福建省龙岩市2023届高考英语二模试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份福建省龙岩市2023届高考英语二模试题（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
龙岩市2023年高中毕业班三月教学质量检测
英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the time now?
A. 5:15. B. 5:00. C. 4:45.
2. Why do the speakers come here?
A. To sell a house. B. To look at a new place. C. To do some shopping.
3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Neighbors. B. Close friends. C. Brother and sister.
4. What does the man mean?
A. He likes the book. B. He hasn’t read the book. C. He will return the book soon.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A sales promotion. B. Their new stores. C. The man’s work.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What will the woman prepare for the host?
A. Chocolates. B. A scarf. C. A tie.
7. What does the woman think of table manners?
A. They’re easy. B. They’re too formal. C. They’re complex.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is wrong with the woman?
A. She has a headache. B. She got a bad cold. C. She can’t fall asleep.
9. When is the deadline for the report?
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday.
10. How does the man suggest the woman deal with the report?
A. Improve it. B. Leave it with him. C. Submit it later.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. How old is the man’s daughter?
A. 18. B. 20. C. 22.
12. What did the man’s daughter do yesterday?
A. She gave a toy turtle to him.
B. She posted the story online.
C. She complained about his action.
13. Where are the speakers?
A. At a studio. B. At the man’s office. C. At the woman’s home.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Who is the man probably?
A. An airline clerk. B. A police officer. C. A salesperson.
15. What color is the woman’s handbag?
A. Black. B. Golden. C. Dark red.
16. What is in the woman’s handbag?
A. Her purse. B. Her house keys. C. Her ID card.
17. What will the woman do next?
A. Cancel the credit card. B. Wait for the man’s call. C. Phone the Lost and Found Office.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Which place do the youngest group come in?
A. Second. B. Third. C. Fourth.
19. What should Eastside practice more?
A. The dance. B. The music. C. The expression.
20. Why do The Storm win the first prize?
A. The violinist played so well.
B. The singer had a beautiful voice.
C. The dancers performed excellent.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. A royal home and fortress (堡垒) for more than 900 years, it remains a working palace to this day, and is the official residence of The King.
What to see?
Your ticket to Windsor Castle allows entry to the State Apartments, decorated with the finest works of art in the Royal Collection. Spot masterpieces on display by Holbein, Rubens and Van Dyck, Sèvres china and delicate English and French furniture. Admire Queen Mary’s Doll’s House—the largest dolls’ house in the world—and St. George’s Chapel, where Queen Elizebeth II was laid to rest in 2022.
The Moat Room gives an overview of the castle’s 950-year history, with three largescale bronze (青铜) models showing how the castle looked at different moments in time.
Time your visit for the Changing the Guard ceremony. It takes place at 11 am on select days throughout the year (weather permitting).
Tickets
Tickets must be booked in advance. Alternatively, book onto one of the many day trips to Windsor Castle that include entry to the castle plus stops at other attractions and towns, including Stonehenge, Bath, Oxford, Lacock, Salisbury and Hampton Court Palace.
If you’re short on time, join an afternoon coach tour from London to Windsor Castle, giving you enough time to look around before returning in the evening. You can even combine London’s two royal residences on a Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle Tour.
Prices
Child ticket: £15.50
Young Person ticket: £18.00
Adult ticket: £28.00
Under 5s free. Discounts for families and groups of at least 15.
Opening Times
Monday, Thursday to Sunday.
March to October: 10 am to 5:15 pm (last admission 4 pm).
November to February: 10 am to 4:15 pm (last admission 3 pm).
1. What can tourists do in Windsor Castle?
A. Buy dolls from Queen Mary. B. Learn about the history of the castle.
C. Admire artworks in St. George’s Chapel. D. Visit the daily Changing the Guard ceremony.
2. How many routes to Windsor Castle are recommended to tourists?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. When can tourists be admitted into the castle?
