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【专题复习】（河南地区）2024年中职高考英语 一轮复习 专题08-定语从句（讲）
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这是一份【专题复习】（河南地区）2024年中职高考英语 一轮复习 专题08-定语从句（讲），共5页。试卷主要包含了概念，结构，分类，特征，关系代词引导的定语从句，特殊的定语从句，定语从句的省略，定语从句的主谓一致等内容，欢迎下载使用。
定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。
简单地讲：定语从句就是修饰名词或代词的作定语的句子。大家要清楚一个概念，那就是它就相当于一个形容词，作后置定语，所以定语从句通常又被称为形容词性从句。可以解释为什么什么样的人或物。
☆前置形容词的位置顺序：Op sh a c m （记住这个无意义的单词）: pinin shape age clur rigin material
tw very nice small French wden chairs
an interesting little red French il painting
定语从句的位置只能放在它所修饰词的后面，被修饰的词我们叫它“先行词”。
Tm, wh is 17, is my classmate.
Tm is my classmate, wh is 17.
（Tm就是先行词）
二、结构
被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 从句
"被修饰的名词/代词“ = "先行词"
这儿要强调的是先行词只能是名词或代词
“先行词”与“关系词”之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义“代到”从句中来起作用。“先行词”往往是分别重复出现在两个句中(主句和从句)的名词或代词。先行词可以看成区别定语从句和名词性从句的标记。看以下两句：
That’s all that I have tld him. 此句为定语从句，先行词为all
That’s what I have tld him. 此句为表语从句，由what引导，没有先行词。
★那为什么一定要有关系词呢？关系词可以看作是连接主句和从句的桥梁，它指代先行词在从句中充当一个句子成份。这就体现了英语句子的链形结构，英语的句子逻辑性很强，就象一环扣一环的链条。有了关系词，就把主句和从句紧紧地联系在了一起。比如下面这组句子：第二个句子中wh把主从句连在了一起。
The wman – she lives next dr – is a dctr.
The wman wh lives next dr is a dctr.
又如：
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl – we saw her yesterday – is Mary.
The girl – her we saw yesterday – is Mary.
The girl wh/whm/that we saw yesterday is Mary.
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有wh, which, that, whse(所有格), as
关系副词有when, where, why
特别注意：what不能引导定语从句，只能引导名词性从句。
三、分类
1.限定性定语从句 (去掉定语,意义模糊)对先行词进行限定、修饰
The man wh is talking is Mary’s father.
2.非限定性定语从句对先行词进行补充、说明
Tm, wh is 17, is a gd student.
“,”是非限定性定语从句的标志。
注意以下两组句子的区别：
The ld man has a sn, wh is in the army.（他只有一个儿子，这个儿子在参军）
The ld man has a sn wh is in the army.
（他有一个参军的儿子。）可能不只一个儿子。
He said nthing that made her angry. 他没有说使她生气的话。
He said nthing, which made her angry. 他什么也没有说，这使她很生气。
特别注意：在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that
四、特征
我们撇开先行词和关系词后，再看剩下的从句，这个句子一定会缺少一个句子成份，而这个成份就是由先行词来充当的。比如：
The man wh is talking is Mary’s father.
去掉关系词wh, 剩下is talking，则缺少主语，这个主语也就是由wh，即the man。从句补充完整就是The man is talking.
再如：This is the reasn why he was late.
不看关系副词why, 剩下he was late 和句子原意再比，缺少原因状语。完整句子应该是：He was late fr that reasn.（why=fr what）
我们分析一个定语从句时，可以按以下三步来做：
一. 先确定先行词，定语从句一定有先行词，并且只能由名词或代词（有时会是整个句子）来充当。
二. 判断从句的起止，也就是从什么地方开始到什么地方结束，可以用括号括出。
三. 判断先行词在从句中充当什么成份（或看先行词可以还原到从句什么位置，如果要加介词才能还原，则为状语，要用关系副词why, where, when或介词前置），以此确定关系词。这个步为关键。
特别注意：分析时主句和从句要分开看，不能互相影响。
五、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语(whse, which)。
表示人时用wh(主格/宾格)；whm(宾格，也就是动词或介词的宾语)；that, whse(所有格)。
表示物时用which, that, whse。(注意that和whse既可表人也可表物)，另外which可以指代前面整个句子。
注意，介词后宾语表人用whm，表物用which，若是表所有格，用whse。
特别注意：what不能引导定语从句，只能引导名词性从句。
2.我们来看以下几个例句：
The girl wh/that is standing at the gate is an English teacher. (wh, that作从句的主语, 表人)
That’s nt Tm wh/that is sitting next t Jhn. (wh, that作从句的主语, 表人)=That’s nt Tm. Tm is sitting next t Jhn.
