【期中真题】北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题.zip

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海淀区2022—2023学年第一学期期中练习
高三英语
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A couple in Italy who met at a nightly balcony concert during the coronavirus lockdown are becoming a modern-day Romeo and Juliet in the same city where Shakespeare’s story of unfortunate lovers took place.
Edda Farina and Marco Colombo___1___each other during one of the regular 6:00 pm___2___concerts designed to cheer up the community.
Edda initially noticed Marco when she stepped outside to his violin___3___on his balcony. She said, “The music was like an arrow fired by Cupid”. Marco, who also fell in love at first sight, tracked Edda down on social media. The two kept___4___each other till one day Marco made a big banner to hang from the top floor of his building with Edda’s name on it to___5___his love for her.
They then had their first date in a park as the restrictions were___6___in May. It turned out the couple had lived in the same neighbourhood for much of their lives but it___7___a global pandemic to finally bring them together. Perhaps the fact that the couple could lean on each other during the lockdown meant that they had built a___8___foundation before they met up. As Marco shared on his social media, “We are considering a wedding ceremony on the large roof of my apartment building, which would___9___since we met on our balconies”.
Finally a balcony love story that ends happily—one Shakespeare himself could never have____10____!
1. A. greeted B. recognized C. spotted D. monitored
2. A. balcony B. charity C. folk D. square
3. A. studio B. talent C. practice D. performance
4. A. consulting B. messaging C. dating D. visiting
5. A. seek B. declare C. share D. win
6. A. lifted B. announced C. introduced D. rejected
7. A. caused B. deserved C. needed D. took
8. A. sound B. material C. fresh D. basic
9. A. work out B. take effect C. make sense D. pay off
10. A. understood B. adopted C. edited D. anticipated
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了疫情期间，一对男女因为阳台音乐会而相爱故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃达·法里娜和马尔科·科伦坡是在晚上6点的阳台音乐会中相遇的，这是一场旨在鼓舞社区的常规音乐会。A. greeted欢迎；B. recognized认出；C. spotted发现；D. monitored监视；监听。分析文章可知，埃达·法里娜和马尔科·科伦坡本身是不认识的两人，是因为阳台音乐会才发现了彼此。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃达·法里娜和马尔科·科伦坡是在晚上6点的阳台音乐会中相遇的，这是一场旨在鼓舞社区的常规音乐会。A. balcony阳台；B. charity慈善机构；C. folk家人；D. square广场。下文提到“Edda initially noticed Marco when she stepped outside to his violin 3 on his balcony.（埃达最初注意到马可是在她走到阳台上听他演奏小提琴的时候。）”由此判断，两人最初相识的地方是在各自的阳台上。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃达最初注意到马可是在她走到阳台上听他演奏小提琴的时候。A. studio录音室； B. talent天才； C. practice练习； D. performance表演。前文提到“one of the regular 6:00 pm 2 concerts designed to cheer up the community.（这是一场旨在鼓舞社区的常规音乐会。）”由此判断，阳台音乐会指的是在阳台上进行音乐表演。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人不停地发信息，直到有一天，马可做了一面大横幅挂在他的大楼的顶层，上面写着埃达的名字，以表达他对她的爱。A. consulting咨询；B. messaging发信息；C. dating约会；D. visiting拜访。前文提到“Marco, who also fell in love at first sight, tracked Edda down on social media. （马可也对埃达一见钟情，他在社交媒体上找到了爱达。）”且因为疫情的原因居家隔离，因此两人只能通过互联网发送消息进行联系。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人不停地发信息，直到有一天，马可做了一面大横幅挂在他的大楼的顶层，上面写着埃达的名字，以表达他对她的爱。A. seek寻找；B. declare宣布；声明；C. share分享；D. win赢得。前文提到“Marco made a big banner to hang from the top floor of his building with Edda’s name on it（马可做了一面大横幅挂在他的大楼的顶层，上面写着埃达的名字）”由此判断，马可通过在楼顶挂横幅的行动在现实世界里公开表达了对埃达的爱。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着今年5月禁令的解除，他们在一个公园里进行了第一次约会。A. lifted解除；撤销； B. announced宣布； C. introduced介绍； D. rejected拒绝。前文提到“They then had their first date in a park（他们在一个公园里进行了第一次约会）”能在公园里约会说明居家隔离的禁令解除了。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这对夫妇大半生都住在同一个街区，但直到一场全球大流行才让他们终于走到了一起。A. caused造成；引起； B. deserved值得，应受; C. needed需要; D. took花费；遭受。分析句子可知，此处是It takes sth.to do sth.，意为“做……需要付出……（代价）”。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许这对夫妇在封锁期间可以互相依靠的事实意味着他们在见面之前已经建立了一个坚实的基础。A. sound坚实的； B. material物质的； C. fresh新鲜的； D. basic基础的。后文提到“We are considering a wedding ceremony on the large roof of my apartment building（我们正在考虑在我公寓大楼的大屋顶上举行婚礼）”由此判断，之前在现实世界中互不认识的两人，在封锁期间因为阳台音乐会而相识，并且在网上互相联系上彼此最终走向婚姻的殿堂，证明他们在结婚前应该打下了坚实的认知基础。