2023年山西省太原市第五中学中考二模英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023年山西省太原市第五中学中考二模英语试题（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了单项选择，完形填空，阅读单选，多句选词填空，短文首字母填空，材料作文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023年山西省太原市第五中学中考二模英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、单项选择
1．—Can I have a table for two for tonight?
—__________. Unluckily, all tables are booked for the night.
A．Of course B．I’m sorry C．Excuse me D．Thank you
2．—If you have free time, do you want to watch a movie with me?
—__________.
A．See you then B．Never mind C．Sounds nice D．I hope so
3．—Please show me your health code (码), either on Wechat or Alipay.
—________. Here it is.
A．It’s nothing B．Be careful C．Go ahead D．No problem
4．The development of the Optics Valley (光谷) __________ Wuhan a top city in the past years.
A．makes B．made C．has made D．will make
5．—I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.
—I __________. They aren’t serious enough.
A．agree B．agreed C．will agree D．had agreed
6．Nearly everything produced in the world __________ on the streets of Chang’an during the Tang Dynasty (朝代).
A．is found B．has been found C．would be found D．could be found
7．We can only achieve success ________ hard work.
A．across B．above C．into D．through
8．—It’s unreasonable to play it ________ if someone you’re mad about is mad about you too.
—I agree with you. It’s difficult for me to do like that.
A．cool B．calm C．clear D．normal
9．—What happened to Tom?
—His life was saved by an operation that ________ him his sight.
A．spent B．cost C．took D．paid
10．—In general, the new students are quite shy when he or she comes to a new situation, but he or she ________ be rather outgoing sometimes.
—I can’t agree with you more.
A．must B．can C．may D．should
11．—How well did David do in the game yesterday?
--Great cheers went up when he ______ in the final minute of game.
A．fell B．scored C．failed D．punished
12．—When he started looking at his watch, I got the________ and left.
—It’s very smart of you. If you continued to stay there, it would be embarrassing.
A．passage B．information C．message D．meaning
13．—How can we manage to escape from the building if there is a fire?
—There’s a door at __________ end of the hallway.
A．any B．either C．both D．all
14．—My baby sister always wakes up at night and sleeps in the day.
—That’s because she ________ days and nights.
A．mixes up B．turns on C．looks for D．takes up
15．—Excuse me, could you tell me________ ?
—Sorry, I’m new here.
A．where is the bank B．when will the bus leave
C．how can I get to the library D．why there are so many people today

二、完形填空

A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish. So, a zero-waste theme store is about 16 people with a number of everyday, practical and pleasant zero-waste products to help them start on a one-stop, zero-waste life journey.
"Zero waste" or "danshari" was first 17 by a French woman Bea Johnson. "Live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different methods to protect the earth." she said.
Yu Yuan, 27, is 18 attracted by this idea.
She and her boyfriend have lived in Beijing for many years. And earlier she used to be a customer without thinking a lot 19 she saw a video about "zero waste"
The 20 is about a family of four, and the rubbish they produce every year is placed in a jar.
After watching the video, Yu wanted to 21 this zero-waste lifestyle with her boyfriend.
Yu says that a zero-waste life 22 the 6R principle --Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Rot(腐烂）
Over August-October when Yu followed the principle of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both 23 only two cans of rubbish.
Now, the couple have opened a small 24 called The Bulk House in Nanluoguxiang, Beijing, to support a zero-waste life.
At the store they use environmentally friendly products. For example, they use wood products to replace 25 ones and prepare cloth bags printed with zero-waste logos for customers. Most of the products sold in the store can be reused, and a small number of 26 which are not recyclable can degrade（分解）. The store 27 has secondhand books and audio-visual CD/DVDs.
For used toiletries (things like soap and toothpaste that are used for cleaning yourself) there is a company which accepts them, and the couple regularly mails their waste to it.
Yu says that those who were once not 28 in the zero-waste lifestyle have gradually changed because of curiosity. The zero-waste lifestyle, she adds, is for everyone.
"It's 29 us at our fingertips." Yu expects some of her friends to 30 her on the road to zero waste. As the saying goes, many hands make light work.
16．A．offering B．providing C．giving D．affording
17．A．invented B．found C．discovered D．suggested
18．A．hardly B．luckily C．clearly D．deeply
19．A．unless B．until C．after D．when
20．A．video B．film C．article D．newspaper
21．A．experience B．change C．represent D．spend
22．A．accepts B．receives C．follows D．believes
23．A．saved B．produced C．kept D．wasted
24．A．shop B．factory C．hotel D．company
25．A．paper B．cloth C．silk D．plastic
26．A．it B．them C．their D．its
27．A．too B．either C．also D．only
28．A．proud B．worried C．amazed D．interested
29．A．behind B．around C．ahead D．above
30．A．organize B．record C．join D．encourage


