所属成套资源:新高考英语二轮复习题型专练 (含解析)
新高考英语二轮复习题型专练05 高频语法之并列句、状语从句、特殊结构与语法填空(含解析)
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这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练05 高频语法之并列句、状语从句、特殊结构与语法填空(含解析),共21页。
高考英语二轮复习题型专练(新高考)05
高频语法之并列句、状语从句、特殊结构与语法填空
【技法总结】
高频考点一 并列句与状语从句
【高考试题再现】
语法填空
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, because I want to.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
答案:1. than 2.but 3.so
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;
2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;
3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;
4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;
5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。
【重点知识提示】
一、并列句
并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点,考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。
1.and表示顺承以及并列关系,还可以用于固定句式:“祈使句+and+陈述句”。
2.but表示转折关系,不能与although和though连用。
3.so为表示因果关系的连词,一般前一句子多为后面句子存在的原因,so后面的句子为结果,so不能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。
4.or“或者”为表示选择关系的连词,or还可译为“否则”,可用于句型:“祈使句+or+陈述句”。
5.利用连词词组both ... and ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but also ...、either ... or ...、not ... but ...特殊搭配解题。
6.when/while用作并列连词
when和while可做并列连词。when表示“在那时,此时突然”;while表示“然而,而”,表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中:
...was/were doing ...when ...
……正在做……突然……
...was/were about to do ...when ...
……刚要做……突然……
...was/were on the point of doing ...when ...
……刚要做……突然……
...had just done ...when ...
……刚/一……就……
·The children were playing when they heard the sound of a motorbike.
孩子们正在玩耍,这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。
·He is strong while his brother is weak.
他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。
二、让步状语从句和时间状语从句
1.让步状语从句
(1)although、though、while引导的让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可与yet或still连用。
·Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管有规律的锻炼很重要,但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。
(2)though与as引导的让步状语从句
though引导的让步状语从句置于句首时,从句可倒装也可用正常语序;而as意为“尽管”时,引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构,即as引导的从句一般置于主句之前,从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。若是单数名词前置时,要省略冠词。
·Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子,他却帮了我很大的忙。(名词)
·Try as/though he might, he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力,他还是不能打开那个门。(动词)
(3)“疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句,意为“无论……”。
·However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力,如果不减少饭量,减肥很难。
(4)whether ... or ...引导的让步状语从句,意为“不论……还是……”,提供两种对比情况。
·We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们都要把这项工作做下去。
2.时间状语从句
(1)when指的是“某一具体时间”,可与延续性或非延续性动词连用,whenever“无论何时”;while“在……期间”,只与延续性动词连用;as表“一边……一边……”,强调主从句动作同时发生。
(2)before/since引导时间状语从句的用法
①before做连词:It will/won't be+一段时间+before ...意为“过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就……”。before还可以做介词,意为“在……以前”。
②since引导时间状语从句时表示“自从……以来”,从句一般表示动作的起点,用一般过去时;主句表示动作的延续情况,一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常用句型:It is/has been+一段时间+since ...。
·Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.
自从大学毕业以来,他一直在这座城市工作。
·It is five years since he lived here.
他在这儿住已有五年了。
(3)till, until, not ... until
①延续性动词(肯定式)+until/till表示动作延续到某一时间为止。
·We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河散步,一直到天黑。
②非延续性动词/延续性动词(否定式)+until/till表示“直到……才”。
·He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him.
直到我告诉他,他才知道这件事。
(4)其他用于引导时间状语从句的词或短语
①the moment、the minute、the instant、the second、directly、immediately、instantly等名词短语和副词可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。
·Directly I received his letter I went to see him.
我一收到他的信就去看他了。
②在hardly/scarcely ... when ...与no sooner ... than ...结构中,主句用过去完成时,than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
③every time、any time、the first time、by the time、each time等名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。
·Every time I express an opinion, she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时,她总是反驳。
三、地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1.地点状语从句
where与wherever可引导地点状语从句。
·Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
今天我们将从昨天停止的地方开始,因此就不会遗漏任何要点。
2.条件状语从句的常见引导词:if、unless(=if ... not)、so/as long as (只要)、on condition that (条件是)、only if (只有)、provided that (如果)、in case (万一,如果)、suppose/supposing that (假设,如果)、assuming that(假设)等。
·My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.
