高考英语二轮题海特训营8阅读理解推理判断四（含答案）

这是一份高考英语二轮题海特训营8阅读理解推理判断四（含答案），共11页。
阅读理解-推理判断四1、    The U.S. Department of Labor statistics (统计) show that there is an oversupply of college-trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing. Already there have been more than enough teachers, engineers, physicists, aerospace experts, and other specialists. Yet colleges and graduate schools continue every year to turn out highly trained people to compete for jobs that aren't there. The result is that graduates cannot enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college degree.
    On the other hand, there is a great need for skilled workers of all sorts: carpenters, electricians, mechanics, plumbers, TV repairmen. These people have more work than they can deal with, and their annual incomes are often higher than those of college graduates. The old gap that white-collar workers make a better living than blue-collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favors the skilled workmen.
    The reason for this situation is the traditional myth that college degree is a passport to a prosperous future. A large part of American society matches success in life equally with a college degree. Parents begin indoctrinating (灌输) their children with this myth before they are out of grade school. High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for college rather than for life. Under this pressure the kids fall in line. Whether they want to go to college or not doesn't matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go. And every year college enrollments (入学) go up and up, and more and more graduates are overeducated for the kinds of jobs available to them.
    One result of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college who do not belong there. Of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up.
1.It's implied but not stated in the passage that ________ .
A.many other countries are facing the same problem
B.white-collar workers in the US used to make more money than blue-collar workers
C.fewer students will prefer to go to college in the future
D.the law of supply and demand has a strong effect on American higher education
2.Which of the following is NOT a reason why college enrollments go up every year?
A.Many people believe that the only way to success is a college education.
B.Many parents want their children to go to college.
C.High school teachers urge their students to go to college.
D.Every young man and woman wants to go to college.
3.By saying that“many people go to college who do not belong there”, the author means that ________ .
A.many people who are not fit for college education go to college
B.many people who do not have enough money go to college
C.many people who go to college drop out within the first year
D.many people who go to college have their hopes destroyed
4.We can infer from the passage that the author believes that _______ .
A.every young man and woman should go to college
B.college education is a bad thing
C.people with a college education should receive higher pay
D.fewer people should go to college while more should be trained for skilled jobs 2、     American cities are similar to other cities around the world. In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.     After World War Ⅱ, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts(转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents(居民) became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs(郊区).     Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.     This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s , many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.     Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying . Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure: many dying cities are alive again.1.What does the author think of cities all over the world?A.They are alive.
B.They are hopeless.
C.They are similar
D.They are different.2.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ?A.Because older American cities were dying.
B.Because they were richer and needed more space.
C.Because they contained the worst parts of society.
D.Because they could hardly afford to live in the city.3.According to the 4th paragraph,a great many poor people in American cities            .A.are faced with housing problems
B.are forced to move to the suburbs
C.want to sell their buildings
D.need more money for daily expenses4.We can conclude from the test that                    .A.American cities are changing for the worse
B.people have different views on American cities
C.many people are now moving from American cities
D.the population is decreasing in older American cities 3、    Apple announced its new iPhones last week, but competitors’ mobile phones can do many of the same things for less money.    The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China’s Huawei and Oppo, and Korea’s Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less.    At one time, Chinese manufacturers copied features and designs from others to produce low-cost phones. But they have now added high-end features to their phones and they control nearly half the global mobile phone market.    Media MarktSaturn is Europe’s biggest electronics seller. A spokesperson for the store told Reuters that, “Huawei is seen as a relevant competitor to Apple and Samsung by covering all major price points and placing big investments in marketing and sales. ’’ She also said that the Chinese companies Huawei, ZTE, Lenovo and TCL were among the top-10 best-selling smart phones in its stores.    Chinese manufacturers’ fast growth has been fueled by strong sales in China. But they now export 40 percent of their smart phones. That is almost double the number from just three years ago, according to the Hong Kong investment company CLSA.    Huawei is currently the world’s third largest phone maker behind Samsung and Apple. According to research companyCanalys, the Chinese company is getting closer to second-place Apple and might overtake it later this year. Huawei plans to show its top-of-the-line Mate 10 phone on Oct. 16. The phone will have artificial intelligence features such as instant translation and image recognition and will cost less than $1,000.1.What is the text mainly about?
