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北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了 7， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市朝阳区2022～2023学年度第二学期期末质量检测
高一英语
2023. 7
(考试时间100分钟 满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
After six months of dating, my partner Gabe and I were taking our first road trip. Both of us were adventurous, and we couldn’t wait to go ____1____ and exploring.
At around 5:30 pm, we were ____2____ on a mountain road named Crowsnest Highway. We didn’t know the recent flooding in the area. When texting my mom, I happened to look up from my____3____and saw a wave of mud (泥浆) and a huge tree coming down the mountain, right in front of our car. Gabe tried to stop, but it was too ____4____. The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300meters down a rocky cliff(悬崖)and our car landed on its side among some trees.
I didn’t know how long we were unconscious (昏迷的). Not ____5____, we were injured seriously. Suffering the huge pain, we both managed to move out of the ____6____ car. Then, we sat on a rock and considered our choices. We couldn’t get a ____7____ on our cell phones, so all we could do was shout for help. Luckily, someone ____8____. Four passers-by spotted us and called 911.When medical workers got to our side, they loaded us into separate emergency vehicles. I was in the hospital for ten days while they kept Gabe for six weeks. I was told I would not walk as a normal person for the rest of my life and Gabe lost ____9____ in his left eye.
Before all this happened, we were happy-go-lucky people. Strangely enough, the accident has made us even more ____10____. Despite the injuries we suffered, we’re thankful that we’re still alive. The experience also made us closer. A year after the accident, we even drove back to the Crowsnest Highway as a newly married couple.
1. A. boating B. cycling C. running D. hiking
2. A. driving B. jogging C. walking D. riding
3. A. book B. phone C. car D. computer
4. A. early B. long C. late D. heavy
5. A. exactly B. clearly C. necessarily D. surprisingly
6. A. crashed B. used C. repaired D. parked
7 A. word B. picture C. signal D. message
8. A. hesitated B. responded C. promised D. refused
9. A. touch B. smell C. sight D. hearing
10. A. careful B. disappointed C. puzzled D. positive
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者和她的伴侣盖比开启了第一次公路之旅。可是在途中却遭遇事故，二人重伤。尽管如此，二人并没有因此而灰心，面对生活二人反而更加积极，同时二人的关系也更加亲密。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：约会六个月后，我和我的伴侣盖比开始了我们的第一次公路旅行。我们俩都喜欢冒险，迫不及待地想去远足和探险。A. boating划船；B. cycling骑自行车；C. running跑步；D. hiking远足。根据前文“my partner Gabe and I were taking our first road trip”可知，作者迫不及待地想去远足和探险。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午5点30分左右，我们行驶在一条名为“皇冠公路”的山路上。A. driving驾驶；B. jogging慢跑；C. walking步行；D. riding骑行。根据后文“right in front of our car.”可知，作者开车行驶在一条名为“皇冠公路”的山路上。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我给妈妈发短信的时候，我碰巧从手机上抬起头来，看到一股泥浆和一棵大树从山上滚下来，就在我们的车前面。A. book书；B. phone电话；C. car汽车；D. computer计算机。根据前文“texting my mom”可知，当作者给妈妈发短信的时候，碰巧从手机上抬起头来，看到一股泥浆和一棵大树从山上滚下来。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：盖比试图阻止，但已经太晚了。A. early早的；B. long长的；C. late晚的；D. heavy重的。根据后文“The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300meters down a rocky cliff(悬崖)and our car landed on its side among some trees.”可知，泥石流已经把作者的车从近300米高的悬崖上摔了下来，盖比试图阻止，但已经太晚了。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫不奇怪，我们受了重伤。A. exactly确切地；B. clearly清楚地；C. necessarily必要地；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据前文“I didn’t know how long we were unconscious”可知，作者也不知道他们昏迷了多久，所以不足为奇地是，作者和伴侣受了重伤。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：忍受着巨大的痛苦，我们俩都设法从撞坏的车里爬了出来。A. crashed撞车；B. used使用；C. repaired修理；D. parked停车。根据前文“The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300meters down a rocky cliff(悬崖)and our car landed on its side among some trees.”可知，泥石流已经把作者的车从近300米高的悬崖上摔了下来，故车应该是被撞坏的。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的手机收不到信号，所以我们所能做的就是大声呼救。A. word词；B. picture图片；C. signal信号；D. message信息。根据后文“so all we could do was shout for help”可知，因为手机没信号，所以只能大声呼救。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，有人回应了。A. hesitated犹豫；B. responded回应；C. promised承诺；D. refused拒绝。根据前文“We couldn’t get a ____7____ on our cell phones, so all we could do was shout for help.”可知，作者和伴侣大声求救，幸运的是，有人回应了。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被告知，在我的余生中，我将无法像正常人一样走路，盖比的左眼也失明了。A. touch触觉；B. smell嗅觉；C. sight视觉；D. hearing听力。根据“in his left eye”可知，盖比的左眼也失明了。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，这次事故反而使我们更加乐观了。A. careful小心的；B. disappointed失望的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“Despite the injuries we suffered, we’re thankful that we’re still alive. The experience also made us closer.”可知，尽管作者和同伴受了伤，但作者很庆幸他们还活着。这次经历也让他们更亲密了，由此推断事故让他们变得更积极乐观了。故选D。
第二节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并使用其正确形式填空。
come up with put out take part in take action make a difference to be covered with
end up be stuck in in spite of in addition to
11. ________creating things, science creates ideas.
12. Having a good teacher________students career paths.
13. After a heated discussion, we________a new idea for the art festival.
14. The wind blew in from the desert yesterday. Now, everything________.
15. Many athletes from around the world will________the upcoming Olympics.
16. The rescue teams couldn’t arrive on time because the car wheels________the mud.
17. We must________to stop the harmful effects of passive smoking on people’s health.
18. Firefighters could do dangerous jobs like________fires or working on high buildings.
19. The scientists insisted on carrying out the experiment________all kinds of difficulties.
20. If you don’t know what you want, you might________getting something you don’t want.
【答案】11. In addition to
12. makes a difference to
13. came up with
14. is covered with
15. take part in
16. were stuck in
17. take action
18. putting out
19. in spite of
20. end up
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：除了创造事物，科学还创造思想。根据句意可知，此处表示“除了……（还）”，为短语in addition to，句首单词首字母大写，故填In addition to。
【12题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：有一个好老师对学生的职业道路有很大的影响。根据句意可知，此处表示“对……产生影响”，为短语make a difference to，主语是Having a good teacher，看成第三人称单数，且句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，故填makes a difference to。
【13题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：经过激烈的讨论，我们为艺术节想出了一个新主意。根据句意可知，此处表示“想出”，为动词短语come up with，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填came up with。
【14题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：昨天一股大风从沙漠吹来。现在，所有的东西都被覆盖了（昨天，沙尘天气袭来，现在所有的物体表面都盖上了一层细沙）。根据句意可知，此处表示“被覆盖”为动词短语be covered with，Now表明句子描述的是现在的事实，应用一般现在时，主语是everything，be动词应用is，故填is covered with。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：许多来自世界各地的运动员将参加即将到来的奥运会。根据句意可知，此处表示“参加”为动词take part in，由will可知，动词take应用原形，故填take part in。
【16题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：救援队无法按时到达，因为车轮陷在泥里了。根据句意可知，此处表示“陷在”为动词短语be stuck in，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语是复数，be动词应用were，故填were stuck in。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我们必须采取行动，制止被动吸烟对人们健康的有害影响。根据句意可知，此处表示“采取行动”为动词短语take action，由must可知，动词take应用原形，故填take action。
【18题详解】
考查动词短语。句意： 消防员可以做一些危险的工作，比如灭火或者高空作业。根据句意可知，此处表示“扑灭”为动词短语put out，由介词like可知，动词put应用动名词形式，故填putting out。
【19题详解】
考查介词短语。句意： 尽管困难重重，科学家们还是坚持进行实验。根据句意可知，此处表示“尽管”为介词短语in spite of，故填in spite of。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果你不知道你想要什么，你可能最终会得到你不想要的东西。根据句意可知，此处表示“以……结束”为动词短语end up，由might可知，动词end应用原形，故填end up。
第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
21. I could get you a job here if that’s ________you want. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：如果你想要的话，我可以在这里给你找份工作。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。表语从句中缺少宾语，且意义为“……的事物”，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
22. The girl came into the house,________(carry) a lot of books. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】carrying
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩走进房子，手里拿着很多书。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语The girl之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填carrying。
23. We managed________(overcome) the difficulties in learning English. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to overcome
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们设法克服了学习英语的困难。manage to do sth.固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”，故填to overcome。
24. Dr. Brown is a senior professor________views are widely respected. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：布朗博士是一位资深教授，他的观点受到广泛尊重。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为professor，因空白处在从句中作定语，使用关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
25. China’s Shaanxi History Museum is well worth________(visit). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】visiting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的陕西历史博物馆非常值得一看。be worth doing固定搭配，意为“值得做”，故填visiting。
26. There are many reasons________English is so widely used around the world. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】why
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：英语在世界范围内被广泛使用有很多原因。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，且从句中缺少原因状语，应用关系副词why来引导定语从句，故填why。
27. This small mountain village is a beautiful place________I spent my childhood. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个小山村是我度过童年的一个美丽的地方。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词place，且从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导定语从句，故填where。
28. It is important to avoid________(waste) time and make good use of every minute. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】wasting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：避免浪费时间，好好利用每一分钟是很重要的。avoid doing固定搭配，意为“避免做”，故填wasting。
29. ________(see) from the top of the tower, our city looks more beautiful. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Seen
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从塔顶上看，我们的城市看起来更漂亮了。句中有谓语looks，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语our city和动词see是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Seen。
30. May 30, 2023 is a memorable day, ________the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship was launched successfully. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：2023年5月30日是一个值得纪念的日子，在这一天神舟十六号载人飞船成功发射。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词day，且从句中缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when来引导定语从句，故填when。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The National Gallery of Art is a public art museum in Washington, D.C. It contains a large collection of paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, and other works of art. Come and enjoy some wonderful shows.