我的父母不在意我从事什么工作,只要我高兴就好。
3.在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表将来含义;现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况;一般过去时表过去将来的含义。
四、其他状语从句
1.原因状语从句
原因状语从句可由because、as、since、now that (in that)等词引导:
(1)because译为“因为”,表直接原因,语气较强,能回答由why提出的问句。
·The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上,因为他想挨着妻子坐。
(2)as (由于)、since (既然)、now that/in that (既然),表双方都知道的原因,语气较弱。as、since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。
·Now that you have done that, stop blaming yourself.
既然你已经做了,就不要自责了。
2.目的状语从句
(1)in order that引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与can、may、could、might等情态动词连用。
·In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了能看到日出,我们早早地出发去山顶。
(2)for fear that/in case
这两个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”。
·He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he (should) forget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘了。
3.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有:so that、so ... that、such ... that。其结构是:
(1)so+adj./adv.+that从句
so+adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数+that从句
so+many/much/little(少)/few+名词+that从句
(2)such+a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数+that从句
such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句
(3)主句+so that从句
·It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.=It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.=It was a cold day so that there was nobody in the street.
天气非常冷,街上一个人也没有。
4.方式状语从句
方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式,常由as (像……一样)、as if/though (似乎,好像)等引导。
(1)as引导方式状语从句,前面常可用just加强语气。
·I did just as the teacher did.
我就像老师做的那样做了。
(2)as if/as though引导方式状语从句时,常用虚拟语气。
·She spoke English so well as if she had been to America.
她英语说得非常好,就好像她去过美国似的。
高频考点二 特殊结构
【高考试题再现】
语法填空
1. (2017·天津高考)It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.
2. (2018·天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
答案:1. that 2. that
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
建议今后注意一下强调句型。 在未来考试中可能考查到。
其考查点有:(1)强调句型用于强调陈述句;(2)强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;(3)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;(4)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序;(5)强调句型用于强调not. . . until. . . 句型。
【重点知识提示】
一、祈使句、感叹句和省略句
1.祈使句
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略),有时也可用everybody、someone、anybody等不定代词。
祈使句的4种形式:
①动词原形(+宾语+其他成分);
②Be+表语,如Be honest.;
③Let's/Let us do/not do sth.;
④祈使句+and/or+简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。
2.感叹句
(1)what引导的感叹句
What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!
·What lovely children they are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊!
(2)how引导的感叹句
How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
How+主语+谓语!
·How interesting a story it is!=What an interesting story it is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!
3.省略句
省略是高考经常涉及的语法点,常考的几种省略情况如下:
(1)状语从句的省略:在when、while、if、as if、though、as、whether等连词引导的状语从句中,如果谓语有be,而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it,则从句的主语和be常常省略。
(2)不定式中的省略:在一定的上下文中为了避免重复,可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to,否定形式的省略用not to,但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(做助动词用),通常保留be或have。
(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略:当if从句中有had、should、were时,可以省去if,同时把had、should、were置于句首。
二、强调句
强调句是高考考查的难点,在理解强调句时,学生要注意以下6点:
1.被强调部分是人时,连接词that/who都可以;非人时,用that;
2.强调句的一般疑问句结构:Is/Was+it+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分?;
3.强调句的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分?;
·When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的?
4.含not ... until ...的强调句型:It is/was not until+...+that+其他部分;
5.把句子中的“It is/was ... that/who”去掉之后,句子依然成立,就是强调句,否则就不是强调句;
6.如果需要强调谓语,应用助动词do、does或did。
The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。
三、两种形式的倒装句
1.部分倒装
(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有:never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at no time、by no means、no longer、hardly/scarcely ... when ...、no sooner ... than ...、not only ... but also ...、not until、nowhere、neither ... nor ...等。
·Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.
