2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市一中高三上学期月考（一）英语试题含解析

这是一份2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市一中高三上学期月考（一）英语试题含解析，共60页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷(一)
英语
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标农试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上
第一节 (步5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下列5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ₤19.15. B.₤9.18. C. ₤9.15.
答案是C。
1. What is the woman going to do first?
A. Get her bag back. B. Drive to the library. C. Search for the car key
2. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Parent and child. B. Brother and sister. C.Husband and wife.
3. What will the man do next?
A. Pay duty. B. Hand in a camera. C.Drink some whiskey
4. What does the man think might help the woman.gee clearly?
A. Blowing in the eyes. B. Closing the eyes. C. Moving the eyes.
5. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a supermarket. B.At a restaurant. C. At a cinema.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How often does the woman check her phone?
A. Every five minutes. B. Every two hour. C. Every two days.
7. Where does the man get his information?
A. From an iPad. B. From his phone. C. From a computer.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8 How will the woman travel around Italy?
A. By plane. B. By train. C. By car
9. Where will the woman go first tomorrow?
A. The clothes shop. B. The post office. C. The bank.
10.How does the woman travel Italy?
A.Understanding. B. Expectant. C. Puzzled
11. who gave the speakers the dining table?
A. The woman’s parents. B. The man’s uncle. C. Their friend.
12 which of the following do the speakers agree to buy?
A.A bed and a coffee table.
B. A cupboard and a floor lamp.
C. Two night tables and a couch
13. what are the speakers likely to do next?
A. Return home. B. Watch a game. C. Go to another store
听第9段材料,回答第`14至17题。
14. How does the woman feel?
A.Sick. B. Bored. C. Stressed
15.How long has the woman been feeling like this?
A. About one week. B. About two weeks. C. About four weeks
16. What helped the man’s sister?
A. Taking herbal medicines. B. Cooking her own food. C. Eating less sugar.
17. What will the man do for the woman?
A. Read her book. B. Bake her some cakes. C.Pour her a cup of tea.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.How many items of clothing are made every year?
A. 100 billion. B. 60 billion. C. 30 billion.
19. What causes the problem of clothing waste according to the speaker?
A. The high productivity
B. The way of buying clothes.
C. The strict rules of recycling.
20. What is the talk mainly about?
A. People’s pursuit of fashion.
B. Clothing production process
C. Effects of fast fashion on the environment.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Dramatic progress has been witnessed in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from those great contributions some ancient famous doctors made ant some experience they accumulated. The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.
Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo (145—208), famous physician of the late Eastern Han dynasty, also named Fu, was born at Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). He led a simple life, away from fame and fortune. He would rather become a traveling physician for ordinary people.
Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields, such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics and acupuncture. He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia (by applying Ma Fei San, a herbal anesthetic he invented) some 1,600 years before Europeans did.
Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing (150—219), also known as Zhang Ji, was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han dynasty. He lived in today’s Nanyang in Henan Province. He was known as the “medical sage” by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM.
During his time, with warlords (军阀) fighting for their own territories, many people were infected with fertility, an illness caused by fever. Zhang’s family was no exception. The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine. He learned medicine by studying from his town’s fellow Zhan Bozu, absorbing previous medicinal literature, collecting many prescriptions; and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun. Unfortunately shortly after its publication the book was lost during wartime.
Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen (1518—1593) was a famous medical scientist the Ming dynasty. He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor. He not only paid attention to accumulating experience in curing diseases, but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced.
On this basis, it took 27 years to compile (编著) the pharmaceutical masterpiece, Compendium of Materia Medica, which is known as the “Encyclopedia of Ancient China” and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine China.
1. What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common?
A. Their books never come out.
B. They travelled extensively across China.
C. They led the way worldwide in their own experts
D. They contributed themselves to the development of TCM.
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Hua Tuo was desperate for reputation and fortune.
B. Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors.
C. Li Shizhen survived Zhang Zhongjing by 9 years.
D. Zhang Zhongjing’s medical masterpiece vanished before published.
3. In which section of a magazine may this passage appear?
A Healthy lifestyles. B. Daily entertainment.
C. Historical figures. D. Fitness management.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国古代三位名医。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Dramatic progress has been witnessed in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) which benefits from those great contributions some ancient famous doctors made ant some experience they accumulated. The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors. (中医学取得了巨大的进步，这得益于一些古代名医的巨大贡献和积累的一些经验。以下三位在古代名医中脱颖而出。)”可知，本文提及的三位名医对中医做出了巨大贡献。故选D。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Li Shizhen”下面的“He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor. (他从小就喜欢医学，并继承了他的祖先成为一名医生。)”可推知，李时珍出身于一个医学世家。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors. (以下三位在古代名医中脱颖而出。)”和下文的内容可知，本文主要介绍了华佗、张仲景、李时珍三位中国古代名医及其贡献，由此可推测出，本文最有可能在杂志的历史人物版块出现。故选C。
B
On March 25, 2010, Kate and David Ogg heard the words every parent fears: Their newborn wasn’t going to make it. Their twins -- a girl and a boy -- were born two minutes apart and exactly 14 weeks premature, weighing just over two pounds respectively. Doctors had tried to save the boy for 20 minute but saw no improvement. His heartbeat was nearly gone, and he’d stopped breathing. The baby had just moments to live.