The girl whm/wh/that Peter is talking t is a teacher.(whm作从句宾语,表人)
The girl t whm Peter is talking is a teacher. (介词可以前置，且当介词前置时，表人只能用whm）
(人) The girl whse mther is a nurse is a teacher. (whse与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分)
(物) The bk whse cver is missing is very funny. (不可分割的一部分, 指物时可用f which来代替)= The bk, the cver f which is missing, is very funny.
The rm whse dr faces suth is very bright. (物质所属)= The rm, the dr f which faces suth, is very bright.
The bk which/that belngs t me is missing.（which/that作从句主语，表物）
I dn't like the nvel that/which yu are reading. (that/which作从句动词的宾语，表物)
3.which的特殊用法
He was late fr schl again, which made the teacher very angry. (which指代前面整个句子，作从句的主语)。
He advised me t hide behind the dr, which advice I tk at nce. (which作定语)
She had a little mney in the bank, with which t help her mther. (which与不定式连用，构成定语短语)
（1）介词+关系代词例句
（包括介词前置）
注意介词的选择，要根据从句来确定，不能受主句影响！
This is the rm in which I live.
先行词rm在从句中要加上介词in作地点状语，也就是作in的宾语。从句还原应该是I live in the rm.此句也可以转换成：This is the rm which I live in.
I have paid fr the huse in which he lived.
注意此句不能用fr which，分析此句时，先确定先行词the huse，其次确定the huse或which在从句中要加介词in作状语。不能受主句中the huse前介词fr的影响。
The man t whm yu talked just nw will chair the meeting tmrrw.
= The man whm/wh yu talked t just nw will chair the meeting tmrrw.
He tld me the tickets are hard t buy, in which case yu’d better buy right nw.(which作case的定语)
The bks, sme f which he has read, are very interesting. 表示整体与部分关系
The students, mst f whm have seen the mvie, are frm ur class.
He spent 2 hurs there, during which time he slept.
The bss in whse department Mr. King wrked had a heart attack.
但注意，在部分固定短语中介词不能提前，比如：care fr, call n, put ff, listen t, lk fr, lk after等，如果把它们拆开，那么这些短语就失去了原来的含意。
The ld man whm I am lking after is better.
（2）介词+关系代词的倒装
I arrived at a building in frnt f which grw many trees.
I arrived at a building, and many trees grw in frnt f it.
We visited a hill at the ft f which lies a temple.
We visited a hill, and a temple lies at the ft f it.
They went int the classrm in the center f which stands a large table.
They went int the classrm, and a large table stands in the center f it.
关系代词as (as … as…, such as, the same as/that) 可放于句首和句中，可作从句主语、宾语和状语（做题时一般看到前面有as, such, the same等，大部分情况后面都选as）
常用于be knwn, expected, reprted, annunced, shwn …
As we all knw, China is a big cuntry. as作宾语
China is in the east f Asia, as is knwn t all. as作主语
Our team, as we had expected, wn the game.
Take as many bks as yu can.
I want t read such a bk as yu read. (as定语从句)
This is such a gd bk that we all like it. (s/such…that…结果状语从句，that后跟完整的句子)
Please d it in the same way as I did. (as作状语)
I want t brrw the same bk as yu read. 我想借一本和你读的一样的书。
I want t brrw the same bk that yu read.我想借你读的那本书。（只有一本）
六、特殊的定语从句
①It/This is+the+序数词+时间+(that)+定语从句(从句用完成时)
It is the first time(that)I have ever been here.