直到我失业了,我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。
(2)“only+状语”置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。
·Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
只有当你能找到内心的平静,你才能和别人保持良好的关系。
(3)so/such ... that ...结构中的so、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。
·Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步,以至于受到了表扬。
(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。
·I saw the film The Great Wall last week, so did she.
我上周看了电影《长城》,她也看了。
2.完全倒装
here、there、now、then、out、in、up、down、away、on the wall、in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且句子主语为名词时,句子用全部倒装。
·The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点,许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。
【专题训练】
1
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While driving alone through the countryside, Linda saw an old woman by the side of the road, reaching out her hand. 1. was getting dark and raining. “I can t leave her out in this weather,” Linda said to herself, so she stopped the car.
“ Shall I offer you 2. lift?” Linda asked. The old woman nodded and climbed into the car. After a while Linda asked, “Have you waited for long?” The old woman shook her head. 3. (strange)enough, the old woman didn’t say a single word all the way. Her only 4. (respond) was always a nod of the head or something else like that.
Then Linda saw the lady’s hands, 5. were very large and covered with thick hair. She realized 6. the lady was a man! After 7. (stop) the car, Linda said, “can’t see that mirror. Would you mind cleaning it 8. me?” The lady nodded and opened the door. As soon as the “lady” was out of the car, Linda drove off quickly.
When Linda arrived home, she found that the old lady 9. (leave) a handbag on the backseat. She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it 10. two sharp knives.
【答案】
1. It
2. a
3. Strangely
4. response
5. which
6. that
7. stopping
8. for
9. had left
10. were
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Linda开车穿过乡下,让一位老妇人打车,发现老妇人是伪装的劫匪后机智甩开的故事。
1. 考查代词。设空处指代时间和天气,故填It。
2. 考查冠词。offer sb. a lift意为“让某人搭便车”。故答案为a。
3. 考查副词。设空处在句 中作状修饰整个句子,需用 strange的副词形式。故答案为strangely。
4. 考查名词。设空处由形容词性物主代词修饰在句 中作主语,需用respond的名词形式。故答案为response。
5. 考查关系词。设空处引导 非限制性定语从句修饰the lady's hands ,且在从句中作主语,故填 which。
6. 考查连接词。句意:她意识到这位女士是个男人!设空处引导宾语从句且从句意义及成分均完整, 故填引导词that。
7. 考查动词-ing形式作宾 语的用法。Linda与stop之间是逻 辑上的主谓关系,且设空处作After 的宾语,故填动名词stopping。
8. 考查介词。句意:你介意帮我擦一下吗?设空处意为“为”, 故填for。
9. 考查过去完成时。leave 表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作 found之前,是“过去的过去”,用过去完成时。故答案为had left。
10. 考查倒装与主谓一致。句意:里面有两把锋利的刀。Inside在句首这 是一个完全倒装句,主语是后面的two sharp knives ,谓语动词要用复数形式。故答案为were。
2
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was the spring of 1943 during World War Ⅱ. Standing among hundreds of new 11. (soldier)at Camp Grant, Sam, just 18 years old, waited as a truck slowly drove by. 12. full field pack was randomly thrown to each soldier.
Sam received13. (he) After he opened the pack and looked at the things in it, he was greatly14. (astonish). He found his last name, Litrenti, was marked on each thing in his pack. "How strange!" Sam thought. He didn' t think the one 15. threw the field pack to him knew who he was.
So why was Sam’s last name marked on the things? You may not believe it, but it was the field pack that his father 16. (use)during World War I .
Sam 17. (certain) didn’t know that when he received it. It wasn' t until after the war 18. he found out why.
After the war, he talked 19. that with his father. After 20. .(talk)for a while, Sam's father became sure that the pack once belonged to him.
Both the father and the son couldn't believe that ! What a coincidence!
