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【期中单元考点讲义】(仁爱版) 2023-2024学年九年级英语上册 Unit 2 Topic 2 考点讲义
展开Unit 2 Saving the earth
Topic 2 All these problems are very serious.
Unit 2 Topic 2 | 重点词汇 | 1.sandstorm n.沙暴 2.sand n. 沙 3.desert n. 沙漠 v.舍弃,遗弃 4.human being n. 人 5.although conj. 虽然,尽管,即使 6.reduce v. 减少,减轻 7.user n. 使用者;用户 8.rubbish n. 垃圾;废弃物 9.spit v. 吐,唾 10.wild adj. 野的,野生的 11.nobody pron. 没有人; 12.worst adj. 最差的,最糟的 13.rude adj. 无理的,粗鲁的 14.behavior n. 行为,举止 15.situation n. 状况;形势;局面 16.punish v. 处罚;惩罚 17.perhaps adv. 可能,大概 18.everybody pron. 人人,每个人 19.nowhere pron. 无处;哪里都不 20.oxygen n.氧气 21.hole n. 洞,坑 22.radiation n. 放射,放射物 22.directly adv.直接地 23.form v. (使)出现;(使)形成 n. 种类;形式 23.blanket n. 毛毯,毯子 24.escape v. 渗出;逃跑;逃脱 25.shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺 26.avoid v.防止,避免 27.resource n. 资源,财力 28.discover v. 发现,找到 29.thirsty adj. 缺水的;(口)渴的 30.nearly adv. 几乎,将近 | 1.completely adv.彻底地;完整地 →complete v. 完成 adj.完整的 2. none pron. 没有一个;毫无 →反义词:all pron. 全部,一切 3. untidy adj. 不整洁的,凌乱的 →反义词:tidy adj. 整洁的 4. rise v. 上升;起床;升起 →过去式:rose →过去分词:risen 5. law n. 法律,法令;定律 →lawyer n.律师 |
重点短语 | 1. change into 转换成,变成 2. the last few years 过去的几年 3. walk down 沿着……走 4. as a result 结果 5. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 6. blow sth. away 把……刮走 7. a large number of 许多,大量 8. come into being 产生,行程 9. the importance of ……的重要性 10. do something to do sth. 为做某事而做一些事情 11. here and there 在各处;到处 12. the condition of …… ……的条件/状况 13. be under control 在……控制下,得到控制 14. do something useful to… 做一些有用的事 15. none of 没有一个 16. leave sth. here and there 乱扔 17. in public 在公共场合 18. walk on 踩踏 19. care for 关心 20. write to 给某人写信 21. take away 拿走 22. ozone layer 臭氧层 23. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 24. the green house effect 温室效应 25. refer to 提及,涉及,有关 26. during the period 在这个期间 27. in many ways 在很多方面 28. as a result 结果 29. the level of ……的水平线 30. cause sb. to do sth. 使某人/某物做某事 41. seem to do 似乎…… 42. plenty of 许多,大量 43. take sth. away from …… 从……中把某物带走 44. solve the problem 解决问题 45. the shortage of ……的短缺 46. the way to do 做某事的方式 47. in this field 在这个领域中 48. day by day 日复一日 49. be covered with 被……覆盖 50. be short of ……短缺 | ||
重点句型 | 1. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知,没有人喜欢污染。 2. Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals. 人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。 3. Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away. 树木也能防风固土。 4. Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。 5. Some things we’ve done are very good for earth while some are not good. 我们所做的,有些对地球很好,而有些不利。 6. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。 7. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. 天一下雨或刮风,土就会被冲走或刮走。 | ||
语法 | 1. 不定代词定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。 2. 不定代词用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时,通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时,要放在其后。 |
【考点1】The wind outside is blowing strongly. 外边儿的风刮得好大。
【详解】形容风大用strongly,形容雨大用heavily.
【典例】
1. It’s cold today. The wind is blowing ________ (strong) and it’s raining _______ (heavy).
【参考答案】strongly; heavily
【考点2】While I was walking down the street,I couldn’t see anything. 当我走在大街上的时候,我什么也看不见。
【详解】(1)while 和 when 的区别
while从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词。从句通常要用进行时,如果主句和从句的动作是同时进行的动作或事情,那么主句也要用进行时。
when从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词。从句的时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
【拓展】while还可意为“而;然而”,表示两种情况的对比。
(2)walk down意为“沿着......走;散步”,相当于walk along.
【拓展】walk around意为“四处走走”
【典例】
1.He was listening to music _______ he was riding his bike.
2.I was waiting at the lights _______ I saw the boy fall off his bike.
3.I was walking in the street _______ I saw the accident happen.
4.The driver was talking on his mobile phone _______ he was driving.
