河南省郑州市中原区郑州市基石中学2022-2023学年高三下学期开学英语试题（解析版）

这是一份河南省郑州市中原区郑州市基石中学2022-2023学年高三下学期开学英语试题（解析版），共19页。试卷主要包含了 Gd， D 5等内容，欢迎下载使用。
郑州市基石中学
2024届新高三开学摸底考试英语试卷
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 略
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
STEM Summer Programs for High School Students
STEM is a term that stands for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Here is a list of some of the best STEM summer camps for high school students.
Future Matters Program
It is an eight-week paid summer research experience for high school students. This is a hands-on program for worldwide students interested in going after a career in medical research. Students will attend seminars led by faculty and participate in discussions with peers.
Simons Summer Research
It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University. Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops, tours and events. They will conclude the program by producing a written research abstract and research poster.
Research Science Institute
It is the first cost-free program of its kind. During this seven-week program, students will dive deeper into the world of science and engineering by experiencing the entire research cycle. In this program, students attend classes conducted by famous professors and prepare oral presentations to present their research.
Program in Math for Young Scientists
This program is a six-week intensive mathematics program designed for students across the globe. Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study. Besides learning, there is also “mandatory (强制)fun time” built into the weekly schedule so that students are able to have non-math related activities.
1. Which program will be summarized with written material?
A. Future Matters Program. B. Simons Summer Research.
C. Research Science Institute. D. Program in Math for Young Scientists.
2. What do Simons Summer Research and Research Science Institute have in common?
A. Expense. B. Requirement. C. Duration. D. Content.
3. What’s special in Program in Math for Young Scientists?
A. Cultivating independent sill. B. Attending non-math activities.
C. Enrolling international students. D. Tailoring personal schedules.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一些适合高中生的STEM夏令营。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Simons Summer Research部分中“They will conclude the program by producing a written research abstract and research poster.(他们将通过制作书面研究摘要和研究海报来结束项目。)”可知，该项目需要用书面材料总结。故选B。
【2题详解】
理解理解题。根据Simons Summer Research部分中“It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University.(这是一个为期七周的项目，位于石溪大学。)”和Research Science Institute部分中“During this seven-week program(在这七周的课程中)”可知，这两个项目的共同点是时长都是7周。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Program in Math for Young Scientists部分中“Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study.(与普通课程不同的是，它为学生提供了很大的独立性，可以选择自己的时间表并决定他们想学什么)”可知，该项目的特殊之处在于它允许定制个人的时间表。故选D。
B
When I was 13, I climbed my first mountain--a fairly gentle 3,900-foot peak. I was overweight at the time and out of breath when I reached the summit. But I loved challenging myself. Soon I’d climbed nearly 100 peaks. My parents were happy I’d finally found a hobby.
I often go climbing with my friend Mel Olsen. She and I drove to tackle 11, 240-foot Mount Hood. It’s safer to start winter climbs at night when there’s less risk of the sun melting the snowpack. That day, we started at 3 a. m. At around9 a. m., we reached an ice step. It was about three or four feet tall and sloped al a 75-degree angle. 1 volunteered to go first. I placed my left foot on the ice step.
I gained a sense of the ice when 1 stuck my ax and crampons (鞋底钉) into it, and it felt good. Confident I was safe, I put my full weight on it. Suddenly, I heard a crack, and as the snowpack became thinner, a whole piece of ice broke off the step, right under my foot.
In an instant, I fell backward, bouncing off the rock face and rolling down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game. I remember thinking, This is it. You’re done. I stuck out my arms and legs, grabbing at anything. That stopped my rolling down the mountain, but I was still sliding, After 2 few seconds, I came to a stop on a shallow slope.
I asked myself: Where are you? Mount Hood. What’s the date? December 30. Good. My brain was functioning. Then I checked my body to see where I was hurt. For the most part, I was fine, except that I was suffering from a sharp pain in my left leg. Later I’d learn that I’d broken my femur (大腿骨) and that the bone was slicing into my skin and muscle.
At the bottom of Mount Hood, I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital. The doctors told me it would be a year before I could climb again, but I was back on the trails within six months.