【答案】
11. soldiers
12. A
13. his
14. astonished
15. who/that
16. used
17. certainly
18. that
19. about
20. talking
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了第二次世界大战期间,18岁的山姆意外巧合拿到了自己父亲的野战包的故事。
11. 考查名词的数。句意:18岁的山姆站在格兰特军营数百名新兵中间,等着一辆卡车缓缓驶过。soldier为可数名词,由hundreds of意为“成百上千的”修饰, 因此要用soldier的复数形式。故填soldiers。
12. 考查冠词。句意:一个完整的野战包被随机扔给每个士兵。pack为可数名词,此处用不定冠词a表示泛指。故填A。
13. 考查代词。句意:萨姆收到了他的。名词性物主代词his相当于his pack。故填his。
14. 考查词性转换。句意:当他打开包装,看到里面的东西,他非常惊讶。根据前面的was可知,此处要用形容词作表语,astonished表示“感到吃惊的”,修饰人。故填astonished。
15. 考查定语从句连接词。句意:他不认为向他扔野战背包的那个人知道他是谁。分析句子可知,本句为定语从句修饰先行词one,且先行词在从句中作主语,先行词是the one,指代人,故用关系代词who/that。
16. 考查动词时态。句意:你可能不相信,这是他父亲在第一次世界大战期间使用的野战背包。根据前后语境可知,此处表示过去的 事情,故用一般过去时。
17. 考查副词。句意:萨姆收到信的时候肯定不知道。修饰动词know需用副词形式。故填certainly。
18. 考查强调句。句意:直到战后他才发现原因。此处为强调句型“It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”。故填that。
19. 考查介词。句意:战后,他和他的父亲谈论了这件事。固定短语talk about sth.表示“谈论某事”。故填about。
20. 考查非谓语动词。句意:聊了一会儿,萨姆的父亲确信那包东西曾经属于他。after是介词,后面需接动名词形式。故填talking。
3
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A lot of films have tried to describe our memories of family members who have passed away. But few have done as21. (remark) as Coco, Disney-Pixar’s latest animation, 22. hit the big screen on Nov. 24 and won the Oscar in 2018.
23. (inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Day of the Dead, the film’s production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music. An accident takes him to the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has24. unforgettable and adventurous night.
It’s in this magical world25. Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. To protect him from 26. (disappear), Miguel has to bring his photo back to the living world as soon as possible.
While told with a wild imagination, the story 27. (convey) a clear and warm message. “In an era when young people are so easily attracted by 28. (celebrity), Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation ( 谄媚), teaching kids 29. (preserve) and respect the memory of their elders while reminding them that the source of true creativity is so often 30. (person),” wrote reporter Peter Debruge on Variety.
【答案】
21. remarkably
22. which
23. Inspired
24. an
25. that
26. disappearing
27. conveys
28. celebrities
29. to preserve
30. personal
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的动画巨作《寻梦环游记》的内容、场景以及所想传达给观众的意义。
21. 考查副词。句意:但是几乎没有几部电影能描写的像寻梦环游记这样引人注目。空格处单词处于as…as结构中,一般填形容词或副词的原级形式。由于空格处单词修饰动词done,所以应用副词形式。故填remarkably。
22. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:寻梦环游记是迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的最新的动画巨作,它在11月24日上映并且赢得了2018年奥斯卡奖。这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为Coco(指物),从句缺少主语,故填which。
23. 考查过去分词作状语。句意:受墨西哥亡灵节的启发,制作团队创作了一个名叫米格尔的小男孩。这句话谓语动词为created,所以空格处应填非谓语动词。这句话的主语the film’s production team与inspire之间是被动关系,故填过去分词Inspired.
