprtunity t start an exercise rutine. Sure wrking ut during the winter may be an uphill battle, but there are strategies t get us ver the hill, and nt a healthier, happier new year.
A．Track yur training.
B．Variety is imprtant t enjy exercise.
C．Yu can make yur wrkuts enjyable.
D．Yur layers shuld be, nt just warm, but dry.
E．Use an app t remind yu f an exercise rutine.
F．Winter wrkuts give us energy t get thrugh winter’s cld days.
G．One way t stay mtivated during winter is t wrk ut with a grup r a partner.
【答案】36．F 37．G 38．D 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让人在冬季保持锻炼的动力的方法。
36．根据前文“Winter is ne f the mst magical times f the year t get mving.（冬天是一年中最适合运动的季节之一。）”可知，前文提到冬季适合运动，F项“Winter wrkuts give us energy t get thrugh winter’s cld days.（冬季锻炼给我们能量来度过冬天的寒冷日子。）”符合语境，承接前文解释原因。故选F。
37．根据前文“Wrk ut with a grup.（和一群人一起锻炼。）”可知，本段介绍和一群人锻炼，G项“One way t stay mtivated during winter is t wrk ut with a grup r a partner.（在冬天保持动力的一个方法是和一群人或一个伙伴一起锻炼。）”符合语境，后文的“This”指代其中的“t wrk ut with a grup r a partner”。故选G。
38．根据前文“When yu are wrking ut in the winter, especially if yu are exercising utdrs, keep yurself ut f the cld in warm layers (层).（当你在冬天锻炼的时候，尤其是在户外锻炼的时候，穿上保暖的衣服御寒。）”和后文“Make sure the tp layer keeps ut the snw and rain.（确保最外面的一层衣服能挡住雪和雨。）”可知，此处讨论冬季锻炼的穿衣，衣物要具备特定的功能，D项“Yur layers shuld be, nt just warm, but dry.（你的衣服不仅要保暖，还要干燥。）”符合语境，其中的“warm”和前文的“warm layers”呼应，“dry”和后文的“keeps ut the snw and rain”呼应，说明另一个功能。故选D。
39．根据后文“Ding the same type f training can be demtivating.（做同样的训练可能会让人失去动力。）”可知，此处解释重复做同样的训练的坏处，B项“Variety is imprtant t enjy exercise.（多样化对于享受运动很重要。）”符合语境，其中的“Variety”和前文的“Change up”呼应，强调做不同运动的好处。。故选B。
40．空处位于段首，需统领段落内容，且和前文其他段落首句同样使用祈使句。根据后文“Using phne apps, r a fitbit, r even ging lw tech and marking yur calendar in red pen can help yu visualize hw yu’ve prgressed thus far.（使用手机应用程序，或者手环，甚至是低技术含量的东西，用红笔在日历上做标记，都能帮助你可视化到目前为止的进展情况。）”可知，本段介绍要了解运动的进展，空处会简洁地说明这一点。A项“Track yur training.（跟踪你的训练。）”符合语境，其中的“Track”和后文的“track”呼应。故选A。
Passage 9
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）It’s cmmnly thught that peple get int bad financial situatins because f pr decisin-making skills. 41 In fact, several studies ver the last decade have demnstrated that the cause and effect may be mre cmplex than is widely believed.
42 Scientists first asked the study participants a series f questins that made them think abut their persnal incme and savings. They were then asked t slve a number f puzzles. Thse in better financial situatins perfrmed better at slving the puzzles than thse in financial truble. Hwever, when the test was repeated withut making the participants think abut their wn finances, the differences in perfrmance between the rich and pr disappeared. 43
In a separate study cnducted in 2018 at the University f Texas, the brains f mre than 300 peple aged between 20 and 89 were scanned and analyzed fr signs f gd cgnitive functin. Amng thse aged between 35 and 64, it was fund that thse with better financial situatins had healthier brains, including characteristics linked t having a better memry and a lwer risk f dementia when elderly. Hwever, in yunger adults (thse aged 20 t 34), there did nt seem t be any cnnectin between wealth and brain health. 44
It’s nt difficult t guess why pverty might have these effects. Peple wh live in prer cnditins ften have difficulty affrding healthy fd. 45 And always wrrying abut having enugh mney t pay rent r put fd n the table puts cnstant demands n the brain, leaving less prcessing pwer available fr critical thinking. Indeed, it culd be said that pverty is a vicius cycle, keeping peple trapped by taking away their best means f escape-their ability t make smart decisins.
A．But is pverty really caused by pr thinking?
B．Unwise decisins peple make, t a greater degree, cntribute t tight budgets.
C．They are mre affected by negative envirnmental elements such as pllutin.
D．Taken tgether, these results indicate that lng-term pverty nly gradually causes wear and tear n the brain.
E．Therefre, the scientists cncluded that pr thinking plays a majr part in ne’s future financial cnditin.