Present Exhibitions
Going Through Hell: The Divine Dante
April 9—July 16, 2023
West Building, Main Floor, Gallery 10-11
Dante was an Italian poet and writer. His Divine Comedy has been one of the most powerful works in western literature for over 700 years. Come and explore the impacts of this great work in the collection of some 20 works, including the early prints of Divine Comedy, drawings on paper from the 15th to 20th century and more.
Drawing in Britain, 1700-1900: New Additions to the Collection
April 2—August 6, 2023
West Building, Ground Floor
This exhibition includes about 80 recently acquired artworks. You can see not only traditional landscape paintings, but also many life-like portraits(肖像) and paintings of historical scenes.
These pieces are sure to give you an understanding of British art over two centuries.
Philip Guston Now
March 2—August 27, 2023
East Building, Hall
Philip Guston is one of America’s most influential modern artists, famous in his time and in ours. Through more than 150 paintings and drawings, you can get a sense of the change of his artistic style through the years. His works continue to raise thoughts about beauty, freedom, and more.
Opening Times
The National Gallery of Art is open from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm, including public holidays. Last admission is at 4:00 pm, one hour before closing.
Parking
There is no public parking at the National Gallery of Art, but limited parking spaces are set aside for visitors with disabilities. Parking is available on surrounding streets and in commercial garages.
If you have any questions, please call (202)737–4215 or send us an email at visit@nga. gov.
31. What can you see in the National Gallery of Art?
A. The 20 works of Dante. B. Phillip Guston’s works of literature
C. Newly gained British artworks. D. Landscape paintings of Washington, D.C.
32. The National Gallery of Art________.
A. admits visitors from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm
B. contains the largest art collection in the US
C. offers enough car parking spaces for visitors
D. shows the 17th-century paintings in the East Btilding
33. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To spread art knowledge.
B. To describe works of world-famous artists.
C. To introduce worldwide wonderful exhibitions.
D. To give information about a public art museum.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。国家美术馆是华盛顿特区的一个公共艺术博物馆。它收藏了大量的绘画、版画、素描、照片和其他艺术作品。文章主要介绍了国家美术馆的相关信息。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据West Building, Ground Floor部分下面“This exhibition includes about 80 recently acquired artworks. (这次展览包括近期获得的大约80件艺术品。)”和“These pieces are sure to give you an understanding of British art over two centuries.(这些作品一定会让你对两个世纪以来的英国艺术有所了解。)”可知，在国家美术馆你能看到新获得的英国艺术品。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据Opening Times部分下面的“The National Gallery of Art is open from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm, including public holidays. Last admission is at 4:00 pm, one hour before closing.(国家美术馆开放时间为上午10:00至下午5:00，包括公众假期。最后一次入场时间是下午四点，离关门还有一个小时。)”可知，国家美术馆上午10:00至下午4:00接纳访客，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The National Gallery of Art is a public art museum in Washington, D.C. It contains a large collection of paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, and other works of art. Come and enjoy some wonderful shows.(国家美术馆是华盛顿特区的一个公共艺术博物馆。它收藏了大量的绘画、版画、素描、照片和其他艺术作品。来欣赏一些精彩的表演吧。)”可知，文章主要介绍了国家美术馆的相关信息。由此可推知，文章的目的是提供国家美术馆的相关信息。故选D。
B
A Houseplant Is Helping Me Survive
My wife Hannah and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. After my diagnosis(诊断) with brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something new and green and alive around us.
When my friend Mitch gave me what he said was a lucky bamboo plant, we placed it in the living room window where I spent much of each day. I told Hannah I wanted to look after the plant myself. When it didn’t immediately turn yellow or brown or lose all of its leaves, I was pleasantly surprised.
As a doctor, I was used to being the one who provided care, not the one who received it. Since my diagnosis, it seemed, I had to rely on help from other people. Taking care of the plant gave me the feeling of being happy and satisfied when I felt useless. Watering the plant, as small an act as it was, connected me tosa central part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver.
Over the next few months, I recovered from surgery(手术). Even after I returned to work, I continued to care for the plant. Soon, it had nearly doubled in height and its leaves were shiny. Both the tree and I became healthier.
Then, without any reason, it began to show signs of stress. Its leaves kept browning and dropping to the floor. “I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies,I might die too!” I couldn’t shake the feeling that the plant had become a symbol(象征) of my health. Now that the plant was struggling, I grew increasingly depressed and fearful.
However, recalling what I’d experienced, I learnt that I had wrongly connected my care for the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own survival—something over which I had no control. As I realized the fact, my anxiety was actually eased. I searched online to figure out how to take care of my plant. When it was back in the sunny window, we both became healthier again.
Now, whenever I look at the plant, I would think of Mitch and the other people who have cared for and supported me.
34. The author decided to keep the bamboo because________.
A. he loved to keep houseplants
B. he believed it helped to clean the air
C. he thought it was a good way to get relaxed
D. he wanted to be surrounded by something cheerful
35. How did the author feel about looking after the bamboo at first?
A. It made him feel hopeless.
B. It put an end to his suffering.
C. It gave him a sense of achievement.
D. It reminded him of his poor health condition.
36. Why did the author become fearful when the bamboo showed signs of stress?
A. Because he couldn’t bear failures.
B. Because he didn’t know why it was dying
C. Because he didn’t want to disappoint Mitch.
D. Because he related his own health to the plant’s.
37. How did the author finally relieve his tension?
A. By believing in his recovery in the end
B. By accepting things beyond his control.
C. By thinking of those who supported him.
D. By searching for plant knowledge online.
【答案】34. D 35. C 36. D 37. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在患脑癌之后，作者喜欢周围有一些新的，绿色的，活生生的东西。在朋友送给作者一盆竹子后，作者悉心照料，刚开始竹子在作者的悉心照料下长得很好，然后，没有任何原因，它开始显示出不好的迹象。作者感到很害怕，他把自己的健康和植物的健康联系在一起，认为自己将会死去，最终作者通过接受他无法控制的事情来缓解了自己的这种焦虑。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“After my diagnosis(诊断) with brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something new and green and alive around us.(在我被诊断为脑癌之后，我喜欢有一些新的、绿色的、活生生的东西在我们身边的想法。)”和第二段中“When my friend Mitch gave me what he said was a lucky bamboo plant, we placed it in the living room window where I spent much of each day.(我的朋友米奇给了我一株他说是幸运竹的植物，我们把它放在客厅的窗户上，我每天大部分时间都在那里度过。)”可知，作者决定保留这些竹子，因为他想被一些令人愉快的东西包围着，故选D。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Taking care of the plant gave me the feeling of being happy and satisfied when I felt useless. (当我觉得自己一无是处的时候，照顾这棵植物给了我快乐和满足的感觉。)”可知，最初，照顾竹子给了作者成就感，故选C。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Then, without any reason, it began to show signs of stress. Its leaves kept browning and dropping to the floor. “I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies,I might die too!” I couldn’t shake the feeling that the plant had become a symbol(象征) of my health. (然后，没有任何原因，它开始显示出不好的迹象。它的叶子不断变黄，掉到地板上。“我连一株简单的植物都照顾不了！”我大喊。“如果我的幸运竹死了，我可能也会死！”我无法摆脱这种感觉，这种植物已经成为我健康的象征。)”可知，当竹子显示出不好的迹象时，作者会感到害怕，这是因为他把自己的健康和植物的健康联系在一起。故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“However, recalling what I’d experienced, I learnt that I had wrongly connected my care for the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own survival—something over which I had no control. As I realized the fact, my anxiety was actually eased.(然而，回想起自己的经历，我意识到自己错误地把对植物的关心（我至少可以控制这种关心）与自己的生存联系在一起，而自己却无法控制这种关心。当我意识到这个事实时，我的焦虑反而减轻了。)”可知，作者通过接受他无法控制的事情来缓解了自己的焦虑，故选B。
C
Episodic memory (情景记忆) allows humans to revisit past personal experiences in their minds, and it was once thought to be a special skill of humans. Although there are still arguments about the extent of this type of memory in non-human animals, scientists have proved that creatures like rats and dogs can pass tests that are developed to assess episodic memory over the past two decades. “Curiously, there is a lack of research investigating dolphins’ episodic memory,” University of Cambridge cognitive (认知的) scientist James Davies says. Therefore, this surprising fact encourages him to fill this gap.
