- 牛津深圳版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题3.音标学习(辅音1)+Unit 3 The Earth单词,课文,知识点预习(原卷版+解析版) 试卷 0 次下载
- 通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题8.动词分类和辨析(小初考点差异及衔接)(原卷版+解析版) 试卷 4 次下载
- 牛津深圳版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题6.音节划分+完形填空(原卷版+解析版) 试卷 0 次下载
- 通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题4.数词(小初考点差异及衔接)(原卷版+解析版) 试卷 2 次下载
- 外研版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题4.音标学习(辅音2)+Module 4 Healthy food单词,课文,知识点预习(原卷版+解析版) 试卷 0 次下载
通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题7.介词(小初考点差异及衔接)(原卷版+解析版)
展开介词(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学要求
1.时间介词:2.方位介词:3.动向介词:4.方式介词:5.原因介词:
初中要求
1、 介词的功能;
2、 常用介词的用法辨析;
3、介词的固定搭配。
【小学介词考点聚焦】
考点1.时间介词:
1. I often watch TV _______ night.
A. on B. at C. to D. with
2. It often rains _______ June.
A. at B. to C. in D. for
考点2.方位介词:
1.There is a cup of milk ________the table. (in, on)
2. Who is the boy ________ the tree.
3. They are waiting for a bus _______ the bus station.
A. at B. in C. to D. of
3.动向介词:
1. This train travels from London ________ Paris. (at, to )
4.方式介词:
1. —What’s this _______ English? —It’s an apple.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
用所给的介词填空,有些介词可以多次使用
at, in, on, from, to
Mr. Wilson is a zookeeper (动物园管理员). He works ____1___ National Zoo. He gets up ____2___ six o’clock ____3___ the morning. He has breakfast ____4___ home. Then he goes ____5___ the zoo to feed(喂养) to animals. He cleans their cages ___6____ Monday ___7____ Friday. He doesn’t work ____8____ Sundays and he wakes up ____9___ ten o’clock. He loves going ___10____ the beach in summer.
【初中介词考点聚焦】
考点清单
考点一 介词的功能
介词是一种虚词,用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中 作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。如:
The man came down the stairs. (状) // My mother will be back in half an hour. (状)
The boy over there is my friend. (定) // The woman with a flower on her head is from the countryside. (定)
The teacher is now with the pupils. (表) // Li Ting is from Guilin. (表) // Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
考点二、常用介词、介词短语的用法辧祈
1. 表时间的介词
(1)at / in / on
★at表示在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前。如:at 7:00;at noon;at midnight等。
★in表示在一段时间里(如:某个世纪,季节,某年,某月,上午,下午,晚上等)(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)。如:in summer;in 2013;in three days;in May;in winter;in the morning;in the afternoon等。
★on表示在具体的某一天或者某一天的某一段时间。如:on Monday;on the morning of June 1st;on a cold day;on Monday;on July 1st;on Sunday morning 等。
【注意】 this, that, last, next, every, yesterday, tomorrow等词用在morning, afternoon, night及星期的七个词前一律不能加介词。如:I went to Hangzhou last Sunday.
(2)since / after / for
★since后加时间点或过去时的句子,表示“自从(过去某时)以来”。如:
She has worked here since 2000. 自2000年以来,她就在这里工作。
★after后跟具体时刻,表示“在……时刻之后”,常用于将来时;后跟时间段,多用于过去时。如:
He said that he would be here after 6:00. 他说他六点钟之后会来这儿。
★for后跟一段时间,表示“(持/延续)……之久”。如:
We have lived in China for two years. 我们已经在中国住了两年。
(3)before / ago
★ago立足于现在,表示从现在起,若干时间前;ago通常与一般过去时连用,不能与完成时连用。如:
I met him three years ago. (距今)
★before立足过去,表示从过去某一时刻起,若干时间以前,before通常与过去完成时连用。如:
I had met him three years before. (距当时)
(4)during / until / before / by
★during表示“在……期间”。如:I enjoyed myself during the summer vacation. 我在暑假期间玩得很高兴。
★until表示“直到……为止”。如:I won’t leave until you come back. 我将不离开,直到你回来。
★before表示“在……之前”。如:Wash hands before dinner. 饭前要洗手。
★by表示“到……为止”。如:I will go there by six. 我六点前会去那里。
①Mother’s Day is the second Sunday in May.
