精品解析：上海市洋泾中学高三下学期期中考试英语试卷

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上海市洋泾中学 第二学期
高三英语期中考试试卷
（满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟）
I. Listening Comprehension（25 分）
Section A
l. A. In a theater. B. In a cave. C. On a boat. D. In an amusement park.
2. A. A model. B. A tailor. C. A painter. D. A fashion designer.
3. A. The woman prefers to live downtown.
B. The woman has trouble falling asleep.
C. The woman will sign the rental contract.
D. The woman is afraid of the potential noise.
4. A. Carol is a teacher.
B. Carol is eager to go to the concert.
C. Carol hasn’t been contacted about the time for the concert.
D. The man thinks cell phones should be allowed in the classroom.
5. A. The man’s resume is too complicated.
B The man needs to modify his resume.
C. The man should do more research into his desired position.
D. The man should give more details about his qualifications in his resume.
6. A. A famous cafe. B. A tragic accident. C. A terrorist attack. D. A tourist attraction.
7. A. His passport. B. His photos. C. Income proof. D. An application form.
8. A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Unclear.
9. A. It is highly profitable.
B. It ends with Shakespeare’s works.
C. It connects Shakespeare’s plays and leadership training.
D. It exploits leaders’ wisdom and apply it to their management.
10. A. Many contracts are cheating people.
B. People tend to be careless with the terms of the contract.
C. It is not advisable to sign contracts with various companies.
D. Companies are to blame for the unclear terms they put in the contracts.
Section B
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Dull and changeless. B. Rich and various.
C. Popular and delicious. D. Disagreeable and unpleasant.
12. A. Americans only eat hamburgers and hot dogs.
B. The shopping malls in America offer varied food choices.
C. Southern food in the U.S. saved and promoted food traditions.
D. The South began to influence mainstream food culture after the Civil War.
13. A. Pop Culture in the U.S. B. Immigrant food in the U.S.
C. Influences on American food. D. Food culture in the U.S.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It simply tells time. B. It appeals to many teenagers.
C. It has many complex functions. D. It has an impact on creativity and imagination.
15. A. It is colorful. B. It is a beautiful bracelet.
C. It tells time in a creative way. D. It includes many unimaginable features.
16. A. Watches tell more than time. B. Japanese watches stand out.
C. The watch industry is in trouble. D. Watches arc going out of fashion.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following longer conversation.
17. A. Bands. B. Road trips. C. Street scenes. D. Photo albums.
18. A. He prefers taking photos at a fixed position.
B. He favors taking photos in a car over on a road.
C. He needs stimulation of new sights for inspiration.
D. Too much traveling kills his interest in photographing.
19. A. Because he has a dark room.
B. Because digital cameras are too expensive.
C. Because he enjoys the uncertainty he experiences while developing films.
D. Because he has more confidence in producing high quality photos with films.
20. A. A photographer’s career. B. Skills for taking good photos.
C Digital and traditional cameras. D. A national award in photography.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）
Section A
语法填空
Last year, Jiangsu province witnessed a negative natural growth rate for the first time since 1949.
“The situation is gloomy but things might change over a longer period of time,” said Yuan Xin, professor of demography at the Population and Development Research Institute at the School of Economics of Nankai University.
____1____ the birthrate is low, Jiangsu remains an economic powerhouse. With a population of more than 85 million people, gross domestic product was 11.64 trillion yuan ($1.83 trillion) in 2021, the second-highest regional GDP after Guangdong province.
He said he believes Jiangsu’s strong economic performance ____2____ help address the population problem. “Inward flow of immigrants can make up for a downward natural population trend. ____3____ (give) the strong economy and better job prospects, Jiangsu can surely attract more people from other parts of the country to help turn the negative to positive in coming years.”
However, the population problem in East China’s economically strong Jiangsu has been compounded by the number of newborns declining every year since 2016, with the decreasing number of women of childbearing age, postponement of getting married and women studying for a longer time ____4____ (contribute) to the decrease in the number of newborns.
Well-educated women in Jiangsu who had just one child accounted for nearly 70 percent, some ____5____ chose not to have children, the Bureau of Statistics said.
By contrast, 59.21 percent of female junior high graduates and 63.42 percent of women with an elementary school education had two or more children.
The authority has realized that population policy needs reforming. Currently, policymakers are yet ____6____ (understand) the real demographic situation. The problem is not only related to economics, but also related to many other aspects, ____7____ social security, gender equality and childcare. The efficiency of future measures also depends on ____8____ the needs of women of child bearing age are taken into account. Lack of thorough understanding of the risk of low fertility may lead to policymakers ____9____ (be) unable to anticipate the future development trend. The new population reform should cope with the main risk of low fertility and also help different regions of the country normalize and balance its demographic development.
According to a newly released Jiangsu government regulation, the maternity leave for working mothers _____10_____ (extend) from 98 to 158 days. An additional 15 days of paternity leave has been granted to working fathers during their wife’s maternity leave.
Each parent can have 10 days of parental leave every year until their child reaches age 3, the regulation says.
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. Although##Though
2. can 3. Given
4. contributing
5. of whom 6. understanding
7. including
8. whether 9. being
10. has been extended
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。去年，江苏省自1949年以来首次出现人口自然负增长。文章主要对这一情况展开了说明，介绍了当局对此的看法和态度。
【1题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管出生率很低，江苏仍然是一个经济重地。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”应用although或though。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Although/Though。
【2题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：他说，他相信江苏强劲的经济表现能够有助于解决人口问题。后跟动词原形，表示“能够”应用情态动词can。故填can。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意：鉴于强劲的经济和更好的就业前景，江苏肯定能吸引更多来自全国其他地区的人，在未来几年帮助扭转负面影响。后跟名词作宾语，表示“鉴于，考虑到”应用介词given，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Given。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，中国东部经济强省江苏的人口问题，自2016年以来，新生儿数量逐年下降，育龄妇女人数减少，推迟结婚和妇女学习时间较长，都是导致新生儿数量减少的原因。此处为with的复合结构，contribute与the decreasing number of women of childbearing age, postponement of getting married and women studying for a longer time构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填contributing。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：统计局表示，在江苏，受过良好教育的只有一个孩子的女性占近70%，其中一些人选择不生孩子。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Well-educated women，作介词的宾语，指人，应用whom。故填of whom。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：目前，政策制定者仍在了解真正的人口状况。根据上文policymakers are可知为现在进行时。故填understanding。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：这个问题不仅与经济有关，还与社会保障、性别平等、儿童保育等许多其他方面有关。后跟名词作宾语，表示“包含，包括”应用介词including。故填including。
【8题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：今后措施的效率也取决于是否考虑到育龄妇女的需要。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether。故填whether。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对低生育风险认识不足，可能导致政策制定者无法预测未来的发展趋势。lead to doing sth.表示“导致……”。故填being。
【10题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：根据江苏省政府最新发布的一项规定，在职母亲的产假已从98天延长至158天。主语the maternity leave for working mothers与extend构成被动关系，表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been extended。
Section B
选词填空
A. advertised B. credit C. equipped D. features E. participation F. present
G. priority H. safeguards I. streaming J. subject K. tapping
A breed of upstart apps is taking on an internet function that might seem unneeded or even ill-____11____: helping teens talk to strangers.
