高二英语上学期期中考试（北京卷）-2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

这是一份高二英语上学期期中考试（北京卷）-2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019），共8页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
Mlai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village was lcated near sme wetlands which became his secnd hme. He learned the value and beauty f 1 there frm a very yung age.
When he was 16, Mlai began t ntice smething 2 happening arund his hme. A fld had hit the area earlier that year and caused great 3 , which had driven away a number f birds. 4 , the number f snakes had decreased as well. He 5 that it was because there weren’t enugh trees t prtect them frm the heat. The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees s the animals culd seek 6 during the daytime. He turned t the frest department fr help but was tld that nthing wuld grw there. Hwever, Mlai went lking n his wn and 7 a nearby island where he began t plant trees.
Watering yung plants in the dry seasn was 8 fr a lne by. Mlai built at the tp f each sapling (幼树) a bamb platfrm, where he placed earthen pts with small hles t 9 rainwater. The water wuld then drip (滴落) n the plants belw.
Mlai 10 t plant trees fr the next 37 years. His effrts have resulted in 1,360 acres (英亩) f naturally-grwn land that has becme hme t many plants and animals.
1．A．natureB．yuthC．cultureD．knwledge
2．A．valuableB．interestingC．wrryingD．embarrassed
3．A．wasteB．tensinC．painD．damage
4．A．BesidesB．HweverC．TherefreD．Otherwise
5．A．agreedB．realizedC．rememberedD．predicted
6．A．directinsB．partnersC．helpD．shelter
7．A．rebuiltB．discveredC．leftD．managed
8．A．tughB．illegalC．fantasticD．beneficial
9．A．preventB．reduceC．heatD．cllect
10．A．returnedB．learnedC．cntinuedD．failed
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Tu Yuyu was awarded a Nbel Prize fr her discvery f artemisinin, 11 is a life-saving drug fr malaria n December 7th, 2015. Tu Yuyu majred in medicine in university and later 12 (study) Chinese medicine with experts in the field. In 1969, she 13 (give) the missin f setting up a team t find a cure fr malaria. When wrldwide scientists failed t find a cure using mdem chemicals, Tu Yuyu turned t Chinese herbs fr help. Despite their 14 (limit) resurces and hundreds f failed experiments, they fund a pssible chemical. They tested the medicine n their wn bdies. And they finally discvered the mst effective drug t cure the disease.
B
Different students have different pinins n teachers’ feedback. Sme think teachers’ direct and negative feedback 15 (make) them lse cnfidence. Sme think face t face feedback is effective 16 it is quite demanding fr the teachers. They can als raise further questins abut anything they dn’t understand. Others prefer specific rather than general cmments because they want t knw where their strengths and 17 (weakness) are.
C
Many peple miss ut n learning pprtunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse 18 (learn) r ignre what is said because f wh the speaker/writer is. It is true that we cannt help 19 (dislike) sme peple — this is human nature, after all. But d nt frget yu can still learn frm then. Active learners d nt judge peple based 20 first impressins r persnal feelings. Instead, they separate the message frm the messenger. This ges the ther way as well — d nt just assume that sme peple are always right because f wh they are r just because they are yur friends.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Why D Mckingbirds Cpy?
Mckingbirds live in Nrth and Suth America. They are gd cpycats. They imitate ther birds. But they can als imitate ther animals. They can even make sunds like a pian r car alarm. Mckingbirds learn t sing many sngs. Sme learn mre than 200 different sngs. They can ften trick peple! But mckingbirds can’t trick ther birds. If they can’t trick ther birds, why d they cpy sunds? They d it t attract and avid ther birds!
Males are lud singers, and they sing many sngs. They always sing when they want t meet females. A male bird can sing mst f the day and night. The singing attracts females. But it als keeps away ther males. The lnger a mckingbird lives, the mre sngs it knws. T shw this characteristic, the male mckingbird sings all the sngs it knws. A female mckingbird is attracted t a male wh has lived a lng time.
Mckingbirds usually sing shrt sngs. They sing each sund several times. Then they mve t the next sund. Female mckingbirds sing sftly and less ften than males. They usually sing at their nests in the winter t keep away ther birds. When anther bird cmes near, the mckingbird makes a lud nise t frighten it. It’s amazing that the mckingbird can cpy s many sngs f ther birds. Sme sngs are nt easy t learn. The mckingbird must listen well t imitate the sunds. But a mckingbird als has gd eyes and a gd memry. When a persn cmes near its nest, the mckingbird remembers that persn. It knws that persn’s face after many years!