The team used “where” and “who” questions in their research, each on a different test. Each dolphin was first trained to retrieve a ball from the water, and then trained to get a ball by approaching a person holding it in front of them while ignoring an empty-handed person standing at a different spot. During this training, the locations were randomized (使随机化) and the person holding the ball differed each time, so that those details were irrelevant to learning the retrieving behavior. Then, for the tests, the dolphins were asked to retrieve the ball as they had learned to do, but after 10 minutes, something changed-this time, the ball couldn’t be seen, as it was now behind one of the two people’s backs. In the “where” tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the “who” tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who’d had it previously.
Eight dolphins went through each of the two tests separated by at least 48 hours. All the dolphins got it right in choosing the correct spot on the “where” experiments, and seven achieved success on the “who” experiments.
Kelly Jaakkola, a psychologist, says that based on their cognitive skills, dolphins are a good candidate for having episodic-like memory, and this study goes really far in showing that. She also says, “The more we look for such capabilities in non-human animals, the more species we’ll likely find them in.” She adds, “An exciting question is therefore ‘Where do we draw that line? Which animals do have it, which animals don’t, and what sort of cognitive or neurological or social characteristics do those animals share? ’ That’s going to be the fun part of the game.”
38. What does the underlined word “retrieve” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Fetch. B. Move. C. Throw. D. Play.
39. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The locations of the people involved in the tests.
B. The memory tasks that dolphins need to perform.
C. The ability of dolphins to communicate with humans.
D. The dolphins’ characteristics related to their memory processing.
40. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Dolphins pass the tests as a result of training.
B. It is very likely that dolphins are affected by people during the tests.
C. Scientists will probably find episodic memory in all non-human animals.
D. The influence of dolphins’ familiarity with a location or a person is avoided.
41. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Dolphins Are the Most Intelligent Animals
B. Dolphins May Remember Personal Experiences
C. Episodic Memory Is Important for Humans and Animals
D. A Scientific Method Is Used to Study Dolphins’ Memory
【答案】38. A 39. B 40. D 41. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明，海豚可能拥有情景记忆。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中根据划线单词上文“The team used “where” and “who” questions in their research, each on a different test.(研究小组在他们的研究中使用了“在哪里”和“谁”两个问题，每个问题都在不同的测试中使用。)”和划线单词所在句子“Each dolphin was first trained to retrieve a ball from the water, and then trained to get a ball by approaching a person holding it in front of them while ignoring an empty-handed person standing at a different spot. (每只海豚首先被训练从水中retrieve一个球，然后被训练通过接近一个拿着球的人而忽略站在不同位置的一个空手的人来获得一个球。)”可知，实验测试海豚的情景记忆，即识别“哪里”和“谁”的概念。由此可推知，retrieve与下文get意思相近，即每只海豚首先被训练从水中获取一个球，然后被训练通过接近一个拿着球的人而忽略站在不同位置的一个空手的人来获得一个球。故retrieve与A项“Fecth(获取)”意思一样，故选A。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“During this training, the locations were randomized(使随机化) and the person holding the ball differed each time, so that those details were irrelevant to learning the retrieving behavior. Then, for the tests, the dolphins were asked to retrieve the ball as they had learned to do, but after 10 minutes, something changed-this time, the ball couldn’t be seen, as it was now behind one of the two people’s backs. In the “where” tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the “who” tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who’d had it previously.(在这次训练中，地点是随机的，每次拿球的人都不一样，所以这些细节与学习取球行为无关。然后，在测试中，海豚被要求像它们学会的那样去捡球，但是10分钟后，情况发生了变化——这一次，球看不见了，因为它现在在两个人中的一个人的背后。在“哪里”测试中，球藏在与训练中相同的位置，但是两个人都被改变了，而在“谁”测试中，人的位置改变了，但是球仍然在之前拥有它的人手中。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了海豚需要完成的记忆任务。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the “where” tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the “who” tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who’d had it previously.(在“哪里”测试中，球藏在与训练中相同的位置，但是两个人都被改变了，而在“谁”测试中，人的位置改变了，但是球仍然在之前拥有它的人手中。)”可推知，实验中避开了海豚熟悉某个地点或某个人的影响，故选D。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Kelly Jaakkola, a psychologist, says that based on their cognitive skills, dolphins are a good candidate for having episodic-like memory, and this study goes really far in showing that. (心理学家Kelly Jaakkola说，基于它们的认知能力，海豚是拥有情节性记忆的很好的候选者，而这项研究表明了这一点。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究表明，海豚可能拥有情景记忆，B项“海豚可能记得个人经历”适合作文章标题，故选B。
D
After years of blue-collar(蓝领)jobs being replaced by machines, advanced chatbots are now breathing down white collars. Generative Al tools, such as ChatGPT, have made impressive progress in generating human-sounding language and understanding context. So much so that humans are no match for them in some tasks. Up to 300 million full-time jobs could be lost around the world, which is as much as 18% of the global workforce.
A recent study by OpenAI, the creator of ChatGPT, looked at the potential for automation across 1,016 jobs. Humans and AI separately rated how well software powered by large-language models, which are trained on a sea of information from the Internet and then reacted quickly to specific functions, could perform 19,000 tasks involved in the jobs. If the software was considered able to reduce the time it takes humans to complete the task by at least half, without a drop in quality, the task was considered ready for AI replacement. For other tasks, the company imagined additional software that could be added to the model, such as computer tools that can automatically pull fresh data from the Internet. They found that 80% of Americans could have at least 10% of their work tasks done by advanced Al tools. The figure rises to 50% of tasks for around 19% of workers.
This automation should not be feared. It could free workers from repeated tasks, contributing to greater productivity. A study published on April 5 suggests that generative AI could bring about sweeping changes to the global economy. As these tools could drive a 7% increase in global GDP and lift productivity by 1. 5 percentage points over a 10-year period.
But studies like this may overstate the potential for automation, ignoring some tacit skills(隐性技能)in professions they know less about. Human qualities important for some jobs, such as empathy or charisma(感召力), will be overlooked. And not all tasks capable of being carried out by AI should be: a man in love should feel it a shame for using it to write a love letter to his beloved girlfriend however touching and sincere it may sound.
Many businesses are also not willing to accept AI. And those who have already accepted it are at the risk of practical and legal(法律的) confusion. When chatbots do not know what to say, they often talk nonsense. The “creative” output they produce is based on a mixture of data sourced from the Internet, raising issues around accuracy, privacy and intellectual property(知识产权).
While much is unknown about how generative AI will influence the world economy and society and it will take time to play out, there are clear signs that the effects could be profound. But in the real world, AI tools will still need handlers. That may even end up creating new jobs.
42. What is the function of Paragraph 1?
A. To show the popularity of AI tools.
B. To give examples of using generative AI tools.
C. To draw readers’ attention to the possible threat of AI.
D. To compare the impacts of AI on blue and white collars.
43. According to the study by OpenAI, AI can replace humans when________.
A. it can perform certain creative tasks
B. automation is powered by large-language models
C. it develops important human qualities like empathy
D. Al tools improve productivity without damaging quality
44. The author would probably agree that________.
A. AI tools may help increase employment
B. AI will eventually take over human jobs
C. AI and automation do more harm than good
D. human qualities are not necessary for automation
【答案】42. C 43. D 44. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了生成式人工智能工具，如 ChatGPT，在生成听起来像人的语言和理解上下文方面取得了令人印象深刻的进展。以至于人类在某些任务中无法与之匹敌。全世界可能会有多达3亿个全职工作岗位流失，相当于全球劳动力总数的18% 。但是我们不应该害怕这种自动化。因为它可以使工人从重复的任务中解放出来，从而提高生产力。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“After years of blue-collar(蓝领)jobs being replaced by machines, advanced chatbots are now breathing down white collars. Generative Al tools, such as ChatGPT, have made impressive progress in generating human-sounding language and understanding context. So much so that humans are no match for them in some tasks. Up to 300 million full-time jobs could be lost around the world, which is as much as 18% of the global workforce.(在多年的蓝领工作被机器取代之后，先进的聊天机器人现在正在吸引白领的注意力。生成式人工智能工具，如 ChatGPT，在生成听起来像人的语言和理解上下文方面取得了令人印象深刻的进展。以至于人类在某些任务中无法与之匹敌。全世界可能会有多达3亿个全职工作岗位流失，相当于全球劳动力总数的18% 。)”可推知，第一段提醒读者注意人工智能的潜在威胁。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“If the software was considered able to reduce the time it takes humans to complete the task by at least half, without a drop in quality, the task was considered ready for AI replacement.(如果该软件被认为能够将人类完成任务的时间至少减少一半，而且质量没有下降，那么该任务被认为已经可以用人工智能替代。)”可知，根据OpenAI的研究，当人工智能工具在不损害质量且提高生产力时，人工智能可以取代人类，故选D。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But in the real world, AI tools will still need handlers. That may even end up creating new jobs.(但在现实世界中，人工智能工具仍然需要处理程序。这甚至可能最终创造新就业机会。)”可知，作者可能会同意人工智能工具可能有助于增加就业，故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nicholas Epley, a behavioural scientist, and I conducted a series of studies and concluded that kind acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can promote a person’s happiness. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always catch them. ____45____
We firstly studied acts of kindness done for familiar people such as friends, classmates or family. ____46____ For instance, in one experiment, people wrote notes to friends and family “just because”. In another, they gave cupcakes away to workmates. Across these experiments, we asked both the person performing a kind act and the one receiving it to fill out questionnaires (问卷).
