广东省深圳市2022-2023学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题

这是一份广东省深圳市2022-2023学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题，共26页。试卷主要包含了单项选择，阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

广东省深圳市2022-2023学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、单项选择
1．Though mom said she didn’t need the new bag for her birthday, I believed she was secretly ________.
A．embarrassed B．confused C．delighted D．inspired
2．An ________ voice came over the radio, giving a fire warning and asking us to leave the building right away.
A．encouraging B．annoying C．innocent D．urgent
3．They didn’t begin to celebrate until they knew their victory was ________.
A．symbolic B．recent C．quick D．secure
4．The store said they would repair the television for free since it was still under ________.
A．construction B．guarantee C．control D．threat
5．Considering his leg injuries, there can be little ________ of him winning the race.
A．intervention B．awareness C．expectation D．tolerance
6．—We could go to an Italian or Chinese restaurant tonight. What do you think?
—Either one is fine. I don’t have a ________.
A．responsibility B．preference C．companion D．deadline
7．I didn’t want to ________ her when she had so many tasks of her own.
A．forgive B．cherish C．bother D．greet
8．Grandma ________ from room to room, not sure of what she was looking for.
A．struggled B．wandered C．coughed D．swept
9．The musician was able to ________ a wide range of instruments to create a beautiful symphony.
A．employ B．measure C．decorate D．repair
10．The yearly income of the newspaper dropped ________ from $57.8 billion in 2020 to $14.3 billion in 2021.
A．dramatically B．potentially C．slightly D．steadily
11．Couples in China are allowed to have three children, ________, in my opinion, is helpful in dealing with the problem of the increasingly aging population.
A．that B．who C．what D．which
12．Bungee Jumping is a very popular sport, ________ courage matters more than strength.
A．that B．why C．where D．which
13．________ he is invited to someone’s home for dinner, he brings a gift, like a bunch of flowers.
A．However B．Whenever C．Wherever D．Whichever
14．—Excuse me, Madam. A reporter ________ all day. Would you like to speak to him now?
—Ok, put me through.
A．was called B．has been called C．is calling D．has been calling
15．The amazing sculptures in the Dunhuang Caves ________ by visitors for centuries before they were recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.
A．would be admired B．had been admired C．had admired D．admired
16．—How can I find your assistant at the airport?
—Don’t worry. He ________ a board with your name on it at that time.
A．has been holding B．will be holding C．will be held D．has held
17．I have to say ________ was thrilling to see the little zebra make a narrow escape from the crocodile.
A．that B．what C．this D．it
18．The doctor suggested ________ the intake of high-fat food to improve her health condition.
A．restricting B．to be restricted C．to restrict D．restricted
19．The goal of the fund is ________ in scholarships that help students complete their education.
A．investing B．to be invested C．to invest D．invested
20．________ I love most about this city is its lively art scenes and welcoming communities.
A．What B．That C．Why D．Which
21．When you ________ others, focusing on behavior rather than character can avoid making personal attacks.
A．bring up B．drive away C．tell off D．turn to
22．—This sauce needs more flavour.
—I know, some lemon juice should ________.
A．do the trick B．lead the way C．make the point D．break the ice
23．Don’t worry. You’ve left your mother ________. This hospital has the best nursing team in the city.
A．out of control B．in good hands C．behind the wheel D．against all odds
24．Life isn’t just about ________ oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide.
A．reacting with B．giving off C．using up D．taking in
25．Changing schools means I have to ________ new environment, unfamiliar faces and different school rules.
A．adapt to B．leave out C．withdraw from D．depend on

二、阅读理解
Volunteering is a great way to develop new skills, gain experience and connect with others. If you are interested in volunteering, here are some recommended opportunities.
Disabled People’s Buddy
Become a buddy to help young disabled people. You can decide how to spend your time together, whether in an art exhibition or a little concert, but remember to take care of him or her. We hope that you understand the importance of protecting people’s dignity, communicate with them patiently, and devote 3-4 hours every week to the project for at least six months.
App Content Creator
We’re making an app to promote protection of our planet from climate change. We’re looking for someone who cares about the climate crisis and uses online design tools skilfully. If you are admitted, you will work at least 4 hours per week from home to help publicize green living, but you will learn a lot about marketing and brand building.
Volunteer Map Editor
Your primary responsibility is to update structure data for The National Map using our mapping app. Structures include schools, hospitals, police stations, and other important public buildings. Since this is an ongoing remote computer-based activity, you can participate from anywhere you have reliable Internet access if it suits your schedule.
Citizen TV Volunteer
Make a change-making feature documentary with us. You will research, film, and bring to light some inspiring stories over the past 160 years. No prior skills are required, and you will receive professional camera training. You will work from day to night, so please get your body and mind prepared.
26．What should you do as a buddy of disabled people?
A．Discover their artistic talents. B．Accompany them with respect.
C．Provide them with medical care. D．Develop their communication skills.
27．How can one benefit from becoming an app content creator?
A．Adopt a healthy lifestyle. B．Promote personal brands.
C．Take online design courses. D．Acquire marketing knowledge.
28．Which volunteer opportunity is the most flexible in terms of working time?
A．Disabled People’s Buddy. B．App Content Creator.
C．Volunteer Map Editor. D．Citizen TV Volunteer.