A. 11:35 am, Feb 24, Friday. B. 10 am, May 15, Wednesday.
C. 4:15 pm, Saturday, November. D. 5:00 pm, Monday, October.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是参观世界上最古老的城堡——温莎城堡（Windsor Castle）的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据What to see? 部分的“The Moat Room gives an overview of the castle’s 950-year history, with three largescale bronze (青铜) models showing how the castle looked at different moments in time.(护城河房间展示了这座城堡950年的历史，三个大型青铜模型展示了城堡在不同时刻的样子)”可知，在温莎城堡游客们可以了解到城堡950年的历史。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tickets部分中的“Alternatively, book onto one of the many day trips to Windsor Castle that include entry to the castle plus stops at other attractions and towns, including Stonehenge, Bath, Oxford, Lacock, Salisbury and Hampton Court Palace.(或者，你也可以预订温莎城堡一日游，包括进入城堡，在其他景点和城镇停留，包括巨石阵、巴斯、牛津、拉科克、索尔兹伯里和汉普顿宫)”可知，去温莎城堡可以预订温莎城堡一日游，以及“If you’re short on time, join an afternoon coach tour from London to Windsor Castle, giving you enough time to look around before returning in the evening. You can even combine London’s two royal residences on a Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle Tour.(如果你的时间紧张，可以参加下午从伦敦到温莎城堡的长途旅行，让你有足够的时间在晚上返回之前四处看看。你甚至可以在白金汉宫和温莎城堡之旅中游览伦敦的两处王室住所)”可知，如果时间不够可以参加伦敦到温莎城堡的长途旅行，甚至可以在白金汉宫和温莎城堡之旅中游览王室，由以上可知，推荐了三条旅行路线。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Opening Times中的“Monday, Thursday to Sunday. March to October: 10 am to 5:15 pm (last admission 4 pm). November to February: 10 am to 4:15 pm (last admission 3 pm).(星期一、星期四至星期日。3月至10月：上午10点至下午5点15分(下午4点截止入场)。11月至2月：上午10点至下午4点15分(下午3点截止入场))”可知，符合条件的为星期五，上午11点35分，2月24日。故选A项。
B
A book called Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations has been published in the United States since the 1850s. It started with John Bartlett, the owner of a bookstore near Boston, Massachusetts. He selected words, or quotations, from famous people, including Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and John Keats for the book.
Geoffrey O’Brien is the current editor of the 170-year-old book. He said it is hard to keep up with so many quotations because of “the speed of events” in modern times. “No matter when we went to press, we would be cutting off in the middle of the story,” he said.
The 19th edition of Bartlett’s just came out. It is the first publication since 2012 and the second under O’Brien. “With the Internet and cable news, you have the constant manufacturing of statements of one kind or another,” O’Brien said. So, he tried to choose quotations that have staying power beyond current news events.
In the early days, the book was mostly made up of quotations from white men. But recently, the book includes words from the singer Beyoncé and the track and field athlete Usain Bolt. It even has thoughts from other languages such as Russian and Navajo, a Native American language.
With so many new quotes, some older ones had to be removed. O’Brien said he was sad to drop comments by John Dryden, one of his favorite poets.
O’Brien also needs to keep the book to about 1,400 pages. So, once very well-known American comedians like Bob Hope and Johnny Carson are not in the latest book. Also gone are quotes from former U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle and actor Sally Field.
O’Brien said the goal of the book is to be “representative” but not like an encyclopedia (百科全书). Not everyone can get in. He said he was sad to not be able to include a comment from U.S. civil rights activist and politician John Lewis, who died in 2020.
4. What is the main challenge the editor faces?
A. Whether to keep pace with times. B. What to take into the book.
C. How to deal with new statements. D. How to remove the quotes.
5. How did O’Brien tackle the challenge?
A. He included more languages. B. He reset the goal of the book.
C. He kept the pages of the book. D. He used power-lasting quotes.
6. What can we learn about the book?
A. It has evolved as time changes. B. Famous stories are selected for it.
C. The 19th edition is the second publication. D. Only quotes from white men were included.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Content of a Famous Book B. Development of a Quotation Book
C. Editors Try to Publish More Books D. Quotation Book Struggles to Keep up
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文 。文章通过介绍《巴特利特熟悉的语录》这本书的相关背景以及发展和出版情况。介绍了书籍的引文很难与时俱进。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He said it is hard to keep up with so many quotations because of “the speed of events” in modern times. “No matter when we went to press, we would be cutting off in the middle of the story,” he said.(他说，由于现代“事件的速度”，很多的引用很难与时俱进。他说:“无论什么时候印刷，我们都会在故事中途中断。”)” 可知，由于现代事件发展的速度，编辑们很难决定把什么放进书中。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ So, he tried to choose quotations that have staying power beyond current news events.(因此,他努力选择那些在当前新闻事件之外具有持执力的引用。)”可知，O’Brien使用具有持久力的引文。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“With so many new quotes, some older ones had to be removed. O’Brien said he was sad to drop comments by John Dryden, one of his favorite poets.(由于有这么多新引语，一些较旧的引语不得不被删除。奥布莱恩说，他很难过放弃他最喜欢的诗人之一约翰·德莱顿的评论。)”可推断这本书随着时间的变化而演变。故选A。
7题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，特别是第二段内容“Geoffrey O’Brien is the current editor of the 170-year-old book. He said it is hard to keep up with so many quotations because of “the speed of events” in modern times. “No matter when we went to press, we would be cutting off in the middle of the story,” he said.(杰弗里·奥布莱恩是这本有着170年历史的书的现任编辑。他说，由于现代“事件的速度”，很多引文很难与时俱进。他说：“无论什么时候复印，我们都会在故事中途中断。”)”可知，本文通过介绍了《巴特利特熟悉的语录》这本书的出版情况，介绍了书籍的引文很难与时俱进，因此推断D项“引用书籍很难与时俱进”为最佳标题。故选D。
C
A new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gasses may reduce important nutrients in food crops.
Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production. But scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gasses threaten food quality.
Researchers studied the effects of one such gas—carbon dioxide—on rice. They grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan in a controlled environment. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. They found that the resulting rice crops had lower than normal levels of vitamins, minerals and protein.
Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein. The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc (锌) than rice grown under normal conditions.
The researchers said the effects of planet-warming gasses would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets, they noted. Scientists estimated that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.
One scientist, Sam Myers of Harvard University of Massachusetts, US, said that findings like this are an example of the surprises climate change creates. “My concern is, there are many more surprises to come,” he said.
Myers noted that pollution, loss of some species, destruction of forests, and other human activities are likely to produce unexpected problems. He said that you cannot completely change all the natural systems that living organisms have grown to depend on over millions of years without having effects come back to affect our own health.
The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change—to grow different forms of rice that have shown to be more resistant to higher carbon dioxide levels.
8. According to the latest study, how do higher temperatures affect crops?
A. They remove the nutrition. B. They worsen the quality.
C. They lower the production. D. They decrease the species.
9. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Asian crops contain more nutrients. B. Rice is grown in restricted conditions.
C. Crops grown with lower CO2 are healthier. D. Poor people suffer a lot from food shortage.
10. What does Sam Myers agree with?
A. Natural systems damage our health. B. The nutritional harm should be lowered.
C. More effects are caused by climate changes. D. Human activities result in health problems.
11. What does the writer intend to do?
A. To introduce a study. B. To clarify a fact.
C. To make a suggestion. D. To show a concern.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究表明，不断增加的温室气体可能会减少粮食作物的重要营养成分，对人们的身体健康造成影响，并提出了一种降低气候变化对营养危害的方法——种植不同形式的水稻。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gasses threaten food quality.(但科学家们发现，二氧化碳和其他全球变暖气体水平的上升威胁着食品质量。)”可知，高温会让作物的质量变差。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein. The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc (锌) than rice grown under normal conditions.(在高二氧化碳条件下种植的水稻，四种维生素B的含量平均降低了13%到30%，蛋白质含量降低了10%。与正常条件下种植的水稻相比，这些作物的铁含量减少了8%，锌含量减少了5%(锌)。)”可知，在高二氧化碳下生长的水稻，其营养元素都有所降低，由此可知，在低二氧化碳条件下生长的水稻更健康。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“One scientist, Sam Myers of Harvard University of Massachusetts, US, said that findings like this are an example of the surprises climate change creates. “My concern is, there are many more surprises to come,” he said.(美国哈佛大学马萨诸塞分校的科学家Sam Myers说，这样的发现是气候变化带来意外的一个例子。“我担心的是，还会有更多的意外发生，”他说。)”可知，Sam Myers认为这只是气候变化带来的震惊之一，他担心的是会有更多的震惊，由此可知，气候变化会带来很多的影响。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“A new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gasses may reduce important nutrients in food crops.(一项新的研究表明，使地球变暖的气体水平的上升可能会减少粮食作物中的重要营养物质。)”以及尾段中“The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change—to grow different forms of rice that have shown to be more resistant to higher carbon dioxide levels.(这项新研究提出了一种降低气候变化对营养危害的方法——种植不同形式的水稻，这些水稻已被证明对更高的二氧化碳水平具有更强的抵抗力。)”并结合下文中对该研究的介绍和分析，同时新研究提出的相应的解决方案可知，本文作者是介绍一项气候变暖针对作物质量影响的新研究。故选A项。
D
Music is good for the health. And drumming may be best of all. As well as being physically demanding, it requires people to synchronise their limbs and to react to outside stimuli, such as what the rest of the band is up to. It is particularly helpful for children who have emotional and behavioural difficulties.