②We usually get to school 7:40 in the morning.
③Her birthday is winter, the most beautiful season in a year.
④Uncle Wang has worked in the factory twenty years.
⑤—How soon will he come back?
— a month.
2. 表示地点、方位的介词
(1)方位介词at / in / on
★at表示地点:用于指较小的地方或用于门牌号码前。如:
I shall wait for you at the station. // He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.
★in表示地点:用于指较大的地方或虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in。商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点(point)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in。如:
He lives in Shanghai. // I met him at the post-office. // I’m now working in the post-office.
★on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触(在某一层楼上),意为“在……上;在……旁”。如:
The picture was hanging on the wall. // New York is on the Hudson River.
(2)“上下”介词over / above / on / below / under
★over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under;over还有“覆盖在……上面”之意。如:
There is a bridge over the river. // The cat is lying under the chair. // There’s a piece of cloth over the table.
★above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。如:We flew above the clouds.
★on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一个的上面。如:They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
(3)in / on / to+方位名词
★in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:Taiwan is in the southeast of China. // Beijing is in the north of China.
★to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:Japan lies to the east of China.
★on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:North Korea is on the east of China.
(4)“前后”介词in front of / in the front of / behind / before
★in front of…意为“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。如:
There are some flowers in front of the house. 房子前面有些花卉。
★in the front of 意为“在……的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部。反义词是at the back of…(在……范围内的后部)。如:
There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前. (老师在教室里)
★behind表示在某一位置之后。如:
There’s a pay phone in front of the library and a swimming pool behind it. 图书馆前面有个投币式电话,后面有个游泳池。
★before意为“在……前面”,表示位置、顺序。如:Spring comes before summer.
(5)“左右”介词on the left / right of;“旁边”介词beside / by;“对面”介词across / from。如:
Linda sits beside/by me, just on my left. 琳达坐在我旁边,正好在我左边。
(6)“里外”介词in / inside / into / outside / out of
★in 在……内部。如:The pen is in my pencil case. 钢笔在我的铅笔盒里。
★inside在……里面/到……里面(强调以……为界),反义词outside在……外面。如:
We are asked to stay inside the building at work. 我们被要求待在楼里工作。
★into到……内,其反义短语为out of。如:Pour some milk into the blender. 把牛奶倒入搅拌机里。
(7)“之间”介词between / among
★between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between。如:
I’m sitting between Tom and Alice. // The village lies between three hills.
★among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:He is the best among the students. // She sings best among us all.
3. 方式、手段、工具等介词by / with / in / on
★①by表示用某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词,若后接动词,需将动词变为动名词形式。如:
This pair of shoes is made by hand. 这双鞋是手工做的。// He makes a living by teaching. 他靠教书为生。
②by, in, on表交通方式:用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;用on或in时,交通工具前用限定词。如:Jenny goes to school by bike. 詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=on a bike)
Mr. Green goes to work by car. 格林先生开车去上班。(by car=in a car)
★with表示“用”某种工具,身体的某一部位或器官。如:Cut the bag with the knife. 用刀子割开这个包。
How amazing! The boy can write with his two hands at the same time. 真神奇,这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。
★in+语言类名词或工具的具体类型,语言、工具前不加冠词。如:
Can you spell it in English? 你会用英语把它拼出来吗?// Don’t write in pencil. 不要用铅笔写。
★on+网络/电脑/电视/电话/收音机/大米/脚等。一般表示“通过/用/以(网络/电脑/电视/电话/收音机等)方式”。如:
Jim learns Chinese on the radio. 吉姆通过收音机学汉语。
The Chinese people live on rice. 中国人以大米为食。// Lucy often goes to school on foot. 露西常常走路上学。
①Li Ming goes to school his father‘’s car every day.