4 Why did the author and her friend set out at 3 a. m. ?
A. It was the best time to enjoy scenery. B. It was more challenging to climb at night.
C. They wanted to finish the climb before sunset. D. They hoped to avoid some possible dangers.
5. Why is “a character in a video game” mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To show her strong character. B. To make her idea more convincing.
C. To help readers imagine the scene. D. To add to the humor of the description.
6. How did the author make sure she could still think clearly?
A. By recalling what had happened. B. By checking whether she was injured.
C. By calling an ambulance for rescue. D. By asking herself some factual questions.
7. What can we learn about the author?
A. She is too brave to pay attention to any danger.
B. R She has a strong desire for professional knowledge.
C. Setbacks can’t stop her from challenging herself.
D. The love for nature sets her apart from her friends.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者喜欢爬山，喜欢挑战自己，虽然在一次爬山中，出了意外，但是好了以后又重新踏上了登山之路，表明困难和挫折不能阻挡作者挑战自我的脚步。
【4题详解】
细节理解断题。根据第二段“It’s safer to start winter climbs at night when there’s less risk of the sun melting the snowpack. (在夜间开始冬季攀登比较安全，因为太阳融化积雪的风险较小。)”说明相比夜晚，白天爬山时，太阳融化积雪的风险较大，因此作者和朋友选择凌晨3点出发来回避可能的危险，故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In an instant, I fell backward, bouncing off the rock face and rolling down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game. (刹那间，我向后摔倒，从岩壁上弹回来，滚下了山，就好像我是电子游戏里的一个角色。)”，作者使用as if虚拟句式让读者结合自己的经验想象自己当时遭遇的危险状况，故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。第五段的两个问题“Where are you?”“What’s the date?”都属于事实类问题，作者用自问自答的方式确定自己的大脑在事故后的意识状况，故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。从第一段作者表明自己喜欢挑战，到最后一段“The doctors told me it would be a year before I could climb again, but I was back on the trails within six months. (医生告诉我，我需要一年的时间才能再次登山，但我在六个月内就重新踏上了登山之路。)”中可看出困难和挫折不能阻挡作者挑战自我的脚步，故选C。
C
Have you ever seen a car without a driver? It sounds crazy, but these computer-driven driverless cars will soon be filling roads near you. Tech companies around the world have been designing and testing driverless vehicles and the technology is available already.
So, how do they work? The cars are covered in sensors that can detect other cars and obstacles on the road. Sensors on the wheels also help when parking. Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems are used. Finally, a central computer system takes in all the information and processes this to work out when to accelerate, brake and steer. All you have to do is type in the destination.
Sounds like your idea of heaven? Sitting back, looking out of the windows and even watching a film while “driving” will all be possible with this new technology. In addition, computers are generally more efficient drivers than humans, meaning emissions can be reduced. They also drive more safely than people—they don’t get distracted by music or friends, they obey the speed limit and they have quicker reaction times in case of an emergency.
However, there are still many drawbacks of driverless cars. Computers will have difficulties making ethical (道德上的) decisions. If a child ran out into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn aside sharply and potentially hurt the car’s passengers instead? Moreover, I personally find driving fun. I’d miss never being behind the wheel myself. There would also be legal questions. Should children or drunk people, be allowed in a driverless car by themselves? Or would there need to be a responsible adult with a driving licence in the car at all times?
Although being driven around by a machine would perhaps mean that no one needs a driving license, many people would be put out of a job by the popularization of driverless cars. Bus, taxi and train drivers would be made unwanted.
I’m not convinced I’d want a driverless car, but it’s only a matter of time before they’ll become more affordable and commonplace on our roads.
8. What do you need to do when using a driverless car?
A. Control the sensors. B. Read the road signs carefully.
C. Check the satellite navigation systems. D. Put the address into the computer.
9. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us about driverless cars?