In my early teens, I was once given a film camera as a gift. On receiving it, I jumped on my bike, headed to Wimbledon Common and took photos, just for me: photos of trees and wildlife. I was out all day. On my way home I spotted a tree lit up by street lighting and tried to capture its splendour. Rushing home, I popped the spent film in a special little envelope and sent it off to a photography store, desperate to see how it came out. I took many photos then and loved the fact that when you processed your film you got back colour photos which froze the precious moments, gently encouraging the hobby and the payments for processing.
As I grew into adulthood, that simple, deep happiness gradually faded away. One weekend when I was busy answering the work calls, my eyes caught a box in the corner of the room. I suddenly felt a sense of sadness. The stress growing over these years had pushed the camera from beside my pillow to the box in the corner. I thought I needed a change.
I took out the camera and dusted it down. It was a great joy that it still worked. I bought new film and took the camera everywhere I went. Now it is always on hand to accompany me on journeys, to allow me time to myself. Even if the day is full and busy, I can seize some moments for myself to take photos, to observe the world around me.
The wall of my room now holds all my camera equipment on display, along with photos I’ve taken. To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight.
29．What did the author think of taking photos as a young boy?
A．Inspiring and practical. B．Tiring yet delightful.
C．Exciting and worthwhile. D．Difficult yet engaging.
30．Why did the author stop taking photos according to paragraph 2?
A．He wanted to focus on his work.
B．He was struck by sudden sorrow.
C．He attempted to behave like an adult.
D．He was faced with increasing pressure.
31．What did the author get from picking up his hobby?
A．More fun in the daily routine. B．New journeys in the wild.
C．Better skills of observation. D．Different styles of photography.
32．What is the best title for the text?
A．Revisiting Lost Childhood Memories
B．Appreciating Beauty Behind the Lens
C．Escaping Teenage Sadness with Camera
D．Regaining Pleasure Through Photography

Musa Haidar holds a coconut (椰子) to his ear and shakes it from side to side. Its sound pleases the market trader, who puts the large brown fruit back on the pile at his market stand in the suburb of Zanzibar, a city on the East African Island.
His customers are less happy, however. A coconut going for 500 shillings a few years ago today sells for 1,500 shillings. That makes it more expensive to cook curries or other dishes using coconut milk. “The prices are not normal,” says Mr. Haidar. “Coconuts have become expensive for local people.”
Why have prices gone nuts? “People are chopping (砍), chopping,” he explains. A count in 2014 found just 3.4 million coconut trees, down from 5.7 million in the late 1990s. Since hungry Zanzibaris still demand creamy fish curries and beans baked in coconut milk, falling supply has led to higher prices. Coconuts from the mainland are pricier because of high transport costs.
The logging of coconut trees reflects the urbanization wave in Zanzibar and the rest of Africa where urban sprawl is the most striking feature, cities extending outwards rather than growing upwards. Because of that, when people move to a new land, they chop down the coconut trees to make space for their new homes.
Moreover, some houses and island hotels have furniture made from coconut wood. Emmanuel Elias, a woodworker, explains that it is cheaper than the imported one. By law farmers cannot chop down fruit-bearing trees for furniture; in practice it is hard to stop them. Even if they obey the rules, many do not plant new trees, since these take at least six years to produce fruits, and fifteen years to reach maximum production levels. State subsidies (补贴) for seeds have proved no match for urban population growth.
In his workshop, Mr. Elias dusts off a solid dressing table he is selling for 400,000 shillings. He points out that it is made of coconut wood. “This is the land of coconut trees,” he says. But for how much longer?
33．What leads to the high price of coconuts in Zanzibar?
A．The demand going beyond the supply.
B．Local people raising the price randomly.
C．The transportation developing too slowly.
D．Residents consuming too much coconut milk
34．What does the underlined word “sprawl” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Structure. B．Capacity. C．Expansion. D．Management.
35．Why are farmers in Zanzibar unwilling to plant coconut trees?
A．They can’t get the state subsidies.
B．They can’t afford to wait for fruits.
C．They are following the existing regulations.
D．They have switched to the furniture industry.
36．What can we infer about the author’s opinion on coconut trees from the text?
A．He worries about their future.
B．He expects their faster growth.
C．He takes pride in their number.
D．He doubts their value for furniture.

In the days before the Internet, critical thinking was the most important skill of informed citizens. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring.
As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers intentionally control their information environment to reduce exposure to false and low-quality information.
According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which involves the removal of low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank on willpower not to click eye-catching “news,” he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sight to begin with.
The next is to evaluate the reliability of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false and misleading information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputations for being trustworthy.
The last goes by the phrase “do not feed the trolls.” Trolls are actors who intentionally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.
By sharpening our critical ignoring skills in these ways, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds.
37．What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2?
A．It offers little information. B．It features depressing stories.
C．It saves time for Internet users. D．It seeks profits from each click.
38．Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3?
A．To discuss the quality of information.
B．To prove the benefits of healthy food.
C．To show the importance of environments.
D．To explain the effectiveness of willpower.
39．What should we do to handle Internet trolls according to the text?
A．Reveal their intention. B．Turn a deaf ear to them.
C．Correct their behaviour. D．Send hard facts to them.
40．What is the text mainly about?
A．Reasons for critical thinking in the attention economy.
B．Practising the skill of critical ignoring in the digital age.
C．Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet.
D．Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users.