A.Smart phone’s manufacturers.
B.Apple smart phone’s features.
C.Asian phone makers’ fast growth.
D.Competition among Asian phone makers.
2.Which is NOT among the top 3 phone makers in the world?
A.TCL.
B.Samsung.
C.Apple.
D.Huawei.
3.What do we know from the text?
A.Huewei will have overtaken Apple by later 2017.
B.Chinese makers’ phones with high-end features cost less.
C.The top-10 smart phones are to enter the high-end competition.
D.40 percent of Asian smart phones are exported now.
4.What is the writer’s attitude towards Asian phone makers?
A.Doubtful.
B.Concerned.
C.Optimistic.
D.Uncertain. 4、    Operating the largest private foundation (私人基金会) in history, Bill and Melinda Gates make decisions that influence millions of lives. But they deal with problems very differently.
    For example, they agreed that too many children die needlessly from diarrhoea(腹泻). But when it came to how to prevent it, their opinions were different. While her husband read a lot about vaccines (疫苗) , Melinda Gates had been travelling and visited areas where poor people live in India.
   When she returned,she said,“I don’t know what it is, but there’s something in clean water and sanitation (公共卫生).” And Bill said,“ OK,Melinda, I don’t even have time to read in that space. Tell me what you know.
   That conversation led to a new focus on water and sanitation. Since 2006, they have given more than $US200 million toward those efforts.
   The foundation’s work is always a part of her family’s life,even on holiday. This year,over the spring break,they took their three children to the Amazon in Brazil. There,she spoke about the advantages of a service to allow people to send money by mobile phones, after seeing the success of such a program in Kenya.
   Melinda believed it’s a way to help her children “ know what goes on in their backyard,so they understand what it's like for kids who don’t have enough money to do what they do.”
   When asked what made her and her husband establish a foundation to help others, she pointed to her family background. Both she and her husband came from families who encouraged social services.
   Melinda has an MBA and degrees in computer science and business from Duke University. She met Bill Gates shortly after going to work at Microsoft. By the time they married in 1994,she had already persuaded him to become active in philanthropy(慈善事业).
   “We talked about how this wealth will go back to society before we got married,”she said. “ That seems like the right thing to do if you’re a rich person. ”
1.At the beginning, Bill Gates wanted to deal withdiarrhoea by__________. 
A.providing clean water
B.developing vaccines
C.offering clean food
D.improving sanitation
2.We can infer Melinda Gates brought her children to Brazil this year because__________.
A.she wanted her children to help sick kids in
B.razilB.her children wanted to enjoy the spring break abroad
C.she wanted her children to value what they have
D.her children hadn't visited Brazil before50
3.According to the text,Melinda Gates__________.
A.operates the foundation on her own
B.visited Kenya to help prevent diarrhoea
C.persuaded Bill Gates to practice philanthropy
D.donated $US200 million to help poor people in Brazil
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.A rich family that is always ready to help others
B.How rich people influence others’ lives
C.Children in poor areas need a hand
D.The largest private foundation 5、    Each country and culture has its own set of public holidays and festivals. While some of these holidays and festivals like Christmas and New Year are common across the world, there are many more holidays that are unknown outside of national borders.1. Blessed Rainy Day    Life in a country where it rains a lot can be hard. In Bhutan, Blessed Rainy Day is the holiday marking the end of the monsoon season(雨季). On this day,everyone is encouraged to enjoy a bath out of the house to wash away bad luck.2. Melon Day    Turkmenistan's Melon Day is a celebration of their national fruit. It takes place on the second Sunday in August. Thousands of mouth-watering melons were given away in the heat of the Turkmen capital Ashgabat on Sunday to celebrate Melon Day.3. “Punch Your Neighbor” Festival    The cities of Potosi and Macha in Bolivia hold the festival in the Bolivian Andes Mountains in May every year. It s celebrated by thousands of people and it’s based on the Quechua word “Tinku” that means “meeting”. The meaning of the word has become worse as it now is celebrated with beatings that can actually really hurt people.4. Haxey Hood    The Haxey Hood game in England has a big group of people trying to push a small leather tube towards one of the four pubs(酒馆) in town,where it will stay until the following year’s game. Once a person has the tube, he cannot run with it or throw it. He has to pass it on to people on his team. The game usually lasts a few hours.1.How do people celebrate Blessed Rainy Day?
