湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2023-2024学年高二上学期入学考试英语试题

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2023-2024-1雅礼中学高二上入学考试英    语时量：120分钟                满分：150分命题人：高二英语备课组  审题人：胡业芳第一部分  听力（共两节，满分30分）略 第二部分  阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节  （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A4 Best Places to Travel in 20232023 is the year when travel returns in a big way. To get you started, we’ve rounded up some of the best places to travel in 2023. All you need to do is pick the place that appeals to you.CopenhagenWith its fantastic houses, clean streets and colorful architecture, Copenhagen is regarded as the most livable city on the earth. Named the World Capital of Architecture for 2023, Copenhagen will offer a series of major artistic events and programs sure to delight architects and design lovers.BhutanFor travelers with a sense of adventure and a love of discovery, Bhutan has always been a must-go destination. In 2023, travelers can once again explore the Trans Bhutan Trail, which runs 250 miles from east to west, offering visits to the century-old communities along the journey. The trail spans(横跨) 18 major bridges and national parks and connects more than 400 historic and cultural sites.BordeauxThe coming years will be sporty in the historical wine region of Bordeaux in France. In 2023, the city will host the Rugby World Cup, an intense and stressful game. Beyond sports, Bordeaux is one of the favorite historical cities, with more than 350 structures that are either nationally or regionally listed as historical monuments.NamibiaWildlife and adventure lovers looking for a unique path in African Safari trips should head straight to Namibia in 2023 — this country in southern Africa is the perfect place to travel to reconnect with nature and escape the modern stresses of life. On the wildlife front, you may see lions along with giraffes and elephants.21. What is Copenhagen well-known for? A. The natural landscape.  B. The adventure travel. C. Eye-catching architecture. D. Famous art designs.22. What can you visit on the Trans Bhutan Trail? A. Modern communities.  B. Old communities. C. Historical wine regions.  D. National monuments.23. Which place attracts those who want to be free from stressful city life? A. Copenhagen. B. Bhutan. C. Bordeaux.  D. NamibiaBDerek and Shirley walked out of the airport building and into the bright sunshine. Looking up at the brilliant blue sky and then at the faraway mountains rising above the swaying palm trees, they couldn’t wait to start their holiday.A taxi pulled up swiftly and silently, Derek dropped their suitcases into the boot and joined Shirley in the back seat. “Palm Trees Hotel, please,” Derek said excitedly. “Certainly, sir,” replied the driver, as he turned around with a flashing white smile. Derek and Shirley gave each other a puzzled look as the taxi eased smoothly into the traffic. “Excuse me, er, your face seems very familiar — in fact, you remind us of that famous film star, Rocky Overton... but of course, you can’t be.”Derek and Shirley sat in silent disbelief as the driver explained that he was not a real person, but a robot made to look like a famous actor. “Rocky” explained that the taxi company had purchased the latest model of robot drivers since they were programmed to be safer and more reliable than human drivers. “So, here I am,” “Rocky” continued, “your first robot taxi driver!”Derek and Shirley held each other’s hands more lightly. “Relax,” “Rocky” reassured them, “there is nothing for you to worry about. I can assure you that my driving skills are excellent. I’m equipped with perfect vision and superior reactions, and I know every street in the city. I am instantly updated with the latest traffic information so that I can avoid traffic jams and get you to your destination in the quickest and least stressful manner. Please sit back, relax and enjoy the journey.”Derek and Shirley, feeling a little better, leaned back in their seats and closed their eyes. “And another thing,” “Rocky” added, “my line of robots represents the ultimate(极致) in computer technology. I am beautifully designed, made from only the best materials and subject to the strictest quality checks. Therefore, you are entirely safe with me. Nothing could possibly go wrong... could possibly go wrong, wrong... go wrong...”24. Why did Derek and Shirley feel puzzled when they got into the taxi? A. Because the driver was a robot. B. Because the driver was Rocky Overton. C. Because the driver gave them a big smile. D. Because the driver looked like a famous actor.25. What do we know about the taxi driver “Rocky”? A. It has the perfect vision and superior reactions. B. It is the first robot taxi driver in the world. C. It is instantly updated with the latest news. D. It has never get stuck in traffic jams.26. What does the underlined word “reassured” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Threatened. B. Suggested. C. Surprised. D. Comforted.27. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Robot drivers are perfectly designed. B. Robot drivers are able to repeat the words. C. Robot drivers are not so reliable as expected. D. Robot drivers are not safer than human drivers.CCetaceans(鲸目动物) communicate through sound to find food and to interact socially. Their sounds vary between species and within communities. The long-finned pilot whales can mimic(模仿) artificial noise, but nobody had previously recorded them. A new study, however, found overlap in the cetacean sound book.Pilot whales and orcas(虎鲸), the two largest species of cetaceans, are often seen in the same environments and are similar sizes, and both live in social groups with strong union, says Charlotte Curé, a bioacoustics researcher at CEREMA Lab in France, who was not involved in the study. Orcas compete for food with long-finned pilot whales and are potentially their predators(捕食者).Evidence from orca stomachs shows they do occasionally eat pilot whales. But pilot whales can mob(成群围) and chase them away, the only cetaceans seen defending themselves from the strong enemies in this way.Mimicry could serve as an additional defense: “One assumption is that if they use similar sounds, they may not be recognized as prey,” Erbe says. Pilot whales eating orcas’ food remains might go unnoticed if they use orca-like calls. “This is all underwater,” she adds, “so these animals rely on sound for detecting their prey and predators.” Long-finned pilot whales have shown an ability to distinguish between orca calls with different meanings. Curé suggests that instead of tricking orcas, the callers could instead be presenting a new orca sound to other group members.Additional work would confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring. Researchers could pair their listening data with direct observations of the animals’ interactions in the wild or perhaps even play orca sounds and watch the whales’ reactions.But if a future experiment used predatory sounds, it would need to be done very carefully. “A reaction to a predator can be very strong.” Curé says. “In some protected areas, you are not allowed to do more than two predatory playbacks per year.”28. The pilot whales and orcas share a lot in common except that _____________. A. they communicate through sound B. they can defend themselves through mimicry C. they have a strong bond with other group members D. they are similar in size, living in the same environment29. What do we know from the fourth paragraph? A. The pilot whales mimic the sounds to detect their prey. B. The pilot whales only mimic one kind of the sounds of the orcas. C. The pilot whales can pretend to be orcas to share the food remains. D. The pilot whales can distinguish different meanings of orcas’ calls to trick them.30. How do the researchers confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring? A. By mimicking the sounds in the experiment. B. By observing the whales from the distance. C. By analyzing the data from the cetacean sound book. D. By listening or playing the sounds and watching the whales’ reactions.31. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Orcas: Predators in the Sea. B. Pilot Whales Copying Orca Calls C. Pilot Whales: Ways to Defend Themselves D. Pilot Whales and Orcas: Two Largest AnimalsDNearly 10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s disease. While Parkinson’s is incurable, some of its worst symptoms(症状) can be relieved and controlled using medications. A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible neuron loss(不可逆转的神经元丢失).But scientists might have just the thing to change the situation. And it involves a nose. In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nose”, a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson’s patients.It may come as a surprise to learn Parkinson’s patients have their own smells. But after a retired nurse in Scotland made headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband’s Parkinson’s diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that could smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.Over the years, scientists have found people with Parkinson’s tend to produce more sebum(皮脂) than the average person. This sebum mixes with other overproduced substances(物质) to produce certain, unique smells.To track down these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭) the upper backs of 31 Parkinson’s patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Using machine-learning software, they were able to identify three smell compounds(化合物) that healthy volunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nose on sebum taken from 12 Parkinson’s patients and 12 healthy people. The device was found to be about 71 percent accurate in telling healthy sebum from Parkinson’s sebum.These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson’s in the U.S. is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.32. What makes it difficult for Parkinson’s patients to get effective treatment? A. Its medications are in short supply. B. It involves irreversible neuron loss. C. Its early signs are not easy to notice. D. It’s not a curable disease medically.33. What did the Scottish nurse find? A. Her husband’s body gave off a strange smell. B. Her husband had a heightened sense of smell. C. A smell caused her husband to suffer from a disease. D. A smell could relieve her husband’s Parkinson’s symptoms.34. What will the researchers do concerning their invention? A. Put it into clinical use.  