It is (high) time +that+定语从句
It is time that we shuld g hme.
It is time that we went hme
②the way+定语从句，the way做从句状语时，通常省略关系词或用that/in which
The way (that/in which) he is ding the experiment is very funny.
③time, mment, secnd, minute等后，通常用that来代替when引导定语从句，并且常省略
The mment he arrives, I will ring yu up. (that/when)常省略
By the time Jhn came, Peter had finished his wrk. (that/when常省略)
④But作为关系代词（了解即可），相当于that(wh) … nt
There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不佩服他的才华。
七、定语从句的省略
定语从句除了上述特殊定语从句中的2、3点两种情况的省略外，主要是当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可省，注意，只有做宾语时才能省。（但如果是介词前置，则不可省）
The nvel (which/that) he wrte is interesting.
The man (wh/whm) Tm is talking with is a teacher in ur schl.
八、定语从句的主谓一致
1．当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和先行词一致。
I knw the studentwh is yur classmate.
The students wh are my classmates are ging t help the ld man.
2．“ne f＋可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用复数；而“ne f＋可数名词复数”前有the，nly或the nly修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。
He is ne f the studentswh study very hard at schl.
He is the (nly/the nly) ne f the students wh studies very hard at schl.
九、定语从句需特别注意的地方
①situatin, case, pint在从句中充当状语时，后常用where
Can yu think f a situatinwhere yu can use the wrd?
②标点符号，比较以下一组句子：
I picked up the apples. Sme f them were bad.
I picked up the apples and mst f them were bad.
I picked up the apples, sme f which were bad.
③关系词选择时，要注意从句中的及物动词和不及物动词，从而判断先行词在从句中所作的成份。特别是看到先行词是时间、地点、原因时，要特别小心。注意下面几组句子：
I’ll never frget the dayswhen/in which we wrked tgether.
I’ll never frget the daysthat/which we spent tgether.
I went t the place where/at which I wrked ten years ag.
I went t the placethat/which I visited ten years ag.
This is the reasnwhy/fr which he was late.
This is the reasnthat/which he gave.
④which和whse在从句中做定语时的区别:
He tld me the tickets are hard t buy, in which case yu’d better buy right nw.(which作case的定语)
He advised me t hide behind the dr, which advice I tk at nce.(which作定语)
The bk whse cver is missing is very funny. (不可分割的一部分, 指物时可用f which来代替)
The rm whse dr faces suth is very bright. (物质所属)
which做定语时和后面的名词一起指代前面的先行词（通常为整个句子），还原从句为独立分句时，往往还原成this/that；如第一句which case指代前面的句子，从句可还原成In that case, yu’d better buy right nw. 第二句：I tk that advice at nce.
而whse做定语时只是单独指代前面的先行词，通常可以用f which 或f whm来代替，还原时往往变为its/his…等。比如第三句：The bk is very funny and its cver is missing.
分裂式定语从句：
有些定语从句的先行词和关系词之间会插入一些其它成份。He arrived in Jinzhu in 1984, where he became a manger 2 years later. 此句中关系词不能用when，因为从句中已经有时间状语，因此先行词不是1984，而是Jinzhu。
带有插入语的定语从句，如I think, d yu suggest等。
Please chse smene wh yu think is kind. (此句中yu think为插入语，关系代词wh作从句的主语，is是从句的谓语)
介词frm后可以跟where
He has been t the city twice frm where his girl friend came.
十、与其他从句的区别
一、定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句的先行词或关系代词要在从句中充当一定的句子成份，而同位语从句中则不充当任何句子成份，比较以下两个句子。
The news that ur team lst the game disappinted all f us. 此句为同位语从句，that连词在从句中不充当任何句子成份。
The news that yu tld me yesterday is s disappinting. 此句为定语从句，that连词在从句中充当tld的宾语。
二 、定语从句和状语从句的区别
状语从句没有先行词，引导词用where，它很明显的特点是其前面为动词、副词等，有时虽有名词但不是表示地点的名词。
Yu shuld make it a rule t leave things where yu can find them again.状从
After the war a new schl building was put up where there had nce been a theatre. (状语从句)
This is the rmwhere/in which we lived three years ag.定从，先行词是rm
三、定语从句和强调句的区别
强调句型的结构：It is / was (culd be…) + 被强调的成分 + that ...