【参考答案】①while ②when ③when ④while
【考点3】People have cut down too many trees. 人们砍伐了太多树了。
【详解】cut down意为“砍倒”,down为副词。其后的宾语如果是名词,可以放在cut和down中间,也可以放在down后面,但是如果是代词,必须放在两者中间。
【链接】cut常见短语:
① cut sb. sth. = cut sth. for sb. 为某人切某物
② cut sth. into pieces 把某物切成碎末
③ cut in 插嘴
④ cut off 切断;隔绝;隔断…
【典例】
1. —I heard that Paul hurt himself badly in the earthquake.
—Yes. The doctor had to ______ his right leg to save him.
A. cut up B. cut out C. cut off D. cut down
【参考答案】C
【考点4】As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert. 结果,很多肥沃的土地变成了沙漠。
【详解】(1)as a result意为“结果;因此”,单独使用,后面一般用逗号与句子隔开。
【拓展】as a result of...意为“因为......;由于......”,相当于because of。
(2)rich意为“有钱的;富裕的;油腻的;肥沃的”。
(3)change into...意为“变成......”
【拓展】change n. 零钱
【典例】
1. John was often late for work. ________ ________ ________, he lost his job.
约翰上班经常迟到,结果丢掉了工作。
2. The children want to change iron _____ gold. But it’s impossible.
A. to B. into C. in D. in to
【参考答案】1.As a result 2. B
【考点5】How can that affect the weather? 那会如何影响天气呢?
【详解】(1)affect(及物动词)影响;发生作用
【辨析】affect 与 effect 的区别:
affect是及物动词,主要指一时的影响,着重影响的动作,可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏),也可指不良影响;
effect是名词(可数或不可数),两者的关系大致为:affect=have an effect on。
注:effect 有时虽用作动词(及物),但不表示“影响”,而表示“实现”或“产生”等。
【典例】
1.We all know that smoking ______ health.
2.Computer games don't ______ adults a lot, but they have a great ______ on students.
【参考答案】 ① affect ②affect;effect
【考点6】Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 树能阻止风把土壤刮走。
【详解】(1)stop/prevent sb./sth. (from)doing sth. 意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”。
【拓展】keep... from doing ...也有“阻止......做某事”的意思,但是from不能省略;keep ...doing...的意思是“让......一直做某事”,省略from后意思改变了。
(2)blow away意为“吹走”。
(3)earth着重指与天空相对的“土地”,还泛指泥土;
soil主要指用于种植庄稼的“土壤”;
ground指大地表面。
【典例】
1. —Look the factory is pouring waste water into the river.
—That’s terrible ! Why not ___them from ____that?
A. prevent; to do B. stop; doing C. to keep; to D. to stop; to do
【参考答案】B
【考点7】People have cut down such a large number of trees that the land has changed into desert.人们砍伐了如此多的树以至土地变成了沙漠。
【详解】(1)such+形容词+名词+that意为“如此......以至于......”
e.g. Tom is such a clever boy that we all like him very much.
Tom是一个如此聪明的男孩以至于我们大家都非常喜欢他。
(2)a(large/great)number of 意为“许多,大量”,of后跟可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数。
e.g. A large number of people like reading books. 许多人喜欢读书。
plenty of意为“许多,大量”,后面既可以接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词。
e.g. plenty of houses/time 充裕的房子/时间
【拓展】 the number of... 意为“......的数量”,of 后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数。
e.g. The number of students is 56 in our class. 我们班的学生人数是56 人
【典例】
1. —Mom, need I buy some meat?
—No. We have ________ meat in the fridge.
A. a large number of B. many C. plenty of D. several
2. ______ of students in our school do volunteer work on weekends. _______ of them is about 200.
A. A number; The number
B. A number; A number
C. The number; A number
D. The number; The number
【参考答案】1.C 2.A
【考点8】But the government is doing something useful to protect the environment. 但是政府为了保护环境正在采取有效的措施。
【详解】(1)something useful形容词修饰不定代词时,要放在所修饰词的后面,作后置定语。
e.g. somewhere warm暖和的地方 nothing serious没什么严重的
【典例】
1. —Is there _____ in today’s newspaper?
—Yes. Germany beat Argentina 1-0 to make history of winning World Cup in America.
A. anything new B. new anything
C. something new D. new something
【参考答案】A
【考点9】None of us likes pollution. 我们没有人喜欢污染。
【详解】(1)none指三者或三者以上的“没有,都不”。既可指“人”,也可指“物”,常与of连用,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。
构成“none of+名词/代词”结构,当名词是不可数名词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数;当名词是复数时,谓语动词单复数均可。
e.g. None of those buses go(es) there. 没有一辆公交车去那。
None of the drink is good for you. 这些饮料对你都不好。
【拓展】若表示二者“都不”,应该用neither。
回答以how many/much引导的特殊疑问表示否定时用none;
回答以who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one。
【典例】
1. I asked three people the way to the hospital, but _____ of them could help me.
A. everybody B. nobody C. none D. anybody
2.—How clean and tidy your school is!