三、阅读单选
Go from Fat to Fit
Some departments introduced a plan to control the obesity rate(肥胖率) among youngsters below 18. The idea is to prevent the obesity rate rising among children, and makes it drop by 70 percent. The final goal is to bring the obesity rate down to zero.
The rising obesity rate is a big health problem of children because overweight children are at higher risk of developing diabetes(糖尿病), high blood pressure and other diseases. To prevent this, schools, parents and children all need to work hard.
Kid Kicking Mother
A teenage girl quarrelled(吵架) with and kicked her mother.
It all started when the woman and her daughter boarded the wrong subway train. It set them quarrelling even though it was the mother who was carrying their bag, with the girl offering little or no help. When quarrelling, the girl kicked her mother six times. When the girl kicked her, the mother just stood there. And she had never been angry with her daughter for kicking her.
________
China’s railway system recently introduced a draft(草案) to set new standards for children discounted(打折的) tickets by age instead of height.
China’s railway system now only offers children discounted tickets based on their height. Children can ride for free when they are shorter than 1.2 meters. They can buy discounted tickets when they are taller than 1.2 meters but shorter than 1.5 meters. Children taller than 1.5 meters must pay full price.
However, according to the science research, Chinese people are growing taller thanks to the improving living conditions.
31．All the news above has something to do with ________.
A．student B．health C．teenage D．education
32．What higher risks overweight children may NOT face?
A．High blood pressure. B．Heart diseases. C．Diabetes. D．Traffic accidents.
33．The best heading for the third news would be ________.
A．Chinese Growing Taller B．Discounted Tickets by Height
C．China’s Railway’s Draft D．New Standards Out
34．Why did the girl kicked her mother?
A．Because her mother asked her to carry the bag. B．Because the daughter boarded the wrong subway.
C．Because they quarrelled with each other. D．Because her mother would never be angry with her.
35．It’s clear that tickets by age instead of height ________.
A．will help China’s Railway make more money B．will encourage children to take more trains
C．will be warmly welcomed by people D．will help more children enjoy free tickets


I was filled with doubts and worries until my grandfather told me to stand tall.
For me, height was my trouble. I was much taller than other girls, I often bent（ 弯曲） my body at the back of the line. I had always felt unsafe as the tallest student of my class in Bala Cynwyd. And I wasn't looking forward to entering the ninth grade.
My grandfather didn't laugh at me. Instead, whenever I tried to bend myself in order to appear shorter, he would tell me "Stand straight and tall, Alisa. "I trusted my grandfather more than anyone else in my childhood.  And whenever I was afraid of something,  he always told me stories of his life.
My grandfather grew up in war﹣torn（战乱的） Europe. " Stand straight, stand tall "meant something else then. After the war, he went to America. He lived a hard life,  "If they could do it， why couldn't I？""Stand straight, stand tall, "he often reminded（提醒） himself. Thanks to the help of a friend, my grandfather got a job. He once told me that he was very nervous at first． He was not only trying to learn this hard new job but also a new language.
"Stand straight, stand tall, " he would always tell himself. I am so proud of my grandfather. After listening to my grandfather’s unusual experiences, I have changed the way I look at my own life.
"Stand straight, stand tall" has become not only a piece of advice to improve my posture（身姿）.  It also tells me to be proud of who I am.
And I do.
36．Alisa often bent her body because　 　．
A．she lived a hard life
B．she was much taller than other girls
C．she always stood at the back of the line
D．she didn't want to enter the 9th grade
37．What did Alisa's grandfather do with her trouble?　 　
A．He laughed at her.
B．He asked her to bend her body.
C．He told her to stand straight and tall.
D．He advised her to stay away from her friends.
38．Alisa's grandfather's experiences　 　.
A．made her feel unsafe
B．taught her to accept herself
C．changed her attitude（态度）to her grandfather
D．told her his success completely depended on friends
39．"Stand straight， stand tall" means　 　in the passage.
A．making yourself look tall
B．taking care of yourself
C．being proud of yourself
D．reminding yourself
40．What's the best title for this passage?　 　
A．Stand straight, stand tall
B．My grandfather's life stories
C．My colorful experiences
D．The help of a friend