强调的成分是主语、宾语和状语。强调句型可用“还原法”来判断，若删除强调句型结构(It is\)后，句子能还原为一个完整的句子，就是强调句。
It was at the schl gate that I met Tm yesterday.
It was the schl gate where I met Tm yesterday.
第一句为强调句，去掉强调句型结构后，句子可以还原成一个完整的句子，I met Tm yesterday at the schl gate. 而第二句不能还原成一个完整的句子，必须要加个介词at。
四、as前置和It作形式主语的主语从句辨析
这两种形式主要区别在于as结构有标点符号“，”号，而It和that连用，比较下面两个句子：
As is knwn t all, the earth mves arund the sun.
It is knwn t all that the earth mves arund the sun.
十一、定语从句练习中的难点
陷阱一
★从句迷惑主句结构的判断
The persn we spke t ____ n answer at first．
A．making B．makes C．make D．made
对于此题，一些粗心的学生看到t马上就选择C。实际上we spke t是定语从句，修饰the persn，主句的主干应该是The persn made n answer.应该选D。
The man whse sngs we are fnd f ____ in ur city next week．
A．singing B．t sing C．will sing D．sang
同样，此题易误选A，以为是be fnd f singing，实际上whse sngs we are fnd f 为定语，句子主干为The man will sing in ur city.
陷阱二
★主句从句结构混杂在一起
Everything he ____ away frm him befre he returned t his hmetwn.
A. tk B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken
此句对于一些基础差的学生有一定难度，他们无法正确判断句子的结构，容易误选A或D。但实际上，此题是主句和从句的结构相互混杂。Everything为先行词，he had为定语从句修饰everything，主句主干为Everything had been taken away. 因此应选C。
陷阱三
★定语从句和强调句混杂在一起
定语从句和强调句本身就容易混淆，如果把两者加在一起就更容易混淆了，做题时，关键是要判断定语从句的范围。如以下这个句子：
It was in this building ______ I nce wrked _____ he met his frmer classmate.（答案是where，that，因为强调部分是in this building，where I nce wrked是状语从句，强调句主语谓语部分是从he开始）
定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。
简单地讲：定语从句就是修饰名词或代词的作定语的句子。大家要清楚一个概念，那就是它就相当于一个形容词，作后置定语，所以定语从句通常又被称为形容词性从句。可以解释为什么什么样的人或物。
☆前置形容词的位置顺序：Op sh a c m （记住这个无意义的单词）: pinin shape age clur rigin material
tw very nice small French wden chairs
an interesting little red French il painting
定语从句的位置只能放在它所修饰词的后面，被修饰的词我们叫它“先行词”。
Tm, wh is 17, is my classmate.
Tm is my classmate, wh is 17.
（Tm就是先行词）
二、结构
被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 从句
"被修饰的名词/代词“ = "先行词"
这儿要强调的是先行词只能是名词或代词
“先行词”与“关系词”之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义“代到”从句中来起作用。“先行词”往往是分别重复出现在两个句中(主句和从句)的名词或代词。先行词可以看成区别定语从句和名词性从句的标记。看以下两句：
That’s all that I have tld him. 此句为定语从句，先行词为all
That’s what I have tld him. 此句为表语从句，由what引导，没有先行词。
★那为什么一定要有关系词呢？关系词可以看作是连接主句和从句的桥梁，它指代先行词在从句中充当一个句子成份。这就体现了英语句子的链形结构，英语的句子逻辑性很强，就象一环扣一环的链条。有了关系词，就把主句和从句紧紧地联系在了一起。比如下面这组句子：第二个句子中wh把主从句连在了一起。
The wman – she lives next dr – is a dctr.
The wman wh lives next dr is a dctr.
又如：
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl – we saw her yesterday – is Mary.
The girl – her we saw yesterday – is Mary.
The girl wh/whm/that we saw yesterday is Mary.