Across our studies, several strong patterns appeared. For one, both performers and receivers of the acts of kindness were in more positive moods than normal after these kind acts. ____47____ The receivers felt significantly better than the kind actors expected. The receivers also reliably rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.
____48____In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink (溜冰场) in a public park gave away hot chocolate to people they didn’t know on a cold winter day. Again, the experience was more positive than the performers expected for the receivers. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively small, it really mattered to the receivers.
These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for, These warm acts can improve our own emotional health and brighten the day of another person. ____49____
A. So why not choose kindness when we can?
B. For another, it was clear that performers undervalued their impacts.
C. From one situation to the next, the specific acts of kindness differed.
D. We found that participants didn’t realize their positive impacts on strangers as well.
E. Our research also revealed one reason why people may not realize their actions’ impacts.
F. We compared the performers’ expectation of the receivers’ moods with their actual experiences.
G. It is because people performing kind acts undervalue how much receivers value their behaviour.
【答案】45. G 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了行为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利（Nicholas Epley）和作者进行了一系列研究，得出的结论是，友善的行为就像为某人买一杯咖啡一样简单，可以提升一个人的幸福感。
【45题详解】
上文“Nicholas Epley, a behavioural scientist, and I conducted a series of studies and concluded that kind acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can promote a person’s happiness. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always catch them. (行为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利（Nicholas Epley）和我进行了一系列研究，得出的结论是，友善的行为就像为某人买一杯咖啡一样简单，可以提升一个人的幸福感。日常生活为这种行为提供了许多机会，然而人们并不总是能抓住它们。)”指出友善的行为可以提升一个人的幸福感，但是人们在日常生活中并不总是能抓住机会表现出友善，空处承接上文，指出起原因，G项“这是因为表现善良的人低估了接受者对他们行为的重视程度。”符合，故选G。
【46题详解】
根据下文“For instance, in one experiment, people wrote notes to friends and family “just because”. In another, they gave cupcakes away to workmates.(例如，在一个实验中，人们给朋友和家人写便条“仅仅是因为”。在另一个实验中，他们把纸杯蛋糕送给同事。)”可知，实验过程中，不同的情况善行是不同的，C项“从一个情况到下一个情况，具体的善行不同。”符合，引起下文，故选C。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Across our studies, several strong patterns appeared. For one, both performers and receivers of the acts of kindness were in more positive moods than normal after these kind acts.(在我们的研究中，出现了几种强烈的模式。一方面，善意行为的表现者和接受者在这些善意行为之后都比正常情绪更加积极。)”中的For one可知，此处介绍了强烈模式中的一方面，空处应该是介绍另一方面，B项“另一方面，很明显表演者低估了他们的影响力。”符合，For one和For another相呼应，故选B。
【48题详解】
下文“In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink (溜冰场) in a public park gave away hot chocolate to people they didn’t know on a cold winter day. Again, the experience was more positive than the performers expected for the receivers. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively small, it really mattered to the receivers.(在一个实验中，参与者在一个公园的溜冰场里，在一个寒冷的冬天给陌生人送热巧克力。再次，这种体验比执行者对接收者的期望更积极。虽然分发热巧克力的人认为这种行为相对较小，但是对于接受者来说却很重要。)”介绍实验发现参与者没有意识到他们对陌生人的积极影响，D项“我们发现参与者也没有意识到他们对陌生人的积极影响。”符合，故选D。
【49题详解】
上文“These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for, These warm acts can improve our own emotional health and brighten the day of another person. (这些发现表明，当我们决定是否为别人做一件好事时，那些看起来微不足道的事情对于我们为之做事的人来说可能意义重大。这些温暖的行为可以改善我们自己的情绪健康，并照亮别人的一天。)”对文章进行了总结，指出了善行的重要意义，A项“所以为什么不在可以的时候选择善良呢？”承接上文，呼应我们要善行，故选A。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Why Learning a New Language Is Good for the Whole Family
Ever thought of making language learning part of your family’s activities? Learning a new language together can have unexpected emotional benefits for the whole family.
Combining family time with language learning time is a great way for more quality time. Learning a new language as a family can be a fun group activity. Everyone loves a game night or movie night. You can play games like Bingo, using vocabulary from the target language. Or maybe you have a particular vacation destination you love where another language is widely spoken—learning that language together could make your next vacation even more enjoyable. They’re a fun way to break up the daily routine(常规) and reconnect with those you love.
Language is all about communication and connection. Learning a new language brings family members closer because they talk to each other all the time when learning. All you have to do is change to your new language and practice with your family members whenever you want-no classroom needed. Telling family stories with what you have recently learned is a good place to start, which could inspire questions and additional conversations, and even create a familect—secret words and phrases shared only among the members of your family.
If your family is big on gardening, make labels(标签) together for your plants and tools. Making fun labels in your target language together can also help you connect with loved family members. It opens up more opportunities like family contests. You could surprise each other with notes on pillows, bathroom mirrors, inside dresser drawers—any place your family will find them. Using these words later recalls these family memories.
Each family is really its own little unique social world, and that world is being built through language. The power of language learning lies in its ability to draw people together.
50. According to the passage, what is a great way to have more quality time with your family?
________________
51. Why does studying a new language bring family members closer?
________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Making fun labels together for garden plants and tools in your target language can help you win family contests.
________________
53. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think learning new language can bring to you? (In about 40 words)
________________
【答案】50. Learning a new language together.
51. Because they talk to each other all the time when learning.
52. Making fun labels together for garden plants and tools in your target language can help you win family contests.
It can help you connect with loved family members.
53. (1) Learning a new language can promote better communication. I can communicate with a wider range of people, both in my personal and professional life. Also, it increases cultural awareness since learning a new language exposes me to new cultures and ways of thinking, helping me understand different perspectives.
(2) Learning a new language enhances job opportunities. It can be a valuable asset in the job market, especially in industries that require communication with people from different countries. By acquiring a new language, I will have more opportunities to advance or shift my career.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么学习一门新语言对整个家庭有好处。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Learning a new language together can have unexpected emotional benefits for the whole family.(一起学习一门新的语言可以给整个家庭带来意想不到的情感收益。)”可知，和家人一起学习一门新的语言是与家人共度更多美好时光的好方法，故填Learning a new language together.。
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Learning a new language brings family members closer because they talk to each other all the time when learning.(学习一门新的语言可以使家庭成员之间更加亲密，因为他们在学习的过程中一直在交谈。)”可知，学习一门新语言会让家庭成员更加亲密是因为他们在学习的时候总是互相交谈。故填Because they talk to each other all the time when learning.。
52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Making fun labels in your target language together can also help you connect with loved family members.(一起用你的目标语言制作有趣的标签也可以帮助你与你所爱的家庭成员建立联系。)”可知，一起用你的目标语言制作有趣的标签也可以帮助你与你所爱的家庭成员建立联系，而非帮助你赢得家庭竞赛。所以该陈述“Making fun labels together for garden plants and tools in your target language can help you win family contests.”中win family contests是错误的，故填Making fun labels together for garden plants and tools in your target language can help you win family contests. It can help you connect with loved family members.。
【53题详解】
开放试题。言之有理即可。题目问“除了文章中提到的，你认为学习新语言还能给你带来什么好处？（大约40个单词）”可知，学习一门新语言可以促进更好的交流。我可以和更多的人交流，无论是在我的个人生活还是职业生涯中。另外，学习一门新的语言可以让我接触到新的文化和思维方式，帮助我理解不同的观点，从而提高我的文化意识。答案也可为：学习一门新语言可增加就业机会。在就业市场，尤其是那些需要与来自不同国家的人沟通的行业，它可能是一项宝贵的资产。通过学习一门新的语言，我将有更多的机会来提升或改变我的职业生涯。故填(1) Learning a new language can promote better communication. I can communicate with a wider range of people, both in my personal and professional life. Also, it increases cultural awareness since learning a new language exposes me to new cultures and ways of thinking, helping me understand different perspectives.(2) Learning a new language enhances job opportunities. It can be a valuable asset in the job market, especially in industries that require communication with people from different countries. By acquiring a new language, I will have more opportunities to advance or shift my career.
第二节(20分)
54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你校将要举办主题为“变废为宝”的手工作品展。请用英文给英国交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍该活动;
2.邀请他参加。
提示词：手工作品展handicrafts exhibition
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Possible version
Dear Jim,
How’s it going? Our school will hold a handicrafts exhibition to encourage us to turn trash into treasure. I’m writing to invite you to take part in it.
In order to promote green lifestyle, we are asked to transform used items into all-new,functional ones and submit them by July 16. For instance, we can give a second life to disposable chopsticks by turning them into home decorations. The most creative designs will be on display in the lecture hall from July 19 to 23.
I know you are an environmental activist. Would you like to join us? I’m sure with our efforts, we can do our part to raise people’s awareness of living a green life.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国交换生Jim写一封信，介绍学校将要举办主题为“变废为宝”的手工作品展。
【详解】1.词汇积累
展览：exhibition →display
参加：take part in→participate in
为了：in order to→so as to
提交：submit→present
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The most creative designs will be on display in the lecture hall from July 19 to 23.