Researchers at the Clem Burke Drumming Project — an organisation named after Blondie’s drummer, who was one of its founders — have shown that teaching such children to drum helps them to control their reactions more generally, to focus more effectively on tasks they are given, and to communicate better with other people.
The project’s latest work, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by a team led by Marie-Stephanie Cahart of King’s College, London, goes a step further. It looks at the neurological (神经系统的) changes which accompany these shifts. Ms Cahart and her colleagues recruited 36 autistic (自闭的) teenagers and split them into two groups. One lot had drum lessons twice a week for eight weeks. The others did not. At the beginning and end of the project everyone was asked to stay still for 45 minutes in a functional magnetic-resonance imaging (fmri) machine, to see how the activity of their brains had changed. Their behaviour, as reported by their guardians, was also recorded.
As expected, most of the drumming group showed positive behavioural changes. And these were indeed reflected in their brains. The fmri scans showed that several clusters of connectivity between parts of those brains had strengthened during the experiment. In particular, two regions involved in attention control, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (背外侧前额叶皮层) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (额下回), formed strong links, respectively, with places associated with reflection and with areas involved in interpreting facial expressions. These changes in the brain’s “wetware” thus nicely match the changes in behaviour which learning to drum causes.
Not a surprise, perhaps. But an encouraging confirmation of drumming’s power to heal.
12. What does the underlined word “synchronise” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Order. B. Show. C. Strengthen. D. Adjust.
13. Why was the teenagers’ behavior recorded?
A. To observe the positive stimuli. B. To see its relation with brain changes.
C. To show behavioral differences. D. To demonstrate their facial connection.
14. What can we learn about drumming?
A. It cures mental illnesses. B. It arouses interest in music.
C. It shapes better behavior. D. It balances minds and behavior.
15. What is the text mainly about?
A. Drumming benefits health. B. How to tackle people less focused.
C. A research on emotion and behavior. D. The links between drumming and brain.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍打鼓可以帮助孩子解决情绪和行为上的困难，有助于他们控制自己的反应，更好地集中注意力，更好地沟通。科学家们研究了打鼓是如何影响自闭症青少年的大脑的，发现它会使他们的行为发生积极的变化。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。结合常识和划线词所在句“it requires people to synchronise their limbs and to react to outside stimuli (它要求人们synchronise四肢，并对外界刺激做出反应)”中“react to outside stimuli”可推知，打鼓的时候四肢参与，要对外界刺激做出反应就需要不断去“调整”四肢的动作与状态，所以划线词与adjust同义，意为“调整”。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“At the beginning and end of the project everyone was asked to stay still for 45 minutes in a functional magnetic-resonance imaging (fmri) machine, to see how the activity of their brains had changed. Their behaviour, as reported by their guardians, was also recorded.(在项目开始和结束时，每个人都被要求在功能性磁共振成像仪(fmri)中保持45分钟不动，以观察他们的大脑活动是如何变化的。他们的监护人所报告的行为也被记录下来)”和第四段中“As expected, most of the drumming group showed positive behavioural changes. And these were indeed reflected in their brains. The fmri scans showed that several clusters of connectivity between parts of those brains had strengthened during the experiment.(不出所料，击鼓组的大多数人表现出积极的行为变化。这些确实反映在他们的大脑中。功能磁共振成像扫描显示，在实验过程中，这些大脑部分之间的连接簇得到了加强)”可推知，记录青少年的行为的目的是看它与大脑变化的关系。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“As expected, most of the drumming group showed positive behavioural changes.(不出所料，击鼓组的大多数人表现出积极的行为变化)”可知，打鼓塑造了更好的行为。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Music is good for the health. And drumming may be best of all.(Not a surprise, perhaps. But an encouraging confirmation of drumming’s power to heal.)”和最后一段中“Not a surprise, perhaps. But an encouraging confirmation of drumming’s power to heal.(也许这并不奇怪。但鼓乐的治愈能力得到了鼓舞人心的证实)”可知，本文主要介绍打鼓可以帮助孩子解决情绪和行为上的困难，有助于他们控制自己的反应，更好地集中注意力，更好地沟通。所以“Drumming benefits health.(击鼓有益于健康)”有文章主要内容。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A major benefit of growing your own tomatoes is variety. If you visit a garden center, you will find seeds and small starter plants for yellow tomatoes, purple tomatoes, huge tomatoes, and even very small tomatoes.