A. Their emissions. B. Their advantages.
C. Their testing process. D. Their reaction to an emergency.
10. How does the author analyze the shortcomings of driverless cars?
A. By making a comparison. B. By analyzing their harmful effects.
C. By raising some questions. D. By sharing personal experiences.
11. What does the author think of future driverless cars?
A. They will be less expensive. B. They will consume less energy.
C. They will do more harm than good. D. They will be more strictly controlled.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车的工作原理，优点以及存在的问题。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“All you have to do is type in the destination. (你所要做的就是输入目的地。)”可知，使用无人驾驶汽车需要输入目的地，故选D项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Sounds like your idea of heaven? Sitting back, looking out of the windows and even watching a film while “driving” will all be possible with this new technology. In addition, computers are generally more efficient drivers than humans, meaning emissions can be reduced. They also drive more safely than people—they don’t get distracted by music or friends, they obey the speed limit and they have quicker reaction times in case of an emergency. (听起来像你对天堂的想法？坐下来，看着窗外，甚至在“驾驶”时看电影都可以通过这项新技术实现。此外，计算机通常是比人类更有效率的驾驶员，这意味着可以减少排放。他们的驾驶也比人更安全——他们不会被音乐或朋友分心，他们遵守速度限制，并且在紧急情况下他们的反应时间更快。)”可知。本段主要讲述了自动驾驶汽车的优点，特别是它们比驾驶员更安全和更高效。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“If a child ran out into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn aside sharply and potentially hurt the car’s passengers instead? Moreover, I personally find driving fun. I’d miss never being behind the wheel myself. There would also be legal questions. Should children or drunk people, be allowed in a driverless car by themselves? Or would there need to be a responsible adult with a driving licence in the car at all times? (如果一个孩子跑到路上，计算机会选择撞到孩子还是急剧转向一边，反而可能伤害汽车的乘客？此外，我个人觉得驾驶很有趣。我会怀念自己从不开车。还会有法律问题。儿童或醉酒的人应该被允许自己乘坐无人驾驶汽车吗？还是需要有一个负责任的成年人在车内始终持有驾驶执照？)”可知，作者提出了一些问题，通过问题来分析无人驾驶汽车的缺点，故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m not convinced I’d want a driverless car, but it’s only a matter of time before they’ll become more affordable and commonplace on our roads. (我不确定我会想要一辆无人驾驶汽车，但它们在我们的道路上变得更加实惠和普遍只是时间问题。)”可知，作者似乎认为自动驾驶汽车会变得更加普及和更负担得起，而不受到个人意见的影响。故选A项。
D
The impact of the man-made climate crisis on Antarctica is scientifically undeniable: stable ice shelves are retreating, air temperature increased by 3 degrees Celsius. krill(磷虾)numbers are declining, melting ice is contributing to sea level rise, and polar bears and seals are getting displaced. “Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual.” Jasmine Rachael Lee, lead author of the University of Queensland study says.
Published in the journal PLOS Biology, the study finds population declines are likely for 65% of the continent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100. The most vulnerable(脆弱的)species is the Emperor penguins. In October 2022, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed Emperor penguins as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act(ESA), as experts predict the flightless seabird will see a 26% to 47% dip in its population by 2050. “This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible(不可逆转).” said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.
Aside from Emperor penguins, other Antarctic specialists, like the Adélie penguin and dry soil nematodes, were also highly vulnerable. We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic species. Global action and global voices to help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat to Antarctica is coming from outside of it. And then we need local actions to help protect biodiversity against local threats and give them the best chance of adapting to climate changes. This will help to save our iconic(代表性的)species like the Emperor penguins and all of Antarctica’s unique and highly adapted inhabitants. It will also help humankind, as we rely heavily on the priceless services the Antarctic provides in regulating our climate and capturing sea level in its ice sheets.
12. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. The impact of climate crisis is usually denied.
B. Conservation efforts are badly needed.
C. Air temperature on Antarctic increases 3℃ annually.
D. Sea level rise results in seabirds losing their habitats.
13. Why is the Emperor penguin mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A. To serve as a call to protect wildlife on Antarctic