“I saw him gasp (大口嘴气), but the doctor said it was no use,” Kate told the Daily Mail five years later. “I know it sounds stupid, but if he was still gasping, that was a sign of life. I wasn’t going to give up easily.”
Still, the Sydney couple knew this was likely goodbye. In an effort to cherish her last minutes with the tiny boy, Kate asked to hold him.
“I wanted to meet him, and for him to know us, ” Kate told Today. “We’d resigned ourselves the fact that we were going to lose him, and we were just trying to make the most of those last, precious moments.”
Kate unwrapped the boy, whom the couple had already named Jamie, from his hospital blanket and ordered David to take his Shirt off and join them in bed. The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his condition they then talked to him.
“We were trying to let him stay, ” Kate told the Daily Mail. “We explained his name and that he had a twin that he had to look out for and that how hard we had tried to have him.”
Then something unbelievable happened. Jamie gasped again and then he started breathing. Finally he reached for his father’s finger.
The couple’s lost boy had made it.
“We’re the luckiest people in the world,” David told Today. Eight years later, Jamie and his sister, Emily, are happy and healthy. The Oggs only recently told the kids the story of their birth. “Emily hardy-held back her tears,” Kate said, “and she kept hugging Jamie with great affection. This whole experience makes you cherish them more.” “They widened their eyes as if there were an apple in their mouths bearing the miraculous experience,” David added.
4. What can we learn about the twins?
A. They totally weighed less than 4 pounds.
B. They have been in bad condition since birth.
C. The couple attempted to save the boy but in vain.
D. They came to the world nearly100 days earlier than expected.
5. Which is the correct order of the following events?
a. The dying boy went back to normal.
b. The couple gave the boy a skin-to-skin contact.
c. The couple made the case for his name to the boy.
d. Doctors announced the approaching death of the boy.
A. d-a-c-b B. d-b-c-a C. c-b-a-d D. d-c-a-b
6. How did Emily feel when told the story or their birth?
A. Touched and challenged. B. Sad and confused.
C. Astonished and bored. D. Surprised and moved.
7. Which is a suitable title for the passage?
A. A life-giving touch. B. A successful medical attention.
C. A test from the God. D. First-time but devoted parents.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是龙凤胎中的男孩在出生时差点死掉，是父母爱的触碰才救回了他。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Their twins--a girl and a boy--were born two minutes apart and exactly 14 weeks premature, weighing just over two pounds respectively. (他们的双胞胎——一个女孩和一个男孩——早产14周，出生时间间隔两分钟，体重分别刚刚超过两磅。)”可知，他们比预期提前了将近100天来到这个世界。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段最后三句“Doctors had tried to save the boy for 20 minute but saw no improvement. His heartbeat was nearly gone, and he’d stopped breathing. The baby had just moments to live. (医生曾试图挽救这个男孩20分钟，但没有看到任何好转。他的心跳几乎停止了，呼吸也停止了。这个婴儿只有几分钟可活了。)”可知，医生宣布这个男孩即将死亡；根据第五段末句“ The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his condition they then talked to him. (这对第一次做父母的夫妇希望他们的儿子尽可能温暖，并希望皮肤接触能改善他的状况，然后他们和他交谈。)”可知，这对夫妇对男孩进行了肌肤接触；根据第六段““We were trying to let him stay, ” Kate told the Daily Mail. “We explained his name and that he had a twin that he had to look out for and that how hard we had tried to have him.” (“我们试图让他留下，”凯特告诉《每日邮报》。“我们解释了他的名字，他有一个双胞胎，他必须照顾，我们多么努力地想要得到他。”)”可知，这对夫妇向男孩提出了他的名字；根据第八段“The couple’s lost boy had made it. (这对夫妇将要死去的儿子活了过来。)”可知，儿子恢复到正常。即事情的发展顺序为：医生宣布孩子即将死亡——夫妇要求和儿子肌肤接触——夫妇还告诉儿子他的名字——儿子恢复正常。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后最后三句““Emily hardy-held back her tears,” Kate said, “and she kept hugging Jamie with great affection. This whole experience makes you cherish them more.” “They widened their eyes as if there were an apple in their mouths bearing the miraculous experience,” David added. (“艾米丽强忍着眼泪，”凯特说，“她一直深情地拥抱着杰米。这整个经历让你更加珍惜他们。大卫补充说：“他们睁大了眼睛，好像嘴里有个苹果一样，见证了这一神奇的经历。”)”可知，艾米丽听到杰米的出生故事既惊讶又感动。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据首段“On March 25, 2010, Kate and David Ogg heard the words every parent fears: Their newborn wasn’t going to make it. (2010年3月25日，凯特和大卫·奥格听到了每个父母都担心的话：他们的新生儿可能活不下去了。)”，第五段末句“The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his condition they then talked to him. (这对第一次做父母的夫妇希望他们的儿子尽可能温暖，并希望皮肤接触能改善他的状况，然后他们和他交谈。)”以及倒数第二段“The couple’s lost boy had made it. (这对夫妇要失去的儿子活了下来。)”可知，文章主要讲的是龙凤胎中的男孩在出生时差点死掉，是父母爱的触碰才救回了他。故选A。
C
We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are jammed with traffic, creating poisonous gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be?