21．Mckingbirds are special because they can ______.
A．create sngsB．cpy sunds
C．remember ther birdsD．understand human's wrds
22．Female mckingbirds sing at their nests in the winter t ______.
A．scare ther birdsB．practise the sngs
C．warn human beingsD．attract male birds
23．What is the purpse f this passage?
A．T recmmend a curse n birdlife.B．T call n peple t prtect birds.
C．T give advice n feeding birds.D．T intrduce an interesting bird
B
The Printing Press
What d yu think is the mst imprtant inventin in the last 1, 000 years? It is the lightbulb r the Internet? Many peple say that it is the printing press, a machine that allws us t print cpies r bks and dcuments. But why is the printing press s imprtant?
Befre the printing press, bks were cpied by hand. Ancient Rman bk publisher smetimes sld as many as 5, 000 cpies f a bk that had been cpied by slaves. But cpying a bk tk s much time and was s expensive that ften nly a few cpies f each bk were made. As a result, usually nly a small percentage f the ppulatin learned t read and wned bks.
In 1450, a gldsmith named Jhannes Gutenberg in Germany invented the mdem printing press. The impact f his machine is smetimes cmpared t the inventin f the Internet. Althugh ancient Chinese peple invented paper in 105 AD and used wdblck printing befre 200 AD, Gutenberg’s printing press was easy t use with languages that had alphabetic scripts. After 1450, thusands f cpies f a ppular bk r newspaper culd be made quickly and cheaply. Bks and newspapers with ideas and images frm all ver the wrld went int the market fr the wide public.
Knwledge is pwer. Reading has brught abut amazing changes in science, technlgy and plitics. We have learned hw t create wealth and even travel t far-away wrlds. The cmputer, cellphne, and Internet have grwn, because billins f pwerful readers were created by the printing press.
Frm 1450 n, mre and mre peple have becme readers. These billins f readers are pwerful, and they help the wrld t make prgress at a fast speed.
24．Nt many peple read in ancient Rme because they had ___.
A．few bks t readB．little time t read
C．n mney fr bksD．n interest in bks
25．The mdem printing press is smetimes cmpared t the Internet due t its ___.
A．lw cstB．cmm n useC．great influenceD．rapid develpment
26．What is mainly discussed abut the printing press in the last tw paragraphs?
A．The prgressB．The cntributinC．The futureD．The functin
C
One billin peple in the wrld are shrt f water. Hw can this prblem be slved? Sme suggestins have been t desalinate cean water r t build enrmus water pipelines frm areas where water is abundant. (Suggestins such as these prve extremely expensive when they are actually used.) One pssibility that scientists are cnsidering is pulling icebergs(冰山) frm either the Nrth Ple r the Suth Ple t parts f the wrld with a water shrtage. Althugh many questins must be answered befre such a prject culd be tried, mving icebergs seems a reasnable pssibility in the future.
Engineers, mathematicians, and glacilgists frm a dzen cuntries have been cnsidering the iceberg as a future surce f water. Saudi Arabia is particularly interested in this prject because it has a great water shrtage. Scientists estimate that it wuld take 128 days t transprt a large iceberg(abut 1/2 square mile) t Saudi Arabia. Yet the iceberg wuld be cmpletely melted by the 104th day. Therefre, insulatin wuld be essential, but hw t insulate the iceberg remains an unslved prblem.
The prblems in transprting an iceberg are numerus. The first prblem is chsing the iceberg t pull. The icebergs that frm in the Nrth Ple are quite difficult t handle because f their shape. Only a small prtin extends abve the water—mst f the iceberg is belw the surface, which wuld make it difficult t pull. Suth Ple icebergs, n the ther hand, are flat and flat like table tps. Thus they wuld be much easier t mve.
Hw can a 200-millin-tn iceberg be mved? N ship is strng enugh t pull such enrmus weight thrugh the water. Perhaps several ships culd be used. Attaching rpes t an iceberg this size is als an enrmus prblem. Engineers think that large nails r lng metal rds culd be driven int the ice. What wuld happen if the iceberg splits int several pieces during the pulling? Even if an iceberg with very few cracks were chsen, hw culd it be pulled thrugh strmy waters? Furthermre, nce the iceberg reached its destinatin, very few prts wuld be deep enugh t stre it.