B. To reflect the growing population of wild species.
C. To prove the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act.
D. To highlight the severe impact of rising temperature.
14. What is probably the best conservation policy?
A. Reducing the chances of making a trip to Antarctic.
B. Making joint efforts to relieve climate change.
C. Attempting to provide essential nutrients to the ecosystem.
D. Continuing to carry forward the Endangered Species Act.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plants and Wildlife on Antarctica Will Decline Quickly
B. Antarctic Species Are Vulnerable to Human Threats
C. More Action Should Be Taken to Protect Wildlife on Antarctica
D. The Best Conservation Strategy Will Be Carried Out Soon
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是研究发现，到2100年，南极洲65%的植物和野生动物将减少，现有的保护工作不足以保护南极生态系统，我们迫切需要结合全球行动，以最好地保护南极物种。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual.(如果我们继续照常营业，到本世纪末，南极生物多样性可能会大幅下降。)”可知，这样继续下去，南极的生物多样性会急剧下降，由此可推知， 保护工作是迫切需要的。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的““This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible(不可逆转).” said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.( “这一名单反映了日益严重的物种灭绝危机，凸显了ESA的重要性，以及在种群数量下降不可逆转之前保护物种的努力。”当时的服务主管玛莎·威廉姆斯说。)”可知， 气候变化正在对世界各地的物种产生深远影响，帝企鹅列人名单是一个行动号召，来保护南极洲野生动物。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic species. Global action and global voices to help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat to Antarctica is coming from outside of it.(我们迫切需要全球和地方保护行动相结合，以最好地保护南极物种。全球行动和全球声音帮助缓解气候变化——因为南极洲面临的最大威胁来自外部。)”可知，我们迫切需要结合全球和地方保护行动，这有助于缓解气候变化。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中的““Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual.” Jasmine Rachael Lee, lead author of the University of Queensland study says.(“如果我们继续一切照旧，到本世纪末，南极的生物多样性可能会大幅下降。”昆士兰大学这项研究的主要作者Jasmine Rachael Lee说。)”引出本文讲述的话题，根据第二段中的“Published in the journal PLOS Biology, the study finds population declines are likely for 65% of the continent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100.(这项发表在《公共科学图书馆生物学》杂志上的研究发现，到2100年，非洲大陆65%的植物和野生动物的数量可能会下降。)”可知，研究发现，到2100年, 南极洲65%的植物和野生动物将减少，结合下文中对这一研究发现以及对解决这一问题的迫切性的分析可知，本文主要讲述的事一项研究发现，要采取更多的行动来保护南极的野生物种，所以文本的题目为“应采取更多行动保护南极洲的野生动植物”与文章内容吻合，且概括了本文的主题。故选C项。
第二节(第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We often try to save money for a variety of different reasons. It might be to save up for a new computer or put money aside into a rainy-day fund. ____16____, but a recent study showed that over half of all 22~29-year-olds living in the UK have no savings at all. Did they max out on too many things, or are there other factors? And how can we become better savers?
First, put a stop to those impulse buys. ____17____, even if it is on sale or looks like a bargain. Impulse buys are done in the heat of the moment and without thought for what it’s costing you. Encouraging yourself to question your purchase before you buy allows you to process what you are doing.
____18____. Withdraw cash before you go to a restaurant or shopping and set a fixed budget you must stick to. Also, any change that comes from your transactions when you’re using cash can be put in jar and deposited into your account.
Finally, be disciplined. ____19____. It’s about sticking to it, too. You shouldn’t be dipping into your savings every time you feel like it. Setting up a standing order from your current account into your savings the moment you receive your salary will ensure you keep up the habit. ____20____.
Just as the old saying goes: “A penny saved is a penny earned.” These are some of the actions we can take to help us all become better savers.