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有wh, which, that, whse(所有格), as
关系副词有when, where, why
特别注意：what不能引导定语从句，只能引导名词性从句。
三、分类
1.限定性定语从句 (去掉定语,意义模糊)对先行词进行限定、修饰
The man wh is talking is Mary’s father.
2.非限定性定语从句对先行词进行补充、说明
Tm, wh is 17, is a gd student.
“,”是非限定性定语从句的标志。
注意以下两组句子的区别：
The ld man has a sn, wh is in the army.（他只有一个儿子，这个儿子在参军）
The ld man has a sn wh is in the army.
（他有一个参军的儿子。）可能不只一个儿子。
He said nthing that made her angry. 他没有说使她生气的话。
He said nthing, which made her angry. 他什么也没有说，这使她很生气。
特别注意：在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that
四、特征
我们撇开先行词和关系词后，再看剩下的从句，这个句子一定会缺少一个句子成份，而这个成份就是由先行词来充当的。比如：
The man wh is talking is Mary’s father.
去掉关系词wh, 剩下is talking，则缺少主语，这个主语也就是由wh，即the man。从句补充完整就是The man is talking.
再如：This is the reasn why he was late.
不看关系副词why, 剩下he was late 和句子原意再比，缺少原因状语。完整句子应该是：He was late fr that reasn.（why=fr what）
我们分析一个定语从句时，可以按以下三步来做：
一. 先确定先行词，定语从句一定有先行词，并且只能由名词或代词（有时会是整个句子）来充当。
二. 判断从句的起止，也就是从什么地方开始到什么地方结束，可以用括号括出。
三. 判断先行词在从句中充当什么成份（或看先行词可以还原到从句什么位置，如果要加介词才能还原，则为状语，要用关系副词why, where, when或介词前置），以此确定关系词。这个步为关键。
特别注意：分析时主句和从句要分开看，不能互相影响。
五、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语(whse, which)。
表示人时用wh(主格/宾格)；whm(宾格，也就是动词或介词的宾语)；that, whse(所有格)。
表示物时用which, that, whse。(注意that和whse既可表人也可表物)，另外which可以指代前面整个句子。
注意，介词后宾语表人用whm，表物用which，若是表所有格，用whse。
特别注意：what不能引导定语从句，只能引导名词性从句。
2.我们来看以下几个例句：
The girl wh/that is standing at the gate is an English teacher. (wh, that作从句的主语, 表人)
That’s nt Tm wh/that is sitting next t Jhn. (wh, that作从句的主语, 表人)=That’s nt Tm. Tm is sitting next t Jhn.
The girl whm/wh/that Peter is talking t is a teacher.(whm作从句宾语,表人)
The girl t whm Peter is talking is a teacher. (介词可以前置，且当介词前置时，表人只能用whm）
(人) The girl whse mther is a nurse is a teacher. (whse与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分)
(物) The bk whse cver is missing is very funny. (不可分割的一部分, 指物时可用f which来代替)= The bk, the cver f which is missing, is very funny.
The rm whse dr faces suth is very bright. (物质所属)= The rm, the dr f which faces suth, is very bright.
The bk which/that belngs t me is missing.（which/that作从句主语，表物）
I dn't like the nvel that/which yu are reading. (that/which作从句动词的宾语，表物)
3.which的特殊用法
He was late fr schl again, which made the teacher very angry. (which指代前面整个句子，作从句的主语)。
He advised me t hide behind the dr, which advice I tk at nce. (which作定语)
She had a little mney in the bank, with which t help her mther. (which与不定式连用，构成定语短语)
（1）介词+关系代词例句
（包括介词前置）
注意介词的选择，要根据从句来确定，不能受主句影响！
This is the rm in which I live.
先行词rm在从句中要加上介词in作地点状语，也就是作in的宾语。从句还原应该是I live in the rm.此句也可以转换成：This is the rm which I live in.
I have paid fr the huse in which he lived.
注意此句不能用fr which，分析此句时，先确定先行词the huse，其次确定the huse或which在从句中要加介词in作状语。不能受主句中the huse前介词fr的影响。
The man t whm yu talked just nw will chair the meeting tmrrw.
= The man whm/wh yu talked t just nw will chair the meeting tmrrw.