All f these prblems must be slved befre icebergs can becme a reasnable surce f water. Yet scientists estimate that it will be pssible t transprt them in the near future. Each year, enugh icebergs frm t supply the whle wrld with fresh water fr a full year. In additin, icebergs are free and nnplluting. As a slutin t the wrld’s water prblems, icebergs may be a wrkable pssibility.
27．What is a prblem in transprting the iceberg?
A．The size f the iceberg.B．The clur f the iceberg.
C．The salt in the iceberg.D．The mvement f air and water.
28．What is the authr’ s attitude twards transprting icebergs?
A．Negative.B．Unrealistic.
C．Optimistic.D．Uncncerned.
29．What des the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．It is hard t use icebergs.
B．Icebergs are a gd chice.
C．There are prblems with icebergs.
D．Man finds n ther ways t slve water shrtage.
30．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Icebergs fr WaterB．Shrtage f Water
C．Scientists and IcebergsD．Icebergs—Scientists’ Headache
D
Many f us mistakenly believe that it’s wrng t think we have any gd qualities. We may spend a lt f time blaming urselves fr ur negative qualities, thinking that self-criticism is the key t imprving ur perfrmance. Hwever, a cnstant fcus n ur suppsed shrtcmings can stp ur effrts t make friends with ther peple. Hw can we believe that thers culd like us if we believe ur inner being is flawed(有缺陷)?
If smene seems t dislike yu, the reasn fr that dislike might have little r nthing t d with yu. The persn wh desn’t like yu might be fearful, r shallw, r busy r shy. Perhaps yu and that persn are simply a mismatch fr each ther at this particular time.
Dn’t take yurself ut f the game by deciding that yur flaws are bigger than yur gd qualities. In fact, sme f the very qualities yu cnsider t be flaws may be irresistible t smene else. Fr all the factrs that might cause ne persn t reject yu, there are at least as many factrs that will wrk in yur favr with smene else.
Yu might be thirty punds ver yur ideal weight, but yu may have a wnderful laugh and a real enthusiasm fr life. There are many peple wh dn’t mind yur extra punds. Yu may drive a shabby car, but yu might be a great dancer and a lyal friend. There are peple ut there lking fr lyalty, r fun, r sweetness, r wisdm, and the package it cmes in is nt imprtant. If yu are wrried that yu are nt beautiful enugh t attract friends, keep in mind that nt everyne is lking fr physical beauty in their friends. Yu can decide t feel inferir(自卑) because yu dn’t have much mney and yu dn’t drive a nice car. Yu can believe that this is the reasn that yu dn’t have many friends in yur life. On the ther hand, if yu are very wealthy yu may be suspicius that everyne is after yur mney and that nbdy really likes yu as a persn.
The pint is that yu can fcus n just abut anything and believe it’s the reasn why yu d nt have friends and cannt make any.
31．Accrding t the authr, ________ plays an imprtant rle in making friends.
A．pssessing gd qualitiesB．cnfidence
C．admitting yur shrtcmingsD．self-criticism
32．If yu are nt liked by a persn, ________.
A．yu may nt be the ne t be blamed
B．yu and that persn misunderstand each ther
C．yu shuld find the reasn in yurself
D．yu’d better talk with the persn face t face
33．We can learn frm the third paragraph that ________.
A．yur gd qualities may turn ut t be yur flaws
B．yur negative qualities cause a persn t reject yu
C．yur weaknesses may als be yur strengths in sme way
D．yu’ll have few friends if yur flaws are bigger than yur gd qualities
34．What d yu think the authr is mst likely t suggest if he cntinues t write?
A．Hw t lse weight.B．Hw t make friends.
C．Hw t make self-criticism.D．Hw t find yur gd qualities.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Explring Psychlgy
Psychlgy is the scientific study f the mind and behavir. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding f psychlgy can help peple achieve insights int their wn actins as well as a better understanding f ther peple. 35
One imprtant benefit frm a psychlgy majr is that it teaches the student abut the human mind and why peple act in varius manners. Nt all psychlgy majrs will becme psychlgists. 36 All peple must interact with thers whether it is at hme r at a wrkplace. Peple respnd t these interactins in a wide number f ways. Fr instance, the persn may nt knw why he r she is bthered by a specific actin at wrk. Hwever, the persn wh has studied psychlgy has an bvius advantage in this area.