24. 考查不定冠词。句意:在那儿的时候,米格尔度过了一个难忘的又充满危险的晚上。这里的一个晚上前边没有提到过,是泛指,且unforgettable是以元音音素开始的,故填an。
25. 考查强调句。句意:就是在这个有魔力的世界里,米格尔遇到了并发现了关于他祖爷爷的真相。这是一个强调句,强调句的基本结构是“It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)...”,这句话中强调的是地点状语,故填that。
26. 考查动名词作宾语。句意:为保护祖爷爷不消失,米格尔必须尽可能早的将他的照片带回有生命的世界。“protect…from…”意为“保护……免遭……”,其中from为介词,其后一般跟动名词或名词作宾语。disappear(消失)是动词,所以空格处填动名词形式,故填disappearing。
27. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意:尽管这个故事是以无边的想象的形式讲述的,但是这个故事传达了清晰而温暖的信息。这篇文章整体是以现在时为主的,所以这句话应使用一般现在时。the story是第三人称单数形式,所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填conveys。
28. 考查可数名词的复数形式。句意:在一个年轻人很容易被名流吸引的时代,寻梦环游记揭露了这种谄媚的空虚,一方面教给孩子珍藏并尊重关于老人的记忆,一方面让他们知道真正的想象力经常是很私人的。由于这题空格位于介词by后,空格后没有其他名词,所以空格处应填名词形式。“celebrity(名人)”是可数名词,且其前没有冠词之类的限定词,所以应用复数形式。故填celebrities。
29. 考查不定式做宾补。句意同上。“and”前后连接两个并列的成份,且只有两个不定式并列式才可以省去第二个不定式的to使用动词原形,所以空格处填t不定式。且“teach sb. to do sth.”是一个固定搭配,意为“教某人做某事”,故填to preserve。
30. 考查形容词。句意同上。空格处位于be动词后作表语,应用形容词形式。故填personal。
4
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Hong Kong-zhuhai-macao Bridge opened to the public on 23rd October 2018.It is the world's 31. (long)cross-sea bridge.It 32. (connect)Hong Kong and Macao to the mainland Chinese city of Zhuhai.
The bridge is 55 kilometres long and is expected to be in use for about one hundred 33. (year).The building of the bridge began in December 2009 and it took nine years 34. (complete).About 50,000 workers, engineers and designers from the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong and Macao played 35. part in the building of the bridge.
The Y-shaped bridge, 36. (start)from Lantau Island in Hong Kong and branching (分岔)out to Zhuhai and Macao, cuts the travel time between Hong Kong and Zhuhai to thirty minutes .
“It used to take more than four hours to go to Zhuhai on wheels, 37. now it is just half an hour's drive on the bridge "said a driver who 38. .(travel)between Hong Kong and Guangdong for years.
As a joint project between Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong, the bridge 39. (consider )to be an engineering wonder.
The bridge serves 40. a bond between Hong Kong, Macao and some Guangdong cities.It is a"symbol of the Greater Bay Area, "said a Hong Kong official.
【答案】
31. longest
32. connects
33. years
34. to complete
35. a
36. starting
37. but
38. has travelled
39. is considered
40. as
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍珠港澳大桥。
31. 考查最高级。句意:它是世界上最长的跨海大桥。根据the可知句子用形容词最高级,故填longest。
32. 考查一般现在时态和主谓一致。句意:它连接香港、澳门和中国大陆城市珠海。此处指一种客观事实,句子用一般现在时态,且主语是it,单数第三人称,故填connects。
33. 考查名词复数。句意:这座桥有55公里长,预计将使用100年左右。根据one hundred可知后面的名词用复数形式,故填years。
34. 考查动词不定式作主语。句意:大桥的建设始于2009年12月,历时9年完成。固定句式:It takes somebody some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”。此处it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,故填to complete。
35. 考查固定搭配。句意:来自中国大陆和香港、澳门的大约5万名工人、工程师和设计师参与了大桥的建设。固定搭配:play a part in“参与,起作用”。故填a。
36. 考查现在分词做定语。句意:这座Y形大桥从香港的大屿山出发,延伸到珠海和澳门,将香港和珠海之间的旅行时间缩短到30分钟。此处句子主语The Y-shaped bridge和start之间是主动关系,是现在分词作定语,故填starting。
37. 考查并列连词。句意:一位多年往返于香港和广东两地的司机表示:“过去,坐轮渡去珠海需要4个多小时,但现在只要半小时的车程。”此处前后是一种转折关系,故填but。
38. 考查现在完成时态。句意:一位多年往返于香港和广东两地的司机表示:“过去,坐轮渡去珠海需要4个多小时,但现在只要半小时的车程。”根据for years可知句子用现在完成时态,且主语是a driver,单数第三人称,故填has travelled。
39. 考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意:作为香港、澳门和广东之间的一个联合项目,大桥被认为是一个工程奇迹。这是一个客观事实,且句子主语the bridge 和谓语动词consider之间是被动关系,所以用一般现在时态的被动语态,故填is considered。
40. 考查固定搭配。句意:这座大桥是连接香港、澳门和一些广东城市的纽带。固定搭配:serve as“担任,充当”。故填as。
5
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What does a beautiful person look like? Well, it depends on whom you ask and 41. they are from.