They hang from trees. They float in rivers and oceans. They are piled up in landfills(垃圾填埋场). Our frequent use of plastic products has, for many years, been a leading cause of serious environmental problems in the world. Last month, China drew up new guidelines(指导方针) aiming to bring plastic pollution under control across the country in five years’ time.
According to the new guidelines, the ban(禁令) on the use of non-biodegradable(不可生物降解的) plastic bags will have been applied to cities including Beijing and Shanghai by the end of this year. Other sources of plastic garbage will have been banned in these cities by the end of 2022. And that rule will have extended nationwide by late 2025.
Fortunately, China will not start from zero. Late last year, the country announced a national standard for biodegradable plastic shopping bags. It is technologically prepared for their production. Some regions have gained valuable experience that others can learn from. For example, Jilin province is leading the way by providing eco-friendly(环保的) shopping bags in some local supermarkets.
Given the size of China’s consumer market, one main obstacle(障碍) is the large number of plastic items that are being used by restaurants and e-commerce(电子商务) platforms. It’s estimated that nearly 25 billion plastic bags were used for deliveries in 2018. Most of them were rarely reused.
However, most Chinese people welcomed the government’s effort to reduce the use of plastics. “Beijing is thinking about the problem seriously,” said Tang Damin, a member of Greenpeace East Asia in Beijing. He added that the policy could be far more effective(有效) by using incentives(激励) such as a deposit(押金) return program on plastic products.
41．What does the writer want to tell us?
A．China has invented biodegradable plastic shopping bags.
B．Plastic pollution becomes more and more serious in China.
C．Greenpeace East Asia in Beijing worries about the plastic pollution.
D．China has drawn up new guidelines to reduce plastic pollution in five years.
42．According to the time line of the new guidelines, .
A．the rules will have extended nationwide by late 2025
B．plastic garbage will have been banned in Shanghai by the end of 2020
C．plastic bags won’t be allowed to be used in Beijing by the end of 2022
D．a deposit return program on plastic products will be put into practicing in 2023
43．What is the biggest challenge to follow the guidelines?
A．Most Chinese people aren’t used to using paper bags.
B．It’s hard to make effective policy to solve the problem.
C．Many supermarkets are still providing customers with plastic bags.
D．Restaurants and e-commerce platforms need large number of plastic items.
44．What does Tang Damin think of the new policy?
A．The new guidelines are not much useful.
B．People should be encouraged to follow the policy.
C．The new policy can help a lot to develop Greenpeace.
D．Beijing is thinking about the plastic pollution seriously.
45．After reading the passage, we can infer that .
A．people will order more take-out food
B．plastic bags will be widely reused in the world
C．biodegradable plastic shopping bags will become popular
D．there will be more people using paper products in the future


四、多句选词填空
仔细阅读下面五个句子，然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使每个句子在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。（提示：方框中有二个单词或短语是多余的。）
thirsty / products / won / called in / spread / moved / came in
46．One day, a doctor was to examine the king.
47．The piece which was played on the erhu especially me.
48．China is good at making high-technology that people can buy everywhere.
49．You were all so full of energy and for knowledge.
50．Amy recently a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society.


五、短文首字母填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you h 51 of “third-hand” smoke?
Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces(表面) of things around, 1 52 furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco(烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette(香烟) has been put out. This can c 53 a great danger to your family, especially younger children.
B 54 are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is because they are often close to surfaces of things, such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t 55 these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to r 56 third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict r 57 for forbidding(禁止) smoking inside homes should be carried out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes outside the h 58 . Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f 59 smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house.
Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby. Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn’t mean he or she is s 60 . Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.