Psychlgy als ffers the individual insight int himself r herself. As the persn learns abut the human mind, hw it wrks and why peple behave in specific manners, the persn may als begin t recgnize bth harmful and helpful thught patterns in himself r herself.
This may lead the persn t an increased level f self-awareness. 37 It als shws the persn where he r she pssesses strength and crucial skills fr the mdern wrld. Individuals wh are mre self-aware are mre likely t accmplish their gals and dreams.
38 A persn may enter a vast field where psychlgists and thse trained in psychlgy wrk. These areas include industrial psychlgy, schl psychlgy, private practice, rganizatinal behaviral fields, law enfrcement and virtually every ther field.
39 As stated, there are a number f career pprtunities frm which a psychlgy majr may chse.
A．Self-awareness is a vital skill fr any persn t have.
B．It shws the individual what areas the persn needs t strengthen.
C．As a result, psychlgy becmes an incredibly ppular cllege majr.
D．A psychlgy majr examines the science f human behavir and mental prcesses.
E．All fields have the pprtunity t benefit frm the guidance that psychlgy can ffer.
F．The third reasn why psychlgy is a useful majr is that it pens up a wide range f career pprtunities.
G．Hwever, all psychlgy majrs will develp an increased awareness abut human behavir and thught patterns.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Hw t Wrk Out Yur Wrries by Writing
An extensive bdy f research shws benefits t writing abut a traumatic experience r difficult situatin in a manner that psychlgists refer t as “expressive writing.” Peple wh d this, recrding their deepest thughts and feelings, ften shw imprved mental and physical health.
Expressive writing is different frm writing in a jurnal. The idea is t reflect hnestly and thughtfully n a particular trauma r challenge. Recgnizing that smething is bthering yu is an imprtant first step. Translating that experience int language frces yu t rganize yur thughts. And creating a stry r explanatin gives yu a sense f cntrl.
But there are a few limitatins. Fr psychiatrists, expressive writing isn’t a magical cure-all, s it shuldn’t be used as a replacement fr ther treatments. And peple cping with a severe trauma r depressin may nt find it useful t d n their wn, withut therapy. Yet it can be a pwerful cping tl fr many, in large part because it helps cmbat the feelings that peple ften keep as secret abut a trauma, as well as their reluctance t face emtins. “The mre yu avid a prblem, the mre truble yu will have with it, because yu create a circle f anxiety and wrries, and increasing negative emtins,” says Brian Marx, PhD, a prfessr f psychiatry at the Bstn University Schl f Medicine.
Why write? Thinking r talking abut an event can lead t reflecting, where yu becme lst in yur emtins. But writing frces yu t slw dwn. The mere act f labeling a feeling— f putting wrds t an emtin—can reduce the neural activity in the threat area f the brain, says Annette Stantn, PhD, distinguished prfessr and chair f the department f psychlgy at UCLA．Stantn’s research suggests that expressive writing can lead t lwer depressive symptms, greater psitive md, and an enhanced appreciatin fr life. “Writing can increase smene’s acceptance f their experience, and acceptance is calming,” she says.
What if yu dn’t cnsider yurself “a writer”? Dn’t wrry abut spelling r grammar, and dn’t share yur writing with anyne. But d dig deep int yur thughts and feelings. The gal f the exercise is t find meaning in an unsettling event.
40．Hw is expressive writing different frm writing in a jurnal?
41．What are the limitatins f expressive writing?
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶ Expressive writing has a calming effect because it can help peple t get rid f depressin, appreciate life mre and accept their experience.