Branded as “social discovery” services, these apps pitch themselves as alternatives to outlets that already specialize in online connections, like Facebook and Instagram. They say they are better at helping young users meet like-minded people outside their existing circles. And they say they have ____12____, such as separating users by age and using artificial intelligence, to protect against the inappropriate or unsafe behavior that has caused problems to previous attempts to connect young people online.
Their user numbers suggest that, whether they succeed in striking the right balance, apps like Yubo and Hoop are ____13____ into a need among teens and 20-somethings for new ways to branch out online. “There is no place today to socialize online, ” says Sacha Lazimi, the 26-year-old French co-founder of Yubo, which connects strangers with messaging and live-____14____.
It is a counterintuitive statement for anyone who has seen teens sending Snaps rapid fire to their friends, responding to videos on TikTok, FaceTiming for hours, or using Instagram. But Mr. Lazimi thinks those platforms allow for too much passive ____15____. “Snapchat, Instagram and TikTok are all about performance, content and individual behavior,” he says.
Yubo ____16____ a swiping interface similar to that of Tinder. But Mr. Lazimi insists it is not a dating app. The point, he says, is to facilitate communication between people all over the world who share mutual interests. Yubo isn’t ____17____ everywhere in the lives of American teens yet -and perhaps never will be- but the company says the app has 25 million users signed up, with nearly half of daily use now coming from America.
But some of these apps have also been the ____18____ of safety concerns. Yubo has also faced its Own safety challenges. In Florida, law-enforcement officials say they arrested a man who reportedly lured(诱骗) a teenager through Yubo.
In a statement, Yubo said that the prevention of child abuse has been a key ____19____ for the past three years. “Yubo recognizes its responsibility in protecting young people using its service and has gone far beyond many of the main social-media services.”
“However, actually teens are _____20_____ with more to protect themselves than expected”, says Dr. Hinduja. “They are doing something to keep themselves safe or we would have strikingly more victimization than we do.”
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. A 12. H
13. K 14. I
15. E 16. D
17. F 18. J
19. G 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的应用程序Yubo，但Yubo在保护青少年用户方面做得不够，有安全担忧，应更加重视。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一系列新兴应用程序正在承担一种互联网功能，这种功能可能看起来是不必要的，甚至是广告不恰当的：帮助青少年与陌生人交谈。根据空前“might seem unneeded”可知，设空处应填形容词与unneeded并列，advertise与逻辑主语function之间的逻辑关系为被动，应用过去分词形式。advertise“登广告”为动词，其过去分词形式advertised，可用作形容词，符合题意。故选A项。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们说他们有保障措施，例如按年龄划分用户并使用人工智能，以防止不适当或不安全的行为，这些行为给以前尝试在线连接年轻人带来了问题。根据空前谓语动词have可知，设空处应用名词，safeguard“保障措施”为名词，此处应用复数形式，符合题意。故选H项。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的用户数量表明，无论他们是否成功地达到了正确的平衡，像Yubo和Hoop这样的应用程序正在利用青少年和二十多岁的人对在线扩展的新方式的需求。根据空前动词are以及空后介词into可知，设空处应用非谓语动词的现在分词形式，用现在进行时。tap into为固定短语，意为“开发，利用”，tapping符合题意。故选K项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“今天没有地方可以在网上社交”，26岁的法国Yubo联合创始人Sacha Lazimi说，Yubo通过消息传递和直播将陌生人连接起来。根据空前非谓语动词messaging及连词and可知，设空处应用动名词形式。streaming“传播”，为名词，符合题意。故选I项。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：但拉齐米认为，这些平台允许太多的被动参与。根据空前形容词passive可知，设空处应用名词。participation“参与，参加”为名词，符合题意。故选E项。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态，主谓一致。句意：Yubo具有类似于Tinder的滑动界面。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用动词作谓语，feature“以……为特色”，为动词，因主语为Yubo，谓语动词使用第三人称单数，features符合题意。故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Yubo在美国青少年的生活中并不无处不在，但——也许永远不会存在——但该公司表示，该应用程序已有2500万用户注册，现在近一半的日常使用来自美国。根据空前动词isn’t可知，设空处应用形容词作表语。present“现存的，出现的”，为形容词，符合题意。故选F项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：但其中一些应用程序也一直是安全问题的主题。根据空前冠词the可知，设空处应用名词作宾语。subject“主题”为名词，符合题意。故选J项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：Yubo在一份声明中说，防止虐待儿童一直是过去三年的一个关键优先事项。根据空前形容词key可知，设空处应用名词作宾语。priority“优先事项”为名词，符合题意。故选G项。
20题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：“然而，实际上青少年比预期要具备更多的保护自己的能力，”Hinduja博士说。“他们正在做一些事情来保护自己的安全，否则我们会有比现在多的受害。”根据空前动词are和空后介词with可知，设空处应用形容词。equip“装备”为动词，be equipped with为固定短语，意为“装备，具备”，符合题意。故选C项。
III. Reading Comprehension（45 分）
Section A
Bringing Mosquitoes Under Control
Every year, hundreds of thousands of people die of mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever. Drug treatments are ____21____, and, despite decades of effort, vaccines have, for many of these diseases, proven to be difficult to develop.
It is better, then, to stop these infections happening in the first place by ____22____ doing away with the mosquitoes that carry the diseases. CRISPR-Cas9, a new and powerful genetic-engineering process, could help to do just that.
