高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀精练

17 Reading and Thinking

【核心词汇】

1.ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏

搭配：

fall into ruin 衰落，衰败

financial ruin 破产

2.shock

（1）n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克

搭配：in shock 震惊，吃惊

He’s still in a state of shock. 他至今还惊魂未定。

The news of his death came as a great shock to everyone. 他去世的消息让所有人都非常震惊。

She was taken to hospital suffering from shock. 她因休克被送到医院。

（2）vt.（使）震惊

搭配：It shocks sb. to see/hear... 看到/ 听到……使某人震惊。

It shocked them to hear that he had gone abroad.

听说他出国的消息，他们惊讶不已。

3.trap

（1）vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套（trap—trapped—trapped）

be/get trapped in 困在……中；陷入……中

trap sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事

They were trapped in the lift. 他们被困在电梯里。

By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth. 他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说出真相。

（2）n. 险境；陷阱

lay/set a trap（for sb.）（给某人）设下圈套

fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套

people caught in the unemployment trap 陷入失业困境中的人们

If you choose this way，you’re likely to fall into a trap. 如果你选择这条路，你可能会落入圈套。

4.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬

搭配：

bury one’s face/head in one’s hand’s 双手掩面/双手抱头

bury one’s feelings 隐藏感情，感情不外露

a deeply buried memory 深埋的记忆

5.breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸

搭配：

breathe in/out 吸气/呼气

breathe into 注入

breathe regularly 均匀呼吸

breathe hard 呼吸困难

breathe freely/easily 安下心来

breathe a sigh of relief 舒了一口气

6.suffer

（1）vt. 遭受；蒙受

pain/hardship 经历痛苦/ 困难

a defeat/a loss/damage/punishment 遭受失败/ 损失/ 损害/ 惩罚

She is suffering a lot of pain. 她遭受着巨大的痛苦。

The car suffered heavy damage in the accident.

这辆汽车在事故中遭到了严重破坏。

（2）vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦

a bad back 背疼 

a bad cold 患重感冒

ill health 身体不好

a headache/toothache 头痛/ 牙痛

How long have you been suffering from a headache? 你头痛有多久了？

【词语积累】

sufferer n. 患病者；受苦者；受难者 

suffering n. 苦难；痛苦；让人痛苦的事（常用复数）

【核心句型】

1．句型公式：as if ＝as though似乎；好像；仿佛，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句

(教材p.50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!

仿佛世界末日即将来临！

[佳句]　Some people, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it were the end of the world.

有些人一失去工作或失恋，就觉得好像到了世界末日似的。

2．句型公式：leave sb＋宾语补足语 “使某人处于……”

(教材p.50)Thousands of children were left without parents.

数以千计的孩子失去了父母。

[佳句]　His illness has left him very weak.

他的病使他很虚弱。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The lift suddenly broke down and I ______ (trap) inside.

2．The soldier died in the war and ______ (bury) in the cemetery.

3．The earthquakes left the whole cities in ______ (ruin)．

4．Hearing the news that the town was flooded, Tim was ______ shock.

5．He took a deep ______ (breathe), and began to climb the stairs.

6．Zhuge Liang is a man of great ______ (wise) in Chinese legend.

7．The signs of an economic ______ (revive) are only just beginning.

8．There was a girl in his class who suffered ______a serious back disease.

9．We must make efforts ______ (take) exercise for the benefit of our health.

10．Only one third of the students in our class ______ (be) girls.

【答案】1.was trapped　2.was buried　3.ruins　4.in

5．breath　6.wisdom　7.revival　8.from　9.to take　10.are

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．I was ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ last night.

我昨晚太兴奋了，睡不着觉。

2．______ ______ ______ the students in our class are interested in physics.

我们班三分之二的学生对物理感兴趣。

3．______ ______ ______, she receives a warm welcome.

无论走到哪里，她都受到了热烈欢迎。

4．He behaved as if ______ ______ ______.

他表现得好像什么事情都没发生过一样。

5．This question ______ ______ ______ ______.

这个问题容易回答。

【答案】1.too excited to fall asleep　2.Two thirds of  3．Everywhere she goes　4.nothing had happened

5．is easy to answer

微写作

地震之后，几乎所有的建筑物都严重受损(in ruins)。世界好像(as if)到了末日(come to an end)。然而人们对未来的希望并没有被毁(destroy)。无论朝哪里看，我们都能看到救援人员(rescue workers)工作的身影。他们救出了一些被困在(be trapped in)废墟中的人，并掩埋(bury)死者。他们有时太忙而喝不上(too…to…)一口水。

________________________________________________________________________

One possible version：

After the earthquake, nearly all the buildings were in ruins.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.However, people’s hope for the future wasn’t destroyed.Everywhere we looked, we could see rescue workers working.They saved some people who were trapped in the ruins, and buried the dead.Sometimes, they were too busy to drink water.

