初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版九年级全册Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!Section A精品课件ppt

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Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth!Period 3 SectionA Grammar focus-4c
人教新目标版英语九年级
Presentation
1.掌握下列词汇：take part in ,afford, turn off, reusable, pay for, take action, transportation 掌握句型：We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action!Have you ever taken part in an environmental project? 2. 通过了解谓语动词解题思路，能够复习现在进行时、现在完成时、情态动词、被动语态、used to的表意功能和用法。3.能运用目标语言谈论污染问题，能在实际情景对话中认识解决空气污染和垃圾污染的方法。
Learning aims
Presentation
take part in 参加 afford v. 承担得起(后果); 买得起 turn off 关掉 reusable adj. 可重复使用的； pay for 付费； 付出代价 take action 采取行动transportation n. 运输业；交通运输
Pre-grammar
Look and read.
New words
Presentation
Pre-grammar
Watch and answer.
Enjoy a short video and anwer the questions.
1. What’s happening to the earth ?
2. What caused the pollution？
3. What should we do to reduce the pollution？
It is suffering from pollution.
遭受(痛苦)
People are throwing rubbish everywhere.
Factories are putting waste into the river.
The factories that burn coal pollute the air with a lot of black smoke.
Lead in
Presentation
Pre-grammar
Look and say.
3. What should we do to reduce the pollution？
The government has taken actions.
Some laws are developed to stop the pollution.
Everyone should take part in saving the earth.
Take the bus or ride a bike instead of driving.
Presentation
Pre-grammar
Look and say.
bring a bag instead of plastic bags when shopping.
Remember to throw rubbish into the bins.
Try to put different kinds of waste into different bins.
Presentation
While-grammar
Look and translate.
Read the sentences and translate them.
Presentation
Fill in the blanks according to grammar focus.
While-grammar
1. We’re trying ______ ______ the earth.我们正在尽力地拯救地球。2. The river ______ _____ be so clean.河流过去常常是如此干净。3. The air ____ badly ________.空气被严重地污染了。4. No scientific studies ______ ____ that shark fins are good for health.没有科学研究显示鲨鱼鱼鳍对健康有益处。5. We _____ ______ save the sharks.我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。
to save
used to
is polluted
have shown
should help
Practice
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
What did you find out?
探究一：现在进行时的结构和用法
定义：表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作, 也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作，或说话者的强烈情感。
People are throwing rubbish to the river.
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究一：现在进行时的结构和用法
定义：表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作, 也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作，或说话者的强烈情感。
They are playing basketball now.
Tom is working on a new book about stories.
正在发生
目前一段时间内正在进行
谓语构成：Be(am\is\are) ＋v-ing (动词的现在分词)
It’s always raining here.
说话者的强烈情感（抱怨情绪
Why are you always coming late for class?
含说话者的强烈情感
He is watching a movie now.
I am studying Chinese on the Internet these days.
Factories are putting waste into the river.
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究一：现在进行时的结构和用法
句式变化：① 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + v-ing ② 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + not + v-ing ③ 疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + v-ing?
Is she reading a book now?
She is not reading a book now.
She is reading a book now.
v.-ing形式(现在分词)的构成：
a.一般情况下，在动词词尾后加-ing。如：go → going。b.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing。如：have → having。c.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：run → running。
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究一：现在进行时的结构和用法
标志性词汇：now, right now, look, listen, these days, at the moment, at present
Look! The boy is crying.
Listen! The boy is singing.
He is watching a movie now.
具体用法：
1.表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。 常带有表示目前时刻的时间状语如：now, at the (very) moment, for the time being, at present, 及Look! Listen! ...① Look! The big bird is flying away. 看，那只大鸟正在飞走。 ② He is watching a movie now. 他现在正在看电影。
Presentation
2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时可能没有进行的动作。Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究一：现在进行时的结构和用法
具体用法：
3. 与always, constantly, forever, all the time等副词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意。① You are always changing your mind. 你总是主意不定(太烦人了。) ② He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人。)
4. 对于come, go, leave, arrive, start 等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。① He is leaving on Wednesday. 他将于周三离开。 ② Mary isn’t here at the moment. She is coming later. 玛丽现在不在这儿，她一会儿来。
Presentation
While-grammar
Look and say.
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 Listen! The phone __________(ring). Please go to answer it.2. — Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed? — Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I ___________(wait) for her. 3. — What’s your father doing now? — He __________ (write) a letter in the study.
is ringing
am waiting
is writing
Group discussion
What a fine day today! Look! What are they doing?