三、七选五
Field trips have now become a popular and well-established method of education. A field trip is a journey organized by schools or educational institutions to a place outside of the classroom. 41 Therefore, the activities during a field trip are often designed to provide them with hands-on experiences.
Field trips can be taken to a variety of destinations. The most popular ones include museums, factories, zoos and botanical gardens. Field trips can also involve visits to historical sites and other places of interest. Sometimes even an outing to a park nearby can make a good field trip. 42
Field trips help improve academic performance. Participants in a field trip are engaged in various activities about a subject matter. 43 They could also pick up new knowledge through observation and interaction. Studies provide evidence that field trips can increase students’ test scores.
44 During a field trip, students are exposed to interactive activities and novel experiences that are not often available in a classroom, which awakens their interest and helps them rediscover the joy in study. This may be particularly important for students who are struggling academically.
A field trip can be challenging to organize due to factors such as high costs and safety concerns. 45 Teachers regard this outing as a good way of helping students and developing a good relationship with them. Students, moreover, may remember the experience of the school field trip as a highlight of the school year.
A．Field trips also promote a love of learning.
B．That is why field trips are in decline in recent years.
C．In this way, they could gain a better understanding of it.
D．It is intended to help students learn in a real-world context.
E．The quality of a field trip always depends on its destination.
F．Still, it is believed that a well-chosen field trip is worth the difficulties.
G．Whatever the destination is, the key is to make sure the trip is practical.


四、完形填空
Wu Lidi, a 48-year-old cleaning lady, was surprised by an exhibition of her paintings held by students at Nanjing University. The paintings 46 were Wu’s works on a blackboard in a student dormitory where she works. The themes of the works 47 from the colorful university campus to beautiful natural scenery.
During the exhibition named “A Cleaning Lady’s Spring,” many students left handwritten messages of 48 to Wu, including “Thank you for your blackboard paintings that have 49 me through four years of my youth.”
While Wu has never received professional training in painting, she has had a 50 for it since she was young. After becoming a cleaner in a dormitory at Nanjing University, she 51 to draw pictures on a blackboard, which 52 had only a few characters reading “Welcome Home.” The attempt became the starting point of Wu’s 53 journey of life and she has since become increasingly 54 to practising painting skills in her spare time.
As her 55 improved, the contents of her works on the blackboard changed from 56 objects to complex landscapes. Her talent and devotion have received much-deserved 57 from students of the university and she has become widely known as “a cleaning lady who could have become a(n) 58 .”
Wu is grateful to the students who held the exhibition for her, saying it is their encouragement that keeps her 59 her hobby.
Wu’s story is a 60 that anyone can achieve greatness and inspire others, regardless of their background or position in life.
46．A．donated B．exchanged C．displayed D．stored
47．A．moved B．resulted C．benefited D．ranged
48．A．gratitude B．courage C．sympathy D．concern
49．A．disturbed B．accompanied C．challenged D．praised
50．A．reason B．chance C．passion D．question
51．A．volunteered B．remembered C．refused D．pretended
52．A．fortunately B．surprisingly C．previously D．interestingly
53．A．comfortable B．typical C．independent D．extraordinary
54．A．opposed B．devoted C．related D．limited
55．A．conditions B．qualities C．relations D．techniques
56．A．abstract B．simple C．natural D．similar
57．A．recognition B．comparison C．interruption D．competition
58．A．student B．author C．performer D．artist
59．A．writing down B．searching for C．sticking to D．passing on
60．A．promise B．reminder C．memory D．chapter


五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first “forest library” in Shanghai recently opened to the public. Known 61 Read & Joy Forest, the forest library is located in the green space near Shanghai Library. Covering 62 area of 20,546 square meters, it allows visitors to take a pleasant walk in the quiet green forest, 63 includes various kinds of trees.
The design of the forest library ensures minimal disturbance to the forest, with existing green spaces 64 (connect) by wooden walkways. And the open-air library 65 (equip) with facilities such as benches and an information booth, giving readers the chance 66 (relax) and read in a natural environment.
“The green outdoor environment helps reduce the stress of eyes 67 (effective). I will come back for sure,” said a 21-year-old college student named Wang Lei.
Having a library in the woods 68 (offer) different reading experiences to readers. Most of the visitors to the forest library are young people and parents with their children, who either bury themselves in reading 69 take leisurely walks in the forest. “I was really impressed by the fresh air and the scents (气味) of the trees here. The library makes it possible to enjoy reading in natural 70 (surrounding),” said one reader sitting on a bench.