B. Conduct a broader test. C. Create more lab models.  D. Expand its market outside the U.S.35. What is the best title for the text? A. This e-nose can smell Parkinson’s B. Parkinson’s patients produce more sebum C. People living with Parkinson’s are on the rise D. Researchers have found treatment for Parkinson’s第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Strengthen Your WillpowerResearchers find willpower is like a muscle — it may get tired from overuse. So, if it acts like a muscle, can it also be strengthened? The answer is YES.          36         Ten minutes of reflection.Reflection will give you the faster results.          37          Researchers show that after just 2-3 days of practicing thinking for 10 minutes, your brain will be able to focus better, you will have more energy, and you will be less stressed.Work on your posture.Work on your posture for a 2-week period. Every time you catch yourself slouching(懒散的), correct it by sitting up straight. This simple practice can vastly improve your perseverance.Use your opposite hand.Select a chunk(块) of the day to use your opposite hand.          38          And from personal experience, if you aim for more than an hour, you will unnecessarily tire out your willpower muscle.Correct your speech.Change your natural speech.          39          Again, it takes willpower to consciously go against your instincts(本能). It doesn’t matter how you correct your speech, as long as you change natural speech habits. To get started, select a chunk of the day to practice and choose the words you will change. Personally, I tried not using contractions during work hours and it worked very well.Above are some effective ways to strengthen your perseverance(毅力). Do not try to do all at once.          40          You should start small and gradually build up as your muscles get stronger.A. You will be more mentally strong.B. Be more conscious of your automatic decisions.C. With the right practice willpower can be strengthened.D. It can make your brain focus and resist the urge to wander.E. It does not need to be more than an hour in order to get results.F. Training your willpower muscle is like training for a marathon.G. This even includes resisting the urge to say “hello” instead of “hey”. 第三部分  语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. The      41      is in Antarctica, and one of the key      42      is the ability to count penguins(企鹅).Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust      43      four postmen to live on the island from November to March. Apart from being a nearly 80-year-old British-owned post office, it doubles as a museum. Although employees each have unique      44     , they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the      45      place and caring for the thousands of tourists. The staff is also in      46      of environmental data collection and wildlife monitoring.Applicants are warned there’s not much time for      47      and rest. Still, the job is highly      48     . The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications      49      for the position. They are mainly      50      to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019-2020 season. It was a real      51      for her. “Even though the job can be hard at times, there’s a real sense of community. You’ve got to      52     , because you can’t get away from each other very easily. I really love that sort of      53     ,” she said. “And what you can achieve here is      54     . The total experience offers both a different attitude towards the world and a new      55      on your function on the planet.”41. A. centre  B. position  C. aim  D. unit42. A. requirements  B. characteristics  C. virtues  D. activities43. A. persuades  B. instructs  C. encourages  D. hires44. A. tastes  B. talents C. roles D. backgrounds45. A. temporary B. historic C. grand D. magical46. A. favor  B. need  C. case  D. charge47. A. sadness  B. happiness  C. relaxation D. busyness48. A. dangerous B. sought-after  C. hard-won  D. respectable49. A. annually  B. weekly C. monthly D. daily50. A. invited  B. devoted C. related D. attracted51. A. joy B. lesson  C. effort D. shock52. A. get along B. show off C. break through D. give in53. A. loneliness B. eagerness C. looseness D. togetherness54. A. pure B. limited C. rewarding D. potential 55. A. entrance B. answer C. viewpoint D. introduction第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water          56          (use) on coastal farms. As          57          result, farmers are          58          (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea.However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a          59          (mix) of sea and fresh water          60          (grow) healthy and tasty vegetables.He teamed up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm          61          eight irrigated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a computer program created water with eight levels of salinity(含盐度).The water levels and the levels of salinity were controlled by computerized measuring          62          (device) called “sensors”. Mr. Van Rijsselberg said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables          63          (be) smaller than those grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much          64          (good).He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water. Mr. Van Rijsselberg said four kinds of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan          65          thousands of hectares of land were damaged by salinization last year. 