F．This suggested that the distractin f wrrying abut their bad finances made the pr peple perfrm wrse than thse with n financial wrries.
G．One study in the jurnal Science in 2013 shwed that peple’s abilities t slve prblems can be significantly affected by their current financial situatin.
【答案】41．A 42．G 43．F 44．D 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了人们陷入糟糕的财务状况是否真的是因为糟糕的决策能力，并且分析了贫困给人们带来的不好的影响。
41．根据空前内容“It’s cmmnly thught that peple get int bad financial situatins because f pr decisin-making skills.(人们普遍认为，人们陷入糟糕的财务状况是因为糟糕的决策能力)”可知，上文提到的是人们陷入糟糕的财务状况是因为糟糕的决策能力。而下文“In fact, several studies ver the last decade have demnstrated that the cause and effect may be mre cmplex than is widely believed.(事实上，过去十年的几项研究表明，因果关系可能比人们普遍认为的要复杂得多)”则认为答案不是那么简单。选项A“But is pverty really caused by pr thinking?(但是，贫穷真的是由糟糕的思维造成的吗？)”对上文观点提出质疑，同时引出下文，也就是本文的主题——人们陷入糟糕的财务状况的原因很复杂。故选A。
42．根据下文“Scientists first asked the study participants a series f questins that made them think abut their persnal incme and savings. They were then asked t slve a number f puzzles.(科学家首先向研究参与者提出了一系列问题，让他们思考自己的个人收入和储蓄。然后他们被要求解决一些谜题)”可知，科学家们进行了一个实验，想弄清楚个人经济状况和解决谜题之间是否有联系。选项G“One study in the jurnal Science in 2013 shwed that peple’s abilities t slve prblems can be significantly affected by their current financial situatin.(2013年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，人们解决问题的能力可能会受到当前经济状况的显著影响)”与下文内容一致，故选G。
43．根据上文内容“Thse in better financial situatins perfrmed better at slving the puzzles than thse in financial truble. Hwever, when the test was repeated withut making the participants think abut their wn finances, the differences in perfrmance between the rich and pr disappeared.(那些财务状况较好的人比那些财务困难的人在解决谜题方面表现得更好。然而，当在不让参与者考虑自己财务状况的情况下重复测试时，富人和穷人之间的表现差异就消失了)”可知，根据研究结果，我们可以推断人们解决问题的能力会受到自己经济状况的影响。选项F“This suggested that the distractin f wrrying abut their bad finances made the pr peple perfrm wrse than thse with n financial wrries.(这表明，担心自己糟糕的财务状况会使穷人的表现比那些没有财务问题的人更差)”是上文研究的总结，符合上文内容。故选F。
44．根据上文内容“In a separate study cnducted in 2018 at the University f Texas, the brains f mre than 300 peple aged between 20 and 89 were scanned and analyzed fr signs f gd cgnitive functin. Amng thse aged between 35 and 64, it was fund that thse with better financial situatins had healthier brains, including characteristics linked t having a better memry and a lwer risk f dementia when elderly. Hwever, in yunger adults (thse aged 20 t 34), there did nt seem t be any cnnectin between wealth and brain health.(在2018年德克萨斯大学进行的另一项研究中，对300多名年龄在20岁至89岁之间的人的大脑进行了扫描和分析，以寻找良好认知功能的迹象。研究发现，在35岁至64岁的人群中，经济状况较好的人大脑更健康，包括记忆力更好、老年痴呆症风险更低等特征。然而，在年轻人(年龄在20到34岁之间)中，财富和大脑健康之间似乎没有任何联系)”可知，研究人员进行了研究，以探究贫困和大脑健康之间的联系。选项D“Taken tgether, these results indicate that lng-term pverty nly gradually causes wear and tear n the brain.(综上所述，这些结果表明长期贫困只会逐渐导致大脑的磨损)”是上文研究结果的总结，该研究表明，长期贫困会对大脑无益。故选D。
45．根据段首句“It’s nt difficult t guess why pverty might have these effects.(难猜测为什么贫穷会产生这些影响)”可知，本段分析了贫困为什么会有这些不好的影响。选项C“They are mre affected by negative envirnmental elements such as pllutin.(他们更容易受到污染等负面环境因素的影响)”指的正是贫困给人们带来的不好的影响，与空前“Peple wh live in prer cnditins ften have difficulty affrding healthy fd.(生活条件较差的人往往难以负担得起健康食品)”以及空后“And always wrrying abut having enugh mney t pay rent r put fd n the table puts cnstant demands n the brain, leaving less prcessing pwer available fr critical thinking.(总是担心是否有足够的钱支付房租或把食物放在桌子上，这对大脑提出了不断的要求，从而减少了批判性思维的处理能力)”内容上保持一致。故选C。
Passage 10
（2023·河南·校联考三模）Keeping a schedule fr yur day will help yu manage yur time mre efficiently. 46 Scheduling yur day allws yu t self- regulate and track yur wn behavir by keeping recrds f what yu need t d and have dne.