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：我们正在考虑在我公寓大楼的大屋顶举行婚礼，这是有意义的，因为我们是在阳台上认识的。A. work out解决；实现； B. take effect生效；起作用； C. make sense有意义； D. pay off付清；取得成功。后文提到“ we met on our balconies（我们是在阳台上认识的）”由此判断两人因为在阳台相识而选择在屋顶举行婚礼应该是一件非常有意义的事。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：终于，一个阳台上的爱情故事圆满结束了——这是莎士比亚自己都没有预料到的!A. understood理解； B. adopted收养；采纳； C. edited编辑；校订； D. anticipated预料。文章第一段提到“A couple in Italy who met at a nightly balcony concert during the coronavirus lockdown are becoming a modern-day Romeo and Juliet in the same city where Shakespeare’s story of unfortunate lovers took place.（意大利一对情侣在冠状病毒封锁期间在一场夜间阳台音乐会上相遇，在莎士比亚不幸的恋人故事发生的同一座城市，他们正在成为现代版的罗密欧与朱丽叶。）”原本是莎士比亚笔下爱情悲剧发生的地方，但是在疫情期间却上演了一场爱情的美好结局，这是莎士比亚自己都无法预料的事情。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Charles Dickens was born on February 7th, 1812, the son of a clerk at the Navy Pay Office. His father,____11____(continuous) living beyond his means, was imprisoned for debt in the Marshalsea in 1824. Twelve-year-old Charles ____12____(remove) from school and sent to work at a boot-blacking factory, earning six shillings a week to help support the family.
This dark experience cast a shadow over the clever, sensitive boy. The childhood poverty and feelings of abandonment would be a heavy influence____13____Dickens’ later views on social reform and the world he would create through his fiction.
【答案】11. continuously
12. was removed
13. on##over##upon
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了查尔斯·狄更斯的人生经历故事。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：他父亲一直入不敷出，1824年因债务被囚禁在马绍尔西。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词continuously修饰动词短语live beyond his means。故填continuously。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：12岁的查尔斯被勒令退学，被送到一家擦鞋厂工作，每周挣6先令，以贴补家用。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由and连接的sent可知，此处为动词一般过去时，结合句意可知，主语Charles和动词remove为被动关系，故为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填was removed。
【13题详解】
考查介词。句意：童年的贫困和被遗弃感对狄更斯后来对社会改革的看法以及他通过小说所创造的世界产生了重大影响。be an influence on/over/upon“是对……方面产生影响”为固定短语，故此处为介词on/over/upon的填入。故填on/over/upon。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Farming was considered part of the rural charm in the past. But now, farms have come to the concrete jungle and they can even be found high up on balconies.
According to a recent report____14____(release) by a Chinese e-commerce platform, the sales of vegetable seeds in the first quarter on T–mall doubled compared with the same period last year. Sales of products such as nutrient soil and gardening tools____15____(rise) three times since last April. Out of all the people____16____(buy) farming tools and seeds, most were born after 1995.
【答案】14. released
15. have risen
16. buying
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在过去，农业被认为是乡村魅力的一部分。但现在，农场已经来到了混凝土丛林，甚至可以在高高的阳台上找到它们。据中国某电子商务平台最近发布的一份报告显示，今年第一季度天猫蔬菜种子销量较去年同期翻了一番。自去年4月以来，营养土和园艺工具等产品的销量增长了三倍。在所有购买农具和种子的人中，大多数是95后。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据中国某电子商务平台最近发布的一份报告显示，今年第一季度天猫蔬菜种子销量较去年同期翻了一番。分析句子结构可知release与逻辑主语report构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填released。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：自去年4月以来，营养土和园艺工具等产品的销量增长了三倍。根据后文since last April可知应用现在完成时，主语为Sales of products，助动词用have。故填have risen。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在所有购买农具和种子的人中，大多数是95后。分析句子结构可知buy与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填buying。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
How people think about their competence____17____(influence) how they learn and grow. People with a fixed mindset believe that their talents and qualities are pre-determined and unchanging. Therefore, they easily adopt limiting beliefs about____18____they can and cannot do. This fixed mindset can lead people to avoid challenges, to feel threatened by others’ success, and to turn a deaf ear____19____there is an ethical misbehavior. On the contrary, people driven by growth mindset are more convinced that their____20____(capable) can be developed, thus more motivated to take on challenges and respond well to criticism.