____16____. The most important things are to give the plants plenty of water, well- draining soil, heat and light. It is best to grow tomatoes in a place that receives at least six hours of sunlight each day. Removing weeds will keep pests and diseases away while giving the plants enough nutrients to produce fruit.
Tomatoes grow best in soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 6.8. If the pH reading is lower than 6.0, you can add about 2 cups of dolomitic lime (石灰) into the soil for each plant.
If you want to grow really big tomatoes, try following these seven tips from expert growers: Select tomato seeds with names like Big Zac or Bull’s Heart. ____17____.
Start seeds early indoors and re-plant them into larger containers several times before moving them outdoors. ____18____, removing leaves from the bottom one- third of plants and burying stems up to the next set of leaves. This will produce stronger plants.
Remove new flowers that develop at the top of the plant when older fruits near the bottom begin to grow. ____19____. Pay close attention! Observe the plants daily for posts and diseases. React quickly to prevent problems.
Remove the small growths where the plant’s stems and branches meet. This will prevent them from taking away nutrients and shading developing fruit under them.
____20____ instead of letting them develop into a shorter, wider shrub (灌木).
Finally, water, fertilize and weed!
A. Plant them deep each time
B. Rich soil benefits the growth
C. Tomatoes are not difficult to grow
D. Skills are demanding in growing tomatoes
E Cut back the plants to keep only one main branch
F. They are all genetically designed to produce large fruit
G. This will force the plant to produce fewer but larger tomatoes
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何种植西红柿。
【16题详解】
下文“The most important things are to give the plants plenty of water, well- draining soil, heat and light. It is best to grow tomatoes in a place that receives at least six hours of sunlight each day.(最重要的是给植物充足的水、排水良好的土壤、热和光。最好在每天至少能接受6小时阳光照射的地方种植西红柿)”是描述如何种植西红柿，C项“西红柿不难种植”符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
上文“If you want to grow really big tomatoes, try following these seven tips from expert growers: Select tomato seeds with names like Big Zac or Bull’s Heart.(如果你想种出真正大的西红柿，试试以下专家种植者的7个建议：选择像Big Zac或Bull’s Heart这样的西红柿种子)”提到，如果想种植出大西红柿，可以选择Big Zac或Bull’s Heart这样的西红柿种子，F项“它们的基因设计都是为了结出大的果实”符合语境，F项中的“They”指代上文中的“Big Zac or Bull’s Heart”，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据空后“removing leaves from the bottom one-third of plants and burying stems up to the next set of leaves(把植物底部三分之一的叶子去掉，把茎埋到下一组叶子的地方)”可知，要把西红柿种得深一些，A项“每次都要把它们种得很深”符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
上文“Remove new flowers that develop at the top of the plant when older fruits near the bottom begin to grow.(当底部附近的较为老的果实开始生长时，移除植物顶部发育的新花)”提到，当底部附近的较为老果实开始生长时，移除植物顶部发育的新花，G项“这将迫使植物生产更少但更大的西红柿”符合语境，描述这样做的原因，故选G。
【20题详解】
根据空后“instead of letting them develop into a shorter, wider shrub (灌木)(而不是让它们长成为更短、更宽的灌木)”可知，E项“修剪植株，只保留一条主枝”符合语境，空处是描述避免让西红柿植株长成为更短、更宽的灌木的方法，故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was born two months premature with underdeveloped lungs and a heart condition. The doctors said I wouldn’t live long enough to ____21____ it out of the hospital. As the days went by, doctors couldn’t ____22____ I was still alive. They told my mom I was defying (克服) the odds. With each new day came new struggles and challenges, but also more ____23____. Everybody began to see I was a ____24____. I exceeded (超越) everyone’s expectations and was ____25____ from the hospital one month later.
Years went by and I was pretty much just like every other kid, though I went to the doctor once a month for ____26____ and that became part of my normal ____27____. However, things started to ____28____ when I was in twelfth grade. I had a constant ____29____ in my chest and I’d have to start a treatment program right away. The program was very ____30____ to the chemotherapy cancer patients go through. Should I do the treatment and ____31____ not graduating with class for missing too many days of school or should I put it off till the summer and possibly cause irreversible (不可逆转的) damage? I thought back what my grandpa always told me, “There’s always an exception, and you’re usually it”, then I had my ____32____.
I finished all the work brought to me while I was ____33____ in bed. Once again I defied the odds; I was the ____34____ to the rule. Just like that baby in the hospital all those years ago, I ____35____— even to this day — to have that same fight in me…that will to not only survive, but to succeed in everything I set my mind to as well.