六、材料作文
61．青少年是祖国的未来。请根据以下提示，以“Be a Virtue Teenager”为题，用英语写一篇倡议书，号召大家积极争做“美德少年”。内容要点如下：
1.在学校：努力学习知识，养成良好的学习习惯；
2.在家里：经常与家人交流，感恩父母，分担家务；
3.在社会：遵守规则，在公共场合不要大声喧哗；
4.在网络：文明上网，了解世界；
5.发表你的观点。
注意：1.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；2.词数：60-80；3.内容连贯，不要逐条翻译；4.标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：book v.订         online adv.线上      book review读书心得
Be a Virtue Teenager
Teenagers are the future of our motherland and what should we do to become a virtue teenager?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：——今晚我能定一个两人桌吗？——抱歉。不幸的是，今晚所有桌都被预定了。
考查情景交际。Of course当然；I’m sorry抱歉；Excuse me打扰一下；Thank you谢谢。根据“Unluckily, all tables are booked for the night.”可知由于桌子都被预定了，所以很抱歉地告诉对方。故选B。
2．C
【详解】句意：——如果你有空，你想和我一起看电影吗？——听起来不错。
考查情景交际。See you then到时候见；Never mind没关系；Sounds nice听起来不错；I hope so但愿如此。根据“do you want to watch a movie with me?”可知，这里是邀请，因此用“Sounds nice”来回答。故选C。
3．D
【详解】句意：——请出示您的健康码，微信或者支付宝都可以。——没问题。给你。
考查情景交际。It’s nothing没什么；Be careful小心；Go ahead去吧；No problem没问题。根据“Here it is.”可知同意出示健康码，用“No problem”符合语境。故选D。
4．C
【详解】句意：光谷的发展使武汉在过去的几年里成为了一个顶级城市。
考查现在完成时。根据“in the past years”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，故选C。
5．A
【详解】句意：——我认为16岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。——我同意。他们不够认真。
考查时态。根据“ They aren’t serious enough.”结合语境可知此处表达自己的想法，用一般现在时。故选A。
6．D
【详解】句意：在唐朝，几乎所有世界上生产的东西都可以在长安街上找到。
考查被动语态。“everything”与“find”之间存在被动关系，要用被动语态；根据“Nearly everything produced in the world … on the streets of Chang’an during the Tang Dynasty”可知，此句表示能够在长安找到，用could be found。故选D。
7．D
【详解】句意：我们只有通过努力工作才能取得成功。
考查介词辨析。across横穿，穿过；above在……以上；into到……里面；through通过。根据“We can only achieve success ... hard work.”可知，“通过”努力才能取得成功，应用through。故选D。
8．A
【详解】句意：——如果你生气的人也在生你的气，你装酷是不理智的。——我同意。我很难做到那样。
考查形容词辨析。cool酷的；calm镇静的；clear清晰的；normal正常的。根据“It’s unreasonable to play it…if someone you’re mad about is mad about you too.”可知是指如果你生气的人也在生你的气，你装酷是不理智的。故选A。
9．B
【详解】句意：——汤姆怎么了？——手术挽救了他的生命，但夺去了他的视力。
考查动词辨析。spend花费，人作主语，spend+金钱+on sth.意为“在某物上花费金钱”；cost花费，物作主语；take花费，常用“It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”句型；pay支付，常用pay for结构，主语是人。根据题干，可知that指代的是“an operation”，为物，所以用cost。故选B。
10．B
【详解】句意：——总的来说，新生在来到一个新的环境时，他或她是很害羞的，但他或她有时也会很外向。——我再同意你不过了。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须；can会；may可能；should应该。根据“the new students are quite shy when he or she comes to a new situation, but he or she…be rather outgoing sometimes.”可知是新生到新环境是害羞的，有的时候也会外向，can“会”，表示客观存在的可能性。符合语境，故选B。
11．B
【详解】句意：——昨天戴维在比赛中表现如何？——当他在比赛的最后一分钟进球时，全场爆发出热烈的欢呼声。
考查动词辨析。fell摔倒，scored进球得分，failed失败，punished惩罚。根据“Great cheers went up”可知，全场热烈欢呼，应是他进球得分了，故选B。
12．C
【详解】句意：——当他开始看表的时候，我明白了，就离开了。——你真聪明。如果你继续待在那里，会很尴尬的。
考查名词辨析。passage段落；information信息，指普通的信息；message信息，可指人通过观察、阅读或与人交往所获得的任何信息，但不一定都准确；meaning意思。根据“When he started looking at his watch, I got the...and left.”可知他开始看手表是说话人离开的信息，此处表示观察得来的信息，应用message，故选C。
13．B
【详解】句意：——如果大楼着火了，我们怎么逃出去呢？——在走廊两头都有门。
考查代词辨析。any（三者或三者以上）任何一个；either（两者中）任何一个；both两者都；all（三者或三者以上）都。根据“end of the hallway”可知，走廊只有两头，either end of the hallway“走廊两头”。故选B。
14．A
【详解】句意：——我的小妹妹总是晚上醒来，白天睡觉。——那是因为她把白天和晚上弄混了。
考查动词短语辨析。mixes up混淆；turns on打开；looks for寻找；takes up开始从事。根据“My baby sister always wakes up at night and sleeps in the day”可知她把白天和晚上弄混了。故选A。
15．D
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我今天为什么会有这么多人吗？——对不起，我是新来的。
考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句要用陈述语序，A、B、C项均为疑问语序。D项为there be结构的陈述语序，故选D。