Practice
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
What did you find out?
探究二：used to的结构和用法
1. used to 是固定结构，是一般过去时的一种形式，后面跟___________. used to do 意为“__________”. 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不发生或不存在。 可使用于各种人称。
动词原形
过去常常做
Did you use to play the piano?
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：used to的结构和用法
sb.used to do sth. 某人过去常常做某事(现在不再做了) I used to get up at six o’clock. 我以前六点钟起床。used to be + adj. 过去曾经……样The river used to be very clean.used to be + 职业名词 过去曾经当过/是… His father used to be a teacher.
2. used to 的句型变化
1) 否定句式：didn’t use to do sth. e.g. You didn’t use to eat chips when you were younger. 2) 一般疑问句式：Did + 主语 + use to do sth.? Did you use to play the piano? 3) 附加疑问句式： …, didn’t +主语? He used to drink, didn’t he?
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：used to的结构和用法
3. 辨析：used to do sth.; be/get used to doing sth.; be used to do sth.
used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事(而现在不做了)”。后接动词原形。 I used to eat pork.
be/get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”。后接动词使用-ing形式。I’m used to riding to school now.
be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。这是被动结构，后接动词原形。Wood can be used to make paper.
My grandfather is used to going for a walk after dinner. 我爷爷习惯晚饭后去散步。
这种小刀是用来切东西的。This kind of knife are used to cut things.
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
What did you find out?
探究三：被动语态的结构和用法
1. 定义：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。2. 结构：be + 过去分词 e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究三：被动语态的结构和用法
3. 主动语态如何变为被动语态
小口诀： 宾变主，主变by+宾，谓语动词用被动（be+done）,其他成分不变。
①
①
②
③
I cleaned my room. → My room was cleaned by me.
主动语态中有些感官动词（如hear, see, watch, notice等）和使役动词（如make, let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。
I saw him cross the road and enter the shop. → He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop.
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究三：被动语态的结构和用法
5. 各种时态的被动语态谓语构成
不同时态的被动语态结构(以动词do为例):一般现在时: am/is/are+ done一般过去时: was/were+done一般将来时: will be/is(/am/are) going to be+ done含情态动词: can/may/must...+be+done
被动语态的基本结构：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词
The Secondary School Entrance Exam _______ (hold) in June.
is held
A strange noise __________ (hear) by his mother last night.
was heard
A wide road _____________ (build) between the two villages
will be built
Actions should_________(take) to protect the earth.
be taken
a. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者，不必或不便说出动作的执行者（这时可 省掉by引导的短语）;b. 借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者
A new school was built last year.
Tea plants are grown in South China.
4. 被动语态用法:
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
What did you find out?
探究四：现在完成时的结构和用法
1.定义：表示现在还存在过去发生或已经完成的动作的影响或结果; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究三：被动语态的结构和用法
2. 结构: has/have + 过去分词
3. 标志词: already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice, recently,up to now, till now, so far, for+时间, since+时间点/从句, in the last/past...years。
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书了。
He hasn’t called since he went to Beijing.他自从去了北京还没有打来过电话。
He has kept this book for two weeks. 他借这本书两周了。
Her grandfather has been dead for ten years.
In the past few years, great changes has taken place in Lianyungang.
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究四：现在完成时的结构和用法
4. 现在完成时的句式结构: 主语+have / has（助动词）+ done肯定句：主语 + have / has + done+ 其他否定句：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + done + 其他一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + done+ …？肯定答语：Yes, 主语 + have / has.否定答语：No, 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t.
5. 过去分词的构成
一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。如: work → worked。在以e结尾的动词后只加-d。如: close → closed。以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-ed。如: study → studied。以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如: stop → stopped。
过去分词的规则变化
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究四：现在完成时的结构和用法
5. 过去分词的构成
过去分词的不规则变化
AAA型 put put putAAB型 beat beat beatenABA型 become became becomeABB型 get got got/gottenABC型 begin began begun
6. 辨析：have been to, have gone to & have been in
have / has been to “曾经去过某地”, 现在已经不在那里了。一般与表示频率的副词或次数连用。
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次了。(已经回来)
Have you been to Beijing before?
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究四：现在完成时的结构和用法
6. 辨析：have been to, have gone to & have been in
have / has gone to “到某地去了”, 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中, 即说话时该人不在现场,
My mom has gone to the supermarket.我的妈妈去超市了。(人不在现场)
Jim has gone to London with his family.
have been in 已在某地, 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
The Greens have been in China for two years.