Craig Montell, of the University of California, and his colleagues have used CRISPR to ____23____ an existing control method called the sterile insect technique (SIT), which involves releasing lots of sterilized (绝育的) males into the wild. Females that mate with these males produce no young. ____24____ releases can reduce populations dramatically. SIT has been used in North America to eliminate screwworm flies, an agricultural pest.
SIT has been tried on mosquitoes, too, but with less ____25____. One reason seems to be the side-effects of the procedure. To sterilize them, males are exposed to poisonous chemicals. This works, but it damages them in other ways, too. The result can be sickly individuals that ____26____ to compete in the mating game with wild mosquitoes.
Montell and his colleagues hoped that CRISPR might offer a(n) ____27____. Their first step was to look for genes which affect fertility (可繁殖性) in mosquitoes. They began their hunt in fruit flies and ended up focusing on a gene that, when ____28____, made male fruit flies sterile. The gene was present in a similar form in their target mosquito species, Aedes aegypti, which passes on, among other illnesses, yellow fever, dengue and the Zika virus. Disabling the ____29____ gene in male Aedes likewise left them infertile. ____30____, the genetic changes involved did not appear to affect the engineered mosquitoes in any other way. On every measure of ____31____, they performed as well as wild mosquitoes.
____32____ the details are not fully understood, once female mosquitoes have mated a few times, they become unwilling to do so again. Mating with an infertile male is, therefore, not only fruitless in itself, but should also leave a female less interested in ____33____ males.
There is more work to be done before field trials, but having established the ____34____, Montell is excited to see where the work might lead. That the engineered males leave no young means that there are fewer worries surrounding any ____35____ consequences which might arise from the release of millions of genetically edited creatures into the environment. And that the target gene is found in both fruit flies and Aedes suggests it is likely to exist in other disease-carrying mosquitoes, too.
21. A. available B. imperfect C. necessary D. painful
22. A. completely B. instantly C. simply D. suddenly
23. A. enhance B. establish C. identify D. test
24. A. Delayed B. Limited C. Planned D. Repeated
25. A. complexity B. frequency C. risk D. success
26. A. choose B. continue C. learn D. struggle
27. A. alternative B. combination C. explanation D. guarantee
28. A. inserted B. removed C. signaled D. updated
29. A. abnormal B. altered C. equivalent D. original
30. A. Crucially B. Evidently C. Inevitably D. Shockingly
31. A. healthiness B. matureness C. productivity D. safety
32. A. Although B. As if C. Because D. If only
33. A. uncivilized B. unengineered C. unprepared D. unrecovered
34. A. environment B. principle C. rule D. standard
35. A. direct B. lasting C. social D. unintended
【21~35题答案】
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是加州大学的Craig Montell和他的同事们利用CRISPR加强了一种叫做不育昆虫技术（SIT）的现有控制方法。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：药物治疗是必要的，尽管经过几十年的努力，许多疾病的疫苗已经证明很难开发。A. available可获得的；B. imperfect不完美的；C. necessary必要的；D. painful痛苦的。由上文的“hundreds of thousands of people die of mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever”可知，成千上万的人死于蚊子传播的疾病，如疟疾和登革热，因此药物治疗是必要的，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，最好是在一开始就通过彻底消灭携带疾病的蚊子来阻止这些感染的发生。A. completely完全地；B. instantly立刻，马上；C. simply仅仅；D. suddenly突然。由上文的“stop these infections happening”可知，要阻止这些感染的发生就要彻底消灭携带疾病的蚊子，空格处是“完全地”。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：加州大学的Craig Montell和他的同事们利用CRISPR加强了一种叫做不育昆虫技术（SIT）的现有控制方法，该技术包括将大量不育的雄性昆虫释放到野外。A. enhance提高，改善；B. establish建立；C. identify识别；D. test测试。由后文的“an existing control method called the sterile insect technique”可知，加州大学的Craig Montell和他的同事们利用CRISPR来加强现在已经存在的不育昆虫技术，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：反复放生会显著减少种群数量。A. Delayed推迟的；B. Limited有限的；C. Planned有计划的；D. Repeated反复的。由后文的“reduce populations dramatically”可知，反复地将不育的雄性昆虫释放到野外会显著减少种群数量，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：SIT也在蚊子身上进行了试验，但效果不太好。A. complexity复杂性；B. frequency频率；C. risk风险；D. success成功。由后文的“One reason seems to be the side-effects of the procedure”可知，这种方法有副作用，因此是效果不太好，空格处是“成功”。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果可能是生病的个体在与野生蚊子的交配游戏中奋力竞争。A. choose选择；B. continue继续；C. learn学习；D. struggle奋斗，努力。由上文的“sickly individuals”可知，这种方法会导致生病的个体，因此它们必须在与野生蚊子的交配游戏中奋力竞争，空格处是“奋斗，努力”。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Montell和他的同事希望CRISPR可以提供一种替代方法。A. alternative可供选择的事物，替代物；B. combination结合；C. explanation解释；D. guarantee保证。由上文的“Craig Montell, of the University of California, and his colleagues have used CRISPR to ____3____ an existing control method called the sterile insect technique”可知，Montell和他的同事希望CRISPR可以提供一种替代方法，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们开始在果蝇中寻找，最后集中在一种基因上，这种基因被移除后，会使雄性果蝇不育。A. inserted插入；B. removed去除；C. signaled发信号，示意；D. updated更新。由上文的“genes which affect fertility (可繁殖性) in mosquitoes”可知，果蝇中有负责繁殖的基因，因此把这个基因去掉后果蝇就会不育，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使雄性伊蚊的相同基因失效同样会使它们不育。A. abnormal畸形的；B. altered改变的；C. equivalent等同的；D. original原先的。由上文的“The gene was present in a similar form in their target mosquito species”可知，这种基因以类似的形式存在于它们的目标蚊种埃及伊蚊中，因此使雄性伊蚊的相同基因失效同样会使它们不育，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人震惊的是，相关的基因变化似乎没有以任何其他方式影响转基因蚊子。A. Crucially最重要的是；B. Evidently显然地；C. Inevitably不可避免地；D. Shockingly令人震惊的是。由下文的“the genetic changes involved did not appear to affect the engineered mosquitoes in any other way”和第四段的“This works, but it damages them in other ways”可知，相关的基因变化似乎没有以任何其他方式影响转基因蚊子，这让人震惊，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每一项健康指标上，它们的表现都和野生蚊子一样好。A. healthiness健康；B. matureness成熟；C. productivity生产力；D. safety安全。由上文的“the genetic changes involved did not appear to affect the engineered mosquitoes in any other way”可知，这种基因变化没有影响到它们的身体，所以在每一项健康指标上，它们的表现都和野生蚊子一样好，空格处是“健康”，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然细节还不完全清楚，但一旦雌性蚊子交配了几次，它们就不愿意再交配了。A. Although虽然；B. As if似乎；C. Because因为；D. If only要是……多好。由下文“the details are not fully understood, once female mosquitoes have mated a few times, they become unwilling to do so again”可知，句子表示“虽然细节还不完全清楚，但一旦雌性蚊子交配了几次，它们就不愿意再交配了”，空格处意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，与不能生育的雄性交配不仅本身不会产生后代，还会让雌性对没有基因改造的雄性不那么感兴趣。