21. A. put B. make C. leave D. get
22. A. expect B. tell C. believe D. suspect
23. A. luck B. trouble C. regret D. hope
24. A. victim B. survivor C. fighter D. patient
25. A. released B. deserted C. protected D. saved
26. A. checkouts B. checkups C. callbacks D. callins
27. A. routine B. activity C. duty D. business
28. A. go alright B. go downhill C. show up D. build up
29. A. care B. attention C. tension D. pain
30. A. similar B. helpful C. effective D. urgent
31. A. try B. admit C. allow D. chance
32. A. way B. desire C. decision D. feeling
33. A. awake B. stuck C. sleeping D. lying
34. A. witness B. winner C. exception D. servant
35. A. plan B. work C. happen D. continue
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者早产了两个月，肺部发育不全，心脏也有问题，但作者成功活了下来，超出了所有人的期望。多年以后，作者的身体情况再次变差，不得不住院，但作者仍然决心存活下去，并且要在做的每件事上取得成功。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生说我活不了多久，出不了医院了。A. put放置；B. make使成功；C. leave离开；D. get获得。根据上文“The doctors said I wouldn’t live long enough to”可知，医生说作者时日无多了，无法出院了，make it表示“（病痛等）好转”。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：日子一天天过去，医生们都不敢相信我还活着。A. expect期待；B. tell告诉；C. believe相信；D. suspect怀疑。根据后文“I was still alive”以及上文提到医生说作者活不了多久了，所以医生不敢相信作者还活着。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一天都有新的挣扎和挑战，但也有更多的希望。A. luck运气；B. trouble麻烦；C. regret后悔；D. hope希望。根据上文“With each new day came new struggles and challenges, but also more”中but表示转折，可知，每一天都有新的挣扎和挑战，但也有更多的希望。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都开始看到我是一个斗士。A. victim受害者；B. survivor幸存者；C. fighter战士，斗士；D. patient病人。呼应后文“that same fight in me”指每个人认为作者是一个斗士。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我超出了所有人的期望，一个月后出院了。A. released释放；B. deserted抛弃；C. protected保护；D. saved挽救。根据上文“I exceeded everyone’s expectations and was”可知，作者超出了所有人的期望，一个月后出院了，release from the hospital表示“出院”。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多年过去了，我和其他孩子没什么不同，不过我每个月去看一次医生，做一次身体检查，这成了我日常生活的一部分。A. checkouts签出，结账；B. checkups检查；C. callbacks调回；D. callins呼入。根据上文“I went to the doctor once a month for”指作者每个月去看一次医生，做一次身体检查，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多年过去了，我和其他孩子没什么不同，不过我每个月去看一次医生，做一次身体检查，这成了我日常生活的一部分。A. routine常规；B. activity活动；C. duty义务；D. business生意。上文提到作者每个月去看一次医生，做一次身体检查，这成为了作者的日常生活的一部分。故选A。
28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，当我上十二年级的时候，事情开始走下坡路。A. go alright正常；B. go downhill逐渐变坏；C. show up露面；D. build up建立。根据后文“in my chest and I’d have to start a treatment program right away”可知，事情开始变坏了，作者必须马上接受治疗。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的胸部一直疼痛，我必须马上开始治疗。A. care关心；B. attention注意力；C. tension紧张；D. pain痛苦。根据后文“in my chest and I’d have to start a treatment program right away”可知，作者要接受治疗，说明身体出现疼痛。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个项目与癌症患者所经历的化疗非常相似。A. similar相似的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. effective有效的；D. urgent紧急的。根据后文“to the chemotherapy cancer patients go through”可知，这个项目与癌症患者所经历的化疗非常相似。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该做治疗，这样就有可能因为缺课太多而不能按时毕业，还是应该推迟到夏天，这样可能会造成不可逆转的伤害？A. try尝试；B. admit承认；C. allow允许；D. chance冒险做。根据后文“not graduating with class for missing too many days of school”可知，作者在犹豫做治疗可能因为缺课太多而不能按时毕业，chance此处为动词表示“冒险做……”。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我回想起爷爷常对我说的话：“凡事总有例外，而你通常就是例外”，然后我做出了决定。A. way方法；B. desire渴望；C. decision决定；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“Once again I defied the odds; I was the”可知，作者内心下了决定，要当例外。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我困在床上时，我完成了交给我的所有工作。A. awake醒着的；B. stuck卡住的；C. sleeping睡着的；D. lying说谎的。根据后文“in bed”指作者因为生病被困在床上。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我再一次不顾困难；我是这个规则的例外。A. witness目击者；B. winner赢家；C. exception例外；D. servant仆人。呼应上文“There’s always an exception, and you’re usually it”指是规则的例外。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像多年前那个躺在医院里的婴儿一样，直到今天，我的内心仍在进行着同样的斗争，不仅要活下去，而且要在我下定决心要做的每件事上取得成功。A. plan计划；B. work工作；C. happen发生；D. continue继续。根据后文“even to this day—to have that same fight in me…that will to not only survive, but to succeed in everything I set my mind to as well.”可知，我的内心仍在进行着同样的斗争，不仅要活下去，而且要在我下定决心要做的每件事上取得成功。故选D。
第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Ning’er county, Pu’er city, Yunnan province, when the spring tea crop is about to be picked, a favorable sunny day is chosen to worship the god of tea. People show their gratitude to the god for providing them with the ideal weather conditions ____36____ (make) a living by making Pu’er, a variety of fermented (发酵) tea in Yunnan.