六、读后续写
71．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Anna’s fear of beetles dated back to her childhood. These little bugs were always her nightmare. So when Ms. Castle assigned topics for the school science fair, the least thing Anna wanted was the beetles. But the paper placed on her desk read — Science topic: Beetle; Partner: Tali Perkins. Anna couldn’t believe her bad luck. Actually, Anna felt great pressure when she was with Tali, the smartest girl in class.
According to Ms. Castle, there were mainly two tasks — to create a display and to talk about the subject in front of others at the fair. The next day, Tali ran up to Anna and showered her with all sorts of information about beetles and even suggested that they catch live beetles in the park for display. Anna’s mouth dropped open at this idea, but Tali walked away before she could say anything.
After an inner battle, Anna felt her feeling also counted, so she sent Tali an email and clearly explained her fear of beetles, hoping dead specimens (标本) would be used for the display.
Surprisingly, Tali replied to the email instantly. She apologized for not realizing Anna’s panic earlier and shared her fear of speaking in public. “We both have our own fears. But I do think a live beetle can win us extra points. So why don’t we help each other, like real partners?” It never occurred to Anna that someone as excellent as Tali could also have fears. Considering there was no better choice, Anna came to accept Tali’s offer.
The following days, Tali prepared Anna with dozens of colorful pictures of beetles to help her get used to them, while Anna helped Tali get over her fear by practising their presentation together. Although the thought of catching live beetles still seemed scary, Anna finally decided to give it a try and joined Tali to the park.
注意：
1. 续写两段文字；
2. 词数150左右；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Armed with a flashlight one night, they found a big fallen tree in the park.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then came the day for Tali and Anna to present their research at the fair.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然妈妈说她不需要这个新包作为生日礼物，但我相信她心里很高兴。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. confused困惑的；C. delighted高兴的；D. inspired有灵感的。根据“Though mom said she didn’t need the new bag for her birthday,”可知，妈妈收到生日礼物心里会偷偷地高兴。故选C。
2．D
【详解】考查形容词。句意：收音机里传来一个紧急的声音，发出火灾警告，并要求我们立即离开大楼。A. encouraging鼓舞人心的；B. annoying令人厌烦的；C. innocent无辜的；D. urgent紧急的。根据句意可知，发出火灾警告，应是紧急的声音。故选D。
3．D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到他们知道胜利已经确定，他们才开始庆祝。A. symbolic象征的；B. recent最近的；C. quick快的；D. secure有把握的。根据前文“They didn’t begin to celebrate until they knew their victory”可知，应是胜利确定了才开始庆祝符合语境。故选D项。
4．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：商店说他们将免费修理电视机，因为它仍在保修期内。A. construction建筑；B. guarantee保修单；C. control管制；D. threat威胁。根据前文“The store said they would repair the television for free”可知，可以免费修理电视机，因为它仍在保修期内。故选B项。
5．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到他的腿伤，他赢得比赛的希望不大。A. intervention干预；B. awareness认识；C. expectation指望；D. tolerance宽容。根据前文“Considering his leg injuries”可知，他的腿受伤了，所以赢得比赛的希望不大。故选C项。
6．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——我们今晚可以去意大利或中国餐馆。你觉得呢？——哪一个都可以。我没有偏好。A. responsibility责任；B. preference偏好；C. companion陪同；D. deadline最后期限。根据“Either one is fine”可知，哪个都行，没有明显偏好。故选B。
7．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她自己有那么多事情要做，我不想打扰她。A. forgive原谅；B. cherish珍惜；C. bother打扰；D. greet迎接。根据后文“she had so many tasks of her own”可知，她自己有那么多事情要做，所以“我”不想打扰她。故选C项。
8．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奶奶从一个房间走到另一个房间，不知道自己在找什么。A. struggled斗争；B. wandered徘徊；C. coughed咳嗽；D. swept清扫。根据后文“not sure of what she was looking for”可知，奶奶是在找东西，所以是在徘徊。故选B项。
9．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位音乐家能够运用多种乐器创作出一首优美的交响乐。A. employ应用；B. measure测量；C. decorate装饰；D. repair维修。由语意可知，音乐家可以应用多种乐器创作交响乐。故选A项。
10．A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：该报的年收入从2020年的578亿美元急剧下降到2021年的143亿美元。A. dramatically显著地；B. potentially潜在地；C. slightly稍微；D. steadily稳定地。根据后文“from $57.8 billion in 2020 to $14.3 billion in 2021”可知收入是显著下降了。故选A项。
11．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国允许一对夫妇生三个孩子，在我看来，这有助于解决日益老龄化的人口问题。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故选D项。
12．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：蹦极是一项非常受欢迎的运动，在这里勇气比力量更重要。句中先行词为sport，在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选C。
13．B
【详解】考查连词。句意：每当他被邀请去别人家吃饭时，他都会带一份礼物，比如一束花。A. However然而；B. Whenever每当；C. Wherever无论何地；D. Whichever无论哪一个。由句意可知，每当他被邀请去别人家吃饭时都会带上礼物。故选B。
14．D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——对不起，夫人。一个记者打来了一整天的电话。你现在要和他说话吗？——好的，给我接通。根据“all day”和“Would you like to speak to him now?”可知，这个记者打了一整天的电话，说明他从过去就打电话，一直打到现在，所以用现在完成进行时。故选D。
15．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在1987年被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产之前，敦煌石窟中令人惊叹的雕塑已经被游客们欣赏了几个世纪。分析句子结构，空处为主句谓语动词，主语sculptures和admire之间为被动关系，本句应用被动语态，根据时间状语for centuries以及before引导的时间状语从句，描述的是过去某个时间前已经完成的动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B项。
16．B
【详解】考查动词时态、语态。句意：——我怎样才能在机场找到你的助理？——不要担心。到时候，他会拿着一块写着你名字的牌子。根据时间状语at that time可知，此处表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，应用将来进行时，hold与逻辑主语He之间为主谓关系，应用主动语态。故选B项。
17．D
【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：我不得不说，看到小斑马从鳄鱼手中死里逃生真是太惊险了。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定句型：it is/was+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是怎么样的”，此处是省略that的宾语从句，从句中应填it作形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。故选D项。
18．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医生建议限制高脂肪食物的摄入以改善她的健康状况。suggest doing sth.建议做某事。故选A。
19．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该基金的目标是投资奖学金，帮助学生完成学业。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以invest用非谓语形式，根据句意此处表目的，应是用不定式作表语。故选C项。
20．A
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我最喜欢这个城市的是它生动的艺术场景和热情的社区。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用what引导。故选A项。
21．C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你责备别人的时候，把重点放在行为上而不是性格上可以避免人身攻击。A. bring up谈及；B. drive away驶离；C. tell off斥责；D. turn to求助于。根据后文“focusing on behavior rather than character can avoid making personal attacks.”可知，此处说把重点放在行为上而不是性格上可以避免人身攻击，是说在责备他人。故选C项。
22．A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——这个酱汁需要再加些味道。——我知道了，来点柠檬汁就可以了。A. do the trick奏效；B. lead the way带路；C. make the point表明观点；D. break the ice打破沉默。根据前文“This sauce needs more flavour.”可知，酱汁需要再加些味道，所以来点柠檬汁应该能奏效。故选A项。
23．B
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：别担心。你把你母亲托付给了很好的人。这家医院有本市最好的护理团队。A. out of control失去控制；B. in good hands得到很好的照顾；C. behind the wheel掌舵；主管； 控制；D. against all odds不顾一切。根据“This hospital has the best nursing team in the city.”可知，将母亲托付给可靠的人，会得到很好的照顾。故选B。
24．D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：生命不仅仅是吸入氧气，释放二氧化碳。A. reacting with与……反应；B.  giving off释放；C. using up用完；D. taking in吸收。根据后文“and giving out carbon dioxide”可知，空处应和释放二氧化碳相对应，所以是吸入氧气。故选D项。
25．A
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：换学校意味着我必须适应新的环境，不熟悉的面孔和不同的校规。A. adapt to适应；B. leave out不考虑；遗漏；C. withdraw from退出；离开；D. depend on依靠。根据“Changing schools”和常识可知，转学意味着得适应新的环境。故选A。
26．B 27．D 28．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要向读者介绍了一些志愿活动项目。
26．细节理解题，根据Disabled People’s Buddy中的“We hope that you understand the importance of protecting people’s dignity, communicate with them patiently, and devote 3-4 hours every week to the project for at least six months. (我们希望你能理解保护人的尊严的重要性，耐心地与他们沟通，每周花3-4个小时在这个项目上，至少持续6个月)”可知，作为残疾人的朋友，应该带着尊重陪伴他们。故选B。
27．细节理解题，根据App Content Creator中的“If you are admitted, you will work at least 4 hours per week from home to help publicize green living, but you will learn a lot about marketing and brand building. (如果你被录用，你将每周在家工作至少4个小时，以帮助宣传绿色生活，但你将学到很多关于市场营销和品牌建设的知识)”可知，成为应用程序内容创造者可以获得的好处是获取市场营销知识。故选D。
28．细节理解题，根据Volunteer Map Editor中的“Since this is an ongoing remote computer-based activity, you can participate from anywhere you have reliable Internet access if it suits your schedule. (由于这是一项基于远程计算机的活动，如果适合你的日程安排，你可以在任何有可靠互联网接入的地方参加)”以及与其他三个志愿活动的比较可知，Volunteer Map Editor志愿者的工作时间是最灵活的。故选 C。
29．C 30．D 31．A 32．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过重拾青少年时代的摄影爱好重新获得快乐的故事。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On receiving it, I jumped on my bike, headed to Wimbledon Common and took photos, just for me: photos of trees and wildlife. I was out all day. On my way home I spotted a tree lit up by street lighting and tried to capture its splendour. Rushing home, I popped the spent film in a special little envelope and sent it off to a photography store, desperate to see how it came out. (收到它后，我跳上自行车，前往温布尔登公园拍照，只为我自己:树木和野生动物的照片。我一整天都在外面。在回家的路上，我看到一棵被街灯照亮的树，我试图捕捉它的辉煌。我急匆匆地赶回家，把用完的胶卷装进一个特制的小信封里，寄给了一家摄影店，急切地想看看它的效果如何。)”中的“I jumped”, “rushing home”和“desperate to see”等描写可推断出作者很激动；根据本段最后一句话“I took many photos then and loved the fact that when you processed your film you got back colour photos which froze the precious moments, gently encouraging the hobby and the payments for processing. (那时我拍了很多照片，当你冲洗你的胶卷时，你会得到彩色照片，这一事实让我很高兴，它冻结了那些珍贵的时刻，温柔地鼓励了我的爱好和为冲洗而支付的费用。)”可推断，作者觉得拥有这个爱好，为它花钱是值得的。故选 C。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The stress growing over these years had pushed the camera from beside my pillow to the box in the corner. (这些年来不断增长的压力把相机从我的枕头旁推到了角落里的盒子里。)”可知，作者停止拍照是因为他面临着越来越大的压力。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Even if the day is full and busy, I can seize some moments for myself to take photos, to observe the world around me. (即使一天很满很忙，我也能抓住一些时间给自己拍照，观察周围的世界。)”和第四段中的“To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight. (对我来说，这个房间代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通过重新连接我搁置的年轻的自己，通过在我的生活中为快乐留出空间，通过创造一个允许快乐机会的环境。)”可知，作者通过重新开始拍照，在繁忙的日程中获得了乐趣。故选 A。
32．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight. (对我来说，这个房间代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通过重新连接我搁置的年轻的自己，通过在我的生活中为快乐留出空间，通过创造一个允许快乐机会的环境。)”及全文可知，文章讲述了作者通过重拾青少年时代的摄影兴趣重新获得快乐的故事。所以“Regaining Pleasure Through Photography(通过摄影重新获得乐趣)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
33．A 34．C 35．B 36．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了桑吉巴尔岛椰子树因过度砍伐等价格上涨。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Since hungry Zanzibaris still demand creamy fish curries and beans baked in coconut milk, falling supply has led to higher prices. (由于饥饿的桑给巴尔人仍然需要奶油咖喱鱼和椰奶烤豆，供应下降导致价格上涨。)”可知，供不应求导致了桑给巴尔岛椰子的高价格。故选A。
34．词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“The logging of coconut trees reflects the urbanization wave in Zanzibar and the rest of Africa (对椰子树的砍伐反映了桑给巴尔和非洲其他地区的城市化浪潮)”和后半句“cities extending outwards rather than growing upwards. (城市向外延伸，而不是向上发展。)”可知，此处指城市扩张，所以划线词sprawl为“扩张”之意。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据第五段的“Even if they obey the rules, many do not plant new trees, since these take at least six years to produce fruits, and fifteen years to reach maximum production levels.(即使他们遵守规定，许多人也不种新树，因为这些树至少需要6年才能结果，15年才能达到最大产量。)”可知，桑给巴尔的农民不愿意种植椰子树是因为他们等不起。故选 B。
36．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话“But for how much longer? (但这能持续多久呢?)”并结合上文内容可推断，作者对椰子树的未来是担心的。故选A。
37．D 38．C 39．B 40．B

