第14讲 特殊句式和情景交际(课件)-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
展开1. 掌握倒装句的构成和用法2. 掌握强调句的构成和考点3. 掌握省略句的常考点4. 掌握感叹句5. 掌握there be句型6. 掌握情景交际常见考点
概念:句子的正常语序是主语在前,谓语在后。为了强调句子的某一成分或其他原因,谓语部分或全部提到主语的前面,这种语序叫做倒装。
知识点 一 倒装句
部分倒装:只把助动词、情态动词或联系动词等放到主语之前。
完全倒装:把谓语全部放在主语之前。。
N. 1 完全倒装
1. here, there, up, dwn, in, ut, ff, away等方位副词用于句首
Out rushed the students.学生们冲了出去。Dwn fell the apple.苹果掉了下来。Here cmes the bus.汽车来了。
2. 表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首,谓语动词常为不及物动词
Under the tree std tw tables and fur chairs.树下有两张桌子和四把椅子。On the tp f the hill stands a pine tree.山顶上有一棵松树。
3. 为平衡句子结构,将作表语的词(介词短语/形容词短语/过去分词/进行时态中的现在分词)提到句首
Present at the meeting were sme scientists frm China.一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。Buried in the sands was an ancient village.沙子中掩埋着一个古老的村子。
1.上述情况中,若主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。
2.主谓一致是易错点,谓语应当和后边的主语保持一致。
N. 2 部分倒装
(1)s/neither/nr置于句首时,用部分倒装结构。
a.“s+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物,意为“……也是如此”。—I've gt an enrmus amunt f wrk t d.我有大量的工作要做。—S have I.我也如此。
b.“neither/nr+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物,意为“……也不这样”。
I dn't like it, neither des Tm.我不喜欢它,汤姆也不喜欢它。
(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时。
此类词有nt, neither, never, hardly, seldm, nr, scarcely, barely, little, n, nwhere, nt nly, nt until, at n time, by n means, in n way, under n circumstances等。Nt a single sng did she sing yesterday.昨天她一首歌也没有唱。Never have I fund him s happy. 我从来没有觉得他这么高兴过。
(3)在s/such ... that ... 句型中,若s/such ... 提到句首时。
S fast des light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快,我们几乎没法想象它的速度。
(4)当“nly+状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时。
Only by this means is it pssible t explain it. (介词短语)只有用这种方法才能可能解释它。Only when the war was ver in 1918 was he able t get happily back t wrk. (从句)直到1918年战争结束后,他才得以满怀高兴地重返工作岗位。
(5)表语、状语或动词原形+as/thugh+主语+其他时,句子要倒装。
Much as I like it, I'll nt buy it. 尽管我很喜欢它,但我不会买。Pretty as she is, she is nt prud. 尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。Try as he wuld, he might fail again. 尽管他要尝试,但可能还会失败。
(6)hardly ... when ..., n sner ... than ..., nt nly ... (but) als ... 等结构中.
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began t cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。Nt nly des he knw French, but als he is expert at it.他不仅懂法语,而且也精通法语。
(7)在省略if的虚拟条件句中(当条件从句中有were,had,shuld时)。
Had yu reviewed yur lessns, yu might have passed the examinatin.要是早复习了功课,你有可能就通过考试了。Shuld it nt rain tmrrw, we wuld g fr a picnic.要是明天不下雨,我们就可以去野餐。
(8)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
May yu succeed!祝你成功!Lng live the Peple’s Republic f China! = May the Peple’s Republic f China (shuld) live lng. 中华人民共和国万岁!
概念: 强调就是通过某种手段使句子的某一部分显得更重要。
基本句式:It (强调人时可用that或wh,强调物时只用that)
陈述句式:It was in the park that he met Lily fr the first time.正是在那个公园他第一次遇到了lily。一般疑问句:Is/Was +it+ it Tm wh was t blame?正是汤姆应负责任吗?
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ is / was it+ that +句子的其余部分?
Wh was it that brke the windw?打破窗户的是谁?