43．What is yur wn way t wrk ut yur wrries? And why？ (In abut 40 wrds)
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校将开展每天锻炼一小时的活动。请你给交换生 Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1．邀请理由：
2．锻炼的具体安排。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hu
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Mlai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Mlai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. yuth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knwledge知识。根据常识可知，湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：16岁时，Mlai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人担心的事情。A. valuable珍贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. wrrying令人担心的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据该段后半部分可知，洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人担心。故选C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tensin紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。根据语境及常识可知，洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. Hwever但是；C. Therefre因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据“as well”可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开，而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。根据后文“that it was because there weren’t enugh trees t prtect them frm the heat.”可知，Mlai意识到鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directins方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。根据常识可知，树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Mlai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discvered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的“lking n his wn”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他“发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tugh困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Mlai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mlai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. prevent阻止；B. reduce减少；C. heat加热；D. cllect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的37年里，Mlai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. cntinued继续；D. failed失败。根据后文“His effrts have resulted in 1,360 acres (英亩) f naturally-grwn land that has becme hme t many plants and animals.”可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他会“继续”种树。故选C。
11．which 12．studied 13．was given 14．limited
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了屠呦呦和她的团队经过20多年的努力发现了治疗疟疾的药青蒿素，并因此在2015年被授予诺贝尔奖。
11．考查定语从句。句意：2015年12月7日，屠呦呦因发现治疗疟疾的救命药青蒿素而获得诺贝尔奖。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为artemisinin，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
12．考查时态。句意：屠呦呦大学时主修医学，后来跟随该领域的专家学习中医。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。故填studied。
13．考查时态和语态。句意：1969年，她受命成立一个团队，寻找疟疾的治疗方法。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词。根据时间状语in1969可知，用一般过去时。主语Tu Yuyu与give之间是被动关系，所以一般过去时的被动语态，主语第三人称，谓语用单数。故填was given。
14．考查形容词。句意：尽管资源有限，实验失败了数百次，他们还是找到了一种可能的化学物质。修饰名词resurces，前用形容词形式作定语。故填limited。
15．makes 16．even thugh/even if 17．weaknesses
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了不同的学生对老师的反馈有不同的看法。
15．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些学生认为老师直接和消极的反馈使他们失去信心。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。从句中主语为不可数名词feedback，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
16．考查连词。句意：一些人认为面对面的反馈是有效的，尽管这对老师来说是相当高的要求。结合句意可知，这里用even thugh/if即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句。故填even thugh/if。
17．考查名词的数。句意：其他同学喜欢具体的而不是笼统的评论，因为他们想知道自己的优点和缺点在哪里。名词weakness为可数名词，根据并列连词and前名词strengths可知，用名词的复数形式。故填weaknesses。
18．t learn 19．disliking 20．n
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是主动学习。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们因为说话者/作者的身份而拒绝学习或忽视所说的内容。refuse t d sth.拒绝做某事。故填t learn。
19．考查非谓语动词。句意：的确，我们情不自禁讨厌某些人——这毕竟是人的本性。cannt help ding sth.情不自禁做某事。故填disliking。
20．考查介词。句意：主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断别人，相反，他们会把信息和信使分开。be based n 根据；以……为基准。故填n。