【答案】17. influences
18. what 19. when##if

20. capability##capabilities
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们如何看待自己的能力影响着他们如何学习和成长。心态固定的人认为他们的才能和品质是预先决定的，是不变的。这种固定的思维模式会导致人们逃避挑战，对他人的成功感到威胁，对道德上的不当行为充耳不闻。相反，受成长思维驱动的人更相信自己的能力可以得到发展，从而更有动力接受挑战并对批评做出良好回应。
【17题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人们如何看待自己的能力影响着他们如何学习和成长。根据上文think可知为一般现在时，主语为How people think about their competence，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填influences。
【18题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：因此，他们很容易对自己能做什么和不能做什么采取限制性的信念。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物应用what。故填what。
【19题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：这种固定的心态会导致人们回避挑战，对他人的成功感到威胁，并在出现道德不当行为时（如果存在道德上的不当行为）置若罔闻。此处可理解为时间状语从句，即当有不当行为出现时，表示“当……时候”用when；或条件状语从句，即如果有不当行为，表示“如果”用if。故填when/if。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：相反，受成长思维驱动的人更相信自己的能力可以得到发展，从而更有动力接受挑战并对批评做出良好回应。作从句主语应用名词capability，该词即可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；作可数名词时，结合上文their用复数形式。故填capability/capabilities。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该 项涂黑。
A
Nia’s family moved often, finding shelter in rooms with relatives. Tensions rose with every move and shouting matches were constant. When everything came to a boil, Nia found it best to keep silent. She became more and more withdrawn as she got older, losing confidence in herself and her voice.
When she was a young adult, Nia had developed a fear of speaking. So when a friend told her about YouthCare’s Tile Project, she was terrified. But Nia wanted to take steps to find a job and support herself. She finally took a deep breath and decided to give it a shot.
Nia signed up for a ceramic (陶瓷) class. The passion she gained for learning a new craft was clear-but when it came to group activities in the classroom, Nia struggled. She told staff that she didn’t like being around people she didn’t know. So when the class was given the opportunity to sell their artwork at a local fair, Nia hesitated. With the support from YouthCare Career Coordinator, Kate, she cautiously agreed.
When the big day came, shoppers poured into the fair, approaching Nia with questions about the program and art pieces for sale. Each time, Nia turned to Kate to whisper the answers in her ear, and Kate repeated the answers out loud. At one point during the fair, she was left alone for a moment. When a customer came up to ask a question, Nia answered with hesitation. Soon after, another visitor came. When Kate returned to her side, Nia fought back her fears and answered their questions on her own.
Nia’s confidence grew with every interaction. By the end of the day, she was beaming. “I was so impressed by Nia. She really loved explaining to customers how to fire ceramic,” said Kate. “The artwork she sold was the biggest sale of the day!”
That day at the fair was life-changing for Nia. She discovered that she truly enjoyed talking to others-especially about art! With continued support from staff to build communication skills and confidence, Nia completed the Tile Project with flying colors.
21. What made Nia finally decide to try the Project?
A. Her family atmosphere. B. Her friend’s persuasion.
C. Her desire to find a job. D. Her passion for ceramics.
22. The fair is life-changing for Nia because she .
A. discovered her true love in art B. made the biggest sale in the fair
C won the recognition of customers D. gained confidence through interaction
23. What can we know about Nia?
A She was forced to the fair. B. She did very well throughout the fair.
C. She finished the project successfully. D. She was struggling in learning ceramic.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公妮娅通过一次在交易会上的表现，成功地克服了与他人交流的恐惧，建立了通技巧和信心，出色地完成了工作的项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But Nia wanted to take steps to find a job and support herself. She finally took a deep breath and decided to give it a shot.”（但妮娅想找份工作养活自己。她终于深吸了一口气，决定试一试。）可知，她想找工作的愿望是让她最终决定尝试这个计划的。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Nia’s confidence grew with every interaction. By the end of the day, she was beaming. “I was so impressed by Nia. She really loved explaining to customers how to fire ceramic,” said Kate.”（每和妮娅交流一次，她的信心就增加一次。那天结束时，她满脸笑容。“妮娅给我留下了深刻的印象。她非常喜欢向顾客解释如何烧制陶瓷。”凯特说。）可知，这次交易会改变了妮娅的生活，因为她在互动中获得了自信。故选D项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With continued support from staff to build communication skills and confidence, Nia completed the Tile Project with flying colors.”（在工作人员的持续支持下，妮娅建立了沟通技巧和信心，出色地完成了瓷砖项目。）故可推知，关于妮娅，我们知道她最终成功地完成了这个项目。ABD选项与原文实意不符。故选C项。
B
It is our mission to help busy but curious home cooks make the best purchase decisions. Now compile our informative lists below.