They were very great.

Ⅰ.七选五

Earthquakes can strike without warning.But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.

If you’re inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.__1__ Drop to the ground.Get under an object(物体)that is not easily damaged.Hold on to it until the shaking stops.You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your hand.If you’re in bed when the quake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow.

__2__ Don’t take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you.__3__

If you are trapped in ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing.Use your cell phone to call for help if possible.Don’t shout.__4__Tap(敲)on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.

Be prepared for aftershocks.__5__ However, sometimes they even happen months later.Therefore, if you are not in a safe position(位置) after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.

A．Don’t move about or kick up dust.

B．If you’re outside, go to an open space.

C．Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.

D．Don’t park your car under a tree or any tall object.

E．Take a good hold of your cell phone in the building.

F．They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.

G．Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在地震中防止死亡和受伤的一些安全知识。

1．G　根据空前句“If you’re inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.”可知，G项和上句有对应的关键词“people inside buildings try to go out”，而且G项(大多数的伤亡发生在大厦里的人们试图出去的时候)也能承接上句。

2．B　根据空后“Don’t take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings(不要在树下、街灯下、电线杆下或高楼下躲避)．”可知，B项(如果你在外面，你就要到一个开阔的地方)符合本段的意思。

3．D　因D项有与本段上文相同的句式结构(即Don’t…)，且D项(不要把车停在树下或任何一个高的物体之下)是补全主题的其他细节，也能承接上文。

4．C　根据空前句“Don’t shout.”可知，C项中相对应的关键词：shouting，且C项(大喊会使你吸入灰尘)正好承接上句。

5．F　根据本段的主题句“Be prepared for aftershocks.”和空后的描述可知，F项(余震在地震后的最初几个小时里就可能发生)正好说明主题的细节，而且和空后的句子构成转折关系。

Ⅱ.语法填空

Earthquakes can be destructive.Unfortunately, we don’t have a 1.______(rely) way to predict.But technologies can still help us under such a desperate situation.China is building the world’s largest earthquake alert system and it’s 2.______ (possible) the most advanced.Engineers 3.______ (set) up over 15,000 sensors(传感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web.4.______ an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control centre and then ordinary people’s smartphones.

The signal travels at almost light speed and faster than the earthquake shaking, 5.______(give) local people a little time to prepare, and the system can usually send messages to people in less than two seconds.It’s life-saving.The system, 6.______ can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world, not only detecting the 7.______ (move) of the continents but also calculating the possible impact 8.______ an earthquake.It will automatically warn local people, making 9.______ (it) much faster than human observation.The system, overseen by China’s Ministry of Emergency Management, is set 10.______ (complete) in 2022.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国正在建设世界上最大的地震预警系统。

1．reliable　考查形容词。句意：不幸的是，我们没有一个可靠的方法来预测。本空修饰名词way，故应用形容词reliable，意为“可靠的，可信赖的”。

2．possibly　考查副词。句意：它可能是最先进的。本空修饰形容词advanced，故应用副词possibly。

3．are setting　考查时态。句意：工程师们正在全国范围内安装超过15,000个传感器，并将它们连接到一个网络上。根据后面and并列的动词wiring及句意可知，本空应用现在进行时are setting。

4．When/If/Once/After　考查状语从句连接词。句意：当/如果/一旦/地震发生时(地震发生后)，传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲。根据句意可知，本空可填When/If/Once/After。

5．giving　考查现在分词。句意：该信号的传送速度几乎达到光速，比地震的震动速度还要快，给当地居民一点时间做准备。本空在句中作状语，且和主语“The signal”之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。

6．which　考查非限制性定语从句。本空引导限制性定语从句，修饰“The system”，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which。

7．movement/move　考查名词。句意：不仅可以探测大陆的运动。根据空前冠词the及空后介词of可知，本空应用名词形式movement或move。

8．of　考查介词。the possible impact 8.________ an earthquake意为“地震可能的影响”，故本空应填介词of。

9．itself　考查代词。句意：它会自动向当地人发出警告，比人类的观察速度快得多。making的逻辑主语为句子的主语it即the system，和本空人称一致，故本空应用反身代词itself作宾语，代替语境中的“预警系统本身”。

10．to be completed　考查不定式。句意：该系统由中国应急管理部监管，预计将于2022年完工。根据句中时间状语“in 2022”可知，这里用不定式的一般式表示将来要进行的动作，且句中主语“The system”与“complete”之间为被动关系，故本空应用不定式的被动结构to be completed。