A. Learning how to save is important
B. Ask about discounts and pay in cash
C. It’s not just about creating that budget
D. Sometimes, saving money can be difficult
E. Another way is to use cash rather than card
F. Ask yourself if you really need to buy something
G. Successful savers stick to their plans and watch the money pile up
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. E 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了储蓄的重要性以及如何成为更好的储蓄者。
【16题详解】
根据后文“but a recent study showed that over half of all 22~29-year-olds living in the UK have no savings at all. Did they max out on too many things, or are there other factors? And how can we become better savers?( 但最近的一项研究表明，超过一半的22至29岁的英国人根本没有储蓄。是他们在太多事情上达到了极限，还是有其他因素？我们怎样才能成为更好的储蓄者？)”可知，后文but表示转折，提到超过一半的22至29岁的英国人根本没有储蓄以及如何成为更好的储蓄者，由此推知，空处提出储蓄很重要。故A选项“学会如何存钱很重要”符合语境，故选A。
【17题详解】
根据上文“First, put a stop to those impulse buys.(首先，停止冲动购买)”以及后文“even if it is on sale or looks like a bargain. Impulse buys are done in the heat of the moment and without thought for what it’s costing you. Encouraging yourself to question your purchase before you buy allows you to process what you are doing.(即使它正在打折或看起来很便宜。冲动购物是在一时冲动下完成的，没有考虑到你会付出什么代价。鼓励自己在购买之前质疑自己的购买行为，可以让你对自己正在做的事情进行处理)”可知，本段的主旨是停止冲动购买，后文提到了“即使它正在打折或看起来很便宜”，说明要思考自己是否真正需要买东西，而不是在意价格，故F选项“问自己是否真的需要买东西”符合语境，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Withdraw cash before you go to a restaurant or shopping and set a fixed budget you must stick to. Also, any change that comes from your transactions when you’re using cash can be put in jar and deposited into your account.(在你去餐馆或购物之前提取现金，并设定一个你必须坚持的固定预算。此外，当你使用现金时，交易产生的任何变化都可以放在罐子里存入你的账户)”可知，本段的主旨是使用现金来多储蓄。故E选项“另一种方法是用现金而不是信用卡”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Finally, be disciplined.(最后，要自律)”以及后文“It’s about sticking to it, too. You shouldn’t be dipping into your savings every time you feel like it. Setting up a standing order from your current account into your savings the moment you receive your salary will ensure you keep up the habit.(这也是关于坚持的问题。你不应该每次想要的时候就动用你的存款。在你拿到工资的那一刻，从你的活期账户中建立一个定期存款账户，这样可以确保你保持这个习惯)”可知，后文提到了自律也是坚持的问题，说明储蓄不仅仅是创建预算，而是要执行并且坚持。故C选项“这不仅仅是关于创建预算”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Setting up a standing order from your current account into your savings the moment you receive your salary will ensure you keep up the habit.(在你拿到工资那一刻，从你的活期账户中建立一个定期存款账户，这样可以确保你保持这个习惯)”可知，上文提到了坚持储蓄的习惯，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这么做的感受：坚持他们的计划，看着钱越积越多。故G选项“成功的储蓄者坚持他们的计划，看着钱越积越多”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分　语言知识运用(共二节，满分30分)
第一节　完形填空(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In all one’s lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. But it is ____21____ oneself that one has the least understanding of. When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your ____22____. When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself and be a realist-aware of both one’s ____23____ and weaknesses. You may ____24____ hopefully to the future but be sure not to ____25____ too much, for ideals can never be fully realized. You may be ____26____ to meet challenges but it should be clear to you ____27____ to direct your efforts. That’s to say, so long as you have a perfect ____28____ of yourself, there won’t be difficulties you can’t overcome.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself needs self-appreciation. Whether you think you are a towering tree or a blade of grass, a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature that has its own reason of ____29____. If you earnestly admire yourself you’ll have a real sense of self-appreciation, which will give you confidence. ____30____ you gain full confidence in yourself, you’ll be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when it’s needed. In time of anger, do yourself a favor by giving an outlet to it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames; in time of sadness, do yourself a favor by ____31____ it with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking some stimulant. Show yourself loving concern about your health and daily life. ____32____ you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor, you won’t be confident and ready enough to ____33____ the attack of illness. As you are aware, what a person physically has is but a human body that’s vulnerable when ____34____ to the elements. So if you fall ill, it’s up to you to take a good care of yourself.
In a word, to get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full ____35____ of one’s life. Then one will find one’s life full of color and flavor.