Kitchn
If you’re dedicated to learning the ins and outs of cooking and want a full program, Kitchn Cooking School offers an online course that includes 20 lessons over 20 days for only $30 each class.
Each day, a new topic is covered, starting with knife skills and ending with how to plan, cook and throw a dinner party. Most importantly, the instructors value the joy in cooking. The tone of Kitchn is light, playful, and fun, but still professional and very informative.
Udemy
With over 183,000 online courses available, Udemy offers a variety of cooking courses taught by instructors around the country.
Many videos come with bonus material that includes suggestions on kitchen tools and equipment. Udemy offers great deals with large sales on classes, as well as a selection of free content. Courses come with full, lifetime access when purchased and a 30-day, money-back guarantee. Prices generally range from $10 to $30.
Rouxbe
Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school among industry professionals, Rouxbe offers a wide array of individual lessons, plus their professional certificate programs.
Membership costs around $15 per month or $99 per year, but Rouxbe often offers discounts on their annual membership, as well as a 30–day free trial. So, if you’ve been struggling to come up with recipes to cook at home, Rouxbe is a fantastic resource that provides simple, quality professional guidance.
NYT
NYT is recognized for its food section and offers a large selection of instructional cooking videos online for all skill levels.
For those with specific dietary preferences, you can easily find what you’re looking for by selecting categories like dairy–free, low-carb, high fiber and more. Membership fee is around $5 per month or $40 annually for unlimited access. And, not to worry: You can cancel at any time.
24. Which one is most likely to attract vegetarians?
A. Kitchn. B. Udemy. C. Rouxbe. D. NYT.
25. What can we know from the passage?
A. Kitchn is recognized for its professional and informative style.
B. Udemy offers rich cooking courses by worldwide instructors.
C. Rouxbe is highly thought of by industry professionals.
D. NYT targets people with specific dietary preferences.
26. What do the four schools have in common?
A. They offer online courses. B. They allow special discounts.
C. They provide extra materials. D. They engage famous instructors.
27. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To compare the cooking methods. B. To recommend cooking schools.
C. To promote home cooking skills. D. To introduce cooking courses.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个提供在线烹饪课程的学校，旨在帮助忙碌但好奇的家庭厨师做出最佳购买决定。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据NYT部分“For those with specific dietary preferences, you can easily find what you’re looking for by selecting categories like dairy–free, low-carb, high fiber and more.（对于那些有特定饮食偏好的人，你可以通过选择无乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纤维等类别轻松找到你想要的食物。）”可知，NYT最有可能吸引素食者。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据Kitchn部分“The tone of Kitchn is light, playful, and fun, but still professional and very informative.（Kitchn的语气轻快、俏皮、有趣，但仍然很专业，信息量很大。）”不能推断出Kitchn以其专业和信息丰富的风格而闻名。故A项说法错误；根据Udemy部分“With over 183,000 online courses available, Udemy offers a variety of cooking courses taught by instructors around the country.（Udemy拥有超过183000门在线课程，提供由全国各地的教师教授的各种烹饪课程。）”可知，B项中“worldwide instructors” 说法错误；根据Rouxbe部分“Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school among industry professionals,（Rouxbe被公认为行业专业人士中领先的在线烹饪学校，）”可知，C项“Rouxbe受到行业专业人士的高度评价。”说法正确；根据NYT部分“For those with specific dietary preferences, you can easily find what you’re looking for by selecting categories like dairy–free, low-carb, high fiber and more.（对于那些有特定饮食偏好的人，你可以通过选择无乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纤维等类别轻松找到你想要的食物。）” 不能推断出NYT针对有特定饮食偏好的人。故D项说法错误。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据Kitchn部分“Kitchn Cooking School offers an online course that…”、Udemy部分“With over 183,000 online courses available…”、Rouxbe部分“Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school…”以及NYT部分“NYT is recognized for its food section and offers a large selection of instructional cooking videos online for all skill levels.”可知，这四所学校的共同之处是都提供在线课程。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“It is our mission to help busy but curious home cooks make the best purchase decisions. Now compile our informative lists below.(我们的使命是帮助忙碌但好奇的家庭厨师做出最佳的购买决定。现在编织了下面的信息名单。)”以及文中Kitchn、Udemy、Rouxbe和NYT是四所提供在线烹饪课程的学校。本文的写作目的是推荐这四所学校，以帮助那些忙碌但好奇的家庭厨师做出最佳购买决定。故选B。
C
Next Frontiers
Schoolbooks typically present explorers as intrepid (勇敢的) individuals who, for example, sail wooden ships to new lands. But today most explorers who are making fundamental discoveries are scientists. And whether the frontiers are tiny, like the human genome, or massive, like our deepest oceans, we still have much left to learn about planet Earth. The quests that modern scientists pursue rival (比得上) anything in a history book or an adventure novel.