16．B 17．D 18．D 19．B 20．A 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．C

【分析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述如今出现了“零废物”这样的活动，一个叫余元的人也加入了这个活动，并讲述了她为这个活动所做的事情。最后余元希望更多的朋友加入这个活动。
16．句意“所以零废物主题商店是关于给人们提供大量每日的、实用的、舒适的零浪费产品来帮助他们开始“一站式”零浪费生活旅程。本题考查动词辨析。A.提供，用offer sb sth结构；B.提供，用provide sb with sth结构；C.给，用give sb sth结构；D.支付得起。根据句意可知，译为提供，且根据空后people with...可知，故选B。
17．句意“零废物首先被一个法国妇女贝亚约翰逊提议的”。本题考查动词辨析。A.发明；B.寻找；C.发现；D.建议，提议。根据"Live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different methods to protect the earth." she said可知，这个提议是她提出来的，故选D。
18．句意“余元，27岁，深深地被这个主意吸引了”。本题考查副词辨析。A.几乎不；B.幸运地；C.清晰地；D.深深地。根据下文可知，余元开始过“零废物的生活”，所以她被深深地吸引了，故选D。
19．句意“在早期，他过去是一个不会想太多的顾客，直到她看到了一个关于“零废物”的视频”。本题考查连词辨析。A.除非（引导条件状语从句）；B.直到（引导时间状语从句）；C.在……之后（引导时间状语从句）；D.当……时候（引导时间状语从句）。根据句意可知，译为“直到她看了零废物这个视频”，故选B。
20．句意“这个视频是关于一个四口之家，他们每年生产的垃圾放在一个罐子里”。本题考查名词辨析。A.视频；B.电影；C.文章；D.报纸。根据And earlier she used to be. a customer without thinking a lot. ___4___ she saw a video about "zero waste"可知，表示“视频”，故选A。
21．句意“看了这个视频之后，余想要和她的男朋友体验这个“零废物”的生活方式”。本题考查动词辨析。A.体验；B.改变；C.代表；D.花费。根据Over August-October when Yu followed the principle of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both ___8___ only two cans of rubbish可知，她和她的男朋友体验这种生活方式，故选A。
22．句意“余说，一个零废物生活遵循6R原则：拒绝、减少、重复使用、修理、回收和腐烂”。本题考查动词辨析。A.接受；B.接收；C.遵循；D.相信。根据句意可知，译为“遵守6R原则”，故选C。
23．句意“当余遵循零废物的6R原则的8月至10月间，她和她的男朋友乔哈里共同生产了两罐垃圾”。本题考查动词辨析。A.节约；B.生产；C.保持；D.浪费。根据The ___5___ is about a family of four, and the rubbish they produce every year is placed in a jar可知，表示“生产两罐垃圾”，故选B。
24．句意“现在，这对夫妻已经在北京的南锣鼓巷开了一个The Bulk House的小商店来支持一个零废物生活”。本题考查名词辨析。A.商店；B.工厂；C.宾馆；D.公司。根据At the store they use environmentally friendly products可知，他们开设了一个小的商店，故选A。
25．句意“他们使用木制产品来代替塑料产品，并且为顾客准备印有零废物标志的布袋”。本题考查名词辨析。A.纸；B.布；C.丝绸；D.塑料。根据Most of the products sold in the store can be reused, and a small number of ___11___which are not recyclable can degrade可知，商店的东西都是可以再一次利用的，有些东西不能回收但是容易分解，根据常识可知，塑料很难分解，故选D。
26．句意“商店里卖的大部分产品能够再一次被利用，一小部分不能循环利用但是能够分解”。本题考查代词辨析。A.它（人称代词主格和宾格）；B.他们（人称代词宾格）；C.他们的（形容词性物主代词）；D.它的（形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词）。根据句意可知，空处代指“产品”，且根据a number of可知，空处用名词的复数，故选B。
27．句意“这个商店也有二手的书籍和视听CD和DVD”。too也，用于肯定句句末，且用逗号隔开；either也，用于否定句句末；C.也，用于句中；D.仅仅。根据句子可知，空处位于句中，且译为“也”，故选C。
28．句意“余说那些曾经对零废物生活方式不感兴趣的人由于好奇已经渐渐地在改变”。本题考查形容词辨析。A.骄傲的；B.担心的；C.惊讶的；D.感兴趣的。根据句意可知，表示对它不感兴趣。be interested in对……感兴趣，故选D。
29．句意“它就在我们的指尖周围”。本题考查介词辨析。A.在……后面；B.在……周围；C.在前面；D.在……上面。根据句意可知，表示“在指尖周围”。故选B。
30．句意“余期望她的一些朋友在零废物的道路上能加入她”。本题考查动词辨析。A.组织；B.记录；C.加入；D.鼓励。根据句意可知，表示“加入她”，故选C。
【点睛】做完型填空时，首先要通读课文，明白主旨大意，然后再做题。做完型时要记住“瞻前顾后想结果”这一原则，根据上下文以及语境做题，切忌主观臆断。另外，平时还要多多积累词汇。完型填空常考名词、动词、形容词和副词等辨析。做词义辨析题时，首先要确认四个选项的含义，然后分析语境和逻辑关系，确定答案。
31．C 32．D 33．C 34．C 35．C

