北京市部分区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末英语试题汇编：七选五+

这是一份北京市部分区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末英语试题汇编：七选五+，共13页。试卷主要包含了 E 36等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市部分区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编七选五北京市丰台区2021-2022学年上学期期末考试高三英语试卷第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）How Culture Affects CuisineIt probably happened to you: You ate this incredible dessert in Turkey, you tried this fantastic dish in Spain, and you brought the recipe back home —just to feel the disappointment that what you cooked at home didn't pass the taste test.It's likely that groceries have different qualities in different countries. In the case of the United States and Europe this has very little to do with soil or climate.35 ________Consumers in the U.S. have other preferences in groceries than most Europeans. It comes down to culture.Europeans often value quality more than quantity. Of course you will find out-of-season produce on the shelves of grocery stores as well. 36____________ Europeans especially are willing to give up short-term gain for a much greater long-term result.Take, for example, Italians produce dry-cured ham(干腌火腿) only during the waning moon that follows the full moon and it is practiced to this day. According to old farmer's lore, the meat could go bad, if it isn't cured by the moon.37___________However; Americans believe in progress and the benefits of technology. It becomes clear why following tradition doesn't have to be a strong value. Food for U.S. consumers is produced and shipped across the county. 38__________ The industrialization of food production results in new breeds of produce. The population growth calls for higher quantities. Farmers and growers are paid for the amount, not for the flavor.39_________ European cultures are rather regional, and this means food traditions have remained undamaged in fairly small areas. Within these regions and communities people often shop locally from regional producers. And they shop more frequently than Americans. Europeans often go to the local market daily whereas millions of shoppers in the U.S. purchase one or two weeks' supply of groceries in one single visit to the big box store.All these consumer choices, based on cultural behaviors, have had a lasting impact on how our food is grown and what it tastes like.A. Geography plays another role here.B. Refrigeration makes it possible to store foods longer.C. However, demand for better quality is greater in their countries.D. This great interest in culinary(烹饪的) tradition is a cultural feature.E. The main reason why produce tastes different here and there is choice.F. Food provides the world with one of the only ways to universally communicate.G. Often our culinary preferences have an effect on the vacation destinations we choose. 北京市海淀区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___35___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth. People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or "full of themselves". ___36___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem "sure of themselves". If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___37___ However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___38___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.  ___39___ It will take some work but your entire life—from your relationships to your body image to your work habits—will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result.A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.B. You have the power to shape a new self-perceptionC. This encourages you to speak openly without worry.D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakesE. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth.F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence.G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth. 北京市西城区2021-2022学年上学期期末考试高三英语试卷第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time.    35     Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever.    36    If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time.       37    Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness.  Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt.    38     So how? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.”    39    Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM—but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them.   The good news is that it isn’t lost. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance.  At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create.   Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness.  For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing.  You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself. Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking    loudly on the subway.   北京市房山区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题第二节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，共10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。What Is Good Citizenship?Good citizenship is generally defined as how a citizen performs a role to become a useful member of society. This involves duties and responsibilities that may be expressed through laws and regulations.    35     Citizenship, in its general sense, is being part of a community.    36     The factors toward improving lives and relationship of a community include doing volunteer work, initiating community programs, and participating in economic affairs. A good citizen is an important part of a progressive state. As covered by the social contract theory, a government is established to manage interaction among citizens, define an individual’s rights, enforce these rights, and make sure just compensation (补偿) is obtained when these rights are not obeyed.    37    The purpose of this social contract is to avoid chaos in a community, which is possible without good leadership. From this leadership arises good citizenship, allowing every citizen to expect others to respect for his or her legally demandable rights.    38     The most basic characteristic is the moral duty to recognize the rights of others. Another important characteristic is the ability to listen to the views of others. These views may bring about solutions to problems of the community. A good citizen is also willing to adapt to new situations.    39     Based on these factors, good citizenship is said to be related to both the intellectual and social skills of a citizen.A. There are many characteristics of good citizenship.B. Being a good citizen is important in improving the community. C. Apart from these characteristics, a good citizen knows and obeys the laws of the land.D. In turn, the citizens hand over to the government the powers that may limit some freedom.E. This may also involve your behaviors expressed through the recognition of right and wrong.F. As citizens, we care about others and being good members of our communities and our country.G. Good citizenship lies in the recognition that members of a community work together to improve their lives and their relationship with one another. 北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年上学期高三英语期末质量检测试题第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分, 共 10 分）根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli ( 刺 激 物 ). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology. Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U. S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. 35 _________  In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. 36____________ On  average, the results  were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were  correct approximately 60% of the time. Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might  provide  a  pause  from  dull  situations  in  the  workplace.  37_________   The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession. The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. 38__________ Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group. 39__________ Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group. Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing. A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers. B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources. C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people. E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers. F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds. G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.  