A. uncivilized不文明的；B. unengineered没有基因改造的；C. unprepared毫无准备的；D. unrecovered未恢复的。由上文的“once female mosquitoes have mated a few times, they become unwilling to do so again”可知，本空处的句子表示“与不能生育的雄性交配不仅本身不会产生后代，还会让雌性对没有基因改造的雄性不那么感兴趣”，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在实地试验之前还有更多的工作要做，但在确立了这一原则之后，蒙特尔对这项工作的前景感到兴奋。A. environment环境；B. principle原则；C. rule规则；D. standard标准。由上文的“Mating with an infertile male is, therefore, not only fruitless in itself, but should also leave a female less interested in ____13____ males”可知，在实地试验之前还有更多的工作要做，但在确立了这一原则之后，蒙特尔对这项工作的前景感到兴奋。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过基因改造的雄性不会生育幼崽，这意味着人们更少担心将数百万经过基因编辑的生物释放到环境中可能产生的意外后果。 A. direct直接的；B. lasting持久的；C. social社会的；D. unintended意想不到的。由上文的“there are fewer worries surrounding”和后文的“consequences which might arise from the release of millions of genetically edited creatures into the environment”可知，句子表示“人们更少担心将数百万经过基因编辑的生物释放到环境中可能产生的意外后果”，空格处是“意想不到的”，故选D。
Section B
(A)
In the winter of 1985, my hometown, Buffalo, experienced a blizzard — not an uncommon occurrence for the region. But this was a big one, and the city’s mayor, Jimmy Griffin, was at pains to persuade people to stop trying to go about their business as conditions worsened. He urged Buffalonians to “relax, stay inside, and grab a six-pack,” which must be the best advice in an emergency situation.
There’s something cartoonish about the threat of a blizzard, in which nature’s anger assumes a fluffy form and tries to kill you. It’s the meteorological equivalent of getting attacked by the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man. And yet, kill it does, through car accidents and heart attacks and other misadventures, usually involving people trying, unwisely, to do something.
Mr. Griffin, therefore known as Jimmy Six-Pack, understood this. The Snow Gods reserve special hatred for those who don’t respect their ability to bring human activity to a standstill. The snow cares not for your deadlines or your happy hour plans. It wants only to fall on the ground and lie there. And it wants you to too.
Needless to say, you should. A snowstorm rewards indolence and punishes busy bees, which is only one of the many reasons it’s the best natural disaster there is.
Time has partly buried my childhood memories of Buffalo’s mighty blizzard of 1977, but I still recall the great drifts that climbed over houses, the spectacle of a world made surprisingly new. It’s a vision that often comes back to my mind every now and then, as we face the terrible prospect of a climate changed by human appetites — the future winters, damp and snow less, that may well await us. So let us all now pause, perhaps over a six-pack, and bear witness as the climate changes us.
36. The writer mentions the mayor of Jimmy Griffin in order to__________.
A. introduce a proper way to deal with blizzards
B. appreciate his contribution to the city’s development
C. highlight how the climate worsened in his term
D. explain why blizzards were not uncommon in Buffalo
37. The underlined word “indolence” is closest in meaning to __________.
A. anger B. diligence C. intelligence D. laziness
38. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the writer feels___________ the possible snowless winters.
A. annoyed by B. amazed at C. pleased with D. sorry for
39. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Blizzard: a Thing of the Past. B. In Case of a Snowstorm, Do Nothing.
C. What Will the Future Winters Be Like? D. Witness to Climate Change.
【36~39题答案】
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过回忆1985年的暴风雪，市长让人们呆在家里什么也不做，说明了暴风雪的危害以及暴风雪可以让人们什么也不做。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In the winter of 1985, my hometown, Buffalo, experienced a blizzard — not an uncommon occurrence for the region. But this was a big one, and the city’s mayor, Jimmy Griffin, was at pains to persuade people to stop trying to go about their business as conditions worsened. He urged Buffalonians to “relax, stay inside, and grab a six-pack,” which must be the best advice in an emergency situation.(1985年冬天，我的家乡布法罗经历了一场暴风雪——这在该地区并不罕见。但这是一场大灾难，该市市长吉米·格里芬煞费苦心地劝说人们在情况恶化时停止工作。他敦促布法罗人“放松，呆在家里，拿上六瓶啤酒”，这肯定是在紧急情况下最好的建议)”可推知，作者提到了吉米·格里芬市长是为了介绍应对暴风雪的正确方法。故选A。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“A snowstorm rewards”以及后文“and punishes busy bees”可知，暴风雪奖励懒惰，惩罚忙碌的人，故画线词意思是“懒惰”。A. anger愤怒；B. diligence勤奋；C. intelligence智力；D. laziness懒惰。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Time has partly buried my childhood memories of Buffalo’s mighty blizzard of 1977, but I still recall the great drifts that climbed over houses, the spectacle of a world made surprisingly new. It’s a vision that often comes back to my mind every now and then, as we face the terrible prospect of a climate changed by human appetites — the future winters, damp and snow less, that may well await us. So let us all now pause, perhaps over a six-pack, and bear witness as the climate changes us.(时间已经部分掩盖了我对1977年水牛城大暴雪的童年记忆，但我仍然记得爬过房屋的巨大漂流，以及一个世界变得令人惊讶的新景象。当我们面对因人类欲望而改变的气候的可怕前景时，这一幕经常在我脑海中浮现，未来的冬天，潮湿和少雪，很可能在等待我们。因此，让我们现在都暂停一下，也许是喝着六瓶啤酒，见证气候对我们的改变)”可推知，作者对没有雪的冬天感到遗憾。故选D。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the winter of 1985, my hometown, Buffalo, experienced a blizzard — not an uncommon occurrence for the region. But this was a big one, and the city’s mayor, Jimmy Griffin, was at pains to persuade people to stop trying to go about their business as conditions worsened. He urged Buffalonians to “relax, stay inside, and grab a six-pack,” which must be the best advice in an emergency situation.(1985年冬天，我的家乡布法罗经历了一场暴风雪——这在该地区并不罕见。但这是一场大灾难，该市市长吉米·格里芬煞费苦心地劝说人们在情况恶化时停止工作。他敦促布法罗人“放松，呆在家里，拿上六瓶啤酒”，这肯定是在紧急情况下最好的建议)”以及倒数第二段“Needless to say, you should. A snowstorm rewards indolence and punishes busy bees, which is only one of the many reasons it’s the best natural disaster there is.(不用说，你应该这么做。暴风雪奖励懒惰，惩罚忙碌的蜜蜂，这只是它是最好的自然灾害的众多原因之一)”结合作者通过回忆1985年的暴风雪，市长让人们呆在家里什么也不做，说明了暴风雪的危害以及暴风雪可以让人们什么也不做。可知，B选项“万一有暴风雪，什么也不做”最符合文章标题。故选B。
(B)
It’s an overcast day in Windsor, with the weather threatening to change the location for an exclusive sit-down between legendary ethologist Dr. Jane Goodall and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex. Here is а conversation from one of Vogue’s past issues in which the two discuss her life-long study of chimpanzees, the environment and our responsibility to it.