When was it that he made up his mind t take this curse? 他什么时候决定选修这一课程的?:It is/was nt was nt until midnight that we gt hme because f traffic jams.因为交通阻塞,直到半夜我们才到家。
1.强调句型用于强调主语时,谓语动词与该主语在人称和数上保持一致。
2. 强调谓语动词时,在该动词前加助动词d, des或did。d有时态和人称、数的变化。He did cme t see yu last Sunday, but yu were ut.他上周日的确来看过你,但是你出去了。D be careful! 务必要小心!She des lve dancing! 她真的喜欢跳舞!
1.在when, while, whenever, till, if, unless, as if, thugh, than, as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
知识点 3 省略句
Wrk hard when (yu are) yung, r yu'll regret. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。While walking alng the street, I heard my name called.走在大街上时,我听见有人叫我的名字。
特殊的省略结构:常作为插入语来处理。
as sn as pssible 尽快; as befre/usual 像以前/寻常一样;if s 如果这样的话; if nt 若非如此;if ever 如果曾经有的话; if any 如果有的话;if pssible 如果可能的话; if necessary 如果有必要的话;If pssible,let me knw befrehand. 如有可能,事先通知我。Whenever (it is) pssible, he will cme t my help. 他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。
2.I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hpe, I guess等作答句,后面跟s与nt分别相当于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。
① —D yu think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗? —I hpe nt/that it will nt rain.我希望不要下。② —D yu believe ur team will win?你相信我们队会赢吗? —I guess s.我猜会赢。
3.不定式省略,即单独使用不定式符号t。
a. 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,通常保留be, have和have been,而把其余部分省略。—Are yu a student?—N, but I used t be (a cllege student).——你是大学生吗?——不,但我曾经是。
b.当主语部分含有动词d的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略t。
The nly thing yu have t d is press the buttn.你唯一要做的事情就是按按钮。c.不定式作介词but, except的宾语,前面有实义动词d的某种形式时,不定式常省略t。I had nthing t d but wait here.今天下午我除了在这等待无事可做。
d.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,后面的不定式符号t可省略,但表示对比关系时则不能省略。
I'm really puzzled what t think f and express.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。It is easier t make a plan than t carry it ut.制订计划比执行计划容易。
e.在see, watch, hear, feel, bserve, ntice, lk at, listen t等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加t,但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时,不定式要加上t。
She saw him walk int the huse. 她看到他走进了那座房子。He was seen t walk int the huse. 有人看到他走进了那座房子。He had tw bys wash his car. 他让两个男孩给他洗车。
f.yu'd better/why nt后跟不带t的不定式。
Why nt try it again?为什么不再试试?Yu'd better get up early when yu want t keep up with thers.当你想追赶他人时,你最好起得早些。
祈使句一般省略主语。(I)Wish yu were here. 如果你在这就好了(It)Dn’t give up.不要放弃。
1.what 引导的感叹句
知识点 4 感叹句
What+a/an+(adj.)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! What a gd heart yu have! 你的心肠真好! What+(adj.)+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语! What interesting stries he's tld us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
2.hw 引导的感叹句
Hw+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!Hw clever the by is!这个男孩多么聪明啊! Hw+adj.+a/an+单词名词+主语+谓语! Hw clever a by he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊!Hw+主语+谓语!Hw time flies! 光阴似箭!