There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done?The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. Here are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into.
Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid-state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress cars. These will charge more quickly, and give cars a a bigger range.”
Cost is another issue that may deter people switching to electric power. But some countries offer encouraging measures, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the Country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1,000 inhabitants.
But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future.
8. What makes global traffic difficult to be totally electric according to the second paragraph?
A. A ban of the UK government. B. Lack of petrol.
C. The small number of charging points. D. A low battery quality.
9. According to Colin Herron, what can we learn?
A. Solid-state batteries will allow electric cars to travel farther.
B. Electric cars will indeed make for a zero-carbon future.
C. Solid-state batteries will be initially employed in electric cars.
D. Big progress has been made in laptops and mobile phones.
10. What does the underlined word “deter” mean in the fourth paragraph?
A. Block. B. Suggest. C. Leave. D. Catch.
11. What will be most probably talked about next?
A. The huge potential of electric cars.
B. The unfavorable future of electric cars.
C. The eagerness for a zero-carbon future.
D. The reasons for not achieving a zero-carbon future.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。英国曾于2020年宣布从2030年起禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，这引起了人们的广泛关注。但是，说起来容易做起来难，全球汽车产业电动化还有很长的路要走。本文战谈电动汽车存在的问题及可能的解决方案。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. Here are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into. (目前，电池寿命是一个问题——一个充满电的电池不能像一箱汽油那样带你走得远。这里可供电动汽车充电的充电站数量也有限。)”可知，充电点比较少是其中一个问题。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“The big leap forward will come with solid-state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress cars. These will charge more quickly, and give cars a a bigger range. (固态电池将带来巨大的飞跃，它将首先出现在手机和笔记本电脑上，然后才会用在汽车上。充电速度更快，续航里程更大。)”可知，固体电池可以让车开得更远。故选A。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段前两句“Cost is another issue that may deter people switching to electric power. But some countries offer encouraging measures, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. (成本是另一个可能 人们转向电力的问题。但一些国家提供了令人鼓舞的措施，例如通过降低进口税来降低价格，不收取道路税和停车费。)”可知，“But”前后为转折关系。其后为国家的鼓励措施，故可推知，其前应为电力车推广的阻碍因素。故“deter”词义应为“阻碍”。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. (但科林·赫伦警告说，“电动汽车”并不意味着零碳的未来。)”可知，接下来的部分可能讨论不能实现零碳未来的原因。故选D。
D
For most people, death is hard to think about. We tend to avoid the subject—involuntarily, even. The philosopher Stephen Cave offers one explanation for this avoidance in his 2012 book, Immorality. “Death,” he writes, “presents itself as both inevitable and impossible.” You can know rationally that you will die, yet struggle to understand your nonexistence. Put another way, you cannot be conscious of your own consciousnesses.
So we dismiss death form our thoughts. But this leads us to make choice in life that actually reduce our happiness. People who express more regrets tend to be those who postpone profound activities that yield meaning, such as appreciating beauty or spending more time with loved ones. When we avoid thoughts of death, we unconsciously assume that tomorrow will look a lot like today, so we can do tomorrow what we could today. But when we focus on death, that increases the stakes at play in the present, and clarifies what we should do with our time.
By forcing ourselves to think about death, our resources-use decisions change. I ask my 20-something graduate students to estimate how many Thanksgivings they realistically have left with their parents, and then to consider how they should spend those remaining occasions. This usually simulates a strong emotional reaction. But it can also alter such decisions as where they choose to live and work. This highlights that facing discomfort and thinking seriously about the impermanence of your mortal life are important for making decisions that enhance your happiness.
There are other benefits. For example, paradoxical though it may seem, considering death can encourage positive thinking, as researchers found in 2007. People prepared to think about their death tended to focus on favorable emotional information around them, and to interpret random words in a pleasanter way. You begin to think extremely clearly, and realize that you have a choice about how to see present moment—and choose the positive.