Prince Harry: Jane, you have extreme empathy for all animals, especially primates, and have connected with them in a way that few other people have. What did your study of chimpanzees teach you?
Dr. Jane Goodall: From studying chimps and seeing all their similarities to our own species, it has become obvious to me that we have inherited some of our ancestors’ more aggressive tendencies. When you look around the world, they’re everywhere. We can all easily get angry. But with our brain, we mostly control these tendencies to anger. So how is it possible that the most intellectual creature that’s ever walked on the planet, that’s sent a rocket to Mars from which a little robot is slowly moved about in order to take photos, has continued to willfully destroy its only home? There seems to be a disconnect between our clever brain and the heart, love and compassion which we all universally share for one another.
Prince Harry: You’ve been known first and foremost as a world-famous primatologist, but moved on at some point to focus on people and the human issues around conservation. When did that shift happen and why?
Dr. Jane Goodall: It happened in 1986. I helped to organize a conference to bring scientists together to learn about comparative chimp behavior in different environments. I went as a scientist and left as a spokesperson for the environment and animals. It came to a head when I flew over Gombe State, Nigeria. It had been part of the forest belt in the 1960s, but by the 1990s it was a tiny island surrounded by completely bare hills. The locals were struggling to survive. That’s when it hit me: If we don’t help these people, we can’t even begin to try to save the chimps.
Prince Harry: How do you remain hopeful?
Dr. Jane Goodall: First of all, youth. Second, the amazing human intellect. Our intellect really can help us live in greater harmony and leave lighter ecological footprints. Next comes the resilience of nature. There are no bare hills around Gombe anymore. Where places have been destroyed, there are incredible projects going on. The last reason for hope is the indomitable human spirit.
Prince Harry: You founded the global youth program Roots & Shoots in 1991. Specifically, what’s your greatest achievement?
Dr. Jane Goodall: Empowering young people so that they understand that they can make a difference. When I was ten years old and wanted to go to Africa, everybody laughed at me. It was only my mother who said, “If you really want this, you’ll have to work really hard and take advantage of every opportunity.” And I wish she was around to know the number of people who said, “Jane, thank you. You’ve taught me because you did it. I can do it, too.”
40. According to Dr. Jane Goodall, she remains hopeful about the survival of mankind because of________.
①the brilliant mind of humans
②the ordered harmony of nature
③the ability of nature to recover
④the youthful generations
⑤the global youth program she founded
⑥the great perseverance of people
A. ①②⑤⑥ B. ①③④⑥ C. ①③⑤⑥ D. ②③④⑥
41. According to the article, Dr. Jane Goodall moved on to focus on people and the human issues________.
A. when she found that chimpanzees were destroying their only home
B. when she saw all the similarities between humans and chimpanzees
C. after the global youth program Roots & Shoots was founded in 1991
D. after realizing that she could not help the chimps without helping the people
42. Which of the following statements is true according to the article?
A. From her studies of chimpanzees, Dr. Jane Goodall has learned that they have inherited their aggressive tendencies from human beings.
B. In 1986, Prince Harry organized a conference to bring scientists together to learn about comparative chimp behavior in different environments.
C. The locals from Gombe State had been struggling to survive since the 1960s because their home was a tiny island surrounded by completely bare hills.
D. As far as Dr. Jane Goodall is concerned, her greatest achievement has been helping young people to realize that they can have a significant impact on the world.
【40~42题答案】
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，是哈里王子和简·古道尔博士之间的对话。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“First of all, youth. Second, the amazing human intellect...Next comes the resilience of nature...The last reason for hope is the indomitable human spirit.(首先，年轻人。第二，惊人的人类智力……接下来是大自然的恢复力……抱有希望的最后一个原因是人类不屈不挠的精神。)”可知，她对人类的生存仍然充满希望，是因为人类聪明的头脑，大自然恢复的能力，年轻一代和人的极大的毅力，即①③④⑥。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第五段“That’s when it hit me: If we don’t help these people, we can’t even begin to try to save the chimps.(这时我突然想到：如果我们不帮助这些人，我们甚至不能开始尝试拯救黑猩猩。)”可知，简·古道尔博士继续关注人和人类问题是在意识到不帮助人类就无法帮助黑猩猩之后，故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“what’s your greatest achievement(你最大的成就是什么？)”和最后一段的“Empowering young people so that they understand that they can make a difference.(赋予年轻人力量，让他们明白自己可以发挥作用。)”可知，就简·古道尔博士而言，她最大的成就是帮助年轻人认识到他们可以对世界产生重大影响。故选D。
(C)
Male scientists portray their studies as “unprecedented, remarkable, excellent and novel” more often than female scientists, a new study finds, which may contribute to gender differences in pay and promotion in the medical world.