Much like the way people with straight hair want 42. (curl) hair or those with pale skin lie in the sun trying to get a suntan (晒黑), people often find themselves more attractive when 43. (visit) another country.
Recently a post went popular on the US question website Quora. It asked, “Have you ever been considered more attractive in a country 44. than your own?”
Many replies made 45. clear just how much more attractive they were considered in other country, and why.
Lolyta from Indonesia wrote, “In my home country, I am not considered beautiful, 46. when I went to Europe I got a lot of attention.” Pooja Gautam from Nepal shared a similar experience. Women with lighter skin always got more attention than she 47. in her country. But in Poland, she has gotten 48. (usual) high levels of attention from locals. “Tanning salons (晒黑沙龙) are a big thing in Polish cities,” she wrote. “Some Polish people find it hard to believe 49. I tell them that many Nepalese people carry 50. (umbrella) on hot, sunny days to stop their skin from turning darker.”
【答案】
41. where
42. curly
43. visiting
44. other
45. it
46. but
47. did
48. unusually
49. when
50. umbrellas
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。最近,美国问答网站Quora上的一篇文章问道:“你在其他国家被认为比你自己的国家更有吸引力吗?”很多人的回答都很明确,他们在其他国家的吸引力有多大,以及为什么。
41. 考查宾语从句连接词。句意:嗯,这取决于你问谁,他们来自哪里。本句为宾语从句,且从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。
42. 考查形容词。句意:就像直发的人想要卷发,或者皮肤苍白的人躺在阳光下想要晒黑一样。hair为名词,要用形容词修饰,故用curly。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意:就像直发的人想要卷发,或者皮肤苍白的人躺在阳光下想要晒黑一样,人们在到另一个国家旅游时,往往会发现自己更有吸引力。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词,故visit做非谓语动词。与逻辑主语是people之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词visiting。
44. 考查固定短语。句意:它问道:“你在其他国家被认为比你自己的国家更有吸引力吗?”固定词组other than“不同于”。故填other。
45. 考查形式宾语。句意:许多回复都明确表示,他们在其他国家被认为更具吸引力。短语make it clear“讲清楚”,make后跟it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的从句。故填it。
46. 考查连词。句意:在我的祖国,我不被认为是美丽的,但当我去欧洲时,我得到了很多关注。根据语境前后是转折关系,故用but。
47. 考查动词的省略。句意:肤色较浅的女性总是比她的国家更受关注。为了避免重复got way more attention,用助动词do代替。且根据上文got可知应用一般过去时,故填did。
48. 考查副词。句意:但在波兰,她得到了当地人异乎寻常的高度关注。由前面的but可知前后两句是转折关系,又要修饰形容词故用副词形式unusually。
49. 考查状语从句连接词。句意:当我告诉他们许多尼泊尔人为了防止皮肤被晒黑而在晴朗的大热天撑伞时,一些波兰人觉得难以相信。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,故填when。
50. 考查名词的数。umbrella为名词,前面没有冠词修饰,故用复数形式umbrellas。
6
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My friend had a chance to make a trip to Hong Kong 51. August 15,2015. He had dreamed about 52. (visit) it since his boyhood and it was the first time that he 53. (be) there. The following was 54. he had seen.
55. (arrive) there, he was 56. (shock) by its beautiful scenery and tall buildings. 57. we all know, Hong Kong has the most skyscrapers in the world. Wherever he went, he saw many smiling faces. People in Hong Kong were kind, generous, easygoing and ready to help others. Much to his surprise, he saw that people there always kept order in public places. 58. a great number of people were waiting for the next train at the subway station, they were talking in such a low voice as not to disturb others.