If you insist ignoring your own death, you are likely to make decisions that cause you to sleepwalk through life. You may not be dead yet, but you are not fully alive either. If you can look across that border with resolve and confidence, you will experience every day fully and deeply.
12. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. People’s fear of death. B. People’s escape from death.
C. People’s acceptance of death. D. People’s struggle against death.
13. What will happen to us if we don’t focus on death?
A. Enjoying a lot more happiness.
B. Taking better advantage of time.
C. Postponing big things until tomorrow.
D. Engaging in more meaningful activities.
14. What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning his graduate students?
A. To argue for the changes in making big decisions.
B. To show doubts about facing discomfort of death.
C. To compare students’ different attitudes to death.
D. To argue against the necessity of considering death.
15. What does the author suggest readers do in the passage?
A. Avoid thinking about your death.
B. Live a better life by ignoring death.
C. Step away from death and live better.
D. Think about your death and live better.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了我们倾向于回避死亡这个话题，但实际上思考死亡有许多好处。
【12题详解】
段落大意题。根据第一段第一句“For most people, death is hard to think about. We tend to avoid the subject—involuntarily, even.(对大多数人来说，死亡是难以想象的。我们甚至会不由自主地回避这个话题。)”并结合下文内容可知，本段主要讲述了人们通常回避死亡这个话题。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。第二段中的“When we avoid thoughts of death, we unconsciously assume that tomorrow will look a lot like today, so we can do tomorrow what we could today.(当我们避免死亡的想法时，我们会无意识地认为明天会和今天很像，所以我们会在明天做今天能做的事。)”可知，如果我们不思考死亡，我们就可能把大事推到明天才做。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词“his graduate students”定位到第三段的第二句。结合例子前面必有论点，即第三段第一句“By forcing ourselves to think about death, our resources-use decisions change.(通过强迫我们思考死亡，我们的资源使用决策发生了变化。)”可以推断出，作者提到他的研究生是为了论证思考死亡使做决定方面发生的变化。所以答案选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，根据第一段第一句“For most people, death is hard to think about. We tend to avoid the subject—involuntarily, even.(对大多数人来说，死亡是难以想象的。我们甚至会不由自主地回避这个话题。)”可知，本段主要讲述了我们倾向于回避死亡这个话题；根据第二段前两句“So we dismiss death form our thoughts. But this leads us to make choice in life that actually reduce our happiness.(所以我们把死亡从我们的思想中剔除。但这导致我们在生活中做出的选择实际上降低了我们的幸福感。)”可知，本段主要讲述了回避死亡话题产生的不良影响；根据第三段第一句“By forcing ourselves to think about death, our resources-use decisions change.(通过强迫我们思考死亡，我们的资源使用决策发生了变化。)”、第四段第一句“There are other benefits.(还有其他好处。)”可知，第三、四段主要讲述了思考死亡话题的好处；根据最后一段中的“If you can look across that border with resolve and confidence, you will experience every day fully and deeply.(如果你能以坚定和自信的态度越过这一边界去看，你将充分而深刻地体验每一天。)”表明态度，思考死亡话题可以让人充分而深刻地体验每一天。由此可推测出，作者写这篇文章想要建议读者能够思考死亡这个话题，更好地去生活。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Report reveals CIA behind “Color Revolutions”
Recently, the National Computer Virus Emergency Response Center released a report entitled Empire of Hacking: The US Central Intelligence Agency. ___16___ .
According to statistics, the CIA has intervened (干预) in or attempted to overthrow at least 50 legitimate (合法的) governments and caused unrest in numerous other countries over the years,___17___. Examples of these interventions include the collapse of the socialist camp in the 1980s, the “Velvet Revolution”, “Rose Revolution”, “Orange Revolution”, “Tulip Revolution”, and “Snow Revolution” in various countries, and the “Green Revolution” and “Arab Spring”. Analyzing these events reveals that the successful organization of such “Color Revolutions” depends on the use of communication and command technologies, in which the US is a leading power.
___18___. This facilitated the technological advances for US intelligence agencies to carry lout “Color Revolutions” abroad. The Internet also played a major role in the “Arab Spring”, with certain US-based multinational Internet companies actively intervening in the form of disinformation, support for anti-government actions, and other methods. ___19___. Twitter and Google quickly created “Speak2Tweet” to help anti-government personnel in countries like Egypt and Tunisia maintain contact with the outside world. RAND developed “stampede”, a system that allowed proprietors to connect to the Internet, resulting in improved on-site command for demonstrations “RIOT”, a software that supports independent wireless broadband and anti-jamming Wi-Fi, was also developed to avoid censorship (审查) and surveillance (监视).
The US Department of State also invested more than $ 30 million in the research and development of anti-censorship systems. ___20___.