答案：北京市丰台区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末统一检测英语试卷35. E 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文化是如何影响菜品烹饪的。【小题35】根据后文"Consumers in the U. S. have other preferences in groceries than most Europeans. (与大多数欧洲人相比，美国消费者对货品有其他偏好)”中的"preferences”可知，美国人和欧洲人的选择不同，即E项"The main reason why produce tastes different here and there is choice. (各地制作出的口味不同的主要原因在于选择)”所表达的含义。故选E。【小题36】C项“However, demand for better quality is greater in their countries. (然而，他们国家对更好质量的需求更大)”中的"better quality"与前文"Europeans often value quality more than quantity. (欧洲人通常重视质量而不是数量)"中的"quality"呼应。故选C。【小题37】根据前文"According to old farmer's lore, the meat could go bad, if it isn't cured by the moon. (根据这位老农的传说，如果不在月光下腌制，肉可能会变质)”可知，D项"This great interest in culinary (烹饪的) tradition is a cultural feature. (这种对烹饪传统的浓厚兴趣是一种文化特征)”中的"tradition"呼应了"lore", 同时呼应了后文中的“tradition”。故选D。【小题38】根据后文“The industrialization of food production results in new breeds of produce. (食品生产的工业化激发了新的产物)”可知，B项"Refrigeration makes it possible to store foods longer. (冷藏设备使得食物储存时间变长成为可能)"中的"Refrigeration"就是基于食品生产工业化的新产物。故选B。【小题39】后文"European cultures are rather regional(欧洲文化是相当地域性的)”中的“regional"呼应了A项"Geography plays another role here. (地理环境也起着作用)”中的"Geography", 说明地理也是一个影响因素。故选A。 北京市海淀区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题【解析】【分析】文章是一篇说明文，讲述了自尊的定义，拥有健康自尊的人们的特征和低自尊人群对自身的危害，最后对于如何正确提升自尊给出了建议。【35题详解】空格下文“ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled.”（有些人即使很能干、很有技能，也可能会发展出低自尊。）这个例子与空格前没有呼应，选项A“Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.”（然而，自尊并不总是根植于现实。）与这个例子存在论点和论据的关系，故选择A。【36题详解】这段第一句“People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. ”（有健康自尊的人不需要向别人吹嘘自己。）可见，整一段都在讲健康自尊的人们。再者空格后“They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. ”（他们不羞于分享想法，包括对他人的建设性批评。）可知，选项B的“People with a healthy level of self-esteem ”与整段的指代一致，故选择F。【37题详解】根据空格前“When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor.....Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help.”(当你停止消极的自我对话时，你就能敞开心扉......继续，直到它变得越来越少，也许甚至是在镜子里的几个尴尬的笑可能会有帮助。)可知，讲述改变低自尊状态的方法，与选项G"With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth."(通过一些练习和坚持，你会赢得这场内在的斗争，看到你的自我价值。),中的练习和坚持这些方法相对应，故选G。【38题详解】空格前“professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ”（做心理治疗的专业人员不会通过判断或给予纠正。）可知，这个现象与选项C中指代的this指代一致，专业人员不会判断或者纠正，所以这将鼓励你去放开说。故选择C.【39题详解】空格后“It will take some work but your entire life—from your relationships to your body image to your work habits”（这需要付出一些努力，但你的整个生活——从你的人际关系到你的身体形象，再到你的工作习惯），可知it 指代与选项B"You have the power to shape a new self-perception(你有能力塑造一种新的自我认知)相一致，可知新的自我认知需要一些努力，但会让你受益颇多。故选择B.【点睛】 北京市西城区2021-2022学年上学期期末考试高三英语试卷35. G  36. A   37. B  38. E  39. D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是仁爱冥想。【小题35】空格前说"Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we've had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time. (有时在我们的生活中，我们会遇到这样的问题：所爱的人和陌生人让我们烦恼。在家里，我们不得不忍受孩子们在网上会议时的尖叫，家人一直在电脑前)”, G选项"Outside, we've encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway. (在外面，我们遇到了在繁忙道路上超速行驶的司机和在地铁上大声说话的乘客)”中的"Outside"和前面的"At home"形成对比，“drivers"和"passengers"指的是前面的“strangers”, 因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。【小题36】空格前说"Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. (善良似乎是遥远的记忆。与烦人的室友或邻居和平相处的能力似乎比以往任何时候都要困难)", 空格后说"If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time. (如果我们把善良当作一种技能，让它成为日常练习，随着时间的推移，它会变得更容易)”可知，善良并没有消失，A选项"The good news is that it isn't lost. (好消息是它没有丢失)”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。【小题37】空格后说"Loving Kindness Meditation(默想)(LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. (仁爱冥想(LKM)的起源可以追溯到早期的佛教，它帮助我们在困难时期找到彼此的同情)”可知，这是一种古老的做法，B选项“Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance. (幸运的是，我们可以从古代的训练中寻求指导)"指出这是古老的方法，因此B选项引起下文，符合语境，故选B。【小题38】空格前"LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt. (默想可以帮助我们认识到我们所有人都是脆弱的，并且我们是被伤害过的)"和“imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, "May you be well, happy and at peace. "(想象一个最受喜爱的家庭成员或者朋友给你发送信息“你要身体健康，开心和平静”)"结合两处可知。因为脆弱，更希望体会到温暖。选项E中，that代词可以明确指代前文提到的“we are all weak and have been hurt. "这个原因，"we could all benefit from love's warm and comforting blessing. "我们所有人都可以更好的体会爱的温暖为下文如何做，做了铺垫。故选E。【小题39】空格后说"Replace the "I" with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. (把“我”的名字换成老师或教练，然后是家人或朋友，然后是熟人，最后是你生活中不友好的人)", 因此此处有一个顺序，即越来越不喜欢。