Exploration is science in its most basic form — asking questions of the natural world and, we hope, using the answers for the betterment of everything on Earth.
Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists who spent decades exploring what was in the atmosphere found that over time the concentration of carbon dioxide was rising. Without that discovery, we humans would now be living like the proverbial frog in a pot of gradually heating water, unsure why the environment around us is changing, and slowly boiling to death.
The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation. Early human submersibles that reached the bottom of the deepest ocean trenches made the trip just once, stressed by the enormous pressures there. But eventually a more stress-resistant deep–submergence vehicle, the Limiting Factor, allowed investor and undersea explorer Victor Vescovo to reach trench bottoms numerous times.
Now there are roughly 4,000 autonomous Argo floats across the world’s oceans that dive down to 2,000 feet and resurface every 10 days. Programmable vessels greatly expand our reach and reduce the risk to the people involved in exploration, allowing for the kind of discovery that the human body might limit. The Argo group will also deploy dozens of sensors every year that will gather biological and chemical data, leading to new observations about marine life.
Other institutions plan to search the seas in unison, sending data to guide ships that forward the information to researchers on shore. Ocean research groups have made it a priority to openly share their discoveries and data with the public and to inspire the next generation of young scientists. Anyone can go along for the ride — we can all be explorers. Maybe one day you’ll explore the Great Barrier Reef, the desert, or a rain-forest canopy.
Captain James T. Kirk began each episode of the original Star Trek television series by saying, “Space, the final frontier.” Not necessarily. We still have plenty to discover right here on Earth, and we eagerly await surprises from the newest worlds we find.
28. The example “proverbial frog” in Paragraph 3 is used to .
A. illustrate the significance of exploration B. stress the importance of knowledge
C. argue for the necessity of innovation D. show the impact of global warming
29. We can learn from Paragraph 4 and 5 that .
A. the human desire to overcome challenges leads to innovation
B. sea life observation is the final purpose of ocean exploration
C. the findings of ocean exploration are rather disappointing
D. new technologies push human exploration in the ocean
30. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Few modern scientists are true explorers. B. The space will be human’s final frontier.
C. Exploring is an in-born human quality. D. Exploring the earth can still be fruitful.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了探索是科学最基本的形式——提出自然世界的问题，我们希望用这些问题的答案来改善地球上的一切。文章论述了探索地球的重要作用和意义。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists who spent decades exploring what was in the atmosphere found that over time the concentration of carbon dioxide was rising. Without that discovery, we humans would now be living like the proverbial frog in a pot of gradually heating water, unsure why the environment around us is changing, and slowly boiling to death.(探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命。科学家们花了几十年的时间探索大气中的物质，发现随着时间的推移，二氧化碳的浓度在上升。如果没有这一发现，我们人类现在就会像谚语所说的青蛙一样生活在逐渐加热的锅里，不确定我们周围的环境为什么会发生变化，然后慢慢地沸腾而死)”可推知，第三段中的“谚语青蛙”的例子用来说明探索的重要性。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation. Early human submersibles that reached the bottom of the deepest ocean trenches made the trip just once, stressed by the enormous pressures there. But eventually a more stress-resistant deep-submergence vehicle, the Limiting Factor, allowed investor and undersea explorer Victor Vescovo to reach trench bottoms numerous times.(人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新。早期的人类潜水器到达最深的海沟底部，在巨大的压力下只进行了一次。但最终，一种更耐压力的深海潜水器——“限制因子”，让投资者和海底探险家维克多·维斯科沃得以多次到达海沟底部)”可知，人类克服挑战的欲望导致了创新。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving.(探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命)”；第四段中“The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation.(人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新)”以及最后一段中“We still have plenty to discover right here on Earth, and we eagerly await surprises from the newest worlds we find. (我们在地球上还有很多东西要发现，我们热切地等待着来自我们发现的最新世界的惊喜)”可推知，探索地球仍然是富有成效的。故选D。
D
Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance.
In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles — so called because of their tendency to change states suddenly. Volatiles evaporate easily, drifting into noses. In plants’ reproductive processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators (授粉昆虫). But their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests.
What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar (稀释的花蜜) that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom—all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.
But though “Scent” is a story of plants’ cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind. People have long used fragrances for their own purposes, particularly for use in religious ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple in Edfu demonstrate just how long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly prized were some scents that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon.
Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances. In 1866 a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time. Sixteen years later, Houbigant Parfum released Fougère Royale, the first “modern fantasy perfume” that creates an imaginary scent rather than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance–making is dominated by man–made compounds, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities.
That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Scent is accordingly big business. It is said that a world–famous fragrance and flavour manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day, had sales of €3.8bn last year.
31. According to Paragraph 1 and 2, which would the author agree with?
A. Some plants might kill the pests with their smells.
B. Fragrance is a tool for plants to protect themselves.
C. People interact with nature easily through fragrance.
D. Fragrances are less important to humans than to animals and insects.
32. What does the underlined word “prized” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. Developed. B. Rewarded. C. Mixed. D. Valued.
33. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Humans do not use fragrances as purposefully as plants do.
B. Natural sources for fragrances will be out of date in the future.
C. Plants use fragrances to both attract and send away pollinators.
D. Man–made fragrances have to be produced by copying natural ones.
34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Plants Smell, Insects Prey B. Smartness behind Fragrance
C. Fragrance: To Make or Not to Make D. Fragrance Connects Human & Nature
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力完全是偶然发生的。文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及繁殖的。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests.(如果一只昆虫咬穿了一些Bursera植物的叶子，就会喷出一种粘性的、有臭味的液体来困住它。土狼烟草植物甚至更狡猾：一旦嗅到饥饿毛虫的气味，它们就会产生挥发物，吸引捕食者杀死害虫)”可推知，作者认同香味是植物保护自己的工具。故选B。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon”可知，为了吓跑竞争对手，阿拉伯商人传播了一个关于守护肉桂的巨鹰的传说，可见有些香料非常珍贵，让商人通过传说来吓跑竞争对手。故画线词意思是“宝贵的”。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar (稀释的花蜜) that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom—all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.(真正令人惊奇的是植物在利用它们的气味进行繁殖时是多么的狡猾。白花通常在夜间散发气味，以吸引夜间传粉者，如飞蛾。它们产生稀释的花蜜，鼓励飞蛾不断移动，而不是停留在一个单一的花期，这更好地增加授粉。其他花朵在成功授粉后会改变它们的香味，作为昆虫转移到其他地方的信号)”可知，植物利用香味来吸引和赶走传粉者。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance.(长期以来，人类一直从自然界的气味中获得快乐。不过，在大多数情况下，人类并不是它们的目标市场。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力完全是偶然发生的)”结合文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及繁殖的。可知，B选项“香味背后的聪明机智”最符合文章标题。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Sociologists Define Culture
Culture is one of the most important concepts within sociology because sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our social lives. It is important for shaping social relationships, maintaining and challenging social order, determining how we make sense of the world and our place in it, and in shaping our everyday actions and experiences in society.____35____
In brief, sociologists define the non–material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people. Expanding on these categories, culture is made up of our knowledge, common sense, assumptions and expectations. It is also the rules, norms, laws and morals that govern society; the words we use as well as how we speak and write them; and the symbols we use to express meaning, ideas and concepts.____36____It informs and is encapsulated in how we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others; how we behave depending on the place, time and “audience”; and how we express identities of race, class and gender, among others. Culture includes the collective practices we participate in as well, such as religious ceremonies, the celebration of secular holidays and attending sporting events.
____37____This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things, from buildings, technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others. Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products.
Sociologists see the two sides of culture—the material and non–material—as closely connected. Material culture emerges from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of culture.____38____But it is not a one–way relationship between material and non–material culture. Material culture can also influence the non-material aspects of culture. For example, a powerful documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs.____39____What has come before in terms of music, film, television and art, for example, influences the values, beliefs and expectations of those who interact with them, which then, in turn, influence the creation of additional cultural products.
A. This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.
B. It is composed of both non-material and material things.
C. Without culture, we would not have relationships or society.
D. Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.
E. Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.