A.By taking a shower in the bathroom.
B.By playing outdoors in the rain.
C.By throwing water on others.
D.By taking a bath outdoors.
2.Where would you go if you're interested in the festival in honor of a kind of fruit?
A.To Bhutan.
B.To Turkmenistan.
C.To Bolivia.
D.To England
3.What can we learn about the festival held in Potosi and Macha?
A.It is hated by most people in those two cities.
B.It is the most interesting festival in that country.
C.It can be dangerous for those who take part in it.
D.It is meant to encourage neighbors to love each other.
4.What should people do in the Haxey Hood game?
A.Run with a leather tube.
B.Push each other forward.
C.Try to win a drink at a pub.
D.Pass a leather tube towards a pub. 6、    There are many differences between British English and American English. I used to teach a course about the differences between the two. We speak English on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean but we have many differences in our common language. We have examples of the same words having very different meanings, different spellings of the same words as well as completely different words for the same things. Here are some examples.    A cookie in the US is called a biscuit in the UK. A biscuit in the US is a small cake in the UK. Crisps in the UK, are known as chips, but we British people eat a plate of chips that you call fries in the US. In the UK, a pie can be made from either meat or fruit, while in the US pies are normally made from fruit; pot pies are made from meat. Most things are measured in grams and kilograms in the US, not pounds and ounces.    One very obvious difference is the side of the road we each choose to drive on. Petrol in the UK is gas in the US. The place where we fill up our cars, in the UK, is a garage; while in the US, it's a gas station. The term garage is also used as a place to store your car next to or close by your house. In the UK we call a lorry what is known as a truck in the US. An elevator in the US is called a lift here, and the first floor in the US is called the ground floor here, so many visitors get off on the wrong floor in British hotels.    I could continue with this. There are countless examples of differences within our one shared language. With so many differences, no wonder it's hard to understand each other well.1.The passage is mainly about the differences between British English and American English in________.
A.spelling
B.grammar
C.sound
D.vocabulary
2.It's implied(暗示) in the passage that the author may be________.
A.a teacher from the UK
B.a cook from the US
C.a driver from the US
D.a gas station worker from the UK
3.In the author's opinion, ________.
A.language differences don't affect understanding
B.there will be fewer differences between American and British English in the future
C.the same words in the two different types of English may have different spellings
D.it is impossible that some Americans get off on the wrong floor in British hotels
4.What can we learn from the passage?
A."Elevator" is commonly used in the UK.
B.In the UK, things are measured in pounds and ounces.
C.Pies mean the same thing in the UK and the US.
D.British and American people drive on the same side of the road.   