— Yes. _______ of us throw rubbish.
A. Nobody B. None C. No one D. Nothing
【参考答案】1.C 2.B
【考点10】That’s right. We should do everything we can do to protect the environment. 对。我们应尽一切努力保护环境。
【详解】(1)protect及物动词,意为“保护;防护”。其短语是:
protect...from/against...意为“保护......免受......”
e.g. We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。
【拓展】protect的名词为protection,它用作不可数名词,意为“保护;保卫”。
e.g. The hat will give the protection against the sun. 这顶帽子可遮阳。
(2)everything意为“每件事物,一切”,可以用于各种句式,everything作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。
(3)we can是定语从句修饰everything,省略了引导词that,省略了谓语动词do,完整的应该是that everything we can do.
【典例】
1. Wearing dark glasses can ______ your eyes ______ the sun.
佩戴太阳镜可以保护我们的眼睛免受阳光照射。
【参考答案】protect; from/against
【考点11】he heat from the sun can’t escape so the temperature is rising. 太阳的热量无法散发,所以温度在上升。
【详解】(1)from the sun介词短语作后置定语修饰the heat,意为“来自太阳的热量”。
(2)rise(动词)意为“升起,上涨,上升”。 e.g. The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
【拓展】raise(动词),意为“使升高,举起”。
e.g. Heavy rains raised the flood stage. 暴雨使洪水水位上涨。
【辨析】rise表示“某人/某物从低处上升到高处”
raise是指主语发出“抬、举”的动作,作用于其他事物上。
【典例】
1. If you need to go to the restroom in class, please _____ your hand.
A. raise B. rise C. shake D. wash
【参考答案】A
【考点12】While nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water,we are still short of drinking water.虽然地球将近四分之三被水覆盖,但是我们仍然缺少饮用水。
【详解】(1)nearly(副词),意为“几乎,将近”。
e.g. It took nearly two hours to get there. 花了近两个小时才到那里。
(2)be covered with意为“被......覆盖”。 e.g. The ground is covered with snow. 大地被雪覆盖了。
(3)be short of意为“......短缺”。
e.g. I am short of money this week. Can you lend me some?我这周缺钱了,你能借我一些吗?
【拓展】be short for意为“......的简称”。
e.g. The word “pub” is short for “public house”. pub这个词是public house的简称。
(4)drinking water意为“饮用水”
【拓展】drinker(可数名词),意为“酒徒,酒鬼” 。
【考点1】不定代词
【点拨】1. 定义:不指明替代任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。大多数不定代词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。
2. 各类不定代词:
| 可 数 | 不可数 |
许多 | many | much |
a lot of, lots of, plenty of | ||
一些 | some, any | |
a few | a little | |
几乎没有 | few | little |
| 每个 | 任何一个 | 全都 | 都不 | 另一个 |
指两个 | each | either | both | neither | (the) other |
两者以上 | each/every | any | all | none/no | another |
some, any, no和every都可以和one, body, thing连用,构成复合不定代词。
| some- | any- | no- | every- |
人 | someone | anyone | no one/none | everyone |
somebody | anybody | nobody | everybody | |
物 | something | anything | nothing | everything |
1)复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. Something is wrong with the computer.
2)形容词或else修饰不定代词时应该放在不定代词之后。
e.g. There is something delicious on the table.
3)some-/any-复合不定代词的用法与some/any用法基本一致。肯定句以及期待对方肯定回答的疑问句中通用some-;否定句和疑问句句通用any-。
e.g. Would you like something to eat?
I don't know anything about it.
I heard somebody singing in the classroom.
4)Each of / Neither of / Either of/ None of+名词复数+动词单数
5)we each后加谓语动词复数形式
图示区别
... ... one .... the other
... ... one .... another ....
... ... one .... the others ...
... ... some .... others ....
... ... some .... the others ....
(二)不定副词
some, any, no和every还可以与where连用,构成表示地点的副词,即
somewhere 某处,在某处
anywhere 在任何地方,无论何处
nowhere 无处,不知名的
everywhere 到处,处处 = here and there
注意:else放在不定副词后面。
【典例】
用复合不定代词或不定副词填空:
1. I can't hear anything = I can hear .
2. There is on the floor. Please pick it up.
3. Did go to play basketball with you?
4. I phoned you last night, but answered it.
5. Why don't you ask to help you?
6. Could I get to drink?
7. There's in the box. It's empty.
8. Maybe put my pencil away. I can't find it .
9. --- Do you have special to tell me today?
--- No, special.
10. --- Who is in still in your classroom?
--- (没有人).
【参考答案】
1.Nothing 2. Something 3. Anybody 4. Nobody 5. Someone 6. Something 7. Nothing
8. Someone; somewhere; anywhere 9. Anything; nothing 10. nobody
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