The study, published Monday in the British Medical Journal, analyzed more than 6.2 million articles published in journals between 2002 and 2017.
The researchers found that studies in prestigious journals with a male first or last author (or both) were 12% more likely to use sweeping, positive terms — “unique”, “robust”, “prominent”— than those where women were credited, which they believe contributed to the male studies getting about 10% more citations. The first author is the researcher who took the lead on the paper, the last generally is the most senior author.
Citations are often used in hiring and promotion decisions.
The effect was most pronounced in a subset of 60,000 of the most prestigious medical journals, which include those with the largest readership and that are cited by scientists most often.
For these journals, men were 21% more likely to use stronger, more positive language than women, which the researchers think played a role in 13% more citations.
“There is a benefit to promote yourself by using these terms,” says Anupam B. Jena, an associate professor at Harvard Medical School and senior author on the study.
Experts say the study helps shed light on why women make up only 25% of medical professors.
Marc Lerchenmueller, an assistant professor of technological innovation and management science at the University of Mannheim in Germany and first author of the study, says the use of superlatives by men was driven by the higher impact journals.
Other research has found similar findings. Julian Kolev, an assistant professor at SMU Cox School of Business in Dallas, says the Gates Foundation let his team examine the foundation ’ s grant-review process of about 5,000 applicants for health research projects between 2008 and 2017. Researchers wanted to see why men are ranked favorably more often than women, even though the reviewers don’t see identifying information for the applicant. Men were about 12% to 16% more likely to receive a higher score from a reviewer and 10% to 13% more likely to get a grant.
“What we found was the biggest cause of distinction between male and female applicants was the language that they used to describe their ideas,” Dr. Kolev says. “Men tended to use broad language — language that covers multiple topics and papers across different areas. Women tended to use topic-specific words, much narrower language.”
The researchers looking at the Gates data also examined whether the broader language helped oversell an idea or was actual substantive. They found that it was mostly a case of overselling.
“The proposals with broad language actually under-performed relative to narrow language proposals, based on publications, ability to attract follow-up funding and attract new collaborations,” Dr. Kolev says.
Vineet Arora, a professor of medicine at University of Chicago Medicine, has done research showing that female physicians are penalized for demonstrating so-called male traits starting as early as their training.
The result: When women try to get an article published in a high-profile journal they may be more conservative in stating their findings.
One explanation for the study’s findings, Dr. Arora says, is that men and women write differently. Another potential explanation is that men who use more positive words are treated differently in the peer review and editorial process than women who do so. “My hunch (直觉) is that it’s a two-way street,” she says. “That women are less likely to use those words, and when they do, they’ re probably more harshly criticized.”
Given that only 25% of medical professors are female, Dr. Arora says, answering questions about what contributes to such distinction is essential. “How do we ensure equitable reviews across gender so that we do not see these findings?” she says.
43. We can learn from the study published in the British Medical Journal that ________.
A. studies by male scientists are more often cited
B. male scientists are producing higher quality work
C. women are rarely credited despite their achievements
D. women face more obstacles in completing their research
44. The study contributes to the following except________.
A. appealing to the elimination of gender inequality in society
B. the exploration of the patterns and causes of gender differences
C. casting light on why women make up only 25% of medical professors
D. explaining the gender differences in pay and promotion in the medical world
45. According to Vineet Arora of University of Chicago Medicine, ________.
A. men are more favorably judged for managerial positions
B. women are severely criticized for showing so-called male traits
C. women are less likely to receive a higher score in medical school
D. men tend to oversell their ideas as they have a stronger desire for success
46. The article is mainly concerned about________.
A. the increasing gender inequality in the medical field
B. the difficulties women have experienced in becoming scientists
C. the unfairness caused by peer reviewers’ preferences for certain language traits
D. the language difference in papers written by male and female scientists and its consequences
【43~46题答案】
【答案】43. A 44. D 45. B 46. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述男女性科学家因为在论文中使用的语言不同而导致他们的结果不同。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers found that studies in prestigious journals with a male first or last author (or both) were 12% more likely to use sweeping, positive terms — “unique”, “robust”, “prominent”— than those where women were credited, which they believe contributed to the male studies getting about 10% more citations.(研究人员发现，在权威期刊上，有男性第一作者或最后作者(或两者兼而有之)的研究中，使用笼统、积极的术语——“独特的”、“健壮的”、“突出的”——的可能性比那些女性做的研究高出12%，他们认为正是这些术语才促使男性做的研究的被引用率高出约10% )”可知，研究表明，男性做的研究的被引用率高。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第八段“Experts say the study helps shed light on why women make up only 25% of medical professors.(专家说，这项研究有助于解释为什么女性只占医学教授的25% )”可知，这项研究有助于解释为什么女性只占医学教授的25%，所以C选项是这项研究做出贡献的地方；根据第十段“Researchers wanted to see why men are ranked favorably more often than women, even though the reviewers don’t see identifying information for the applicant.(研究人员想知道为什么男性比女性更受欢迎，即使评论者看不到申请者的身份信息)”可知，这项研究促使了对性别差异的模式和原因的探索，所以B选项是这项研究做出贡献的地方；根据最后一段“Given that only 25% of medical professors are female, Dr. Arora says, answering questions about what contributes to such distinction is essential. “How do we ensure equitable reviews across gender so that we do not see these findings?” she says. (考虑到只有25% 的医学教授是女性，阿罗拉博士说，回答是什么导致了这种差异的问题是必要的。“我们如何确保性别间的公平审查，从而不会看到这些发现？”她说)”可知，这项研究呼吁消除社会中的性别不平等，所以A选项是这项研究做出贡献的地方。根据第一段“Male scientists portray their studies as “unprecedented, remarkable, excellent and novel” more often than female scientists, a new study finds, which may contribute to gender differences in pay and promotion in the medical world.(一项新的研究发现，男性科学家比女性科学家更多地将他们的研究描述为“前所未有的、卓越的、优秀的和新颖的”，这可能导致了医学界薪酬和晋升方面的性别差异)”可知，导致了医学界薪酬和晋升方面的性别差异的是男性科学家比女性科学家更多地将他们的研究描述为“前所未有的、卓越的、优秀的和新颖的”这些词汇，而不是这项研究。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第十四段“Vineet Arora, a professor of medicine at University of Chicago Medicine, has done research showing that female physicians are penalized for demonstrating so-called male traits starting as early as their training.(芝加哥医学大学的医学教授Vineet Arora，做了一项研究，表明女医生因为在训练时就表现出所谓的男性特征而受到惩罚)”可知，根据芝加哥大学医学院的Vineet Arora教授的说法，女性因表现出所谓的男性特质而受到严厉批评。故选B。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Male scientists portray their studies as “unprecedented, remarkable, excellent and novel” more often than female scientists, a new study finds, which may contribute to gender differences in pay and promotion in the medical world.(一项新的研究发现，男性科学家比女性科学家更多地将他们的研究描述为“前所未有的、卓越的、优秀的和新颖的”，这可能导致了医学界薪酬和晋升方面的性别差异)”和第十一段“What we found was the biggest cause of distinction between male and female applicants was the language that they used to describe their ideas(我们发现，男性和女性申请者之间最大的区别在于他们用来描述自己想法的语言)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述男女性科学家因为在论文中使用的语言不同而导致他们的结果不同。故选D。
Section C
I still remember one of the first times we were required to give a speech in school. It might have been in Year Two or Three in 1999 or 2000. There was a list of suggested topics and one in particular stuck with me: “Sport: Breaking Down Barriers.” I don’t think many of us could fully understand this topic at the time. ____47____
I had some sense that picking this topic would mean giving a speech all about breaking world records and athletes who had achieved great things. But then our teachers started talking about things such as race and small countries, and we began to understand. Seeing the indigenous Australian Cathy Freeman win gold in the 400 meters, and hearing news anchors(新闻主播)repeating such an important achievement in the weeks following her victory, certainly helped us as well.