答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.A; 4.D解析：1.本文通过调查分析告诉人们要改变传统观念应首先考虑选择技术工作的培训—因为它人才缺乏,待遇更高。
小题1:推断题。阅读全文可知A、C 原文没有提到,D 在原文已明确提到,再根据 The old gap that white-collar workers make a better living than blue collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favors the skilled workmen 可推知在人们的眼中,白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚钱多,故B 为正确选项。
2.细节题。根据Whether they want to go to college or not doesn’t matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go 可知上大学不是出于学生本意,而是出于父母及学校等方面的压力,可见D 不是大学入学人数增加的原因。
3.推断题。根据最后一段Of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up 可知作者列举了三种情况,说明有些人不适合大学教育,故选A。
4.推断题。阅读全文可知作者通过调查告诉人们大学教育人才过多,而技术工人又非常缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接着又分析了造成这种状况的传统观念;最后还谈到了很多上了大学却因种种原因无法完成学业,所有这些都在暗示人们上大学的人应该减少,而参加技术工作培训的人应该增多,故选D。 2答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句的内容可知,作者认为全世界的城市都非常相似。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容可知,二战后,城市居民变得更加富裕,养育了更多的孩子,他们需要更多的空间,所以想居住在郊区。
3.推理判断题。由第四段可知,无数穷人总是被迫离开他们的住所,以前他们没有钱搬到郊区,如今他们没有钱生活在城市中了,由此可知他们面临住房问题。
4.推理判断题。最后一段中提到,一些美国城市居民看到的是城市灿烂的未来,而其他人看到的仅仅是问题和冲突,由此可推测人们对美国城市的观点不同。 3答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.B; 4.C解析：1.苹果新机“预冷”,国产手机“争霸”, 亚洲手机制造商快速发展逼近苹果公司。主旨大意题。根据The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China’s Huawei and Oppo, and Korea’s Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less.新款iPhone 8 和 X 拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头。但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时,一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能。可以推断出本文主要讲述了亚洲手机制造商之间的竞争。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据Huawei is currently the world's third largest phone maker behind Samsung and Apple. According to research company Canalys, the Chinese company is getting closer to second-place Apple and might overtake it later this year.得知华为目前是全球第三大手机厂商,位居三星和苹果之后。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China’s Huawei and Oppo, and Korea’s Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less. 新款iPhone 8 和 X 拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头。但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时,一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据The Chinese company even made fun of Apple's new facial recognition feature with a Facebook video called "RealAIphone." Huawei plans to show its top-of-the-line Mate 10 phone on Oct. 16. The phone will have artificial intelligence features such as instant translation and image recognition and will cost less than $1,000. Other Chinese companies are looking to enter the high-end smartphone market.这家中国公司甚至在Facebook上发布了一则名为《RealAIphone》的视频,取笑苹果公司新的面部识别功能。华为计划在10月16日推出该公司顶级的Mate 10 手机。这款手机将具备人工智能功能,例如即时翻译和图像识别,售价可能低于1千美元。其它中国公司正在寻求进入高端智能手机市场。可以推断出作者对亚洲手机制造商很有信心,对亚洲手机发展前景乐观。A. Doubtful. 怀疑的; B. Concerned.担忧的;C. Optimistic. 乐观的; D. Uncertain. 不确定的。故选C。 4答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段的“they agreed that too many children die needlessly from diarrhoea... While her husband read a lot about vaccines” 可推测, 盖茨企图通过研发疫苗来对抗腹泻。
2.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段的 “Melinda believed it’s a way to help her children' know what goes on in their backyard,so they understand what it’s like for kids who don’t have enough money to do what they do. ’”可知,梅琳达认为让她的孩子看看经济匮乏的孩子们的生活可以让他们更加珍惜自己所拥有的。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“By the time they married in 1994, she had already persuaded him to become active in philanthropy” 可知 C 项正确。
4.标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段和最后一段可知,盖茨夫妇创办了有史以来最大的私人基金会帮助他人,因为他们认为这是富人应该做的。故A项最能体现本文主旨。 5答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段的“On this day,everyone is encouraged to enjoy a bath out of the house to wash away bad luck ”可知,节日当天人们会到户外洗澡。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Turkmenistan’s Melon Day is a celebration of their national fruit.”可知,土库曼斯坦的这个节日跟水果有关。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段的“...as it now is celebrated with beatings that can actually really hurt people." 可知,参与这个节日有一定的危险性。
4.推理判断题。根据末段的“…push a small leather tube towards one of the four pubs(酒馆) in town... He has to pass it on to people on his tcanx ”可知,众人会把皮管传递到一个酒馆。 6答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B解析：1.细节理解题。本文主要介绍了英式英语和美式英语在“词汇”上的差别。grammar 语法;sound 语音;spelling拼读。
2.推理判断题。由“I used to teach a course about the differences between the two.”可知,作者曾经教过一门两者(美、英式英语)的差别这门课程,所以推测他是“一名英国教师”。
3.细节理解题。由“We have examples of the same words having very different meanings,differing spellings of the same words as well as completely different words for the same things.”可知同一个词在两种英语中可能会有不同读音。A项,语言不同会影响理解交流;C项未提及;D项美国人很可能会走错楼层。
4.推理判断题。由“Most things are measured in grams and kilograms in the US,not pounds and ounces.”可知英国人使用磅和盎司做单位。