A. though it has only admitted to seven
B. The Internet developed rapidly at that time
C. since these countries conducted “Color Revolutions”
D. The US led the promotion of the Internet to the international market in the 1980s
E. That the CIA has been secretly conducting “Color Revolutions” around the world for a long time is reported
F. Therefore, the CIA conducted several “Color Revolutions” worldwide with the help of these tools and technologies
G. These companies also provided encrypted (加密的) network communication services, such as TOR, to avoid censorship and surveillance
【答案】16. E 17. A 18. D 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述美国国家计算机病毒应急响应中心发布的报告显示，美国中央情报局长期以来一直在世界各地秘密进行“颜色革命”。
【16题详解】
上文“Recently, the National Computer Virus Emergency Response Center released a report entitled Empire of Hacking: The US Central Intelligence Agency.(近日，美国国家计算机病毒应急响应中心发布了一份题为《黑客帝国：美国中央情报局》的报告)”提到，美国国家计算机病毒应急响应中心发布了一份报告，E选项“据悉，美国中央情报局（CIA）长期以来一直在世界各地秘密进行‘颜色革命’”阐明report的内容，符合语境，且E项中“…is reported”与上文中的“report”呼应，故选E。
【17题详解】
根据前半句“According to statistics, the CIA has intervened (干预) in or attempted to overthrow at least 50 legitimate (合法的) governments and caused unrest in numerous other countries over the years(据统计，中情局多年来干预或试图推翻至少50个合法政府，并在许多其他国家造成动乱)”可知，中情局多年来干预或试图推翻至少50个合法政府，A选项“不过它只承认了七个”与上文形成转折关系，A项中的“it”指代上文的“the CIA”。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据下文“This facilitated the technological advances for US intelligence agencies to carry lout ‘Color Revolutions’ abroad. The Internet also played a major role in the ‘Arab Spring’(这为美国情报机构在国外实施‘颜色革命’提供了技术上的便利。互联网也在‘阿拉伯之春’中发挥了重要作用)”可知，空处应是提及互联网技术，指明下文This的指代内容，D选项“20世纪80年代，美国率先将互联网推向国际市场”符合语境，D项中“the promotion of the Internet”及“the international market”为关键信息，与后一句中的“the technological advances”及“abroad”相呼应。故选D。
【19题详解】
前一句中的“ with certain US-based multinational Internet companies actively intervening in the form of disinformation, support for anti-government actions, and other methods.(一些美国的跨国互联网公司以虚假信息、支持反政府行动和其他方式积极干预)”体现某些美国跨国互联网公司干预的方式，G选项“这些公司还提供加密的网络通信服务，如TOR，以避免审查和监视”也体现了干预的方式，与前文一致。故选G。
【20题详解】
空处位于文章结尾，结合全文内容以及上文“The US Department of State also invested more than $ 30 million in the research and development of anti-censorship systems.(美国国务院也在反审查系统的研发上投入了3000多万美元)”可知，F选项“因此，在这些工具和技术的帮助下，CIA在世界范围内进行了多次’颜色革命’。”对全文进行总结。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was just a typical morning of an ordinary workday. I was at the ___21___, on my way to the lab where I was a postdoctoral fellow. But something began to___22___inside me as I watched the people around me — headphones hanging from their ears, eyes cast down,___23___faces. They looked unhappy. And I realized that I was one of them. Suddenly, I could no longer___24___my work life and booked a one-way ticket to fly home.
Over the years, I had grown more competitive due to the ___25___of finishing my Ph.D. Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked and the effect of this competition was exactly the___26___of what I had hoped for. I began to feel lonely and lost. I became less and less ___27___in my scientific work. I hit my___28___point that day at the bus station. I had to end this. I emailed my professors, explaining that I had put the ___29___first and myself second for too long.
Shortly after I got back home, I started to receive some emails from my workmates — I guessed they expected me to join them again soon. After a few____30____asking how I was, in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life. Vulnerable (脆弱的) researchers were sticking their heads out of their shells (壳), seeking ____31____. It occurred to me that we all____32____sometimes, and our vulnerability seemed so much alike that I ____33____myself from all that had bothered me for days.____34____it can be win-win game, instead of one where one side gains while the other side loses. Working with others and asking for help doesn’t make my contributions____35____; it means we can all succeed.