China boasts more than 2,000 tea products, ____37____ (main) divided into the following categories—green, yellow, dark, white, oolong, and black and reprocessed teas such as those with a floral scent. Pu’er ____38____ (fall) under the dark tea category. But debate has arisen over ____39____ this tea should be placed in ____40____ new category as it is different in many ways compared with dark tea.
Li Xingchang, 68, is the ____41____ (eight) inheritor in his family. They make quality Pu’er tea, which once ____42____ (supply) to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) court ____43____ a tribute tea, namely, gong cha. In 2009, to fulfill his promise to pass this craft on, Li established a training center for ____44____ (local). “Nine local people have since won prizes in ____45____ (nation) tea- making competitions,” said Li, adding that more than 2000 people have been trained to make Pu’er tea at the center and elsewhere over the years.
【答案】36. to make
37. mainly 38. falls
39. whether
40. a 41. eighth
42. was supplied
43. as 44. locals
45. national
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了普洱茶的相关知识。
【36题详解】
考查不定式。句意：人们感谢上帝为他们提供了理想的天气条件，让他们通过制作普洱来谋生，普洱是云南的一种发酵茶。此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to make。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国拥有2000多种茶产品，主要分为以下几类：绿茶、黄茶、深茶、白茶、乌龙茶、红茶以及带有花香的再加工茶。此处用副词修饰过去分词divided，作状语，故填mainly。
【38题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：普洱属于红茶类。此处是谓语动词，陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Pu'er 属于单数名词，谓语动词用单数，故填falls。
【39题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：但人们对这种茶是否应该被归入一个新的类别产生了争论，因为它与红茶在很多方面都不同。结合句意可知，此处是whether引导的宾语从句，故填whether。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：但人们对这种茶是否应该被归入一个新的类别产生了争论，因为它与红茶在很多方面都不同。此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，new发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
【41题详解】
考查数词。句意：68岁的李兴昌是家里的第八位继承人。定冠词the修饰序数词，此处序数词修饰名词inheritor ，作定语，故填eighth。
【42题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：他们生产优质的普洱茶，曾作为贡茶供应给清朝(1644-1911) 宫廷，即贡茶。which引导定语从句，先行词Pu'er tea，是第三人称单数，supply是谓语动词，与主语which(指代tea)是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合语境应用一般过去时，故填was supplied。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：他们生产优质的普洱茶，曾作为贡茶供应给清朝(1644-1911) 宫廷，即贡茶。as“作为”，介词，符合句意，故填as。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意： 2009年， 为了兑现将这门技艺传承下去的承诺，李为当地人建立了一个培训中心。此处名词作介词宾语，是泛指，应用复数形式，故填locals。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：自那以后，已有9名当地人在全国制茶比赛中获奖。此处形容词作定语，修饰名词tea-making competitions，故填national。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 根据下面两幅图片，请你以北极熊的身份向人类写一封求助信。

注意：
1.写作词数应80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Humans,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your forever friend,
a polar bear
【答案】Dear humans,
I’m a polar bear, your big and white friend in the north. Facing the challenge of losing precious ice land, I am writing to ask you for some ways out.
With the development of industry and cities, climate has been worsening. As the planet warms, it becomes harder for us to get food. Thus, recent years have witnessed many of my peers’ death. The loss of our species is the loss of yours. I sincerely beg for your immediate actions to protect our common home — the Earth. Only if you take strong measures, can wild animals, like me, be preserved and it is not until then that we will make a better home together.
Thanks for reading!