【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了在数字时代练习批判性忽视的技巧。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention.(正如研究人员指出的那样，我们生活在一个注意力经济中，互联网上的内容生产者在争夺我们的注意力。他们用大量的情感和引人注目的故事来吸引我们，而提供的有用信息却很少，所以他们可以让我们接触到盈利的广告。因此，我们不再是客户而是产品，我们点击的每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力)”可知，在注意力经济中，可以让我们接触到盈利的广告，它从每次点击中寻求利润。故选D项。
38．推理判断题。根据第三段“Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank on willpower not to click eye-catching “news,” he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sight to begin with.(成功的节食者需要把不健康的食物远离他们的家。同样，我们需要建立一个数字环境，让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线。就像节食一样，如果一个人试图依靠意志力不去点击引人注目的“新闻”，他肯定会失败。所以，最好一开始就把它们藏起来)”可推知，作者在第三段提到节食者，是为了强调，我们需要建立一个让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线数字环境，展示环境的重要性。故选C项。
39．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Trolls are actors who intentionally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.(喷子是指故意在网上传播虚假和有害信息以造成伤害的行为者。回复他们澄清事实可能很有吸引力，但喷子只关心惹恼别人，而不是事实。所以，最好不要用我们的关注来奖励他们的坏行为)”可知，对付网络喷子，我们最好对他们充耳不闻。故选B项。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring.(但根据马克斯·普朗克人类发展研究所的心理学家阿纳斯塔西娅·科兹列娃和她的同事们的说法，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是批判性忽视)”以及第三段“According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies.(Kozyreva认为，批判性忽视包括三种策略)”后文具体介绍这三种策略，所以本文主要讲述了在数字时代练习批判性忽视的技巧。故选B项。
41．D 42．G 43．C 44．A 45．F