21．B 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嘲鸫鸟和它们模仿其它鸟类叫声的原因。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They are gd cpycats. They imitate ther birds. But they can als imitate ther animals. They can even make sunds like a pian r car alarm. Mckingbirds learn t sing many sngs. Sme learn mre than 200 different sngs.(他们是很好的模仿者。它们模仿其他鸟类。但它们也能模仿其他动物。它们甚至可以发出像钢琴或汽车警报器一样的声音。反舌鸟学会唱许多歌。有些人学习200多种不同的歌曲。)”可知，嘲鸫鸟很特别是因为它们能模仿声音。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They usually sing at their nests in the winter t keep away ther birds.(它们通常在冬天在巢里唱歌，以赶走其他鸟类。)”可知，嘲鸫鸟冬天在它们的巢里唱歌是为了吓唬其他鸟。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Mckingbirds live in Nrth and Suth America. They are gd cpycats. They imitate ther birds. But they can als imitate ther animals. They can even make sunds like a pian r car alarm. Mckingbirds learn t sing many sngs. Sme learn mre than 200 different sngs. They can ften trick peple! But mckingbirds can’t trick ther birds. If they can’t trick ther birds, why d they cpy sunds? They d it t attract and avid ther birds!(嘲鸫鸟生活在北美和南美。他们是很好的模仿者。它们模仿其他鸟类。但它们也能模仿其他动物。它们甚至可以发出像钢琴或汽车警报器一样的声音。嘲鸫鸟学会唱许多歌。有些人学习200多种不同的歌曲。他们经常会欺骗人们!但是嘲鸫鸟不能欺骗其他鸟类。如果它们不能欺骗其他鸟类，为什么它们要模仿声音呢?它们这样做是为了吸引和避开其他鸟类!)”可知，本文是为了给读者介绍嘲鸫鸟及其特殊习性。故选D项。
24．A 25．C 26．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了印刷机的发展以及贡献。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ancient Rman bk publisher smetimes sld as many as 5, 000 cpies f a bk that had been cpied by slaves. But cpying a bk tk s much time and was s expensive that ften nly a few cpies f each bk were made. As a result, usually nly a small percentage f the ppulatin learned t read and wned bks. (古罗马的图书出版商有时能卖出5000本奴隶抄写的书。但是抄写一本书要花费大量的时间而且成本高昂，所以通常每本书只能抄写几本。因此，通常只有一小部分人学会阅读和拥有书籍)”可知，在古罗马，没有多少人读书，是因为他们没什么书可读。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“The impact f his machine is smetimes cmpared t the inventin f the Internet. (他的机器的影响有时被比作互联网的发明)”可知，由于其巨大的影响力，现代印刷机有时被比作互联网。故选C。
26．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Knwledge is pwer. Reading has brught abut amazing changes in science, technlgy and plitics. We have learned hw t create wealth and even travel t far-away wrlds. The cmputer, cellphne, and Internet have grwn, because billins f pwerful readers were created by the printing press. (知识就是力量。阅读给科学、技术和政治带来了惊人的变化。我们学会了如何创造财富，甚至去遥远的世界旅行。电脑、手机和互联网都在发展，因为印刷机创造了数十亿强大的读者)”以及最后一段“Frm 1450 n, mre and mre peple have becme readers. These billins f readers are pwerful, and they help the wrld t make prgress at a fast speed. (从1450年起，越来越多的人成为读者。数以亿计的读者是强大的，他们帮助世界快速进步)”可知，最后两段主要讨论了印刷机的贡献。故选B。
27．A 28．C 29．B 30．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对运输冰山作为解决淡水资源缺乏问题提出的假设以及可能性，并且认为解决了一系列的问题之后，这一办法是可行的。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Hw can a 200-millin-tn iceberg be mved? N ship is strng enugh t pull such enrmus weight thrugh the water. Perhaps several ships culd be used. Attaching rpes t an iceberg this size is als an enrmus prblem. (2亿吨的冰山怎么移动？没有一艘船能够在水中拖动如此巨大的重量。也许可以用几艘船。把绳子系在这么大的冰山上也是个大问题。)”可知，运输冰山的过程中由于冰山体积过大，运输将有难度，这将是运输过程中存在的一个问题，故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Althugh many questins must be answered befre such a prject culd be tried, mving icebergs seems a reasnable pssibility in the future.(尽管在尝试这样的项目之前必须回答许多问题，但移动冰山在未来似乎是一种合理的可能性。)”和最后一段中“As a slutin t the wrld’s water prblems, icebergs may be a wrkable pssibility.(作为世界水资源问题的解决方案，冰山也许是一种可行的可能性。)”可推知，作者认为作为解决世界用水问题的办法——移动冰山是合理的可能的解决办法，即作者对此方法持乐观积极的态度，故选C。
29．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“All f these prblems must be slved befre icebergs can becme a reasnable surce f water. Yet scientists estimate that it will be pssible t transprt them in the near future. Each year, enugh icebergs frm t supply the whle wrld with fresh water fr a full year. In additin, icebergs are free and nnplluting. As a slutin t the wrld’s water prblems, icebergs may be a wrkable pssibility.(在冰山成为合理的水源之前，所有这些问题都必须得到解决。然而，科学家们估计，在不久的将来将有可能运输它们。每年形成的冰山足以为全世界提供一整年的淡水。此外，冰山是自由和无污染的。作为世界水资源问题的解决方案，冰山也许是一种可行的可能性。)”可知，Yet后面的内容是重点，即该段告诉我们用冰山解决世界上淡水问题是个不错的选择。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Althugh many questins must be answered befre such a prject culd be tried, mving icebergs seems a reasnable pssibility in the future.(尽管在尝试这样的项目之前必须回答许多问题，但移动冰山在未来似乎是一种合理的可能性。)”和最后一段中“Yet scientists estimate that it will be pssible t transprt them in the near future. Each year, enugh icebergs frm t supply the whle wrld with fresh water fr a full year. In additin, icebergs are free and nnplluting. As a slutin t the wrld’s water prblems, icebergs may be a wrkable pssibility.(然而，科学家们估计，在不久的将来将有可能运输它们。每年形成的冰山足以为全世界提供一整年的淡水。此外，冰山是自由和无污染的。作为世界水资源问题的解决方案，冰山也许是一种可行的可能性。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们对运输冰山作为解决淡水资源缺乏问题提出的假设以及可能性，并且认为解决了一系列的问题之后，这一办法是可行的。A项“用冰山上的水”适合作文章标题，故选A。