21. A. store B. office C. station D. cafe shop
22. A. settle B. awaken C. disappear D. explode
23. A. reddish B. unique C. unfamiliar D. unsmiling
24. A. begin with B. get rid of C. proceed with D. get down to
25. A. response B. pressure C. commitment D. willingness
26. A. outcome B. opposite C. meaning D. alternative
27. A. responsible B. engaged C. aggressive D. productive
28. A. starting B. ending C. breaking D. boiling
29. A. fame B. honor C. partners D. occupation
30. A. lines B. jokes C. accounts D. greetings
31. A. help B. belief C. hardship D. answers
32. A. choked B. suffered C. relaxed D. hesitated
33. A. liberated B. discouraged C. protected D. excused
34. A. Actually B. Generally C. Eventually D. Fortunately
35. A. irregular B. improper C. illogical D. insignificant
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在车站等待去实验室的车时，发现了周围的人都不快乐，作者意识到自己长期以来致力于工作上的竞争而忽略了自身的快乐，于是请假回家了，而同事的邮件让作者意识到大家都是如此，与人合作并请求帮助并不会让自己的贡献变得不重要，相反它会让所有人都成功。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在车站，在去实验室的路上，我在那里做博士后。A. store商店；B. office办公室；C. station车站；D. cafe shop咖啡店。根据句中的“on my way to the lab”可知，作者在去实验室的路上，所以他此时是在车站。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我看着周围的人——耳机挂在耳朵上、眼睛低垂、不苟言笑，我的内心开始觉醒。A. settle解决；B. awaken(使)醒来；C. disappear消失；D. explode爆炸。根据下文中的“And I realized that I was one of them.(我意识到我就是其中之一)”可知，作者看到周围人的状况时，他的内心觉醒了。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. reddish微红的；B. unique独一无二的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. unsmiling表情冷漠的，不苟言笑的。根据下文中的“They looked unhappy.(他们看起来不高兴)”可知，这些人表情冷漠、不苟言笑。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：突然间，我再也无法继续我的工作生活了，于是订了一张回家的单程票。A. begin with以……开始；B. get rid of摆脱；C. proceed with继续做；D. get down to开始做。根据空后的“booked a one-way ticket to fly home”可知，作者心生厌倦，不愿再继续自己的工作生活了，就回家了。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，由于完成博士学位的压力，我变得更好竞争。A. response反应；B. pressure压力；C. commitment承诺；D. willingness愿意。根据句中的“grown more competitive”和常识可知，作者完成博士学业是很有压力的，所以变得更加爱竞争。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些本可以成为合作伙伴的人变成了我不喜欢的竞争对手，而这种竞争的效果与我所希望的完全相反。A. outcome结果；B. opposite反面；C. meaning意义；D. alternative可供选择的事物。and连接并列句，前后应表示顺承。根据and前的“Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked”可知，一些人本可以成为合作伙伴的人，结果却成了竞争对手，所以这种竞争的效果与作者原本的希望相反。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的科学工作效率越来越低。A. responsible负责的；B. engaged忙于；C. aggressive挑衅的，好斗的；D. productive多产的，富有成效的。根据前文“I began to feel lonely and lost.(我开始感到孤独和失落)”可知，作者的心态发生了变化，他感到孤独和失落，所以在科学工作中的效率也越来越低。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：那天我在公共汽车站达到了崩溃的地步。A. starting (point)(讨论或过程的)起点；B. ending (point)终点；C. breaking (point)(问题难以遏制的)顶点，极限；D. boiling (point)沸点。根据下文中的“I had to end this.(我不得不结束这一切)”可知，作者的情绪已经达到了崩溃的极限，所以才决定要结束一切。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给教授们发了一封电子邮件，解释说我长期以来一直把工作放在第一位，把自己放在第二位。A. fame名誉；B. honor荣誉；C. partners伙伴；D. occupation工作。根据空后的“and myself second”和上文中的“my work life”可知，作者长期以来把工作放在第一位，把自己放在第二位。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在用几行询问我怎么样后，许多人在电子邮件中表达了他们的学术生活压力。A. lines字行；B. jokes玩笑；C. accounts账户；D. greetings问候。根据句中的“in the emails”可知，在同事发来的邮件中，头几行问候了作者的情况。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：脆弱的研究人员把头伸出壳外寻求帮助。A. help帮助；B. belief信念；C. hardship困难；D. answers答案。根据下文中的“asking for help”可知，这里是指寻求帮助。此处作者把研究人员比作带壳的乌龟。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，我们有时都会遭受痛苦，我们的脆弱性似乎如此相似，以至于我把自己从几天来困扰我的一切中解放出来。A. choked(使)窒息；B. suffered受苦；C. relaxed放松；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文中的“their stress of academic life”和句中的“our vulnerability seemed so much alike”可知，作者和同事都有学术压力，他们的脆弱很相似，所以他们都遭受痛苦。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. liberated解放；B. discouraged阻止；C. protected保护；D. excused原谅。根据空后的“myself from all that had bothered me for days”可知，作者意识到他们都一样后，他从困扰自己几天的事情中解放出来。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这可以是一场双赢的游戏，而不是一方赢，另一方输。A. Actually事实上；B. Generally一般来说；C. Eventually最终；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据空后的“it can be win-win game”可知，作者在此处想强调事实上可以双赢。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他人合作和寻求帮助并不会让我的贡献变得微不足道；这意味着我们都能成功。A. irregular不规则的；B. improper不适当的；C. illogical不合逻辑的；D. insignificant不重要的。根据后面分句“it means we can all succeed”可知，与他人合作和寻求帮助让所有人都可以成功，而不会让作者的贡献变得不重要。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Chinese civilization has been marked, in my humble opinion, by three distinct features: evolution with continuity, inclusiveness, and receiving and sharing the goods of civilization.