21. A. permanently B. previously C. precisely D. perfectly
22. A. reach B. budget C. development D. brain
23. A. shortages B. disadvantages C. strengths D. limitations
24. A. look up B. look back C. look forward D. look down
25. A. expect B. analyze C. inspect D. dream
26. A. honest B. comprehensive C. courageous D. delicate
27. A. what B. which C. how D. where
28. A. image B. knowledge C. system D. memory
29. A. attack B. criticism C. popularity D. existence
30. A. As much as B. As soon as C. As far as D. As well as
31. A. quarreling B. arguing C. sharing D. blaming
32. A. Unless B. Once C. Since D. If
33. A. recall B. restore C. restart D. resist
34. A. exchanged B. exposed C. experienced D. exported
35. A. mark B. control C. account D. recovery
【答案】21 C 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章告诉我们，不要妄自菲薄，也不用高估自己，要学会真正了解自己，自我肯定，学会排解情绪，掌控生活。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但人最不了解的恰恰是自己。A. permanently永久地；B. previously先前地；C. precisely恰好、精确地；D. perfectly完美地。根据上文的but和下文“one has the least understanding of(一个人最不了解)”可知，此处是指人最不理解“恰恰”是自己。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎你想要的一切都触手可及。A. reach能及的范围；B. budget预算；C. development发展；D. brain大脑。分析句意再根据within可知，此处用within reach表示“伸手可及”。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：彻悟自己，就是要正确认识自己，做一个现实主义者，既认清自己的长处，也清楚自己的短处。A. shortages短缺；B. disadvantages劣势；C. strengths优势、长处；D. limitations局限。分析句意再根据下文的weaknesses可知，此处用strengths表示“优势、长处”与下文呼应，故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：你可以憧憬未来，但不要期望太高，因为理想永远不能完全实现。A. look up尊敬、查阅；B. look back回头看；C. look forward期望；D. look down向下看。分析句意再根据下文的future可知，此处指对未来的憧憬。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. expect期待；B. analyze分析；C. inspect审查；D. dream梦想。分析句意再根据上文的but可知，上下文是转折关系，所以此处指不要“期望”太多。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可以勇敢地迎接挑战，但你应该清楚自己努力的方向。A. honest诚实的；B. comprehensive综合性的；C. courageous勇敢的；D. delicate柔和的。分析句意再根据下文的“to meet challenges(迎接挑战)”可知，此处用固定搭配be courageous to do sth表示“勇敢地做某事”符合语境。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查疑问词辨析。句意：同上。A. what什么；B. which哪一个；C. how如何；D. where哪儿。分析句意再根据空格后的to direct可知，此处用where指努力的方向符合语境。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，只要你对自己有充分的认识，就没有克服不了的困难。A. image形象；B. knowledge认识、知识；C. system体系；D. memory记忆。根据下文“there won’t be difficulties you can’t overcome.(没有你克服不了的困难。)”可知，此处是指对自己有充分的“认识”符合语境。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你认为自己是一棵参天大树还是一棵小草，是一座高山还是一块小石头，你都代表着一种自然状态，都有自己存在的理由。A. attack袭击；B. criticism批评；C. popularity流行；D. existence存在。分析句意再根据空格前的reason of可知，此处指“存在”的理由。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：如果你认真地欣赏自己，你就会有一种真正的自我欣赏，它会给你信心。只要你对自己充满信心，你就能战胜任何困难。A. As much as多达；B. As soon as一……就；C. As far as至于；D. As well as也、和。根据下文“you’ll be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.(你将能够对抗和克服任何困难)”可知，此处指你一达到充满信心这一条件，就能客服任何困难。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在忧伤的时候，要善待自己，找朋友倾诉一下，让沮丧的心情振作起来。A. quarreling吵架；B. arguing争辩；C. sharing分享；D. blaming责备。根据下文“so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one(这样就可以把阴沉的心情变成愉快的心情)”可知，此处指通过和朋友倾诉即“分享”可以转变心情，故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：除非你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己，否则你不会有足够的信心和准备来抵抗疾病的攻击。A. Unless除非；B. Once曾经；C. Since自从、因为；D. If如果。根据下文“ you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor,(你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己)”可知，此处是表必要条件，所以用 Unless表示“除非”符合语境。故选A项。
33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.recall回想起；B. restore恢复；C. restart重新启动；D. resist抵抗。根据下文“the attack of illness(疾病的攻击)”可知，此处指“抵抗”疾病的攻击。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如你所知道的，一个人的身体所拥有的只是一个暴露在自然环境中的脆弱的人体。A. exchanged交换；B. exposed暴露；C. experienced经历；D. exported出口。分析句意再根据to the elements可知，此处指“暴露”在自然环境中。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：总之，彻底了解自己，才能掌握自己的人生。A. mark标记；B. control掌握、控制；C. account账户；D. recovery恢复。分析句意再根据空格后的life可知，此处指“掌握”自己的人生，符合语境。故选B项。
第二节　语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 50-minute drive northwest of downtown, Beijing, a village pops up. It____36____(house) a shadow puppetry troupe (皮影戏剧团) and Beijing Long zaitian Shadow Puppet Theater.