Your forever friend,
a polar bear
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图画作文。要求根据两幅图片，请以北极熊的身份向人类写一封求助信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
面对：face→be faced with
保护：preserve→protect
宝贵的：precious→valuable
困难的：hard→difficult
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m a polar bear, your big and white friend in the north.
拓展句：I’m a polar bear, who is your big and white friend in the north.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Facing the challenge of losing precious ice land, I am writing to ask you for some ways out. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] As the planet warms, it becomes harder for us to get food. (运用了as引导时间状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Someone Believes in You
When Marco was a boy, he tried everything to get his father’s love and attention. He worked hard to earn excellent marks; he tried to be obedient (顺从的), he chose inspiring friends and always tried to behave well.
Sensitive and shy, he always wore turtleneck shirts. He hid behind his hair, which he wore long around his face and ears. To make it worse, Marco was naturally shorter than the other kids. And because his good marks had allowed him to skip second grade — he was younger than everyone else. This added nothing to his already low self-confidence.
When Marco was eight his parents divorced, and Marco was sent to a boarding school. Six years later, he and his young sister Sandra moved in with their dad and his new wife in St-Léonard, a French Canadian and Italian neighbourhood on the east side of Montreal. Between his work and his new young wife, it felt to Marco that his father had little time for him and Sandra. Except for his demands around housework after school, there was no communication. It seemed to Marco the only time his dad ever spoke to him was to be demanding or critical. But his dad really did love him and wanted the best for him. It was his own insecurity that made him react to anything that might threaten his son’s future.
Marco sank further into his low self-respect and was overwhelmed with feeling unappreciated, inadequate, depressed and confused. He felt desperately alone and lonely. He began to fear coming home from school every day.
One day, his aunt called him. To Marco, this seemed like a miracle. Aunt Ginette usually only called once a year, on his birthday. She said she had just seen some young teenagers participate in a public speaking contest called Gala Personnalité sponsored by Club Optimiste — and she thought about him. She thought he should give it a try. She told him she firmly believed he could perform on stage like the other kids, since she had seen him do skits (小品) for the family at Christmas.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Him? On stage? In a public speaking contest?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Four months later, the big night arrived.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Him? On stage? In a public speaking contest? Marco was very surprised at the news. Hardly could he imagine himself speaking in front of a big crowd. But Aunt Ginette was so confident. She seemed really serious and insisted that it was something he could do. She truly believed in him. Feeling her strong belief, Marco went against everything he had ever experienced, and agreed to enter the contest. Once determined, he spared no efforts to practice. He was taken by an energy he had never felt before. The hours and obstacles no longer counted.
Four months later, the big night arrived. His Aunt Ginette, his sister and even his father, were all in the audience. Marco was overwhelmed with butterflies filling his stomach. But when he stepped onto the stage and began to speak, he felt totally at home, totally at peace. He was funny, witty and acted extremely natural as he spoke. The audience loved him! To his shock and amazement, he WON! When he saw his father’s face, his eyes were glowing — he was so proud. He realized then that he believed in him, just like his Aunt Ginette.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Marco虽成绩优异，但却害羞而自卑，后来父母离婚后，他与父亲和继母生活，很少与父亲交流，感到极度孤独和自卑，一天Ginette阿姨鼓励Marco参加一次公开演讲，她坚信他能像其他孩子一样在舞台上表演。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他吗？在舞台上吗？在公开演讲比赛中？”可知，第一段可描写Marco虽然对Ginette阿姨的提议感到惊讶，但是感受到了她的信念，答应参加比赛。
②由第二段首句内容“四个月后，重要的夜晚到来了。”可知，第二段可描写Marco赢得比赛，看到父亲自豪的神情，意识到父亲也像Ginette阿姨一样相信自己。
2.续写线索：
惊讶——感受到Ginette阿姨的信念——答应参赛并努力练习——赢得比赛————看到父亲自豪的神情——意识到父亲也相信自己
3.词汇激活
行为类
①参加比赛：enter the contest/compete in the contest
②走上：step onto/walk up to
③意识到：realize/be aware
情绪类
①惊讶：surprised/astonished
②紧张：be overwhelmed with butterflies filling his stomach/be nervous
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Hardly could he imagine himself speaking in front of a big crowd.（否定副词hardly位于句首引起的倒装）
[高分句型2]. She seemed really serious and insisted that it was something he could do.（由连接词that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型3]. But when he stepped onto the stage and began to speak, he felt totally at home, totally at peace.（由when引导的时间状语从句）
听力答案：1-5 CBCAC 6-10 ACABC 11-15 BBAAC 16-20 ABCBB