There be 句型表示“某时间/空间存在/有……”。there本身没有词义,be动词后面的名词/代词是主语。be可以有不同的时态,可以和情态动词连用。There be结构中的动词be有时可用remain, stand, lie, g, exist, fllw, live, cme, ccur, happen t be, appear t be, seem t be , used t be等替换。
知识点 5 there be 句型
Once upn a time there lived an ld fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。There have been many great changes in ur cuntry since then.从那以后,我国发生了许多巨大的变化。
a.There be句型中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。
There is a flwer in the bttle.瓶中有一朵花。There are five bks n the desk.桌上有五本书。
b.若There be句型中主语为并列结构,be的数和人称遵循就近原则。
There is a by, a girl and tw wmen in the huse.房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。There are ten students and a teacher in the ffice.办公室里有十个学生和一个老师。
c. there be结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there t be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。I expect there t be n argument abut this.我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。I never dreamed f there being any gd chance fr me.我从没想过会有什么好机会。
there be句型的常考句型:
There is n pint/sense (in) ding sth.做某事没有意义There is n dubt that...毫无疑问……There is n need (fr sb.) t d sth.(某人)没有必要做某事There is (n) difficulty/truble in ding/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难There is (n) pssibility f (ding) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能
知识点 6 情景交际
Gd mrning/afternn/evening.Best wishes/regards t sb.=Give ne’s regards t sb.Please remember me d yu d?(初次见面)Hw are yu?(比较熟悉的人之间用语)Nice t meet yu.(初次见面)Nice meeting yu.(初次见面分手)
Gd bye/See yu/See yu later!S lng! Farewell!I’d like t say gdbye t everyne.I’m afraid I must be leaving/ff nw.I think it’s time fr us t leave nw.Gd night/Night!(仅限于晚上告别或上床睡觉时用)Have a nice day!仅限于白天告别时用
Nt at all. 不用谢。That's all right.不用谢。Yu're welcme. 不用谢。 It's really nthing. 没什么。 Dn't mentin it. 不用谢。
Srry.Excuse/Pardn me(fr...)Please frgive me fr...
That’s OK. /That’s all right./It's quite all right./Never mind.It desn’t matter (at all). Nt at all. It’s nthing. That's nthing.(没关系)Please dn’t wrry. It’s nthing t wrry abut. Nt t wr- ry.Dn't mentin it.That's kay. Dn't let it bther yu.没事,别想的太多了。We really didn't mean that at all.我们真的没有那样的意思。
Thanks. That wuld be nice/fine.That’s very kind f yu. He Thank yu fr yur help. He Yes,please. Here, take this/my...
N, thanks/thank yu. I can manage it myself. He Thank yu all the same. That's very kind f yu,but...
1.提出约会:Shall we meet at 4:30 Let's make it at 4:30.When/Where shall we meet? What time is cnvenient fr yu?I'd like t make an appintment 肯定回答:Yes, that's all right. Yes,I'll be free then. All right. See yu then.
3. 否定回答:N, I wn't be free then. But I'll be free... I’m afraid I have n time then.
Hell! May I speak Hell!Is Tm in?May/Culd I speak Is that... (speaking)? Hld n, please.Hell, wh is it/that?
(1)主问客:What wuld yu like (t have) Wuld yu like sme thing (t eat/drink)?Wuld yu like sme Hw abut sme (2)主请客:Help yurself t sme... Let me give yu... Make yurself at hme.
(3)答语:Id like... Cake/Tw eggs..., please.Yes, please. Just a little, please. Thank yu. I've had enugh. I'm full,thank yu. N,thanks.2.常用句型(1)找餐桌A table fr fur,please
(2)安排座位 Culd yu fllw me, please? Yu can sit where yu like.(3)询问就餐者是否准备点菜了Are yu ready t rder, sir? Can/May I take yur rder nw?(4)询问就餐者想吃什么D yu want anything t start with?/And what t fllw? Anything else? And any vegetables? Anything t drink?
That’s right.(那是对的)I can’t agree with yu mre.=I’m with yu n that.=I wuldn’t say n./All right=OK./By all means./Yu guess it.(你说对了!)
S what? 那又怎么样? Hw cme? 怎么会这样?What fr? 为什么啊? Why bther? 何必麻烦啊!Why nt? 为什么不啊! What if? 如果……怎么办?What’s up? 怎么了? Pardn? 请再重复一遍。Culd I take yur rder? 我能为您点餐吗?Is it as bad as that? 有那么糟糕吗?
(1)基本用语can yu tell me the way hw can I get me, where is the which is the way
(2)指路:G straight ahead till yu see... G dwn this street till yu get thrugh the gate and yu will find the entrance t... It's abut... yards/metres dwn this street.
I prefer tea t cffee. I'd prefer t g by train.I like English better/the best. My favurite subject is physics. I'd rather drink cffee than tea.Where wuld yu rather g,Lndn r Tky?