Shadow puppetry is seen____37____the prequel (先行篇) to film and animation in China. Besides performances____38____ (create) by light and shadow, performers must master a____39____(vary) skill set as the plays combine painting, carving, opera and literature. But due to low revenue and a small market, young people are unwilling ____40____(learn) shadow puppetry.
____41____, this particular troupe stands out from the crowd. Average performer age is only 25. Moreover, of the 300 performers____42____has trained over the years, many are under 1.4 m in____43____(high). In 2021, the team created Winter Olympics-themed shadow pupets. The troupe also staged different plays____44____(introduce) ice and snow sports through fairy tales.
“____45____(fortunate), we have these people. They have been devoted to the inheritance of shadow puppetry for over a decade,”said Wang Xi, inheritor of Beijing Western School Shadow Puppetry.
【答案】36. houses
37. as 38. created
39. various##varied
40. to learn
41. However
42. it 43. height
44. introducing
45. Fortunately
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了中国民间古老的传统艺术——皮影戏。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：这里有皮影戏剧团和北京龙在天皮影戏剧院。分析句子成分可知，空格处是本句的谓语动词；house，实义动词，意为“给……提供住所”；又根据前句可知，此句用一般现在时，故填houses。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：皮影戏在中国被视为电影和动画的前传。see...as...意为“把……看作”，是固定搭配。故填as。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了由光影创造的表演，演员必须掌握各种技能，因为戏剧结合了绘画、雕刻、歌剧和文学。分析句子成分可知，空格处是作名词performances的后置定语，且与动词create成被动关系。故填created。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：除了由光影创造的表演，演员必须掌握各种技能，因为戏剧结合了绘画、雕刻、歌剧和文学。分析句子可知，空格处是用来形容名词skill；vary动词，意为“变化”,various/varied为形容词，意为“各种各样的”。故填various/varied。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但由于皮影戏收入低，市场小，年轻人不愿意学习皮影戏。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事”，故填to learn。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，这个特殊的剧团在人群中脱颖而出。演员的平均年龄只有25岁。根据句意可知，上文讲年轻人不愿意学习皮影戏。后文讲这个剧团的平均年龄是25岁，前后句意思相反，且用副词连接。故填However。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：此外，在多年来训练的300名表演者中，许多人的身高不到1.4米。分析句子成分可知，空格处引导的句子是定语从句，修饰先行词performers，空格处是定语从句的主语，指代上文中的troupe；先行词在从句中作宾语，省略关系代词。故填it。

【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，在多年来训练的300名表演者中，许多人的身高不到1.4米。分析句子可知，介词后接名词；height，名词，意为“高度”。故填height。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：剧团还上演了不同的戏剧，通过童话故事介绍冰雪运动。分析句子可知，空格处是非谓语作后置定语修饰名词plays且呈主动关系。故填introducing。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：幸运地是，我们有这些人。根据句意可知，空格处用副词。故填Fortunately。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 你校将举行英语作文比赛。请你以“Benefits of Exercising Regularly”为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 定期运动的好处；
2. 你的建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Benefits of Exercising Regularly
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Benefits of Exercising Regularly
Doing exercise on a regular basis is necessary in our daily life. Everyone benefits from exercising regularly, regardless of age, sex or physical ability. For one thing, not only can regular exercise help us keep a healthy body weight, sleep better and reduce our health risks, but it can strengthen our bones and muscles as well, thus enabling us to build a strong body. For another, exercising regularly helps keep our thinking and judgment sharp as we age. It can also reduce our risk of depression and anxiety.