拓展句：The designs which are the most creative will be on display in the lecture hall from July 19 to 23.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Our school will hold a handicrafts exhibition to encourage us to turn trash into treasure.（运用了动词不定式做目的状语）
北京市朝阳区2022～2023学年度第二学期期末质量检测
高一英语
2023. 7
(考试时间100分钟 满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
After six months of dating, my partner Gabe and I were taking our first road trip. Both of us were adventurous, and we couldn’t wait to go ____1____ and exploring.
At around 5:30 pm, we were ____2____ on a mountain road named Crowsnest Highway. We didn’t know the recent flooding in the area. When texting my mom, I happened to look up from my____3____and saw a wave of mud (泥浆) and a huge tree coming down the mountain, right in front of our car. Gabe tried to stop, but it was too ____4____. The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300meters down a rocky cliff(悬崖)and our car landed on its side among some trees.
I didn’t know how long we were unconscious (昏迷的). Not ____5____, we were injured seriously. Suffering the huge pain, we both managed to move out of the ____6____ car. Then, we sat on a rock and considered our choices. We couldn’t get a ____7____ on our cell phones, so all we could do was shout for help. Luckily, someone ____8____. Four passers-by spotted us and called 911.When medical workers got to our side, they loaded us into separate emergency vehicles. I was in the hospital for ten days while they kept Gabe for six weeks. I was told I would not walk as a normal person for the rest of my life and Gabe lost ____9____ in his left eye.
Before all this happened, we were happy-go-lucky people. Strangely enough, the accident has made us even more ____10____. Despite the injuries we suffered, we’re thankful that we’re still alive. The experience also made us closer. A year after the accident, we even drove back to the Crowsnest Highway as a newly married couple.
1. A. boating B. cycling C. running D. hiking
2. A. driving B. jogging C. walking D. riding
3. A. book B. phone C. car D. computer
4. A. early B. long C. late D. heavy
5. A. exactly B. clearly C. necessarily D. surprisingly
6. A. crashed B. used C. repaired D. parked
7 A. word B. picture C. signal D. message
8. A. hesitated B. responded C. promised D. refused
9. A. touch B. smell C. sight D. hearing
10. A. careful B. disappointed C. puzzled D. positive
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者和她的伴侣盖比开启了第一次公路之旅。可是在途中却遭遇事故，二人重伤。尽管如此，二人并没有因此而灰心，面对生活二人反而更加积极，同时二人的关系也更加亲密。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：约会六个月后，我和我的伴侣盖比开始了我们的第一次公路旅行。我们俩都喜欢冒险，迫不及待地想去远足和探险。A. boating划船；B. cycling骑自行车；C. running跑步；D. hiking远足。根据前文“my partner Gabe and I were taking our first road trip”可知，作者迫不及待地想去远足和探险。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午5点30分左右，我们行驶在一条名为“皇冠公路”的山路上。A. driving驾驶；B. jogging慢跑；C. walking步行；D. riding骑行。根据后文“right in front of our car.”可知，作者开车行驶在一条名为“皇冠公路”的山路上。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我给妈妈发短信的时候，我碰巧从手机上抬起头来，看到一股泥浆和一棵大树从山上滚下来，就在我们的车前面。A. book书；B. phone电话；C. car汽车；D. computer计算机。根据前文“texting my mom”可知，当作者给妈妈发短信的时候，碰巧从手机上抬起头来，看到一股泥浆和一棵大树从山上滚下来。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：盖比试图阻止，但已经太晚了。A. early早的；B. long长的；C. late晚的；D. heavy重的。根据后文“The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300meters down a rocky cliff(悬崖)and our car landed on its side among some trees.”可知，泥石流已经把作者的车从近300米高的悬崖上摔了下来，盖比试图阻止，但已经太晚了。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫不奇怪，我们受了重伤。A. exactly确切地；B. clearly清楚地；C. necessarily必要地；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据前文“I didn’t know how long we were unconscious”可知，作者也不知道他们昏迷了多久，所以不足为奇地是，作者和伴侣受了重伤。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：忍受着巨大的痛苦，我们俩都设法从撞坏的车里爬了出来。A. crashed撞车；B. used使用；C. repaired修理；D. parked停车。根据前文“The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300meters down a rocky cliff(悬崖)and our car landed on its side among some trees.”可知，泥石流已经把作者的车从近300米高的悬崖上摔了下来，故车应该是被撞坏的。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的手机收不到信号，所以我们所能做的就是大声呼救。A. word词；B. picture图片；C. signal信号；D. message信息。根据后文“so all we could do was shout for help”可知，因为手机没信号，所以只能大声呼救。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，有人回应了。A. hesitated犹豫；B. responded回应；C. promised承诺；D. refused拒绝。根据前文“We couldn’t get a ____7____ on our cell phones, so all we could do was shout for help.”可知，作者和伴侣大声求救，幸运的是，有人回应了。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被告知，在我的余生中，我将无法像正常人一样走路，盖比的左眼也失明了。A. touch触觉；B. smell嗅觉；C. sight视觉；D. hearing听力。根据“in his left eye”可知，盖比的左眼也失明了。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，这次事故反而使我们更加乐观了。A. careful小心的；B. disappointed失望的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“Despite the injuries we suffered, we’re thankful that we’re still alive. The experience also made us closer.”可知，尽管作者和同伴受了伤，但作者很庆幸他们还活着。这次经历也让他们更亲密了，由此推断事故让他们变得更积极乐观了。故选D。
第二节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并使用其正确形式填空。
come up with put out take part in take action make a difference to be covered with
end up be stuck in in spite of in addition to
11. ________creating things, science creates ideas.
12. Having a good teacher________students career paths.
13. After a heated discussion, we________a new idea for the art festival.
14. The wind blew in from the desert yesterday. Now, everything________.
15. Many athletes from around the world will________the upcoming Olympics.
16. The rescue teams couldn’t arrive on time because the car wheels________the mud.
17. We must________to stop the harmful effects of passive smoking on people’s health.
18. Firefighters could do dangerous jobs like________fires or working on high buildings.
19. The scientists insisted on carrying out the experiment________all kinds of difficulties.
20. If you don’t know what you want, you might________getting something you don’t want.
【答案】11. In addition to
12. makes a difference to
13. came up with
14. is covered with
15. take part in
16. were stuck in
17. take action
18. putting out
19. in spite of
20. end up
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：除了创造事物，科学还创造思想。根据句意可知，此处表示“除了……（还）”，为短语in addition to，句首单词首字母大写，故填In addition to。
【12题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：有一个好老师对学生的职业道路有很大的影响。根据句意可知，此处表示“对……产生影响”，为短语make a difference to，主语是Having a good teacher，看成第三人称单数，且句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，故填makes a difference to。
【13题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：经过激烈的讨论，我们为艺术节想出了一个新主意。根据句意可知，此处表示“想出”，为动词短语come up with，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填came up with。
【14题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：昨天一股大风从沙漠吹来。现在，所有的东西都被覆盖了（昨天，沙尘天气袭来，现在所有的物体表面都盖上了一层细沙）。根据句意可知，此处表示“被覆盖”为动词短语be covered with，Now表明句子描述的是现在的事实，应用一般现在时，主语是everything，be动词应用is，故填is covered with。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：许多来自世界各地的运动员将参加即将到来的奥运会。根据句意可知，此处表示“参加”为动词take part in，由will可知，动词take应用原形，故填take part in。
【16题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：救援队无法按时到达，因为车轮陷在泥里了。根据句意可知，此处表示“陷在”为动词短语be stuck in，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语是复数，be动词应用were，故填were stuck in。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我们必须采取行动，制止被动吸烟对人们健康的有害影响。根据句意可知，此处表示“采取行动”为动词短语take action，由must可知，动词take应用原形，故填take action。
【18题详解】
考查动词短语。句意： 消防员可以做一些危险的工作，比如灭火或者高空作业。根据句意可知，此处表示“扑灭”为动词短语put out，由介词like可知，动词put应用动名词形式，故填putting out。
【19题详解】
考查介词短语。句意： 尽管困难重重，科学家们还是坚持进行实验。根据句意可知，此处表示“尽管”为介词短语in spite of，故填in spite of。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果你不知道你想要什么，你可能最终会得到你不想要的东西。根据句意可知，此处表示“以……结束”为动词短语end up，由might可知，动词end应用原形，故填end up。
第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
21. I could get you a job here if that’s ________you want. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：如果你想要的话，我可以在这里给你找份工作。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。表语从句中缺少宾语，且意义为“……的事物”，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
22. The girl came into the house,________(carry) a lot of books. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】carrying
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩走进房子，手里拿着很多书。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语The girl之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填carrying。
23. We managed________(overcome) the difficulties in learning English. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to overcome
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们设法克服了学习英语的困难。manage to do sth.固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”，故填to overcome。
24. Dr. Brown is a senior professor________views are widely respected. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：布朗博士是一位资深教授，他的观点受到广泛尊重。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为professor，因空白处在从句中作定语，使用关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
25. China’s Shaanxi History Museum is well worth________(visit). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】visiting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的陕西历史博物馆非常值得一看。be worth doing固定搭配，意为“值得做”，故填visiting。
26. There are many reasons________English is so widely used around the world. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】why
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：英语在世界范围内被广泛使用有很多原因。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，且从句中缺少原因状语，应用关系副词why来引导定语从句，故填why。
27. This small mountain village is a beautiful place________I spent my childhood. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个小山村是我度过童年的一个美丽的地方。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词place，且从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导定语从句，故填where。
28. It is important to avoid________(waste) time and make good use of every minute. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】wasting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：避免浪费时间，好好利用每一分钟是很重要的。avoid doing固定搭配，意为“避免做”，故填wasting。
29. ________(see) from the top of the tower, our city looks more beautiful. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Seen
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从塔顶上看，我们的城市看起来更漂亮了。句中有谓语looks，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语our city和动词see是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Seen。
30. May 30, 2023 is a memorable day, ________the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship was launched successfully. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：2023年5月30日是一个值得纪念的日子，在这一天神舟十六号载人飞船成功发射。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词day，且从句中缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when来引导定语从句，故填when。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The National Gallery of Art is a public art museum in Washington, D.C. It contains a large collection of paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, and other works of art. Come and enjoy some wonderful shows.