I intend/mean/plan t...(我打算……) I'm ready t...(我随时可以……)I wuld rather nt tell yu.(我真不想告诉你。)I wuld d it if I shuld have the chance(如果有机会,我一定会做。)If nly I culd see him.(如果我能看到他就好了。)
G ahead. 请继续、去吧 Hld n. 别挂断, 等一下My treat. 我请客 At yur service.我听您吩咐。With pleasure. 愿意为您效劳。 Lk ut. 小心Gt it! 明白了。 It’s up t yu. 听你的。 Take it easy./Take yur time.(尤指时间)放轻松,别着急。All depends!/That depends. 看情况。
Nt really. 完全不知道。 Nt exactly. 我略知一二,不是很了解。Sunds great! 听起来真棒! N kidding! 别开玩笑N wnder. 难怪 It desn’t hurt t ask. 问问也无妨。It cunts fr nthing. 这不算什么。 Make sense. 有意义,说得通。It’s nt my cup f tea. A piece f cake.小菜一碟。Tmrrw is anther day. 明天是崭新的一天。
Yu’ve gt me there.你可把我难住了。Yu bet. 当然。Drp it! 别说了,别提了。Believe it r nt.无论你相信与否。Be my guest. = Help yurself.请自便。
1.(2023年全国高三专题练习)It is the test system, rather than the teachers, _____ is t blame fr the students’ heavy burden nwadays.
考向 1 特殊句式
2.(2023年全国高三专题练习)We expect there __________(be) a lt f discussins abut the prblem.
3.(2023年全国高三专题练习)3.Thugh nt ________(knw) t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage.
4.(2023年河北衡水校考) It is fr these reasns ______ I am firmly cnvinced that this rule will prmte the learning atmsphere and ur teamwrk spirit.
1.(2023年新高考I卷听力Text 5) What are the speakers talking abut?A. Writing a bk. B. Hlding a celebratin. C. Buying a present.
考向 2 情景交际
2.(2023年天津南开中学模拟预测)— Why didn’t yu cme back last night? I waited lng.— ______ Yu were playing games the whle night.A.Dn’t trust t chance.B.Dn’t dream away yur time.C.Dn’t give me that.D.Dn’t beat arund the bush.
【答案】C【详解】考查情景交际。句意:—你昨晚为什么没回来?我等了很久。—别跟我来这套。你整晚都在玩游戏。A. Dn’t trust t chance.不要碰运气;B. Dn’t dream away yur time.不要虚度光阴;C. Dn’t give me that.别跟我来这一套;D. Dn’t beat arund the bush.不要拐弯抹角。根据“Yu were playing games the whle night.”可知,回答的人不相信询问者的话,此处表示“别跟我来这一套”。故选C。
3.(2023年广东高三统考学业考试)—What d yu think f the mvie?- I like it. I think ’s great B.it’s pssible C.it’s terrible D.it’s rdinary
【答案】C【详解】考查交际用语。句意:——我告诉过你!我真的是排名最低的。25名球员中的第25名。——抱乐观态度吧。你会越来越好的。A.Tell me a bit mre再多告诉我一些;B.I'm nt s sure abut that对此我不确定;C.Lk n the bright side!抱乐观态度;D.That is abslute nnsense!这完全是胡说八道。根据“Yu've gt nwhere t g but up. ”可知,此处是指抱乐观态度吧。你会越来越好的。故选C项。
1.( 2021年天津卷 ) I tld yu! I really am ranked the lwest. Number 25 ut f 25 players.________ Yu've gt nwhere t g but up.A.Tell me a bit mre. B.I'm nt s sure abut that.C.Lk n the bright side! D.That is abslute nnsense!
2.(2015年重庆卷)Bach died in 1750, but it was nt until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recgnized.A.whileB.thughC.thatD.after
【答案】C【解析】考查强调句。句意:巴赫死于1750年,但直到19世纪初期他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与nt until连用,It be nt until that …。故选C项。
3.(2018年天津卷)What was it ______ brught yu tw tgether? Was it yur lve f music?A.asB.whC.thatD.Which
【答案】C【详解】考查强调句式。句意:是什么让你们走到一起的?是因为你对音乐的热爱吗?。分析句子可知,本句为强调句式It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ wh(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。特殊疑问句的强调句型:疑问代词或疑问副词+ is/ was + it + that/ wh + 其他部分。故选C项。
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