【导语】本文是三则新闻，分别涉及了青少年肥胖问题；孩子踢妈妈的细节以及按身高分类的折扣票。
31．细节理解题。根据“Some departments introduced a plan to control the obesity rate(肥胖率) among youngsters below 18.”可知是要控制18岁以下青少年的肥胖率；根据“A teenage girl quarrelled(吵架) with and kicked her mother.”可知是十几岁的女孩和母亲吵架并踢了母亲一脚；根据“China’s railway system recently introduced a draft(草案) to set new standards for children discounted(打折的) tickets by age instead of height.”可知是中国铁路系统为儿童制定的打折标准，故可知三则新闻都与青少年有关，故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“The rising obesity rate is a big health problem of children because overweight children are at higher risk of developing diabetes(糖尿病), high blood pressure and other diseases.”可知超重儿童会面对糖尿病、高血压和其他疾病的风险，没有提及交通事故，故选D。
33．主旨大意题。根据“China’s railway system recently introduced a draft(草案) to set new standards for children discounted(打折的) tickets by age instead of height.”可知这则新闻应是是说中国铁路出台的关于儿童根据年龄打折的草案，故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据“When quarrelling, the girl kicked her mother six times.”可知是吵架的时候，女孩踢了妈妈，故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据“However, according to the science research, Chinese people are growing taller thanks to the improving living conditions.”可知随着生活条件的改善，人们越来越高，可得出按照身高来打折会不合理，故可推测按照年龄打折会受欢迎，故选C。
36．B 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．A

【分析】本文主要讲述的是作者重拾自信的故事。作者个子很高，所以经常弯腰，让自己看起来很矮。这时候爷爷就会告诉她站直了，之后作者也领会到了这句话的精髓，变得非常自信。
36．细节理解题。根据文中句子I was much taller than other girls, so I often bent（ 弯曲） my body at the back of the line.我比其他女孩要高得多，所以我经常在队伍后面弯着腰。可知作者之所以弯腰，是因为自己很高，故答案选B。
37．细节理解题。根据My grandfather didn't laugh at me. Instead, whenever I tried to bend myself in order to appear shorter, he would tell me "Stand straight and tall, Alisa.我爷爷没有嘲笑我。相反，每当我试图弯腰让自己显得更矮时，他都会告诉我：“挺直腰板，艾丽莎。”可知爷爷不仅没有嘲笑作者，还会鼓励她站直了。故答案选C。
38．细节理解题。根据 "Stand straight, stand tall" has become not only a piece of advice to improve my posture. It also tells me to be proud of who I am.“站直了，站高了”已经不仅仅是一条改善我的姿势的建议，它也告诉我要为自己感到骄傲。可知爷爷的这句话使作者提高了自信，故答案选B。
39．细节理解题。根据 "Stand straight, stand tall" has become not only a piece of advice to improve my posture. It also tells me to be proud of who I am.“站直了，站高了”已经不仅仅是一条改善我的姿势的建议，它也告诉我要为自己感到骄傲。故选C。
40．主旨归纳题。根据短文内容可知，作者在不自信的时候，爷爷都会说“Stand straight, stand tall.”这句话是本文的核心内容，教会了作者要自信，故答案选A。
41．D 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．C