Present Exhibitions
Going Through Hell: The Divine Dante
April 9—July 16, 2023
West Building, Main Floor, Gallery 10-11
Dante was an Italian poet and writer. His Divine Comedy has been one of the most powerful works in western literature for over 700 years. Come and explore the impacts of this great work in the collection of some 20 works, including the early prints of Divine Comedy, drawings on paper from the 15th to 20th century and more.
Drawing in Britain, 1700-1900: New Additions to the Collection
April 2—August 6, 2023
West Building, Ground Floor
This exhibition includes about 80 recently acquired artworks. You can see not only traditional landscape paintings, but also many life-like portraits(肖像) and paintings of historical scenes.
These pieces are sure to give you an understanding of British art over two centuries.
Philip Guston Now
March 2—August 27, 2023
East Building, Hall
Philip Guston is one of America’s most influential modern artists, famous in his time and in ours. Through more than 150 paintings and drawings, you can get a sense of the change of his artistic style through the years. His works continue to raise thoughts about beauty, freedom, and more.
Opening Times
The National Gallery of Art is open from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm, including public holidays. Last admission is at 4:00 pm, one hour before closing.
Parking
There is no public parking at the National Gallery of Art, but limited parking spaces are set aside for visitors with disabilities. Parking is available on surrounding streets and in commercial garages.
If you have any questions, please call (202)737–4215 or send us an email at visit@nga. gov.
31. What can you see in the National Gallery of Art?
A. The 20 works of Dante. B. Phillip Guston’s works of literature
C. Newly gained British artworks. D. Landscape paintings of Washington, D.C.
32. The National Gallery of Art________.
A. admits visitors from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm
B. contains the largest art collection in the US
C. offers enough car parking spaces for visitors
D. shows the 17th-century paintings in the East Btilding
33. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To spread art knowledge.
B. To describe works of world-famous artists.
C. To introduce worldwide wonderful exhibitions.
D. To give information about a public art museum.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。国家美术馆是华盛顿特区的一个公共艺术博物馆。它收藏了大量的绘画、版画、素描、照片和其他艺术作品。文章主要介绍了国家美术馆的相关信息。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据West Building, Ground Floor部分下面“This exhibition includes about 80 recently acquired artworks. (这次展览包括近期获得的大约80件艺术品。)”和“These pieces are sure to give you an understanding of British art over two centuries.(这些作品一定会让你对两个世纪以来的英国艺术有所了解。)”可知，在国家美术馆你能看到新获得的英国艺术品。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据Opening Times部分下面的“The National Gallery of Art is open from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm, including public holidays. Last admission is at 4:00 pm, one hour before closing.(国家美术馆开放时间为上午10:00至下午5:00，包括公众假期。最后一次入场时间是下午四点，离关门还有一个小时。)”可知，国家美术馆上午10:00至下午4:00接纳访客，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The National Gallery of Art is a public art museum in Washington, D.C. It contains a large collection of paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, and other works of art. Come and enjoy some wonderful shows.(国家美术馆是华盛顿特区的一个公共艺术博物馆。它收藏了大量的绘画、版画、素描、照片和其他艺术作品。来欣赏一些精彩的表演吧。)”可知，文章主要介绍了国家美术馆的相关信息。由此可推知，文章的目的是提供国家美术馆的相关信息。故选D。
B
A Houseplant Is Helping Me Survive
My wife Hannah and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. After my diagnosis(诊断) with brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something new and green and alive around us.
When my friend Mitch gave me what he said was a lucky bamboo plant, we placed it in the living room window where I spent much of each day. I told Hannah I wanted to look after the plant myself. When it didn’t immediately turn yellow or brown or lose all of its leaves, I was pleasantly surprised.
As a doctor, I was used to being the one who provided care, not the one who received it. Since my diagnosis, it seemed, I had to rely on help from other people. Taking care of the plant gave me the feeling of being happy and satisfied when I felt useless. Watering the plant, as small an act as it was, connected me tosa central part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver.
Over the next few months, I recovered from surgery(手术). Even after I returned to work, I continued to care for the plant. Soon, it had nearly doubled in height and its leaves were shiny. Both the tree and I became healthier.
Then, without any reason, it began to show signs of stress. Its leaves kept browning and dropping to the floor. “I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies,I might die too!” I couldn’t shake the feeling that the plant had become a symbol(象征) of my health. Now that the plant was struggling, I grew increasingly depressed and fearful.
However, recalling what I’d experienced, I learnt that I had wrongly connected my care for the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own survival—something over which I had no control. As I realized the fact, my anxiety was actually eased. I searched online to figure out how to take care of my plant. When it was back in the sunny window, we both became healthier again.
Now, whenever I look at the plant, I would think of Mitch and the other people who have cared for and supported me.
34. The author decided to keep the bamboo because________.
A. he loved to keep houseplants
B. he believed it helped to clean the air
C. he thought it was a good way to get relaxed
D. he wanted to be surrounded by something cheerful
35. How did the author feel about looking after the bamboo at first?
A. It made him feel hopeless.
B. It put an end to his suffering.
C. It gave him a sense of achievement.
D. It reminded him of his poor health condition.
36. Why did the author become fearful when the bamboo showed signs of stress?
A. Because he couldn’t bear failures.
B. Because he didn’t know why it was dying
C. Because he didn’t want to disappoint Mitch.
D. Because he related his own health to the plant’s.
37. How did the author finally relieve his tension?
A. By believing in his recovery in the end
B. By accepting things beyond his control.
C. By thinking of those who supported him.
D. By searching for plant knowledge online.
【答案】34. D 35. C 36. D 37. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在患脑癌之后，作者喜欢周围有一些新的，绿色的，活生生的东西。在朋友送给作者一盆竹子后，作者悉心照料，刚开始竹子在作者的悉心照料下长得很好，然后，没有任何原因，它开始显示出不好的迹象。作者感到很害怕，他把自己的健康和植物的健康联系在一起，认为自己将会死去，最终作者通过接受他无法控制的事情来缓解了自己的这种焦虑。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“After my diagnosis(诊断) with brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something new and green and alive around us.(在我被诊断为脑癌之后，我喜欢有一些新的、绿色的、活生生的东西在我们身边的想法。)”和第二段中“When my friend Mitch gave me what he said was a lucky bamboo plant, we placed it in the living room window where I spent much of each day.(我的朋友米奇给了我一株他说是幸运竹的植物，我们把它放在客厅的窗户上，我每天大部分时间都在那里度过。)”可知，作者决定保留这些竹子，因为他想被一些令人愉快的东西包围着，故选D。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Taking care of the plant gave me the feeling of being happy and satisfied when I felt useless. (当我觉得自己一无是处的时候，照顾这棵植物给了我快乐和满足的感觉。)”可知，最初，照顾竹子给了作者成就感，故选C。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Then, without any reason, it began to show signs of stress. Its leaves kept browning and dropping to the floor. “I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies,I might die too!” I couldn’t shake the feeling that the plant had become a symbol(象征) of my health. (然后，没有任何原因，它开始显示出不好的迹象。它的叶子不断变黄，掉到地板上。“我连一株简单的植物都照顾不了！”我大喊。“如果我的幸运竹死了，我可能也会死！”我无法摆脱这种感觉，这种植物已经成为我健康的象征。)”可知，当竹子显示出不好的迹象时，作者会感到害怕，这是因为他把自己的健康和植物的健康联系在一起。故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“However, recalling what I’d experienced, I learnt that I had wrongly connected my care for the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own survival—something over which I had no control. As I realized the fact, my anxiety was actually eased.(然而，回想起自己的经历，我意识到自己错误地把对植物的关心（我至少可以控制这种关心）与自己的生存联系在一起，而自己却无法控制这种关心。当我意识到这个事实时，我的焦虑反而减轻了。)”可知，作者通过接受他无法控制的事情来缓解了自己的焦虑，故选B。
C
Episodic memory (情景记忆) allows humans to revisit past personal experiences in their minds, and it was once thought to be a special skill of humans. Although there are still arguments about the extent of this type of memory in non-human animals, scientists have proved that creatures like rats and dogs can pass tests that are developed to assess episodic memory over the past two decades. “Curiously, there is a lack of research investigating dolphins’ episodic memory,” University of Cambridge cognitive (认知的) scientist James Davies says. Therefore, this surprising fact encourages him to fill this gap.