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实地考察，介绍了其具体内容、优点以及存在的缺陷。
41．根据下文“Therefore, the activities during a field trip are often designed to provide them with hands-on experiences.(因此，实地考察中的活动通常旨在为他们提供实践经验。)”可知，实地考察是为他们提供实践经验。选项D“It is intended to help students learn in a real-world context.(它旨在帮助学生在现实环境中学习。)”与下文内容一致，指的都是实地考察的目的。其中“students”和下文的“them”一致。故选D。
42．根据上文内容“Field trips can be taken to a variety of destinations. The most popular ones include museums, factories, zoos and botanical gardens. Field trips can also involve visits to historical sites and other places of interest. Sometimes even an outing to a park nearby can make a good field trip.(实地考察可以去各种各样的目的地。最受欢迎的包括博物馆、工厂、动物园和植物园。实地考察还包括参观历史遗迹和其他有趣的地方。有时甚至去附近的公园郊游也可以成为一次很好的实地考察。)”可知，实地考察有许多目的地可选。选项G“Whatever the destination is, the key is to make sure the trip is practical(不管目的地是什么，关键是要确保这次旅行是实际的。)”延续上文内容，指的是实地考察有很多可去的目的地，而不管目的地是什么，关键是确保这次旅行是实用的。故选G。
43．根据空前“Field trips help improve academic performance. Participants in a field trip are engaged in various activities about a subject matter. (实地考察有助于提高学习成绩。参加实地考察的人就某一主题从事各种活动。)”以及空后“They could also pick up new knowledge through observation and interaction. (他们也可以通过观察和互动来学习新的知识。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是实地考察有助于提高学生成绩。选项C“In this way, they could gain a better understanding of it.(通过这种方式，他们可以更好地了解它。)”与上下文内容一致，指的是参加实地考察如何帮助学生学习新的知识。故选C。
44．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“During a field trip, students are exposed to interactive activities and novel experiences that are not often available in a classroom, which awakens their interest and helps them rediscover the joy in study. This may be particularly important for students who are struggling academically.(在实地考察中，学生们可以接触到课堂上经常得不到的互动活动和新奇经历，这唤醒了他们的兴趣，帮助他们重新发现学习的乐趣。这对于那些在学业上挣扎的学生来说尤其重要。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是实地考察可以唤醒学生的兴趣。选项A“Field trips also promote a love of learning.(实地考察也能促进对学习的热爱。)”与下文内容一致，指的是实地考察可以促进学生对学习的热爱。故选A。
45．根据上文“A field trip can be challenging to organize due to factors such as high costs and safety concerns.(由于高成本和安全问题等因素，组织实地考察可能具有挑战性。)”可知，实地考察具有一定挑战性。选项F“Still, it is believed that a well-chosen field trip is worth the difficulties.(尽管如此，人们还是相信，一次精心选择的实地考察是值得这些困难的。)”则表明尽管实地考察困难重重，而一次精心选择的实地考察是值得这些困难的。选项F中的“the difficulties”指的正是上文提到的“high costs and safety concerns”。故选F。