F. Culture is distinct from social structure and economic aspects of society.
G. In other words, what we value, believe and know influences the things that we make.
【答案】35. B 36. D 37. E 38. G 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会学概念中文化的各种形式以及内容。
【35题详解】
前文提到“It is important for shaping social relationships, maintaining and challenging social order, determining how we make sense of the world and our place in it, and in shaping our everyday actions and experiences in society.（它对塑造社会关系、维护和挑战社会秩序、决定我们如何理解世界和我们在其中的地位、塑造我们在社会中的日常行为和经验都很重要。）”，后文提到“In brief, sociologists define the non–material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people.（简而言之，社会学家将文化的非物质方面定义为一群人共有的价值观、信仰、语言、交流和实践。）”社会学家提到了文化在非物质方面表现为价值观、信仰、语言等，由此可知文化在社会学表现为物质和非物质方面。B项“It is composed of both non-material and material things.”（它由非物质的和物质的东西组成。）该项可作为第一段的段尾句同时引起第二段关于文化两个方面的内容，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
【36题详解】
后文提到“It informs and is encapsulated in how we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others; how we behave depending on the place, time and “audience”; and how we express identities of race, class and gender, among others. （它体现在我们走路、坐着、抬着身体以及与他人互动的方式中；我们的行为取决于地点、时间和“观众”；以及我们如何表达种族、阶级和性别等身份。）”由此判断，人们的一些行为也是根据文化本身而进行的。D项“Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.”（文化也是我们所做的以及我们的行为和表现。）该项提到的“行为和表现”对应后文中出现的“走路、坐着、互动方式”等，起到承上启下的作用。故选D。
【37题详解】
第三段第二句提到“This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things, from buildings, technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others.（这方面的文化包括各种各样的东西，从建筑、科技产品和服装，到电影、音乐、文学和艺术等等。）”能通过建筑、科技等方式体现的文化指的是文化的物质方面，E项“Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.”（物质文化是由人类制造和使用的东西组成的。）该项提到的“由人类制造和使用的东西”指的是后文中提到的“建筑、科技产品、服装”等。由此判断该项起到引起后文的作用。故选E。
【38题详解】
前文提到“Material culture emerges from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of culture.（物质文化产生于文化的非物质方面，并受其塑造。）”文化的物质和非物质方面是相互影响的，尤其是非物质方面会影响物质方面，G项“In other words, what we value, believe and know influences the things that we make.”（换句话说，我们所重视的、相信的和知道的影响着我们所做的事情）由此判断，该项中提到的“what we value, believe and know ”（我们所重视的、相信的和知道的）即为文化的非物质方面，该项起到承上启下的作用，故选G。
【39题详解】
前文提到“ a powerful documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs.”（一部好的纪录片可能会改变人的态度和信仰），且后文提到“What has come before in terms of music, film, television and art, for example, influences the values, beliefs and expectations of those who interact with them, which then, in turn, influence the creation of additional cultural products.”（例如，之前在音乐、电影、电视和艺术方面出现的东西影响着与之互动的人的价值观、信仰和期望，而这些价值观、信仰和期望又反过来影响着其他文化产品的创造。）音乐、电影、电视等方面出现的都是属于文化产品，而价值观、信仰和期望又会对文化产品的创造产生影响。由此判断文化产品的产生也是受一定价值观、信仰等方面的影响。A项“This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.”（这就是为什么文化产品倾向于遵循模式。）起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选A。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Nobody likes to feel anxious. Anxiety is among the most common and criticized of human emotions. Studies show that over 100 million people in the U.S. will suffer from an anxiety disorder in their lifetime. Rates, especially among the young, have been rising for the past decade. It seems, then, that our efforts to contain anxiety aren’t working.
As a clinical psychologist and neuroscience researcher, I believe that we mental health professionals have made a terrible mistake. Feeling anxious isn’t the problem. The problem is that we don’t understand how to respond constructively to anxiety. That’s why it’s increasingly hard to know how to feel good.
This “bad” feeling isn’t a failure of mental health. It’s a triumph of human evolution: the ability to think about the uncertain future and prepare for it. The unpleasant emotion, for example, fear, signals that you may be in danger—from a predator, bully or speeding car—and readies your body and mind to fight or take flight.
Anxiety, by contrast, has nothing to do with present threats. Instead, it turns you into a mental time traveler, drawing your attention to what lies ahead. Will you succeed or fail in that interview for a job you desperately want? Anxiety prompts your mind and body into action. Your worries force you to prepare thoroughly for the interview, while your heart races and pumps blood to your brain so that you stay sharp and focused, prepared to pursue your goals.
Research has also shown something that many scientists didn’t expect: higher levels of dopamine (多巴胺) when we’re anxious. We have long known that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable and also in anticipation of rewards. The fact that anxiety also boosts dopamine levels points to its role in making positive possibilities into reality.
Many of us feel overwhelmed by lasting anxiety and don’t see any benefit from it. We have come to believe that the best way to cope is to get rid of it. But treating anxiety like a disease prevents us from distinguishing between ordinary anxiety and anxiety disorders. We need to develop a new mindset about this misunderstood emotion. Anxiety can’t do its job unless it makes us uncomfortable, forcing us to sit up and pay attention. We don’t need to like anxiety—just to use it in the right way.
40. Why is it increasingly hard for us to know how to feel good?
_____________________________________________________________
41. How does anxiety help one in a job interview?
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Research has shown that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable, but it is in lower levels when we are anxious.
_____________________________________________________________
43. How do you cope with anxiety positively in your daily life? (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Because we don’t understand how to respond constructively to anxiety.