He tld me the tickets are hard t buy, in which case yu’d better buy right nw.(which作case的定语)
The bks, sme f which he has read, are very interesting. 表示整体与部分关系
The students, mst f whm have seen the mvie, are frm ur class.
He spent 2 hurs there, during which time he slept.
The bss in whse department Mr. King wrked had a heart attack.
但注意，在部分固定短语中介词不能提前，比如：care fr, call n, put ff, listen t, lk fr, lk after等，如果把它们拆开，那么这些短语就失去了原来的含意。
The ld man whm I am lking after is better.
（2）介词+关系代词的倒装
I arrived at a building in frnt f which grw many trees.
I arrived at a building, and many trees grw in frnt f it.
We visited a hill at the ft f which lies a temple.
We visited a hill, and a temple lies at the ft f it.
They went int the classrm in the center f which stands a large table.
They went int the classrm, and a large table stands in the center f it.
关系代词as (as … as…, such as, the same as/that) 可放于句首和句中，可作从句主语、宾语和状语（做题时一般看到前面有as, such, the same等，大部分情况后面都选as）
常用于be knwn, expected, reprted, annunced, shwn …
As we all knw, China is a big cuntry. as作宾语
China is in the east f Asia, as is knwn t all. as作主语
Our team, as we had expected, wn the game.
Take as many bks as yu can.
I want t read such a bk as yu read. (as定语从句)
This is such a gd bk that we all like it. (s/such…that…结果状语从句，that后跟完整的句子)
Please d it in the same way as I did. (as作状语)
I want t brrw the same bk as yu read. 我想借一本和你读的一样的书。
I want t brrw the same bk that yu read.我想借你读的那本书。（只有一本）
六、特殊的定语从句
①It/This is+the+序数词+时间+(that)+定语从句(从句用完成时)
It is the first time(that)I have ever been here.
It is (high) time +that+定语从句
It is time that we shuld g hme.
It is time that we went hme
②the way+定语从句，the way做从句状语时，通常省略关系词或用that/in which
The way (that/in which) he is ding the experiment is very funny.
③time, mment, secnd, minute等后，通常用that来代替when引导定语从句，并且常省略
The mment he arrives, I will ring yu up. (that/when)常省略
By the time Jhn came, Peter had finished his wrk. (that/when常省略)
④But作为关系代词（了解即可），相当于that(wh) … nt
There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不佩服他的才华。
七、定语从句的省略
定语从句除了上述特殊定语从句中的2、3点两种情况的省略外，主要是当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可省，注意，只有做宾语时才能省。（但如果是介词前置，则不可省）
The nvel (which/that) he wrte is interesting.
The man (wh/whm) Tm is talking with is a teacher in ur schl.
八、定语从句的主谓一致
1．当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和先行词一致。
I knw the studentwh is yur classmate.
The students wh are my classmates are ging t help the ld man.
2．“ne f＋可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用复数；而“ne f＋可数名词复数”前有the，nly或the nly修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。
He is ne f the studentswh study very hard at schl.
He is the (nly/the nly) ne f the students wh studies very hard at schl.
九、定语从句需特别注意的地方
①situatin, case, pint在从句中充当状语时，后常用where
Can yu think f a situatinwhere yu can use the wrd?
②标点符号，比较以下一组句子：
I picked up the apples. Sme f them were bad.
I picked up the apples and mst f them were bad.
I picked up the apples, sme f which were bad.
③关系词选择时，要注意从句中的及物动词和不及物动词，从而判断先行词在从句中所作的成份。特别是看到先行词是时间、地点、原因时，要特别小心。注意下面几组句子：
I’ll never frget the dayswhen/in which we wrked tgether.
I’ll never frget the daysthat/which we spent tgether.
I went t the place where/at which I wrked ten years ag.
I went t the placethat/which I visited ten years ag.
This is the reasnwhy/fr which he was late.
This is the reasnthat/which he gave.