46．C 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．C 51．A 52．C 53．D 54．B 55．D 56．B 57．A 58．D 59．C 60．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了48岁的清洁女工吴丽迪在南京大学学生举办的画展上展示了她的绘画作品，这些作品是她在学生宿舍的黑板上绘制的。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：展出的画作是她在学生宿舍的黑板上的作品。A. donated捐赠；B. exchanged交换；C. displayed展示；D. stored储存。根据“Wu Lidi, a 48-year-old cleaning lady, was surprised by an exhibition of her paintings held by students at Nanjing University.”可知，她的画作被展出了。故选C。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作品的主题从多姿多彩的大学校园到美丽的自然风光。A. moved移动；B. resulted导致；C. benefited受益；D. ranged变动。range from……to……的意思是“范围从……到……”。根据“from the colorful university campus to beautiful natural scenery.”可知，她的画作主题丰富，涵盖面广，主题从多姿多彩的大学校园到美丽的自然风光。故选D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这场名为“清洁女工的春天”的展览中，许多学生都给吴留下了手写的感谢信息，包括“感谢您的黑板画陪伴我度过了四年的青春时光。”A. gratitude感激；B. courage勇气；C. sympathy同情；D. concern关心。根据“including “Thank you for your blackboard paintings that have ____4____ me through four years of my youth.””可知，学生们向她表示感谢。故选A。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这场名为“清洁女工的春天”的展览中，许多学生都给吴留下了手写的感谢信息，包括“感谢您的黑板画陪伴我度过了四年的青春时光。”A. disturbed打扰；B. accompanied陪伴；C. challenged挑战；D. praised夸奖。根据“through four years of my youth.”可知，她的画陪伴学生走过了四年青春时光。故选B。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然吴从未接受过专业的绘画培训，但她从小就对绘画充满热情。A. reason原因；B. chance机会；C. passion热情；D. question问题。have a passion for对……有激情。根据“While Wu has never received professional training in painting,”及下文可知，尽管她没有接受过专业培训，但是热爱画画。故选C。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在南京大学做了一名宿舍清洁工后，她自愿在一块黑板上画画，而这块黑板上以前只有几个字，写着“欢迎回家”。A. volunteered自愿；B. remembered记住；C. refused拒绝；D. pretended假装。根据“to draw pictures on a blackboard, which ____7____ had only a few characters reading “Welcome Home.””可知，清洁工自愿在黑板报上画画。故选A。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在南京大学做了一名宿舍清洁工后，她自愿在一块黑板上画画，而这块黑板上以前只有几个字，写着“欢迎回家”。A. fortunately幸运地；B. surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. previously先前地；D. interestingly有趣地。根据“had only a few characters reading “Welcome Home.””可知，板报上之前只写了“欢迎回家”几个字。故选C。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一尝试成为了吴非凡人生旅程的起点，从此她开始在业余时间练习绘画技巧。A. comfortable舒服的；B. typical典型的；C. independent独立的；D. extraordinary非凡的。根据“and she has since become increasingly ____9____ to practising painting skills in her spare time.”可知，清洁工从此开启了不同寻常的人生之旅。故选D。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一尝试成为了吴非凡人生旅程的起点，从此她开始在业余时间练习绘画技巧。A. opposed相反的；B. devoted奉献的；C. related有关系的；D. limited有限的。根据下文“Her talent and devotion have received much-deserved ____12____ from students of the university a”可知，清洁工的绘画技巧不断提升，可推断她练习绘画技巧。故选B。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的进步，她在黑板上的作品内容也从简单的物体变成了复杂的风景。A. conditions状况；B. qualities质量；C. relations关系；D. techniques技术。根据“and she has since become increasingly ____9____ to practising painting skills in her spare time.”可知，清洁工的绘画技巧不断提升。故选D。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的进步，她在黑板上的作品内容也从简单的物体变成了复杂的风景。A. abstract抽象的；B. simple简单的；C. natural自然的；D. similar相似的。根据“to complex landscapes.”可知，清洁工的画作内容从简单变得复杂。故选B。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的才华和奉献精神得到了该校学生当之无愧的认可，她被誉为“本可以成为艺术家的清洁女工”。A. recognition识别，认可；B. comparison比较；C. interruption打扰；D. competition比赛。根据“many students left handwritten messages of ____3____ to Wu, including “Thank you for your blackboard paintings that have ____4____ me through four years of my youth.”” 以及上文学生为她办画展可知，清洁工得到大学生们的认可。故选A。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的才华和奉献精神得到了该校学生当之无愧的认可，她被誉为“本可以成为艺术家的清洁女工”。A. student学生；B. author作者；C. performer表演者；D. artist艺术家。根据“Wu Lidi, a 48-year-old cleaning lady, was surprised by an exhibition of her paintings held by students at Nanjing University.”及全文可知，学生对她的评价很高，称她为“原本可以成为艺术家的女清洁工”。故选D。
59．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：吴很感谢为她举办展览的学生，她说正是他们的鼓励让她坚持自己的爱好。A. writing down写下；B. searching for寻找；C. sticking to坚持；D. passing on传递。根据“Wu is grateful to the students who held the exhibition for her, saying it is their encouragement”可知，是学生的鼓励让她一直坚持自己的爱好。故选C。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：吴的故事提醒我们，任何人都可以成就伟大，并激励他人，无论他们的背景或生活地位如何。A. promise许诺；B. reminder提醒物；C. memory记忆；D. chapter章节。根据“that anyone can achieve greatness and inspire others, regardless of their background or position in life.”可知，是故事给我们的启示：吴的故事提醒我们，任何人都可以成就伟业并激励他人，无论他们的背景或生活地位如何。故选B。