Chinese and English are the official languages of Hong Kong. English is 59. (wide) used in governments, markets, service centers and other fields.
Staying there for a week was a good experience for him, 60. he would never forget.
【答案】
51. on
52. visiting
53. had been
54. what
55. Arriving
56. shocked
57. As
58. Though /Although
59. widely
60. which
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者朋友的香港之旅的所见所闻。
51. 考查介词。句意:2015年8月15日,我的朋友有机会去香港旅行。在某日前用介词on。故填on。
52. 考查非谓语动词。句意:他从小就梦想着去参观它,这是他第一次去那里。about是介词,后跟doing做宾语,故填visiting。
53. 考查动词时态。句意:他从小就梦想着去参观它,这是他第一次去那里。固定句型“It was the first time that 主语+过去完成时态+其他”。意思是“第几次做某事了”。故填had been。
54. 考查连接词。句意:下面是他所看到的。本句为表语从句,表语从句中缺少宾语,指事物,故填what。
55. 考查非谓语动词。句意:到了那里,他被那里美丽的景色和高楼大厦所震撼。是现在分词做时间状语,又是主动关系,位于句子开头,故填Arriving。
56. 考查形容词。根据上文he was可知应填形容词作表语,修饰人故用-ed结尾形容词。故填shocked。
57. 考查固定短语。句意:众所周知,香港拥有世界上最多的摩天大楼。固定短语as we all know“众所周知”。故填As。
58. 考查连接词。句意:尽管大量的人再等下一趟地铁,但是他们为了不干扰别人而是用低的声音谈话。本句为让步状语从句,表示“虽然;尽管”,故填Though /Although。
59. 考查副词。句意:英语被广泛地使用。根据句意可知表示“广泛地”故应填widely。
60. 考查定语从句连接词。句意:在那里呆一个星期对他来说是一次很好的经历,他永远不会忘记。前面整个句子是先行词,所以后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句,故填which。
7
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We’ve all turned to sad music to make us feel 61. (good)at some point in our lives, but why does doubling down on the sadness help drag us out of the mire(泥沼 )?
A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 62. we match our music to our feelings. It looks like sad music can be enjoyable -rather than 63. (simple) depressing- because it triggers positive memories that can help to lift our mood. Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says there 64. (be)two groups of possible65. (explain)for why we enjoy listening to sad music like this: one from social psychology, and one from cognitive neuroscience(认知神经学).
In terms of social psychology, one way of 66. (think) about this is that we feel much better about 67. (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison. Everything’s going to be okay, because this person 68. (have) an even worse day than you are.
Another theory from social psychology is that people like to listen 69. music that mirrors the tone of their current life circumstances -the songs act as 70. sort of tuning fork(音叉) for our own situations and they resonate(共鸣) with us.
【答案】
61. better
62. when/as
63. simply
64. are
65. explanations
66. thinking
67. ourselves
68. is having/has
69. to
70. a
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些,但是为什么更多的悲伤反而会让我们走出低谷呢?社会心理学有的派别认为是通过下行社会比较让我们感觉好一些,有的派别认为是那些悲伤的音乐让我们产生心理共鸣,所以感觉会好一些。
61. 考查形容词比较级。句意:我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些。空格处单词位于系动词feel后,应用形容词形式。根据句意“让我们感受更好受一些”,应使用形容词比较级形式。且空格处单词与第三段中的“feel much better”呼应,故填better。
62. 考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意:一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意,这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时,所以空格处连词可以填when/as。
63. 考查副词。句意:其结果显示:悲伤的音乐也能带来愉悦而不是简单地令人低落。空格处单词修饰形容词depressing,应用副词形式。故填simply。