②Mr. Green is writing the blackboard.
③They held a large umbrella her.
④—Can a plane fly the Atlantic Ocean?
—Yes,but it needs to go the clouds for hours.
⑤You must be careful when you swim the lake.
4. 其他介词
(1)across / through表示“通过,穿过”时的用法区别:
★across意为“横过,穿过”,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。如:Go across the bridge and you will see the cinema.
★through意为“穿过,通过”,指从某一物体空间内通过。如:The moon shone in through the window.
(2)besides / except / except for / but表示“除……外”时的用法区别:
★besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质,还包括在内。如:
Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
【注意】besides用于否定句中时,与except, but同义,可互换。如:We have no other books besides / except these.
★except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质,不包括在内。如:
We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.(王先生没去)
★except for表示“除了……”,即表示除去整体中的一部分。如:
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
★but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。如:
Nobody knew it but me. // There is nothing but a card in the box.
(3)on / about表示“关于”时的用法区别:
★on 表示学术性、论述性的“关于”。如:It is a book on birds. 那是一本论述鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)
★about 表示涉猎性的“关于”,指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通。如:
It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟类的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的故事书)
(4)near / by / beside / at表示“在……附近”时的用法区别:
★near意为“在……附近”,表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。如:Suzhou is near Shanghai.
★at意为“在……旁边”,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表位置关系。如:
The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher.
★by意为“在……近旁”,比near表示的距离近。如:Tony was sitting at the table by the window.
★beside意为“在……旁边”,表示紧挨着。如:Tom was sitting beside his grandma.
by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不可能很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”之意。
(5)in the tree / on the tree表示“在树上”时的用法区别:
★in the tree 指动物或人在树上。如:There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
★on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上。如:There are many apples on the apple tree. 苹果树上有许多苹果。
(6)like / as表示“像……一样”时的用法区别:
★like意为“像……一样”,用于说明相似关系,实际上不是。如:
He talked to me like my father. 他像父亲那样跟我谈话。(他不是我父亲)
★as用作连词时,意为“像……一样”;as用作介词时,意为“作为,以……的身份”,后跟表示职业、职务的名词。如:He doesn’t run so fast as I (do). 他不像我跑得那么快。
He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我说话。(他是我父亲)
(7)with / without表示伴随时的用法区别
★with表示伴随,意为“和……一起”,用作状语。如:
He came in with a book in his hand. 他进来了,手里拿着一本书。
★without表示伴随,意为“没有”,用作状语。如:
He left without saying a word. 他什么也没有说就离开了。
(8)under / with / in表示“在……下”时的用法区别:
★under“在……(的关怀)下”。如:Children have grown up under the Party’s care.
★with“在……(帮助下)”。如:With Jim’s help, I finished my maths homework quickly.
★in“在(阳光)下”。如:Don’t read in the sun, please.
(9)in / into表示“在/到……里面”时的用法区别:
★in“在……里面”,表示状态。如:There is a pen in the pencil-case.
★/into“往/到……里面”,表示动作。如:I saw Jack putting a ruler into her pencil-case.
(10)on / onto表示“在/到……上面”时的用法区别:
★on“在……上面”,表示状态。如:There is a boy on the horse.
★onto“往/到……上面”,表示动作。如:The boy jumped onto the horse.
(11)after / behind表示“在……后面”时的用法区别:
★after“在……之面”,指时间和顺序。如:I came to see my uncle after two weeks. // Spring comes after winter.
★behind“在……后面”,表示位置。如:Jim stopped to get the stick and fell behind.
(12)to / towards / for表示“到/往/朝/去/向……”时的用法区别:
★to“到,往”,强调目的地,多用于come, go, return, move等动词后。如:Mr. Brown moved to Paris last year.
★towards“朝,向”,表示方向,含有没有到达之意。如:He walked towards his office.