④which和whse在从句中做定语时的区别:
He tld me the tickets are hard t buy, in which case yu’d better buy right nw.(which作case的定语)
He advised me t hide behind the dr, which advice I tk at nce.(which作定语)
The bk whse cver is missing is very funny. (不可分割的一部分, 指物时可用f which来代替)
The rm whse dr faces suth is very bright. (物质所属)
which做定语时和后面的名词一起指代前面的先行词（通常为整个句子），还原从句为独立分句时，往往还原成this/that；如第一句which case指代前面的句子，从句可还原成In that case, yu’d better buy right nw. 第二句：I tk that advice at nce.
而whse做定语时只是单独指代前面的先行词，通常可以用f which 或f whm来代替，还原时往往变为its/his…等。比如第三句：The bk is very funny and its cver is missing.
分裂式定语从句：
有些定语从句的先行词和关系词之间会插入一些其它成份。He arrived in Jinzhu in 1984, where he became a manger 2 years later. 此句中关系词不能用when，因为从句中已经有时间状语，因此先行词不是1984，而是Jinzhu。
带有插入语的定语从句，如I think, d yu suggest等。
Please chse smene wh yu think is kind. (此句中yu think为插入语，关系代词wh作从句的主语，is是从句的谓语)
介词frm后可以跟where
He has been t the city twice frm where his girl friend came.
十、与其他从句的区别
一、定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句的先行词或关系代词要在从句中充当一定的句子成份，而同位语从句中则不充当任何句子成份，比较以下两个句子。
The news that ur team lst the game disappinted all f us. 此句为同位语从句，that连词在从句中不充当任何句子成份。
The news that yu tld me yesterday is s disappinting. 此句为定语从句，that连词在从句中充当tld的宾语。
二 、定语从句和状语从句的区别
状语从句没有先行词，引导词用where，它很明显的特点是其前面为动词、副词等，有时虽有名词但不是表示地点的名词。
Yu shuld make it a rule t leave things where yu can find them again.状从
After the war a new schl building was put up where there had nce been a theatre. (状语从句)
This is the rmwhere/in which we lived three years ag.定从，先行词是rm
三、定语从句和强调句的区别
强调句型的结构：It is / was (culd be…) + 被强调的成分 + that ...
强调的成分是主语、宾语和状语。强调句型可用“还原法”来判断，若删除强调句型结构(It is\)后，句子能还原为一个完整的句子，就是强调句。
It was at the schl gate that I met Tm yesterday.
It was the schl gate where I met Tm yesterday.
第一句为强调句，去掉强调句型结构后，句子可以还原成一个完整的句子，I met Tm yesterday at the schl gate. 而第二句不能还原成一个完整的句子，必须要加个介词at。
四、as前置和It作形式主语的主语从句辨析
这两种形式主要区别在于as结构有标点符号“，”号，而It和that连用，比较下面两个句子：
As is knwn t all, the earth mves arund the sun.
It is knwn t all that the earth mves arund the sun.
十一、定语从句练习中的难点
陷阱一
★从句迷惑主句结构的判断
The persn we spke t ____ n answer at first．
A．making B．makes C．make D．made
对于此题，一些粗心的学生看到t马上就选择C。实际上we spke t是定语从句，修饰the persn，主句的主干应该是The persn made n answer.应该选D。
The man whse sngs we are fnd f ____ in ur city next week．
A．singing B．t sing C．will sing D．sang
同样，此题易误选A，以为是be fnd f singing，实际上whse sngs we are fnd f 为定语，句子主干为The man will sing in ur city.
陷阱二
★主句从句结构混杂在一起
Everything he ____ away frm him befre he returned t his hmetwn.
A. tk B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken
此句对于一些基础差的学生有一定难度，他们无法正确判断句子的结构，容易误选A或D。但实际上，此题是主句和从句的结构相互混杂。Everything为先行词，he had为定语从句修饰everything，主句主干为Everything had been taken away. 因此应选C。
陷阱三
★定语从句和强调句混杂在一起
定语从句和强调句本身就容易混淆，如果把两者加在一起就更容易混淆了，做题时，关键是要判断定语从句的范围。如以下这个句子：
It was in this building ______ I nce wrked _____ he met his frmer classmate.（答案是where，that，因为强调部分是in this building，where I nce wrked是状语从句，强调句主语谓语部分是从he开始）
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