41. It prompts one’s mind and body into action and it helps him/her to stay sharp and focused in the interview, prepared to pursue his/her goals.
42. Research has shown that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable, but it is in lower levels when we are anxious.
Because dopamine is in higher levels when we are anxious.
43. 版本一：We should develop a good mindset about this misunderstood emotion and try to use it in the right way in our daily life, which can help us get rid of it gradually.版本二： I’m usually anxious about the tons of work ahead. To deal with it, I make a checklist of the tasks in order of priority. Whenever I finish one, I’ll tick it off. In this way, anxiety pushes me forward and I translate it into productivity.

【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。焦虑已成为现在社会普遍存在的一种现象，人们将它视为糟糕的情绪。文章讲述了焦虑形成的原因、优缺点及如何应对焦虑的方法。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“The problem is that we don’t understand how to respond constructively to anxiety. That’s why it’s increasingly hard to know how to feel good. ”（问题是我们不知道如何建设性地应对焦虑。这就是为什么越来越难知道如何感觉良好。）可知，我们越来越不知道怎样感到快乐的原因是我们不知道如何建设性地去应对焦虑。故答案为：Because we don’t understand how to respond constructively to anxiety.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“Anxiety prompts your mind and body into action. Your worries force you to prepare thoroughly for the interview, while your heart races and pumps blood to your brain so that you stay sharp and focused, prepared to pursue your goals.”（焦虑促使你的思想和身体付诸行动。你的担忧迫使你为面试做了充分的准备，你会心跳加速、大脑充血，这样你就会保持敏锐和专注，为达成目标做好充分准备。）可知，焦虑会促使人的思想和身体付诸行动，帮助他/她在面试中保持敏锐和专注、实现目标。故答案为：It prompts one’s mind and body into action and it helps him/her to stay sharp and focused in the interview, prepared to pursue his/her goals.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“Research has also shown something that many scientists didn’t expect: higher levels of dopamine (多巴胺) when we’re anxious.”（研究也显示了某些科学家们没想到的结果：当我们焦虑时，多巴胺水平更高。）可知，“but it is in lower levels when we are anxious”这一部分是错误的，按题目要求划线；原因就是根据文章的描述，研究所得结果是：当我们焦虑时，多巴胺水平更高。故答案为：Research has shown that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable, but it is in lower levels when we are anxious. Because dopamine is in higher levels when we are anxious.
【43题详解】
考查开放答题。根据最后一段“We have come to believe that the best way to cope is to get rid of it. ”（我们要相信最后的应对办法就是摆脱它。）和“We need to develop a new mindset about this misunderstood emotion.”（我们需要对这种让人误解的情绪有一个新的心态。）及“We don’t need to like anxiety—just to use it in the right way.”（我们不需要喜欢焦虑——只是用正确的方式使用它。）可以推测，在日常生活中，我们应该有一个良好的心态来看待焦虑，正确使用它，争取逐渐摆脱它。故答案为：We should develop a good mindset about this misunderstood emotion and try to use it in the right way in our daily life, which can help us get rid of it gradually.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。近期你班计划开展“信息安全教育”的主题班会，请你给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.班会目的及活动安排；
2.请他参加并在会后发表感想。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词语：information security
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
How are you doing? Our class is going to hold a class meeting recently, whose theme is “Information Security Education”. I’m writing to share some details with you and invite you to take part in it.
With the increasing popularity of Internet, the security of it is becoming more and more important, especially for us students. Raising the awareness of information security and learning how to use the Internet safely are the purpose of our class meeting, which will be held at 2:00 pm this Friday in our classroom. To begin with, we’ll be provided with some videos to learn about what security problems and threats are and how they do harm to us. In addition, the teacher will instruct us what measures we can take to protect our information security. Last but not least, all the students and teachers involved in the meeting can communicate with each other about their own thoughts. We would appreciate it very much if you can join in the meeting and express your idea after it.
Looking forward to your participation.
Yours,
Li Hua

【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生Jim写封邮件，告诉他有关近期要开展的“信息安全教育”主题班会的相关信息和安排，邀请他参加并在会后发表感想。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
安全：security→safety
参加：take part in→join in
目的：purpose→aim
对……有害：do harm to...→be harmful to ...
此外：in addition→besides
2. 句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：Our class is going to hold a class meeting recently, whose theme is “Information Security Education”.
拓展句：Our class is going to hold a class meeting recently with the theme of “Information Security Education”.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Raising the awareness of information security and learning how to use the Internet safely are the purpose of our class meeting, which will be held at 2:00pm this Friday in our classroom. （运用了动名词作主语；以how引导的宾语从句和以which 引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】To begin with, we’ll be provided with some videos to learn about what security problems and threats are and how they do harm to us. （运用了what和how引导的宾语从句）