The team used “where” and “who” questions in their research, each on a different test. Each dolphin was first trained to retrieve a ball from the water, and then trained to get a ball by approaching a person holding it in front of them while ignoring an empty-handed person standing at a different spot. During this training, the locations were randomized (使随机化) and the person holding the ball differed each time, so that those details were irrelevant to learning the retrieving behavior. Then, for the tests, the dolphins were asked to retrieve the ball as they had learned to do, but after 10 minutes, something changed-this time, the ball couldn’t be seen, as it was now behind one of the two people’s backs. In the “where” tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the “who” tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who’d had it previously.
Eight dolphins went through each of the two tests separated by at least 48 hours. All the dolphins got it right in choosing the correct spot on the “where” experiments, and seven achieved success on the “who” experiments.
Kelly Jaakkola, a psychologist, says that based on their cognitive skills, dolphins are a good candidate for having episodic-like memory, and this study goes really far in showing that. She also says, “The more we look for such capabilities in non-human animals, the more species we’ll likely find them in.” She adds, “An exciting question is therefore ‘Where do we draw that line? Which animals do have it, which animals don’t, and what sort of cognitive or neurological or social characteristics do those animals share? ’ That’s going to be the fun part of the game.”
38. What does the underlined word “retrieve” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Fetch. B. Move. C. Throw. D. Play.
39. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The locations of the people involved in the tests.
B. The memory tasks that dolphins need to perform.
C. The ability of dolphins to communicate with humans.
D. The dolphins’ characteristics related to their memory processing.
40. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Dolphins pass the tests as a result of training.
B. It is very likely that dolphins are affected by people during the tests.
C. Scientists will probably find episodic memory in all non-human animals.
D. The influence of dolphins’ familiarity with a location or a person is avoided.
41. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Dolphins Are the Most Intelligent Animals
B. Dolphins May Remember Personal Experiences
C. Episodic Memory Is Important for Humans and Animals
D. A Scientific Method Is Used to Study Dolphins’ Memory
【答案】38. A 39. B 40. D 41. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明，海豚可能拥有情景记忆。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中根据划线单词上文“The team used “where” and “who” questions in their research, each on a different test.(研究小组在他们的研究中使用了“在哪里”和“谁”两个问题，每个问题都在不同的测试中使用。)”和划线单词所在句子“Each dolphin was first trained to retrieve a ball from the water, and then trained to get a ball by approaching a person holding it in front of them while ignoring an empty-handed person standing at a different spot. (每只海豚首先被训练从水中retrieve一个球，然后被训练通过接近一个拿着球的人而忽略站在不同位置的一个空手的人来获得一个球。)”可知，实验测试海豚的情景记忆，即识别“哪里”和“谁”的概念。由此可推知，retrieve与下文get意思相近，即每只海豚首先被训练从水中获取一个球，然后被训练通过接近一个拿着球的人而忽略站在不同位置的一个空手的人来获得一个球。故retrieve与A项“Fecth(获取)”意思一样，故选A。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“During this training, the locations were randomized(使随机化) and the person holding the ball differed each time, so that those details were irrelevant to learning the retrieving behavior. Then, for the tests, the dolphins were asked to retrieve the ball as they had learned to do, but after 10 minutes, something changed-this time, the ball couldn’t be seen, as it was now behind one of the two people’s backs. In the “where” tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the “who” tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who’d had it previously.(在这次训练中，地点是随机的，每次拿球的人都不一样，所以这些细节与学习取球行为无关。然后，在测试中，海豚被要求像它们学会的那样去捡球，但是10分钟后，情况发生了变化——这一次，球看不见了，因为它现在在两个人中的一个人的背后。在“哪里”测试中，球藏在与训练中相同的位置，但是两个人都被改变了，而在“谁”测试中，人的位置改变了，但是球仍然在之前拥有它的人手中。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了海豚需要完成的记忆任务。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the “where” tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the “who” tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who’d had it previously.(在“哪里”测试中，球藏在与训练中相同的位置，但是两个人都被改变了，而在“谁”测试中，人的位置改变了，但是球仍然在之前拥有它的人手中。)”可推知，实验中避开了海豚熟悉某个地点或某个人的影响，故选D。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Kelly Jaakkola, a psychologist, says that based on their cognitive skills, dolphins are a good candidate for having episodic-like memory, and this study goes really far in showing that. (心理学家Kelly Jaakkola说，基于它们的认知能力，海豚是拥有情节性记忆的很好的候选者，而这项研究表明了这一点。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究表明，海豚可能拥有情景记忆，B项“海豚可能记得个人经历”适合作文章标题，故选B。
D
After years of blue-collar(蓝领)jobs being replaced by machines, advanced chatbots are now breathing down white collars. Generative Al tools, such as ChatGPT, have made impressive progress in generating human-sounding language and understanding context. So much so that humans are no match for them in some tasks. Up to 300 million full-time jobs could be lost around the world, which is as much as 18% of the global workforce.
A recent study by OpenAI, the creator of ChatGPT, looked at the potential for automation across 1,016 jobs. Humans and AI separately rated how well software powered by large-language models, which are trained on a sea of information from the Internet and then reacted quickly to specific functions, could perform 19,000 tasks involved in the jobs. If the software was considered able to reduce the time it takes humans to complete the task by at least half, without a drop in quality, the task was considered ready for AI replacement. For other tasks, the company imagined additional software that could be added to the model, such as computer tools that can automatically pull fresh data from the Internet. They found that 80% of Americans could have at least 10% of their work tasks done by advanced Al tools. The figure rises to 50% of tasks for around 19% of workers.
This automation should not be feared. It could free workers from repeated tasks, contributing to greater productivity. A study published on April 5 suggests that generative AI could bring about sweeping changes to the global economy. As these tools could drive a 7% increase in global GDP and lift productivity by 1. 5 percentage points over a 10-year period.
But studies like this may overstate the potential for automation, ignoring some tacit skills(隐性技能)in professions they know less about. Human qualities important for some jobs, such as empathy or charisma(感召力), will be overlooked. And not all tasks capable of being carried out by AI should be: a man in love should feel it a shame for using it to write a love letter to his beloved girlfriend however touching and sincere it may sound.
Many businesses are also not willing to accept AI. And those who have already accepted it are at the risk of practical and legal(法律的) confusion. When chatbots do not know what to say, they often talk nonsense. The “creative” output they produce is based on a mixture of data sourced from the Internet, raising issues around accuracy, privacy and intellectual property(知识产权).
While much is unknown about how generative AI will influence the world economy and society and it will take time to play out, there are clear signs that the effects could be profound. But in the real world, AI tools will still need handlers. That may even end up creating new jobs.
42. What is the function of Paragraph 1?
A. To show the popularity of AI tools.
B. To give examples of using generative AI tools.
C. To draw readers’ attention to the possible threat of AI.
D. To compare the impacts of AI on blue and white collars.
43. According to the study by OpenAI, AI can replace humans when________.
A. it can perform certain creative tasks
B. automation is powered by large-language models
C. it develops important human qualities like empathy
D. Al tools improve productivity without damaging quality
44. The author would probably agree that________.
A. AI tools may help increase employment
B. AI will eventually take over human jobs
C. AI and automation do more harm than good
D. human qualities are not necessary for automation
【答案】42. C 43. D 44. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了生成式人工智能工具，如 ChatGPT，在生成听起来像人的语言和理解上下文方面取得了令人印象深刻的进展。以至于人类在某些任务中无法与之匹敌。全世界可能会有多达3亿个全职工作岗位流失，相当于全球劳动力总数的18% 。但是我们不应该害怕这种自动化。因为它可以使工人从重复的任务中解放出来，从而提高生产力。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“After years of blue-collar(蓝领)jobs being replaced by machines, advanced chatbots are now breathing down white collars. Generative Al tools, such as ChatGPT, have made impressive progress in generating human-sounding language and understanding context. So much so that humans are no match for them in some tasks. Up to 300 million full-time jobs could be lost around the world, which is as much as 18% of the global workforce.(在多年的蓝领工作被机器取代之后，先进的聊天机器人现在正在吸引白领的注意力。生成式人工智能工具，如 ChatGPT，在生成听起来像人的语言和理解上下文方面取得了令人印象深刻的进展。以至于人类在某些任务中无法与之匹敌。全世界可能会有多达3亿个全职工作岗位流失，相当于全球劳动力总数的18% 。)”可推知，第一段提醒读者注意人工智能的潜在威胁。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“If the software was considered able to reduce the time it takes humans to complete the task by at least half, without a drop in quality, the task was considered ready for AI replacement.(如果该软件被认为能够将人类完成任务的时间至少减少一半，而且质量没有下降，那么该任务被认为已经可以用人工智能替代。)”可知，根据OpenAI的研究，当人工智能工具在不损害质量且提高生产力时，人工智能可以取代人类，故选D。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But in the real world, AI tools will still need handlers. That may even end up creating new jobs.(但在现实世界中，人工智能工具仍然需要处理程序。这甚至可能最终创造新就业机会。)”可知，作者可能会同意人工智能工具可能有助于增加就业，故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nicholas Epley, a behavioural scientist, and I conducted a series of studies and concluded that kind acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can promote a person’s happiness. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always catch them. ____45____
We firstly studied acts of kindness done for familiar people such as friends, classmates or family. ____46____ For instance, in one experiment, people wrote notes to friends and family “just because”. In another, they gave cupcakes away to workmates. Across these experiments, we asked both the person performing a kind act and the one receiving it to fill out questionnaires (问卷).