Obtain a calendar r planner. Make sure the calendar has apprpriate space fr yu t list yur tasks. Sme calendars ffer weekly, daily, r hurly planners. A ntebk can als be used. Chse whatever best suits yur wants and needs. Whatever yu chse, cmmit t yur chice. D nt try t have ne planner fr wrk, ne fr schl, etc. 47
Organize yur tasks. Electrnic calendars allw yu t mark tasks in different clrs. Fr example, yu can clr wrk-related things red, schl-related things blue, husewrk green, vacatins range, and exercise pink. 48 Simply use clred pens r pencils r highlighters. Once yu’ve differentiated the different types f tasks yu need t schedule, yu can wrk t priritize them.
Schedule a time fr each task. 49 Fr example, yu may have scheduled time in a given day t study (2 hurs), wrk ut (1 hur), write tw emails (30 minutes), and walk the dg (30 minutes). It’s key t allw yu the necessary amunt f time t cmplete each task; yu’ll nly stress yurself ut if yu schedule yurself t tightly and aren’t realistic abut the amunt f time things take.
50 Keep sme free space at the bttm f yur schedule fr lw-pririty things cming up later in the week. If yu have time tday r at any ther pint during yur week, yu can begin wrking n thse items t get ahead. These additinal tasks might include ging thrugh yur clset r rganizing yur tax filing system at hme.
A．Mark yur priritized tasks.
B．Leave space in yur schedule.
C．Everything shuld be in ne place.
D．Write hw lng yu expect t spend n each task.
E．Yu can get mre dne and are less likely t frget tasks.
F．Mst peple generally underestimate the amunt f time tasks take.
G．Yu can als d this easily if yu’re using a paper calendar r ntebk.
【答案】46．E 47．C 48．G 49．D 50．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些充分利用学习时间的建议。
46．根据前文“Keeping a schedule fr yur day will help yu manage yur time mre efficiently.( 每天制定一个时间表将帮助你更有效地管理你的时间)”可知，制定一个时间表，你会更有效地管理时间，你就可以做得更多，也不太可能忘记任务或分心。因此推断E项“你可以做得更多的工作，也不太可能忘记任务”符合文意，故选E。
47．前文“Whatever yu chse, cmmit t yur chice. D nt try t have ne planner fr wrk, ne fr schl, etc.( 无论你选择什么，都要坚持你的选择。不要试图为工作制定一个计划，为学习制定一个计划，等等)”讲述制定一个计划，不要制定过多的计划，因此推断C项“所有东西都应该放在一个地方”符合语境，进一步解释要制定一个计划表，讲所有计划都放在上面。故选C。
48．前文“Electrnic calendars allw yu t mark tasks in different clrs. Fr example, yu can clr wrk-related things red, schl-related things blue, husewrk green, vacatins range, and exercise pink.( 电子日历让你用不同的颜色标记任务。例如，你可以把与工作有关的东西涂成红色，把与学校有关的东西涂成蓝色，把家务涂成绿色，把假期涂成橙色，把锻炼涂成粉红色。)”讲述在电子日历上使用不同颜色标记不同任务，下文“Simply use clred pens r pencils r highlighters.( 简单地使用彩色钢笔、铅笔或荧光笔)”讲述了另一种标记方式，因此推断空处提到了另一种记录方式，因此推断G项“如果你使用纸质日历或笔记本，你也可以很容易地做到这一点”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。
49．根据首句“Schedule a time fr each task.( 为每项任务安排一个时间)”可知，本段讲述时间安排，下文“Fr example, yu may have scheduled time in a given day t study (2 hurs), wrk ut (1 hur), write tw emails (30 minutes), and walk the dg (30 minutes).(例如，你可以在一天中安排时间学习(2小时)，锻炼(1小时)，写两封邮件(30分钟)，遛狗(30分钟)。)”举例说明如何安排时间，每项任务花费多长时间，因此推断D项“写下你预计在每项任务上花费的时间”符合语境，开启下文。故选D。
50．空处是段落主旨。根据下文“Keep sme free space at the bttm f yur schedule fr lw-pririty things cming up later in the week. If yu have time tday r at any ther pint during yur week，yu can begin wrking n thse items t get ahead. These additinal tasks might include ging thrugh yur clset r rganizing yur tax filing system at hme.(在你的日程表底部留一些空闲的空间来处理本周晚些时候不重要的事情。如果你今天或这周的其他时间有时间，你可以开始做这些事情来取得进展。这些额外的任务可能包括整理你的衣柜或在家里整理你的税务申报系统。)”可知，本段建议在你的计划表上留出空间记录其他不太重要的事情，因此推断B项“在你的日程安排中留下空间”为最佳标题。故选B。