31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一直关注自己的缺点可能会阻止我们与他人交朋友。因此我们应该自信，这样才能让别人喜欢自己。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Hwever, a cnstant fcus n ur suppsed shrtcmings can stp ur effrts t make friends with ther peple. Hw can we believe that thers culd like us if we believe ur inner being is flawed(有缺陷)?(然而，一直关注自己的缺点可能会阻止我们与他人交朋友的努力。如果我们相信自己的内在是有缺陷的，我们怎么能相信别人会喜欢我们呢)”可知，作者认为，关注自己的缺点会阻止我们交朋友，由此可推知，自信在交朋友中起着重要的作用。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“If smene seems t dislike yu, the reasn fr that dislike might have little r nthing t d with yu.(如果有人似乎不喜欢你，那么这种不喜欢的原因可能与你没有什么关系。)”可知，如果一个人不喜欢你，原因可能与你无关，即你也许不是那个该受责备的人，故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In fact, sme f the very qualities yu cnsider t be flaws may be irresistible t smene else.Fr all the factrs that might cause ne persn t reject yu, there are at least as many factrs that will wrk in yur favr with smene else. (事实上，一些你认为是缺点的特质可能对其他人来说是不可抗拒的。对于所有可能导致一个人拒绝你的因素，至少有同样多的因素会对你和其他人有利。)”可知，我们可以从第三段中了解到，你的弱点在某种程度上也可能是你的长处，故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The pint is that yu can fcus n just abut anything and believe it’s the reasn why yu d nt have friends and cannt make any.(关键是你可以专注于任何事情，并且相信这就是为什么你没有朋友，也不能交到朋友的原因。)”可推知，如果作者继续写，他最有可能提出如何发现你的优点。故选D。
35．C 36．G 37．B 38．F 39．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍心理学的益处。
35．由上文“Psychlgy is the scientific study f the mind and behavir. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding f psychlgy can help peple achieve insights int their wn actins as well as a better understanding f ther peple. (心理学是研究心理和行为的科学。对心理学有更丰富、更深入的理解，可以帮助人们洞察自己的行为，更好地理解他人。)”可知，上文主要讲解心理学的用处，而C项As a result, psychlgy becmes an incredibly ppular cllege majr.(因此，心理学成为一个非常受欢迎的大学专业。)，符合语境，其中“As a result”表示对上面陈述情况的总结，有承上作用。故选C项。
36．由上文“One imprtant benefit frm a psychlgy majr is that it teaches the student abut the human mind and why peple act in varius manners. Nt all psychlgy majrs will becme psychlgists. (心理学专业的一个重要好处是，它教给学生关于人类思维以及人们为什么以各种方式行事的知识。并非所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家。)”可知，这里主要讲心理学的一个好处，而G项Hwever, all psychlgy majrs will develp an increased awareness abut human behavir and thught patterns.(然而，所有心理学专业的学生都将提高对人类行为和思维模式的认识。)，符合语境，表明虽然不是所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家，但学习心理学对他们有益，其中“Hwever, all psychlgy majrs”与前文“Nt all psychlgy majrs”对应。故选G项。
37．由下文“It als shws the persn where he r she pssesses strength and crucial skills fr the mdern wrld. (它还显示了一个人在现代世界中拥有的力量和关键技能。)”可知，这里在讲自我意识的作用。而B项It shws the individual what areas the persn needs t strengthen.(它向个人展示了个人需要加强的领域。)，符合语境。其中“It shws”与下文“It als shws”对应。故选B项。
38．由第二段“One imprtant benefit frm a psychlgy majr is that it teaches the student abut the human mind and why peple act in varius manners. (心理学专业的一个重要好处是，它教给学生关于人类思维以及人们为什么以各种方式行事的知识。)”以及第三段“Psychlgy als ffers the individual insight int himself r herself. (心理学也提供了个体对自己的洞察。)”可知，前文讲述了心理学的两个好处，而F项The third reasn why psychlgy is a useful majr is that it pens up a wide range f career pprtunities.(心理学之所以是一门有用的专业，第三个原因是它为人们提供了广泛的职业机会。)，符合语境。其中“The third reasn”和前文对应，也与下文“These areas include industrial psychlgy, schl psychlgy, private practice, rganizatinal behaviral fields, law enfrcement and virtually every ther field.(这些领域包括工业心理学、学校心理学、私人实践、组织行为领域、执法以及几乎所有其他领域)”对应。故选F项。
39．由后文“As stated, there are a number f career pprtunities frm which a psychlgy majr may chse.(如上所述，心理学专业有许多职业机会可供选择。)”可知，心理学专业能提供很多就业机会。而E项All fields have the pprtunity t benefit frm the guidance that psychlgy can ffer.(所有领域都有机会从心理学提供的指导中受益。)，符合语境，其中“All fields ”与后文“a number f career pprtunities”对应。故选E项。
40．Expressive writing is different frm writing in a jurnal in that it is t reflect hnestly and thughtfully n a particular trauma r challenge. 41．Expressive writing can’t cure all mental prblems and is nt useful fr peple cping with a severe trauma r depressin. 42．Expressive writing has a calming effect because it can help peple t get rid f depressin, appreciate life mre and accept their experience.