China’s modernization process over the past four decades___36___(create) a new context___37___there is a partnership between the ancient and modern, gnerating something new and genuine. China is not a stranger to this evolutionary process. It adapted “socialism” to the Chinese context, devising socialism with Chinese characteristics taking into ___38___(consider) the changing Chinese and world reality.
With regard to inclusiveness, Chinese civilization has been open to positive outside inferences, ___39___ proved by the inclusion of Buddhism and Islam into Chinese society. China has always welcomed the positive aspects of other civilizations while contributing its civilization achievements___40___(enrich) other civilizations. Chinese music did not shy away from___41___ (adopt) musical instruments from the Middle East, like the fantastic pipa, and making it___42___essential and beautiful part of Chinese musical culture.
When it comes to sharing, one of the___43___(great) gifts China gave to the world through the ancient Silk Road was the technology of making paper on an industrial scale, which revolutionized the spread of science and philosophy in the Arab and Islamic world all the way to Europe beginning in the 8th century.
This new technology___44___(be) as important then as the Internet is today for spreading of knowledge and communication. In Baghdad and other cultural centers during the Islamic renaissance (文艺复兴), there was a massive intellectual outpouring, which ___45___the Chinese invention of paper, would have been limited in scope.
【答案】36. has created
37. where 38. consideration
39. as 40. to enrich
41. adopting
42. an 43. greatest
44. was 45. without
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中华文明演变的三个特征：延续发展，兼收并蓄，共享文明成果。
【36题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：过去四十年来，中国的现代化进程创造了一个新的背景，在这种背景下古代与现代之间有着伙伴关系，产生了新的和真实的东西。根据前面的时间状语“over the past four decades”可以判断使用现在完成时，主语process表示单数意义，助动词用has，故填has created。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。此空前后都有带有谓语动词的句子，所以应填连词来引导从句。该从句位于名词之后且由前面的名词“context(背景、环境)”可知，后面应该是起修饰作用的定语从句，把名词还原回定语从句中应该是作地点状语，所以填入关系副词where。故填where。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：它使“社会主义”适应中国国情，结合中国国情和世界实际，提出了中国特色社会主义。此空考查短语take sth into consideration“把……考虑进去”。故填consideration。
【39题详解】
考查连词。句意：关于包容性，中国文明对外界的积极影响持开放态度，就像佛教和伊斯兰教融入中国社会就是明证一样。此空根据后面所接的过去分词“proved”可以判断出是考查状语从句的省略形式，可以把被省略部分“it is”加上去，结合前后的逻辑可以判断出是考查方式状语从句，用连词as“像，如同”引导，故填as。
【40题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：中国一向欢迎其他文明的积极方面，同时又把自己的文明成果贡献出来以丰富其他文明。结合句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to enrich。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国音乐并没有回避从中东引进乐器，如神奇的琵琶，并使其成为中国音乐文化中不可或缺的美丽组成部分。shy away from避免，逃避，跟在介词后面作宾语应用动名词形式。故填adopting。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意同上。part为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且essential是以元音音素开头，应用an。an essential and beautiful part一个完整的和美丽的一部分。故填an。
【43题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：说到分享，中国通过古丝绸之路给世界的最大礼物之一是工业规模的造纸技术，这一技术彻底改变了科学和哲学从8世纪开始在阿拉伯和伊斯兰世界一路传播到欧洲的过程。此处是“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”，表示“最……的……之一”，故填greatest。
【44题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在传播知识和交流方面，这项新技术在当时与今天的互联网一样重要。因为副词then表示“当时，那时”，所以用一般过去时，主语technology表示单数意义，be动词用was，故填was。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：在伊斯兰复兴时期的巴格达和其他文化中心，有大量的知识分子涌入，如果没有中国人发明的纸，其范围将受到限制。根据从句中使用的虚拟语气，以及前后句的逻辑关系可判断出，此处指“如果没有中国人发明的纸，其范围将受到限制”，用介词without“没有”，故填without。
第四部分弯作(其两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是宏远中学学生李华，得知一个国际中学生组织将在长沙举办夏令营，正在招募志愿者。请写一封电子邮件申请做志愿者。内容主要包括：
1.自我介绍；
2.个人优势与参加意图；
3.希望获准。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
Dear Sir or Madam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m Li Hua a student from Hongyuan Middle School. Hearing that you are looking for volunteers for a Summer Camp for students from different countries to be organized in Changsha, I’m writing to apply for the position.