【分析】本文介绍了塑料制品的频繁使用一直是世界上严重环境问题的主要原因，就此中国起草了新的指导方针，旨在五年内控制全国塑料污染。这项指导方针首先在北京上海等城市实施，到2025年底，将扩展到全国。中国还宣布了生物降解塑料购物袋的国家标准，它在技术上为它们的生产做好了准备。但是遵循指导方针也存在一些挑战，最大的挑战是餐馆和电子商务平台需要大量塑料制品，所以想要这项政策的效果更好，还需其他激励措施的配合。
41．细节理解题，根据第一段Last month, China drew up new guidelines aiming to bring plastic pollution under control across the country in five years' time.（上个月，中国起草了新的指导方针，旨在五年内控制全国塑料污染）可知，多年来，我们对塑料制品的频繁使用一直是世界上严重环境问题的主要原因，中国已经制定了新的指导方针，在五年内减少塑料污染。结合选项，A.中国发明了可生物降解的塑料购物袋；B.我国塑料污染日趋严重；C.北京的绿色和平东亚分部担心塑料污染；D.中国已经制定了新的指导方针，在五年内减少塑料污染，故选D。
42．细节理解题，根据第二段And that rule will have extended nationwide by late 2025.（到2025年底，这一规定将扩展到全国）可知，到2025年底，这些规定将扩展到全国。根据新指导方针的时间表，到2025年底，这些规定将扩展到全国。结合选项，A.到2025年底，这些规定将扩展到全国；B.到2020年底，上海将禁止使用塑料垃圾；C.到2022年底，北京将不允许使用塑料袋；D.2023年将实施塑料制品押金返还计划，故选A。
43．细节理解题，根据第四段Given the size of China's consturner market, one main obstacle is the large number of plastic items that are being used by restaurants and e-commerce platfoms.（考虑到中国消费者市场的规模，一个主要障碍是餐厅和电子商务平台使用的大量塑料制品）可知，遵循指导方针最大的挑战是餐馆和电子商务平台需要大量塑料制品。结合选项，A.大多数中国人不习惯用纸袋；B.很难制定有效的政策来解决这个问题；C.许多超市仍在为顾客提供塑料袋；D.餐馆和电子商务平台需要大量塑料制品，故选D。
44．细节理解题，根据最后一段“Beijing is thinking about the problem seriously.”said Tang Damin, a member of Greenpeace East Asia in Beijing. He added that the policy could be far more effetive by using incentives such as a deposit return program on plastic products.（北京正在认真考虑这个问题，”绿色和平东亚分部驻北京的成员唐大民说。他补充说，通过对塑料产品实行押金返还计划等激励措施，这项政策的效果可能会好得多）可知，唐大民说北京正在认真考虑塑料污染问题，如果通过对塑料产品实行押金返还计划等激励措施，这项政策的效果可能会好得多。结合选项，A.新的指导方针用处不大；B.应该鼓励人们遵守这项政策；C.新政策对发展绿色和平有很大帮助；D.北京正在认真考虑塑料污染问题，故选B。
45．细节推理题，根据第三段“幸运的是，中国不会从零开始。去年年底，中国宣布了生物降解塑料购物袋的国家标准。它在技术上为它们的生产做好了准备。一些地区获得了宝贵的经验，其他地区可以借鉴。例如，吉林省率先在一些地方超市提供环保购物袋”可推断出，生物可降解塑料购物袋将成为流行。结合选项，A.人们会点更多外卖食品；B.塑料袋将在世界范围内广泛使用；C.生物可降解塑料购物袋将成为流行；D.将来会有更多的人使用纸制品，故选C。
46．called in 47．moved 48．products 49．thirsty 50．won

【解析】46．句意：一天，一位医生被请来为国王做检查。根据“a doctor was...to examine the king”可知，一位医生被请来为国王做检查，called in“召来”符合语境，故填called in。
47．句意：这首用二胡演奏的曲子特别让我感动。根据“The piece which was played on the erhu especially...me.”可知，二胡演奏的曲子打动了我，moved“感动，打动”符合语境，故填moved。
48．句意：中国擅长制造人们在任何地方都能买到的高科技产品。根据“China is good at making high-technology...”可知，是制作高科技产品，products“产品”符合语境，故填products。
49．句意：你们都充满了活力和对知识的渴望。根据“You were all so full of energy and...for knowledge.”可知，是充满对知识的渴望，thirsty“渴望的”，be thirsty for“对……充满渴望”，故填thirsty。
50．句意：艾米最近获得了“帮助拯救地球协会”的奖励。根据“Amy recently...a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society.”可知，是赢得奖励，won“赢得，获得”，在句中作谓语，故填won。