Accrding t the passage, expressive writing can help peple feel less depressed, but can’t get rid f depressin. 43．言之有理即可
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的写作方式“表达性写作”，用这种写作方式来写创伤经历或困境对人是有好处的。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Expressive writing is different frm writing in a jurnal. The idea is t reflect hnestly and thughtfully n a particular trauma r challenge.(表达性写作不同于写日记。这个想法是为了诚实和深思熟虑地反思一个特定的创伤或挑战。)”可知，表达性写作不是单纯的记录一件事。故答案为Expressive writing is different frm writing in a jurnal in that it is t reflect hnestly and thughtfully n a particular trauma r challenge.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“But there are a few limitatins. Fr psychiatrists, expressive writing isn’t a magical cure-all, s it shuldn’t be used as a replacement fr ther treatments. And peple cping with a severe trauma r depressin may nt find it useful t d n their wn, withut therapy.(但也有一些限制。对于精神科医生来说，表达性写作并不是灵丹妙药，所以它不应该被用来替代其他治疗方法。而那些正在应对严重创伤或抑郁症的人可能会发现，如果不接受治疗，仅靠自己是没有用的。)”可知，表达性写作的缺陷是不能治愈所有精神上的问题，对于严重创伤或抑郁症患者，并没有作用。故答案为Expressive writing can’t cure all mental prblems and is nt useful fr peple cping with a severe trauma r depressin.
42．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Stantn’s research suggests that expressive writing can lead t lwer depressive symptms, greater psitive md, and an enhanced appreciatin fr life. “Writing can increase smene’s acceptance f their experience, and acceptance is calming,” she says.(斯坦顿的研究表明，表达性写作可以降低抑郁症状，增强积极情绪，增强对生活的感恩。她说：“写作可以提高人们对自己经历的接受度，而接受会让人平静下来。”)”可知，表达性写作可以降低抑郁症状，而不是消除抑郁。所以原句中的t get rid f depressin是错的。故答案为Expressive writing has a calming effect because it can help peple t get rid f depressin, appreciate life mre and accept their experience.
Accrding t the passage, expressive writing can help peple feel less depressed, but can’t get rid f depressin.
43．开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为When I feel wrried, I always listen t sme relaxing music, watch amusing films r g hiking in my spare time. Because these can help me feel relaxed and make me frget my wrries.
44．Dear Jim,
Hw’s everything ging? I’m writing t invite yu t jin in ur schl’s fitness prgram, One-hur Wrkut Every Day.
I knw yu’re really int sprts, and the wrkut is just perfect fr yu. It’s a gd chance t build up yur bdy and sweat away yur stress.
The wrkut is scheduled n every weekday frm 5 pm t 6 pm. We will first gather at the schl field fr a 10-minute warmup. After that, yu can chse either t exercise indrs r utdrs. Sprts like swimming, basketball and badmintn are all available in ur indr stadium. If yu prefer t exercise in the pen air, yu can run laps r play ftball t burn yur calries.
I’m lking frward t yur participatin.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加你校将开展每天锻炼一小时的活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：jin in →take part in
喜欢：be int → be fnd f
机会：chance →pprtunity
期望：lk frward t →expect
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing t invite yu t jin in ur schl’s fitness prgram, One-hur Wrkut Every Day.
拓展句：I’m writing t invite yu t jin in ur schl’s fitness prgram, which is called One-hur Wrkut Every Day.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s a gd chance t build up yur bdy and sweat away yur stress. (运用了it作形式主语，真正主语为不定式的结构)
[高分句型2] If yu prefer t exercise in the pen air, yu can run laps r play ftball t burn yur calries. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)