I think I am qualified for this position. First of all, being a sociable and responsible man, I will take this job seriously and be able to deal with any emergency. Besides, I have a good command of English, which can make it easy to communicate with foreigners. What matters most is that I’ll be capable of telling students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。得知一个国际中学生组织将在长沙举办夏令营，正在招募志愿者。请你写一封电子邮件申请做志愿者。内容主要包括：1.自我介绍；2.个人优势与参加意图；3.希望获准。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
寻找：look for→seek for
认为：think→suppose
此外：besides→furthermore
重要：matter→count
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
拓展句：I would be very grateful if you could take my application into consideration.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, I have a good command of English, which can make it easy to communicate with foreigners. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】What matters most is that I’ll be capable of telling students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well. (运用了what引导的主语从句以及that引导的表语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事
Mike licked the last of the mint chocolate chip ice cream. It was almost time to leave. He jumped into the car with his parents and headed off to the Olympic-sized pool for the big swim meet.
When his race came up, Mike was confident. He was strong and swift. Mike climbed out the pool, smiling. He had just won first place, making him the fastest boy in his age group.
“Congratulations, son,” his father said. His mom gave him a hug, even though he was soaking wet.
A week later, it was time for another swim meet. Like before, Mike decided to enjoy his favorite ice cream flavor. Mike remembered that the last time he had won a race, he also ate mint chocolate chip ice cream first. Maybe he’d win again.
He’s taken first place again in his race. Mike was feeling pretty good. As it turned out, Mike decided to have some mint chocolate chip ice cream before every one of the next few swim meets. He began to think of it as his lucky charm. After several months of placing in the top positions of every race he swam, Mike was feeling unbeatable. And he wouldn’t admit it, but all that ice cream was adding a few pounds to his athletic swimmer’s build.
It didn’t take long after that for Mike to start coming in second place – and then third – and then last place in his races. The lucky mint chocolate chip ice cream had lost its magic.
On the day of his next swim meet, his mother sat down at the table with him. “Mike, we all love ice cream, but it’s not healthy for your body to eat so much of it. Maybe it’s time to quit the sweet treats for a while, especially before you go swimming.””
Mike unwillingly agreed. He went to the swim meet, and didn’t perform well. His father offered to go running with him a few days a week to help him feel better and strengthen his muscles. The extra weight soon disappeared, and Mike found himself breathing easier at swim practices.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右。
2.开头已给出。
Paragraph 1:
As he dove into the water, he kicked his legs and stretched his arms as far as he could.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
His jaw dropped as he realized he had beaten his own best time, and everyone else too.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 As he dove into the water, he kicked his legs and stretched his arms as far as he could. It struck endless energy and motivation into his body. His teeth clenched and his eyes fixed on the finish line forward. Suddenly, two figures whizzed past, which startled him. Fearing to fall behind, he felt his heart pounded frantically and his mind went blank. Just then, he thought of his sweat and his father’s encouraging smile.Gradually, his worry gave way to his confidence and the last 5 minutes saw him dash to the finish line, followed by the end of the race.
His jaw dropped as he realized he had beaten his own best time, and everyone else too.The flowers in his heart were already in bloom. His parents came up and gave him a high five, grinning from ear to ear. “Hey, why not try your favorite ice cream and celebrate!” said his father, patting him on the shoulder. “Thanks, Dad, but I have given up the ice cream. It’s not such a lucky charm at all.” His eyes shone with wisdom. It was that day that Mike realized that one’s lucky charm was nothing but his diligence.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mike参加游泳比赛之前吃冰淇淋能带给他幸运，但是后面冰淇淋似乎失去魔力，Mike接下来的比赛接连失利使得他不情愿地戒掉甜食，但是比赛还是没有获胜，随后父亲陪他锻炼，在接下来的一次比赛中他获胜了，并感悟一个人的幸运符不过是他的勤奋而已。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当他跳入水中时，他踢蹬腿，尽可能地伸展双臂。”可知，第一段可描写他努力冲向终点的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“当他意识到他打破了自己的最好成绩，也打破了其他人的最好成绩时，他的下巴都掉了下来。”可知，第二段可描写他获胜之后的情形和内心感悟。
2.续写线索：跳入水中——努力向前——落后——想起父亲鼓励的话有了自信——赢得比赛——获胜后的情形——感悟
词汇激活
行为类
①冲向……：dash to/rush to
②.咧着嘴笑：grin from ear to ear/ laugh from ear to ear
③.轻拍他的肩膀：pat him on the shoulder/tap him on the shoulder
情绪类
①.使惊吓：startle/frighten
②.感到他的心狂跳不止：feel his heart pounded frantically/feel his heart beating wildly
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Fearing to fall behind, he felt his heart pounded frantically and his mind went blank.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2] It was that day that Mike realized that one’s lucky charm was nothing but his diligence.（运用了强调句）