第四部分  写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66. 假如你将来要开一家餐馆或面包店，请你用英语简单描述。要点：1. 开店地点；2. 目标消费者；3. 经营方向及特色。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。                                                                                                                                                                                                  第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。When Jackie came to his first piano lesson in his mother’s car, he was already 11 years old. I preferred students begin at an earlier age, but owing to his insistence(坚持), I took him as a student. Much as Jackie tried, he lacked the sense of tone and basic rhythm(节奏). At the end of each lesson, he’d say, “My mom’s going to hear me play someday.” But it seemed hopeless. I only knew his mother from a distance as she waited in her aged car, but never stepped in.Then one day Jackie stopped coming to our lessons. I thought about calling him but assumed(认为), because of his lack of ability, that he had decided to quit. I also was glad that he stopped coming — he was a bad advertisement for my teaching!Several weeks later I mailed to the students’ homes a letter on the upcoming concert. Surprisingly, Jackie received it and asked me if he could be in the concert. I told him that the concert was not for dropouts, but for current pupils. He said that his mom had been sick and unable to take him to piano lessons but he was still practicing. I didn’t know what led me to agree eventually.The night for the concert came. The high school gym was packed with parents and friends. I put up Jackie last in the program. I thought that any damage he would do would come at the end of the program and the negative effect would reduce to the minimum(最小值).The concert went off smoothly. Then Jackie came up on stage. His clothes were wrinkled(皱巴巴的) and his hair looked messy. “Why didn’t his mother at least make him comb his hair for this special night?” I thought.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1:Unexpectedly, Jackie chase Mozart’s Concerto #2l in C Major.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Paragraph 2:Immediately I ran up on stage and held Jackie firmly in great joy, asking “How did you do it”?                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
2023-2024-1雅礼中学高二上入学考试（参考答案） 第一部分  听力  第二部分  阅读第一节  短文理解21—23   CBD   24—27   DADC28—31   BCDB   32—35   CABA第二节  七选五36—40   CDEGF第三部分  语言运用第一节  完形填空41—45   BADCB   46—50   DCBAD51—55   AADCC   第二节  语法填空56. used       57. a    58. gradually   59. mixture  60. to grow      61. into62. devices   63. were64. better   65. where 第四部分  写作第一节   I’ve always wanted to open a dessert parlor since I was little, because I have a sweet tooth, there’s nothing in the world I’d like more than to eat sweets every day. So you see, to run a small business like that would be a dream come true for me.If it’s possible, I would like to open my shop as soon as I graduate from college, and I prefer to do it in a foreign country, because I want to introduce traditional Chinese desserts to foreign friends. We know that Chinese cuisine is popular all around the globe, but not many people know about Chinese pastry and stuff, so I guess it would be a good opportunity for foreigners to get to know more about our desserts. And no offence, but in my personal opinion, they are way more palatable than those western deserts.And the decoration in my parlor must be full of Chinese flavor as well. The main color of the room would be Chinese red, which brings passion.第二节  Unexpectedly, Jackie chase Mozart’s Concerto #2l in C Major. Jackie pulled out the piano bench and began his performance. As a matter of fact, I was not fully prepared for what I heard next. His fingers were dancing on keys, which made me extremely shocked. Never had I heard Mozart’s music played so well by people of his age. After six and a half minutes, he ended up very well. Everyone at present was wild with great excitement and was on their feet, breaking into loud applause. Immediately I ran up on stage and held Jackie firmly in great joy, asking “How did you do it?” “Well, remember I told you my mum was sick?” He explained, tears rolling in his eyes, “Actually she had cancer and passed away this morning. And she was born deaf, so tonight was the first time that she ever heard me play in heaven. I just wanted to make it special.” After hearing his words, tears were welling up in my eyes. And at that moment, I realized it was he that taught me the true meaning of perseverance and love.