____48____ There is always some Canadian archer, a Cuban wrestler, or a Czech discus thrower who grabs the attention of a foreign crowd — not just those lining the stands but millions who are watching on screens the world over. The last few Olympics have seen a Jamaican sprinter being cheered along with everyone wanting to see him win as much as possible — even with representatives of their own nations having to lose in the process. Nations whose economic footprint and populations often mean they get overlooked just might take the gold medal.
____49____ The globalizing powers of trade and media that churned(搅动)through the second half of the 20th century hit overdrive (超速档) with the internet and the explosion of internet-supported devices and services. The Jamaican sprinter of the 21st century is on Twitter and wears Nike trainers. The long-awaited Olympic Games no longer feel as if they break down barriers but rather simply pass through a film (薄膜) that is increasingly dissolving.
The barriers that we at seven or eight were told sport could break down are just not there anymore. ____50____ In place of barriers, we see gaps — gaps of injustice, poverty and corruption. The internet has totally shrunk the world, leaving us jaded with the murder of black men by police as new videos are posted daily. Where the Olympics might once have superficially satisfied the world with symbols of progress, we are now aware of a world in which the idea of mere symbols simply isn’t going to cut it anymore.
A. What “barriers” was sport supposed to be breaking down?
B. Instead, we are able to see every corner of the world for what it is.
C. Whether the Olympics still matter is a hard concept for kids of that age to even really get their heads around.
D. However, the 2lst century has already featured another more pressing force by which the world has been shrunk.
E. Sport is an old-world method of shrinking the world, and the Olympics probably has historically shrunk the world the most.
F. Increasingly, equal access to the internet through the use of affordable devices is proving itself more powerful than sport in shrinking the world.
【47~50题答案】
【答案】47. A 48. E 49. D 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述互联网和互联网支持的设备和服务的爆炸式增长，体育运动这个缩小世界的旧方法已经不存在了。
【47题详解】
根据上文“There was a list of suggested topics and one in particular stuck with me: “Sport: Breaking Down Barriers.” I don’t think many of us could fully understand this topic at the time.”(有一个建议主题的列表，其中有一个特别让我印象深刻：“运动：打破障碍。”我不认为我们有许多人当时能完全理解这个话题。)可知，接下来作者要解释这个话题。选项A“体育运动应该打破什么样的“障碍”?”和上文意思一致。故选A。
【48题详解】
根据下文“There is always some Canadian archer, a Cuban wrestler, or a Czech discus thrower who grabs the attention of a foreign crowd — not just those lining the stands but millions who are watching on screens the world over. The last few Olympics have seen a Jamaican sprinter being cheered along with everyone wanting to see him win as much as possible — even with representatives of their own nations having to lose in the process.”(总会有一些加拿大弓箭手，一个古巴摔跤手，或者一个捷克铁饼运动员抓住外国观众的注意力——不仅仅是站在看台上的那些人，还有全世界数以百万计的观众。在过去的几届奥运会上，一位牙买加短跑运动员受到了所有希望看到他尽可能获胜的人的欢呼——即使在这个过程中他们自己国家的代表不得不输掉比赛。)可知，这一段主要讲述当参加体育比赛的运动员们进行比赛时，他会吸引全世界数以百万计的观众的观看，所以这是一种缩小世界人与人之间的距离的方法。选项E“体育是一种旧世界缩小世界的方法，而奥运会可能是历史上缩小世界最多的方法。”和下文意思一致。故选E。
【49题详解】
根据下文“The globalizing powers of trade and media that churned(搅动)through the second half of the 20th century hit overdrive (超速档) with the internet and the explosion of internet-supported devices and services. The Jamaican sprinter of the 21st century is on Twitter and wears Nike trainers. The long-awaited Olympic Games no longer feel as if they break down barriers but rather simply pass through a film (薄膜) that is increasingly dissolving.”(20世纪下半叶，随着互联网和互联网支持的设备和服务的爆炸式增长，贸易和媒体的全球化力量超速发展。21世纪的牙买加短跑运动员在推特上穿耐克运动鞋。期待已久的奥运会不再让人觉得是他们打破了障碍，而是简单地通过了一层日益溶解的薄膜)可知，这一段介绍，互联网和互联网支持的设备和服务的爆炸式增长，贸易和媒体的全球化力量超速发展。这是解释现代人们缩小世界的另一种方法。选项D“然而，二十一世纪已经出现了另一种更为紧迫的力量，世界因此而缩小。”和下文意思一致。故选D。
【50题详解】
根据上文“The barriers that we at seven or eight were told sport could break down are just not there anymore.”(我们在七八岁时被告知的运动可以打破的障碍已经不存在了)可知，接下来要介绍现在存在的是什么。选项B“相反，我们可以看到世界的每一个角落。”和上文意思一致。故选B。
71．Summary Writing（10 分）
51. Summary Writing
Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is:is economic globalization good for all?