I have been in Beijing for two years.
Presentation
While-grammar
Look and fill
Complete the following sentences. I _________ (be) in Beijing for two years.2. I _____ never _____ (hear) of that man before.3. Tom ________________ (work) there since two years ago. 4. The twins ____________ (wash) the clothes for an hour.5. He ___________ (play) basketball since three years ago.6. How long ______ Sally _______ (sing) yet?
have been
have
heard
has worked
have washed
has played
has
sung
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
What did you find out?
探究五：情态动词的结构和用法
1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有: can (could), may (might),must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究五：情态动词的结构和用法
2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式，可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。Ken can climb up the trees like a koala.Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.You mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerous.
3. 情态动词的用法
a. 表能力: can, could, be able to
情态动词can表示“能力”时，与be able to同义，其否定形式为can’t。can 表示现在的能力，其过去式could表示过去的能力。
—Can your Australian friend eat with chopsticks? — Yes, but she can’t use them well.
—Could your father play golf when he was young?—No, he couldn't. But he could play table tennis.
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究五：情态动词的结构和用法
3. 情态动词的用法
b. 表推测: might, could, may, can, must, can’t (可能性依次递增)
might, may, can, must都可表示“推测”， may和must表“推测”常用语肯定句，can表“推测”常用于否定句和疑问句。
After a long walk, the children must be very tired now.
—I saw Lily in the supermarket this morning.—No, it can't be her. She moved to Australia the day before yesterday.
c. 表建议: shall, should, had better
You should study hard if you want to be a scientist in the future?
You had better ask your parents for advice.
Presentation
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究五：情态动词的结构和用法
3. 情态动词的用法
d. 表委婉的“请求；许可”: may, might, can, could, will, would
当“May\Can\Could I …”表示“请求；许可”时，could在表示“请求；许可”时，语气更委婉。肯定回答常用“Yes,please.”\“certainly”等，否定回答常用“No, you can’t.”等。
—May I borrow your math book? — Sure. Here you are.
—Could I watch Tv now? — Sorry. you can't.
e. 表义务: must, need, have to
I must study hard and get good grades.
must 意为“必须”，强调主观看法。
It's raining outside. I have to stay at home.
have to 意为“不得不，必须”，强调客观情况
Presentation
While-grammar
Look and fill
Translation.1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。2. 首先你必须完成作业。3. 他现在不可能在家。4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。
We can’t eat in the classroom. 
You must finish your homework first.
He can’t be at home now. 
She must know the answer to this question.
Presentation
Post-grammar
4a
Look and fill
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: _____ you ever _____ (take) part in an environmental project? Ken: Yes, I have. I _______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was __________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city______ ever ________ (have). Joe: How many people ________ (take) part?Ken: I ___________ (think) more than 1,000 people ______(come) to help out. Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is ______ (try) to improve the environment. Ken: Yes, we can’t afford to________ (wait) any longer to take action!
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
took
think
came
trying
wait
take part in sth/doing sth 参加
afford to do sth 负担得起
take action 采取行动
Practice
Presentation
Post-grammar
Look and fill
4b
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.
can would could have to should must may/ might
People _________ think that big things__________________ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you ______________ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _______________ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that you now _______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _______________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you __________ take the bus. All these small things __________ add up and become big things that ______________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now!
may/might
should/have to/must
can/could/should
can/could/should
have to
can/could/should
can/could
can/could
would/can/could
begin with 开始于
pay for 付费；付出代价
add up 合计；加起来
Presentation
Post-grammar
Look and fill
4c
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
use public transportation (n.交通运输); …
I think that everyone should use public transportation.
I disagree. It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation…
Presentation
Post-grammar
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher. 2. We should _____ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _____________ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees _______________(plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _________ (live) here for 20 years.
to be
clean
is sleeping
are planted
has lived
Class test
Presentation
Post-grammar
二、根据所给汉语完成英语句子。1. 这条河过去很干净。 The river _______ _______ _______ so clean.2. 我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。 We should _______ _______ the sharks. 3. 然而，很多人忘记了拯救地球从小事做起。 However, many forget that saving the earth______ ____ small things. 4. 在很多商店，你不得不付塑料袋的费用 In some stores, you now have to ___ _____ plastic bags.5. 我们认为每个人都应该使用公共交通工具。 We think that everyone should use ________ ______.
used to be
help save
begins with
pay for
public transportation
Presentation
1. 熟记Grammar Focus 里面的句子。 2. 熟读Section B P101对应的单词； 预习课本P101，完成1a.
Homework