64. 考查主谓一致。句意:关于我们为什么喜欢听悲伤的音乐有两派可能的解释。这里使用的是there be句型,be动词与其后主语保持一致。句中“two groups of”为复数意义,故be动词填are。
65. 考查名词的复数形式。句意同上。空格处单词位于形容词后介词前,应用名词形式。“explain(解释)”的名词形式为explanation,且为可数名词。这句话后列出了来自社会心理学与来自认知神经科学的两派解释,所以空格处名词用复数形式。故填explanations。
66. 考查动名词。句意:从社会心理学这一派来讲,有一种思路是:当我们把注意力集中在一个比我们过得还惨的人身上时,我们会觉得好受些。空格位于介词of后,且think about是动词词组,所以空格处填动名词形式。故填thinking。
67. 考查反身代词。句意同上。由于表语从句的从句部分主语we与about后的宾语指代的是同一类人,所以介词后宾语使用反身代词。we的反身代词为ourselves,故填ourselves。
68. 考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意:一切都会好起来的,因为这个人比你过得更惨。这是原因状语从句,前半句使用的是一般现在时,所以从句部分也使用一般时态。根据句意,从句部分使用一般现在时或现在进行时都可以,主语this person是第三人称单数,故填is having/has。
69. 考查介词。句意:另一个假说是人们喜欢听那些能反映自己现在生活境况基调的音乐,这些歌对于我们的境况来讲起到了类似音叉的作用,它们与我们产生了共鸣。“listen”是不及物动词,后边加名词时需要加介词to,故填to。
70. 考查冠词。句意同上。空格位于单数名词sort前,空格前为介词,所以空格处需要填冠词。“a sort of”意为“一种”,为固定搭配。故填a。
8
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
He's an old cobbler(修鞋匠 ) with a shop in a historic area in Paris. When I took him my shoes, he told me, "I haven't time. Take them to 71. other fellow on the main street."
Just looking at his bench 72. (load) with tools and pieces of leather, I knew the craftsman(手艺人) was rather73. (skill).“No,”I replied,“ the other fellow can’t do it well.”
“The fellow he mentioned is one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys without knowing much about mending shoes or making keys.”They work 74. (careless)and when they have finished sewing back a sandal strap (鞋带). you might as well just threw away the pair. The reason75. I wanted to have my shoes repaired in the shop is that the man works very carefully.
The man 76. (have)me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said “Come back tomorrow.”
I was about to leave77. he took a pair of soft leather78. (boot)off a shelf.
"See what I can do? "he said with pride. “Only three 79. us in Paris can do this kind of work.”
The cobber was something out of an ancient legend, this old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly, his very strange, dusty hat, his funny accent and, above all, his pride in his craft.
In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest80. (satisfy)from pride a job well done.
【答案】
71. the
72. loaded
73. skilled/skillful
74. carelessly
75. why
76. had
77. when
78. boots
79. of
80. satisfaction
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个老鞋匠几十年如一日兢兢业业地工作,让自己的补鞋的手艺变得非常好。旨在告诉我们做任何工作都应该努力认真。
71. 考查冠词。句意:把他们带到大街上的另一个人那里去。短语the other“另一个;其他”。故填the。
72. 考查非谓语动词。句意:只看他那堆满工具和皮件的长凳,我就知道这位工匠技艺高超。本句中load与逻辑主语bench构成被动关系应用过去分词,故填loaded。
73. 考查形容词。句意同上。根据上文was可知应填形容词作表语,故填skilled/skillful“熟练的;有技能的”。
74. 考查副词。句意:他们工作很粗心。work为动词需要副词修饰,故填carelessly。
75. 考查固定句式。句意:我想在这个店里修鞋的原因是这个人工作非常细心。固定句式the reason why…is that…“……的原因是……”,故填why。
76. 考查动词时态。句意:那个人让我用粉笔把我的名字写在一只鞋上。根据上文可知故事发生在过去,故应用一般过去时,故填had。
77. 考查固定句式。句意:我正要离开,他从架子上取下一双软皮靴。固定句式be about to…when…“正要做某事,突然……”。故填when。
78. 考查名词的数。句意同上。boot为可数名词,由a pair of修饰应填复数形式boots。
79. 考查介词。句意:在巴黎只有我们三个人能做这种工作。根据句意可知表示部分或全部的应用介词of。故填of。
80. 考查名词。句意:在这样一个时期,能找到一个鞋匠,把工作做得很好,并从中得到最大的满足,这是一种难得的安慰。根据上文greatest为形容词修饰名词可知填satisfaction。
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