D选项“Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. (然后，按照喜爱程度减少的顺序，将祝福传递给他人)”, 因此D选项承上启下，符合语境，故选D。 北京市房山区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题35-39 EGDAC【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者从社区层面和国家层面解释了什么是好的公民身份并例举了一些好的公民身份的特征。【小题35】根据上文"This involves duties and responsibilities that may be expressed through laws and regulations. (这涉及到通过法规所表达出的职责和义务。)"可知，本句主要讲公民身份的含义。而E选项"This may also involve your behaviors expressed through the recognition of right and wrong. (这也涉及通过公认的对错观而表达出来的你的行为举止。)”中“This may also involve”与前文"This involves"对应。故选E项。【小题36】根据下文"The factors toward improving lives and relationship of a community include doing volunteer work, initiating community programs, and participating in economic affairs. (关于改善提高社区的生活和关系的因素包括：做志愿工作，发起社区计划和参与经济事宜。)”可知，这里主要讲怎样提高改善社区生活和关系。而G选项"Good citizenship lies in the recognition that members ofa community work together to improve their lives and their relationship with one another. (好的公民身份在于认识到社区成员一起工作来改善他们相互间生活和关系。)"中" to improve their lives and their relationship with one another”与后文中"toward improving lives and relationship of a community"对应。故选G项。【小题37】根据上文"a government is established to manage interaction among citizens, define an individual's rights, enforce these rights, and make sure just compensation (补偿) is obtained when these rights are not obeyed(政府建立是为了管理市民面的互动交流，定义个人权利，执行这些权利并确保当这些权利不被遵守时将会获得补偿。)”可知，选项要说明公民的做法。而D选项"In turn, the citizens hand over to the government the powers that may limit some freedom. (反反过来，公民将可能限制某些自由的权力移交给政府。)these rights呼应powers。故选D项。【小题38】根据下文"The most basic characteristic is the moral duty to recognize the rights of others. (最基本的特点是认可别人权利的道德职责。)”可知，这句主要在讲公民身份的基本特征。所以A选项"There are many characteristics of good citizenship. (好的公民身份有很多特征。)"切合语境，前后"characteristic"对应，与后文有总分关系。故选A项。【小题39】根据上文"There are many characteristics of good citizenship(好的公民身份有很多特征。)"以及后文"The most basic characteristic"和"nother important characteristic "可知，前面都在讲公民身份的特征。而C选项"Apart from these characteristics, a good citizen knows and obeys the laws of the land. (除了这些特征，好的市民知道和遵守该地区的法律。)"中"part from these characteristics”由承上启下作用，切合语境。故选C项。 北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年上学期高三英语期末质量检测试题35. G 36. A 37. B 38. E   39. C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍几个实验，告诉我们幽默有助于缓解压力，促进社会关系。幽默不仅令人愉快，更重要的是，让人充满活力。【小题35】由上文"He even recorded various types of laughter. "(他甚至记录了各种笑声。)可知，此处描写了一个美国音响工程师记录了各种笑声，所以空处应该是描述记录各种笑声的结果，G选项"He found out a simple 'haha' communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information. ”(他发现一个简单的“哈哈”可以传达大量与社会相关的信息。)符合，承接上文，故选G。【小题36】由上文"In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. "(2016年在加州大学进行的一项研究中，记录了来自24个不同社会背景的成对说英语学生的笑声样本，并向听众播放。)和下文"On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people's guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time. ”(平均来说，结果是非常一致的：在世界范围内，人们的猜测大约有60%的正确率。)可知，空后是该实验的结果，空前是描述该实验内容，所以可以推断出，空处应该也是描述该实验，且是该实验的最后一步，A选项"Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers. "(参与者被问及每一对是朋友还是陌生人。)符合，故选A。【小题37】由上文"Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. "(另一项由澳大利亚国立大学研究人员进行的研究，这项研究基于这样一种假设，即幽默可能会为工作场所的枯燥情况提供一个暂停的机会。)可知，此处描述了实验前的假设，结合空后"The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter 'e' over two pages of text. "(研究人员首先要求学生划掉两页文本中字母"e”。)可知，空后开始描述实验步骤，所以可以推断出，空处是对空前内容进一步描写，B选项"This 'mental break' might facilitate the addition of mental resources. ”(这种“精神暂停”可能促进了精神资源的增加。)符合，其中"break"呼应上句中的"pause”, 都表示“暂停", 故选B。【小题38】由上文"The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. "(然后，学生们完成了一项需要坚持的任务，要求他们根据提供的个人资料猜测员工的潜在表现，他们并被告知连续做出10个正确的评估将会取得胜利。)可知，此处描述实验内容，结合下文"Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group. "(那些观看了憨豆先生视频的学生最终会花更多的时间在这项任务上，做出的猜测任务是另一组的两倍。)可知，此处描写实验结果，所以可以推断出，空处应该是承接上文，继续描写实验内容，E选项"However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers. "(然而，软件被设计成不可能得到10个正确答案。)符合，其中"10 correct answers"与上文"making 10 correct assessments in a row"相呼应，故选E。【小题39】根据下文"Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group. "(同样，那些观看幽默视频的参与者在这项无聊的任务上花费了更多的时间，并且相比于其他组的学生，他们完成了更多的问题，正确率也更高。)可知，此处是描述实验结果，所以可以推断出空处应该是描述实验内容，C选项"The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. "(然后，研究人员让参与者用手完成很多乘法题。)符合，其中"long multiplication questions by hand. "和下文中的"this boring task"相呼应，故选C。