61．as
62．an 63．which 64．connected 65．is equipped 66．to relax 67．effectively 68．offers 69．or 70．surroundings

【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了上海首个开放了的“森林图书馆”的基本情况，以及来访者对图书馆的评价。
61．考查介词。句意：被称为“悦读森林”，该森林图书馆位于上海图书馆附近的绿地上。此处考查known as...， 意为“被称为，俗称”，设空处为介词as。故填：as。
62．考查冠词。句意：它占地20546平方米，游客可以在包括各种树木的宁静绿色森林中愉快地散步。此处考查固定短语cover an area of，意为“占地……”， area为元音音素开头，设空处应用不定冠词an。故填：an。
63．考查定语从句。句意：它占地20546平方米，可以让游客在包括各种树木的宁静绿色森林中愉快地散步。此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为forest，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填：which。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：森林图书馆的设计确保对森林的干扰最小，现有的绿色空间由木制走道连接。根据句子结构，此处考查with结构，动词connect与existing green spaces之间为动宾关系，设空处应用过去分词，作宾补。故填：connected。
65．考查时态、语态。句意：这个露天图书馆配备了长凳、信息亭等设施，让读者有机会在自然的环境中放松和阅读。根据句子结构，此处考查谓语动词，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，动词equip与逻辑主语the open-air library之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数形式，助动词为is。故填：is equipped。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个露天图书馆配备了长凳、信息亭等设施，让读者有机会在自然的环境中放松和阅读。此处考查动词短语give sb the chance to do sth，意为“给某人做某事的机会”，动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词chance。故填：to relax。
67．考查副词。句意：绿色的户外环境有助于有效地减轻眼睛的压力。修饰动词短语reduce the stress of eyes 应用副词effectively，意为“有效地”，作状语。故填：effectively。
68．考查时态。句意：森林中的图书馆为读者提供了不同的阅读体验。陈述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为Having a library in the woods，为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填：offers。
69．考查连词。句意：森林图书馆的大多数的来访者都是年轻人和带着孩子的父母，他们要么埋头读书，要么在森林里悠闲地散步。根据句子结构，此处考查连词either...or...，连接连个动词短语。故填：or。
70．考查名词复数。句意：图书馆使在自然环境中享受阅读成为可能。根据句意，介词in后接名词，作宾语，常用复数形式surroundings，意为“周围环境”。故填：surroundings。
71．Armed with a flashlight one night, they found a big fallen tree in the park. Tali asked Anna to focus the flashlight on the tree trunk when she pulled off some bark. There, a pretty little beetle, illuminated by the flashlight, came into Anna’s view. Tali’s gentle guidance and reassuring presence made the task more manageable, and with each beetle they found, Anna’s fear lessened. They carefully captured two live bugs and put them in a jar. As they walked out of the park, Anna realized that she had gained not only knowledge about beetles but also a newfound confidence in herself.
Then came the day for Tali and Anna to present their research at the fair. Anna stood next to Tali, holding the beetle jar, no longer afraid. Tali felt quite nervous at first, with her palms sweating and her heart pounding violently against her chest. Thinking of the moments she practiced the talk with Anna, she took a deep breath and began to tell the audience all the facts they’d learned about beetles. Their efforts paid off and the presentation was a huge success. The once-daunting project turned into an experience that helped them triumph over their own lifelong fear and become good friends.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Anna和Tali互相帮助，帮助彼此克服了内心的恐惧，成为了好朋友的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一天晚上，他们带着手电筒在公园里发现了一棵倒下的大树。”以及第二段首句内容“然后是Tali和Anna在博览会上展示他们研究成果的那一天。”可知，第一段可描写Tali是如何帮助Anna战胜了对甲虫的恐惧。
②由第二段首句内容“然后是Tali和Anna在博览会上展示他们研究成果的那一天。”可知，第二段可描写Anna如何帮助Tali战胜了对演讲的恐惧。
2.续写线索：Anna非常害怕甲虫——不幸的是，学校的科学展览中，她不幸抽到了甲虫作为科学主题——Anna鼓起勇气告诉自己的搭档Tali自己对甲虫的恐惧——Tali也告诉了Anna自己对演讲的恐惧——于是，两个人决定互相帮助，克服各自的恐惧——Tali帮助Anna克服了对甲虫的恐惧——展览那天，Anna也帮助和鼓励Tali克服了对演讲的恐惧
3.词汇激活
行为类
①减少：lessen/decrease
②开始：begin/start
③战胜、克服：triumph over/conquer/overcome
情绪类
①害怕：fear/terror/fright
② 紧张的：nervous/uptight
【点睛】【高分句型1】As they walked out of the park, Anna realized that she had gained not only knowledge about beetles but also a newfound confidence in herself.（运用了as引导的状语从句和that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Thinking of the moments she practiced the talk with Anna, she took a deep breath and began to tell the audience all the facts they’d learned about beetles.（运用了省略关系代词that或者which的定语从句）