As far as I’m concerned, however busy we are, we should try every means to spare a certain amount of time for exercise. Only in this way can we stay healthy both physically and mentally.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生撰写的是一篇主题为“Benefits of Exercising Regularly”的英语作文比赛参赛短文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
必要的：necessary→essential
保持：keep →stay
也：as well →too
腾出时间：spare time →make time
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句：
原句：Doing exercise on a regular basis is necessary in our daily life. Everyone benefits from exercising regularly, regardless of age, sex or physical ability.
拓展句：Doing exercise on a regular basis is necessary in our daily life, which everyone benefits from, regardless of age, sex or physical ability.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Only in this way can we stay healthy both physically and mentally.(运用了部分倒装结构)
【高分句型2】As far as I’m concerned, however busy we are, we should try every means to spare a certain amount of time for exercise.(运用的however引导的让步状语从句)
第二节 读后续写 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The frightening day of our diving test was here. Our parents thought we were lucky to have an Olympic-size swimming pool at the school. My mom stressed that the swimming pool was one of the best in our city. But I didn’t feel happy about it at all. Instead I felt afraid of the swimming pool. It was mainly because I was terribly shy.
I was so shy that I always sat at the back of the room in class so I’d not be called upon to read. As for the present physical education class each Monday morning, I would work my way to the back of the line forming at the diving board so I would not have to practice the dives.
Now, it was another Monday morning - the morning of our diving test. My blood ran cold when the teacher Ms. Robbins announced that we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive- the jackknife. And she added, “This diving test is important. The one who fails has to spare time in the following Monday mornings to practice diving in this swimming pool and attend this test again.”
My body kept shaking with fear as the line to the scary diving board shortened. As I watched, each student seemed to perform the challenging dive effortlessly. And shortly I would have to attempt something that I had never even practiced before.
Then I remembered someone telling me that when you picture yourself doing a skill over and over, it’s just as effective as physically practicing that skill. So I watched carefully as each classmate jumped at the end of the board once, added a jump for height, folded their body in half to reach for their toes, and finally straightened out like an arrow for going into the water. After carefully watching for a while, I was actually in a state of surprise, because all of a sudden I realized that it was possible for me to perform these four steps of diving.
Eventually all classmates except me finished jumping. The teacher announced that it was my turn.
注意：1. 续与词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With my heart knocking wildly, I walked down the diving board towards its end.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Knowing I failed, I climbed out of the pool, embarrassed.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
With my heart knocking wildly, I walked down the diving board towards its end. Looking down, I found all my classmates were looking up at me. My face suddenly felt hot. Finally, I ignored them. Picturing the four steps of diving, I jumped. Then I folded my body but failed to reach for my toes. And instead of entering the water like an arrow, I fell into the water, with my body being flat. As a result, it caused a huge sound, which made all the classmates burst out laughing.
Knowing I failed, I climbed out of the pool, embarrassed. After class, Ms. Robbins comforted and encouraged me. In the following many Monday mornings, I practiced again and again under her guidance. Gradually, I became more confident and less shy. Finally, I attended the diving test again and performed well. This time, my classmates cheered and clapped. I was so glad. I knew my success resulted from my beating my shyness and my hard practice.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者害怕游泳池。这主要是因为自己非常害羞。这天老师宣布要进行考试，而且要根据最难的跳水动作进行期末评分，虽然作者最后失败了，但在老师的鼓励下再次参加了潜水考试，并取得了很好的成绩。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我的心狂跳着，走下跳板，走向跳板的尽头。”可知，第一段可描写作者参加考试的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“知道自己失败了，我尴尬地爬出了游泳池。”可知，第二段可描写作者在老师鼓励下再次参加考试。
2.续写线索：跳水——失败——安慰——指导——参赛——自信——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
未能：fail to/be unable to
导致：cause/lead to
参加：attend /take part in
情绪类
尴尬：embarrassed / abashed
高兴：glad /delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1] Looking down, I found all my classmates were looking up at me. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] And instead of entering the water like an arrow, I fell into the water, with my body being flat. (运用了动名词作宾语)