51．(h)eard 52．(l)ike 53．(c)ause 54．(B)abies 55．(t)ouch 56．(r)efuse 57．(r)ules 58．(h)ouse 59．(f)inishes 60．(s)afe

【导语】本文介绍的是三手烟的危害以及如何减少三手烟的危害。
51．句意：但是你听说过“三手烟”吗？根据“But have you…of ‘third-hand’ smoke?”可知与前面是转折关系，结合所给首字母，可知应是hear of“听说”，由前面have可知，此处要用现在完成时，故填(h)eard。
52．句意：三手烟是指残留在周围物品表面的污染，比如家具或衣服。根据“Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces(表面) of things around…urniture or clothes.”可知空后是举的例子，结合首字母，可知应填like“像”，故填(l)ike。
53．句意：这会对你的家人，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。根据“This can…a great danger to your family, especially younger children.”可知此处说的是留在表面的污染会造成危险，结合所给首字母，可知应填cause“造成”，由can可知情态动词后加动词原形，故填(c)ause。
54．句意：婴儿更容易受到三手烟的伤害。根据“This can…a great danger to your family, especially younger children.”以及“This is because they are often close to surfaces of things, such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain”可知此处应是说婴儿更容易受到伤害，因为他们通常靠近物体的表面，结合所给首字母可知应填baby“婴儿”，由are可知要用复数，且位于句首，首字母大写，故填(B)abies。
55．句意：当他们接触到这些表面时，他们的手就被污染了。根据“they get their hands polluted”可知应是触摸表面的时候，手会被污染，结合首字母可知应是touch“触摸”，通读全文可知是一般现在时，主语为they，故要用动词原形，故填(t)ouch。
56．句意：因此，拒绝三手烟是必要和重要的。根据“This can…a great danger to your family, especially younger children…are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke.”可知三手烟有危害，故拒绝三手烟很必要，结合所给首字母，可知应填refuse“拒绝”，由“it is necessary and important to…third-hand smoke”可知此处是it is+形容词+to do“做某事是……的”，故填动词原形，故填(r)efuse。
57．句意：为了实现这一目标，应该制定严格的规定，禁止在家中吸烟。“To achieve this, strict…for forbidding(禁止) smoking inside homes should be carried out.”可知应是实施禁止吸烟的规则，结合所给首字母，可知用rule“规则”，空前没有冠词，故要用复数，故填(r)ules。
58．句意：请确保他在屋外抽烟。根据“To achieve this, strict…for forbidding(禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out”可知屋内禁止吸烟，故要在屋外抽烟，结合首字母，可知空处应填house“屋子”，且前面有the，故填(h)ouse。
59．句意：给他一件特殊的夹克和帽子，这样一旦他抽完烟，他就会在进屋前把它们摘下来。根据“Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he…smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house.”可知应是抽完烟，把夹克和帽子脱掉，结合首字母，可知应填finish“完成”，通读全文可知是一般现在时，主语为he，故要用动词单三形式，故填(f)inishes。
60．句意：很多时候，你看不到烟雾对你的孩子造成伤害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。根据“you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn’t mean he or she is…”可知此处应填形容词作表语，前面说的是看不见危害，由but可知是转折关系，故后面有应是不意味着安全，结合首字母可知应填safe“安全的”，故填(s)afe。
61．例文：
Be a Virtue Teenager
Teenagers are the future of our motherland and what should we do to become a virtue teenager?
To begin with, we should study hard and form good learning habits. It’s our duty to help parents share housework at home and communicate with them. We should always be thankful for what our parents have done for us. What’s more, we must obey the rules in public and don’t speak loudly. In addition, when surfing the Internet, be a polite netizen and make use of it to know what’s going on around the world.
I sincerely hope everyone can join us and try to be a virtue teenager.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏已给出的关键信息，写倡议书号召大家积极争做“美德少年”。
[写作步骤]
第一步，引出话题，如何成为美德少年；
第二步，具体介绍如何做；
第三步，发出倡议。
[亮点词汇]
①form good learning habits 养成良好的学习习惯
②communicate with sb. 与某人交流
③obey the rules 遵守规则
④surf the Internet 上网
[高分句型]
①It’s our duty to help parents share housework at home and communicate with them.（it固定句式）
②In addition, when surfing the Internet, be a polite netizen and make use of it to know what’s going on around the world.（when引导时间状语从句；主句是祈使句的肯定形式；what引导的宾语从句）