Those who advocated globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. For example, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in local open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet. According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce poverty in a large number of developing countries. Home to some three billion people, these twenty- four countries have seen incomes increase at an average rate of five percent compared to two percent in developed countries.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually widening the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually profited from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. Moreover, they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to export their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of business. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to keep up and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about globalization--- there is no turning back. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The challenge now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.
【51题答案】
【答案】Is economic globalization good for all? Supporters of economic globalization maintain it has benefited developing nations, reducing poverty in those countries. However, opponents believe that economic globalization has failed to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. Additionally, it poses a threat to some small businesses. Yet, economic globalization is a growing trend. The problem is to find a solution thatbenefits all countries.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了经济全球化是否对所有人有利的问题。经济全球化让发展中国家受益，减少了这些国家的贫困。然而，经济全球化未能缩小贫富之间的差距。此外，它还对一些小企业构成了威胁。经济全球化是一种日益增长的趋势，人们要找到一个有利于所有国家的解决方案。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①The question is:is economic globalization good for all?
②Those who advocated globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses.
③ According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce poverty in a large number of developing countries.
④Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually widening the gap between the rich and poor.
⑤Moreover, they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses.
⑥One thing is certain about globalization--- there is no turning back.
⑦The challenge now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4、5三个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点，6、7两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Is economic globalization good for all?
Supporters of economic globalization maintain it has benefited developing nations, reducing poverty in those countries.
However, opponents believe that economic globalization has failed to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
Additionally, it poses a threat to some small businesses.
Yet, economic globalization is a growing trend.
The problem is to find a solution thatbenefits all countries.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Supporters of economic globalization maintain it has benefited developing nations, reducing poverty in those countries.（运用了省略了that的宾语从句，现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]：The problem is to find a solution that benefits all countries.（运用了不定式作表语）
V. Translation（15 分）
52. 缺乏足够训练让他与金牌失之交臂。(cost) （汉译英）
【52题答案】
【答案】Lack of enough training cost him the gold medal.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词，代词，短语和时态。表示“缺乏”应用名词短语lack of；表示“足够的”应用形容词enough；表示“训练”应用名词training；表示“他”应用代词him做宾语；表示“金牌”应用名词短语the gold medal；表示“让……与失之交臂”应用动词cost。这句话是描述过去的事情，所以谓语要用一般过去时。故翻译为Lack of enough training cost him the gold medal.
53. 很多游客感到困惑，为什么这个古镇没有以往那么迷人了。(as...as) （汉译英）
【53题答案】
【答案】Many tourists are confused why this ancient town is not as charming as it used to be.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。这是一个复合句，由句意可知用一般现在时，主句“很多游客感到困惑”表述为many tourists are confused，“为什么这个古镇没有以往那么迷人了”是一个宾语从句，从句中包含as...as引导的比较状语从句，表述为why this ancient town is not as charming as it used to be。故整句可译为Many tourists are confused why this ancient town is not as charming as it used to be。
54. 尽管高温天气接二连三，环卫工人(sanitation workers)仍坚守岗位，确保市民享受干净的环境。(ensure) （汉译英）
【54题答案】
【答案】Although the hot weather came one after another, the sanitation workers stuck to their posts to ensure citizens a neat and tidy environment.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和状语从句。 hot weather高温天气； one after another接二连三；sanitation workers环卫工人；stick to one's posts坚守岗位；ensure sb. sth.确保某人某事。although尽管，引导让步状语从句；陈述过去事情，用一般过去时；句中用不定式作目的状语。根据句意，故翻译为Although the hot weather came one after another, the sanitation workers stuck to their posts to ensure citizens a neat and tidy environment.
55. 一旦确认大楼倒塌的原因，政府会将调查结果公之于世，并将玩忽职守的人绳之以法。(once) （汉译英）
【55题答案】
【答案】Once the cause of the collapse is determined, the government will publish the results of its investigation and bring those who neglect their duties to justice.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句和定语从句。句子陈将来的事情，应用一般将来时，涉及的时间状语用一般现在时表将来；“一旦”是once，引导时间状语从句，“确认大楼倒塌的原因”是the cause of the collapse is determined；“政府”是the government，“将……公之于世”是publish sth.，作主句谓语动词，“调查结果”是the results of its investigation，“玩忽职守的人”是those who neglect their duties，who引导定语从句修饰代词those，“将……绳之以法”是bring sb. to justice。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Once the cause of the collapse is determined, the government will publish the results of its investigation and bring those who neglect their duties to justice.
76. Guided Writing（25 分）
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
一家服装店的橱窗外，两只狐狸在对话：
——爸爸快看，妈妈在对我笑呐！
——走吧儿子，有人过来了。
请简要描述这幅图片，并就其传达的信息和意义谈谈你的看法。

.
.
.
.
.
.
【56题答案】
【答案】 As it is depicted in the picture, two foxes are looking at a fashionable coat in front of a clothes shop. The young fox is especially glad when seeing the fur collar, saying, “Daddy, my mother is smiling to me”, while the old fox is rather worried, telling his child to go, as someone may come to catch them for fur. What a tragedy! The first time I saw this picture, something came to my mind immediately.
For one thing, it is human beings who are using animals’ furs to make clothing. For another, animals are sad to experience misfortune. There’s no doubt that they wish to escape this destiny, but they are too often too weak to run away, let alone to fight against this fate. Thus, the awareness of the significance of protecting animals should be enhanced and some proper measures should be taken. Only in this way, can animals and human beings live in harmony.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图画作文。请简要描述这幅图片，并就其传达的信息和意义谈谈你的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
加强：enhance→strengthen
担心的：worried→concerned
高兴的：glad→pleased
因此：thus→therefore
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：There’s no doubt that they wish to escape this destiny, but they are too often too weak to run away, let alone to fight against this fate.
拓展句：Although they wish to escape this destiny, they are too often too weak to run away, let alone to fight against this fate.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The young fox is especially glad when seeing the fur collar, saying, “Daddy, my mother is smiling to me”, while the old fox is rather worried, telling his child to go, as someone may come to catch them for fur. (运用了省略句和as引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] Only in this way, can animals and human beings live in harmony. (运用了部分倒装)



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