Across our studies, several strong patterns appeared. For one, both performers and receivers of the acts of kindness were in more positive moods than normal after these kind acts. ____47____ The receivers felt significantly better than the kind actors expected. The receivers also reliably rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.
____48____In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink (溜冰场) in a public park gave away hot chocolate to people they didn’t know on a cold winter day. Again, the experience was more positive than the performers expected for the receivers. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively small, it really mattered to the receivers.
These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for, These warm acts can improve our own emotional health and brighten the day of another person. ____49____
A. So why not choose kindness when we can?
B. For another, it was clear that performers undervalued their impacts.
C. From one situation to the next, the specific acts of kindness differed.
D. We found that participants didn’t realize their positive impacts on strangers as well.
E. Our research also revealed one reason why people may not realize their actions’ impacts.
F. We compared the performers’ expectation of the receivers’ moods with their actual experiences.
G. It is because people performing kind acts undervalue how much receivers value their behaviour.
【答案】45. G 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了行为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利（Nicholas Epley）和作者进行了一系列研究，得出的结论是，友善的行为就像为某人买一杯咖啡一样简单，可以提升一个人的幸福感。
【45题详解】
上文“Nicholas Epley, a behavioural scientist, and I conducted a series of studies and concluded that kind acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can promote a person’s happiness. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always catch them. (行为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利（Nicholas Epley）和我进行了一系列研究，得出的结论是，友善的行为就像为某人买一杯咖啡一样简单，可以提升一个人的幸福感。日常生活为这种行为提供了许多机会，然而人们并不总是能抓住它们。)”指出友善的行为可以提升一个人的幸福感，但是人们在日常生活中并不总是能抓住机会表现出友善，空处承接上文，指出起原因，G项“这是因为表现善良的人低估了接受者对他们行为的重视程度。”符合，故选G。
【46题详解】
根据下文“For instance, in one experiment, people wrote notes to friends and family “just because”. In another, they gave cupcakes away to workmates.(例如，在一个实验中，人们给朋友和家人写便条“仅仅是因为”。在另一个实验中，他们把纸杯蛋糕送给同事。)”可知，实验过程中，不同的情况善行是不同的，C项“从一个情况到下一个情况，具体的善行不同。”符合，引起下文，故选C。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Across our studies, several strong patterns appeared. For one, both performers and receivers of the acts of kindness were in more positive moods than normal after these kind acts.(在我们的研究中，出现了几种强烈的模式。一方面，善意行为的表现者和接受者在这些善意行为之后都比正常情绪更加积极。)”中的For one可知，此处介绍了强烈模式中的一方面，空处应该是介绍另一方面，B项“另一方面，很明显表演者低估了他们的影响力。”符合，For one和For another相呼应，故选B。
【48题详解】
下文“In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink (溜冰场) in a public park gave away hot chocolate to people they didn’t know on a cold winter day. Again, the experience was more positive than the performers expected for the receivers. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively small, it really mattered to the receivers.(在一个实验中，参与者在一个公园的溜冰场里，在一个寒冷的冬天给陌生人送热巧克力。再次，这种体验比执行者对接收者的期望更积极。虽然分发热巧克力的人认为这种行为相对较小，但是对于接受者来说却很重要。)”介绍实验发现参与者没有意识到他们对陌生人的积极影响，D项“我们发现参与者也没有意识到他们对陌生人的积极影响。”符合，故选D。
【49题详解】
上文“These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for, These warm acts can improve our own emotional health and brighten the day of another person. (这些发现表明，当我们决定是否为别人做一件好事时，那些看起来微不足道的事情对于我们为之做事的人来说可能意义重大。这些温暖的行为可以改善我们自己的情绪健康，并照亮别人的一天。)”对文章进行了总结，指出了善行的重要意义，A项“所以为什么不在可以的时候选择善良呢？”承接上文，呼应我们要善行，故选A。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Why Learning a New Language Is Good for the Whole Family
Ever thought of making language learning part of your family’s activities? Learning a new language together can have unexpected emotional benefits for the whole family.
Combining family time with language learning time is a great way for more quality time. Learning a new language as a family can be a fun group activity. Everyone loves a game night or movie night. You can play games like Bingo, using vocabulary from the target language. Or maybe you have a particular vacation destination you love where another language is widely spoken—learning that language together could make your next vacation even more enjoyable. They’re a fun way to break up the daily routine(常规) and reconnect with those you love.
Language is all about communication and connection. Learning a new language brings family members closer because they talk to each other all the time when learning. All you have to do is change to your new language and practice with your family members whenever you want-no classroom needed. Telling family stories with what you have recently learned is a good place to start, which could inspire questions and additional conversations, and even create a familect—secret words and phrases shared only among the members of your family.
If your family is big on gardening, make labels(标签) together for your plants and tools. Making fun labels in your target language together can also help you connect with loved family members. It opens up more opportunities like family contests. You could surprise each other with notes on pillows, bathroom mirrors, inside dresser drawers—any place your family will find them. Using these words later recalls these family memories.
Each family is really its own little unique social world, and that world is being built through language. The power of language learning lies in its ability to draw people together.
50. According to the passage, what is a great way to have more quality time with your family?
________________
51. Why does studying a new language bring family members closer?
________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Making fun labels together for garden plants and tools in your target language can help you win family contests.
________________
53. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think learning new language can bring to you? (In about 40 words)
________________
【答案】50. Learning a new language together.
51. Because they talk to each other all the time when learning.
52. Making fun labels together for garden plants and tools in your target language can help you win family contests.
It can help you connect with loved family members.
53. (1) Learning a new language can promote better communication. I can communicate with a wider range of people, both in my personal and professional life. Also, it increases cultural awareness since learning a new language exposes me to new cultures and ways of thinking, helping me understand different perspectives.
(2) Learning a new language enhances job opportunities. It can be a valuable asset in the job market, especially in industries that require communication with people from different countries. By acquiring a new language, I will have more opportunities to advance or shift my career.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么学习一门新语言对整个家庭有好处。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Learning a new language together can have unexpected emotional benefits for the whole family.(一起学习一门新的语言可以给整个家庭带来意想不到的情感收益。)”可知，和家人一起学习一门新的语言是与家人共度更多美好时光的好方法，故填Learning a new language together.。
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Learning a new language brings family members closer because they talk to each other all the time when learning.(学习一门新的语言可以使家庭成员之间更加亲密，因为他们在学习的过程中一直在交谈。)”可知，学习一门新语言会让家庭成员更加亲密是因为他们在学习的时候总是互相交谈。故填Because they talk to each other all the time when learning.。
52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Making fun labels in your target language together can also help you connect with loved family members.(一起用你的目标语言制作有趣的标签也可以帮助你与你所爱的家庭成员建立联系。)”可知，一起用你的目标语言制作有趣的标签也可以帮助你与你所爱的家庭成员建立联系，而非帮助你赢得家庭竞赛。所以该陈述“Making fun labels together for garden plants and tools in your target language can help you win family contests.”中win family contests是错误的，故填Making fun labels together for garden plants and tools in your target language can help you win family contests. It can help you connect with loved family members.。
【53题详解】
开放试题。言之有理即可。题目问“除了文章中提到的，你认为学习新语言还能给你带来什么好处？（大约40个单词）”可知，学习一门新语言可以促进更好的交流。我可以和更多的人交流，无论是在我的个人生活还是职业生涯中。另外，学习一门新的语言可以让我接触到新的文化和思维方式，帮助我理解不同的观点，从而提高我的文化意识。答案也可为：学习一门新语言可增加就业机会。在就业市场，尤其是那些需要与来自不同国家的人沟通的行业，它可能是一项宝贵的资产。通过学习一门新的语言，我将有更多的机会来提升或改变我的职业生涯。故填(1) Learning a new language can promote better communication. I can communicate with a wider range of people, both in my personal and professional life. Also, it increases cultural awareness since learning a new language exposes me to new cultures and ways of thinking, helping me understand different perspectives.(2) Learning a new language enhances job opportunities. It can be a valuable asset in the job market, especially in industries that require communication with people from different countries. By acquiring a new language, I will have more opportunities to advance or shift my career.
第二节(20分)
54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你校将要举办主题为“变废为宝”的手工作品展。请用英文给英国交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍该活动;
2.邀请他参加。
提示词：手工作品展handicrafts exhibition
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Possible version
Dear Jim,
How’s it going? Our school will hold a handicrafts exhibition to encourage us to turn trash into treasure. I’m writing to invite you to take part in it.
In order to promote green lifestyle, we are asked to transform used items into all-new,functional ones and submit them by July 16. For instance, we can give a second life to disposable chopsticks by turning them into home decorations. The most creative designs will be on display in the lecture hall from July 19 to 23.
I know you are an environmental activist. Would you like to join us? I’m sure with our efforts, we can do our part to raise people’s awareness of living a green life.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国交换生Jim写一封信，介绍学校将要举办主题为“变废为宝”的手工作品展。
【详解】1.词汇积累
展览：exhibition →display
参加：take part in→participate in
为了：in order to→so as to
提交：submit→present
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The most creative designs will be on display in the lecture hall from July 19 to 23.
拓展句：The designs which are the most creative will be on display in the lecture hall from July 19 to 23.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Our school will hold a handicrafts exhibition to encourage us to turn trash into treasure.（运用了动词不定式做目的状语）
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