★for“去,往”,表示方向,多用于leave, start等动词后。如:He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.
(13)of/ to/ for表示“……的”时的用法区别:
★of表示“……的”,表示所属关系。如:This is a map of the world.
★to表示“……的”,表示对于、通向。如:Please give me the key to the door.
★for表示“……的”,表示用途。如:I want to buy two tickets for the concert.
(14)of sb. / for sb.表示“对于(某人)”,时的用法区别:
★of sb.“对于(某人)”,用于“It is+adj.+of sb. +to do sth.”句型中,形容词为clever, kind, nice, good, polite, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等描述人物性格、品质特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。如:It’s very nice/kind of you to do so.
★for sb.“对于(某人)”,用于“It is+adj.+for sb. +to do sth.”句型中,形容词为easy, important, hard, difficult, necessary, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等描述事物特征的词,for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。如:It’s too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.
①They will finish the work an hour.
一小时后他们将完成这项工作。
② a warm spring afternoon 在一个温暖的春天的下午
③He has studied English 2000.
自从2000年他就开始学英语了。
④Our teacher usually stands the classroom.
我们的老师通常站在教室前面。
⑤Wine is made grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿造的。
⑥Clothes are used keeping us warm.
衣服是用来为我们保暖的。
考点三、介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系,才会正确使用介词。
1. 动词+介词
agree with同意;arrive in/at 到达;ask for请求;base on以……为根据;begin with 以……开始;belong to 属于;call on号召,访问,邀请;deal (do) with 处置,对待;decide on 决定;depend on 依赖,依靠;die of (from)死于;do well in在……方面做得好;drop off放下(某物);(让某人)下车;fill with充满,装满;get to到达;give up放弃;go in for从事,致力于;hand in上交;hear from 收到……的来信;hear of 听说;help…with 帮助;laugh at嘲笑;learn from向……学习;leave for出发去某地;listen on 听……;look at (有意识地)看;look after照顾,照看;look for寻找;look like看上去像;look about/around四下看,到处看;meet with偶尔遇见,遭遇;multiply…by… ……乘以……;pass on 传递;pay for (sth.) 付(……)钱,支付(……费用);point to指着;put on穿上;prefer…to… 宁愿选择……,更喜欢……;regard…as… 把……看作……;send for派人去叫,叫人去拿;shout at大声叫喊,吼叫;smile at向……微笑;speak to对……说;take away拿走,带走;take down拿下,取下;take off脱下,起飞;talk to与……谈话;thanks to 幸亏,由于;think about 考虑;think of考虑,关心;try on试穿(衣服,鞋等);turn...into... 把……变成……;turn on (off)打开(关上);turn up (down) 开大(关小);wait for等候,等待;write to写信给……;等等。
2. 介词+名词
at all根本,全然;at home在家;at dinner在吃正餐;at first首先,at hospital 在医院;at last最后,终于;at least 至少;at night在晚上;at noon在中午;at once立刻,马上;at school在学校;at sea在大海上;起初;at work在工作;at the age of 在……岁时;at the back of 在……后面;at the end of 在……结尾;at the foot of 在……脚下;at the meeting 在会上;at the same time 同时,然而;at the table在桌子旁;by hand用手,手工,亲手;by the end of 到……结束时;by the time... 到……的时候;by the way顺便说说(问问);by bus乘公共汽车;by train 乘火车;by spaceship乘坐宇宙飞船;day by day日复一日;in a hurry匆忙,急忙;in a low voice小声地;in a minute 一会儿;in a short while 不久; in a word总而言之,一句话;in bed 卧床;in English用英语;in fact事实上;in front of在……前面;in life 一生中;in no time立刻,很快;in all总共,总计;in line成直线;in order按顺序,整齐,正常;in order to为了,以便;in public当众,公开地;in space 在空间;in surprise惊奇地;in time 及时;in town在城里;in trouble处于困境;in silence不作声;in this way用这种方法;in the air 在空中;in the distance 在远处;in the street在街上;in the end最后,终于;in the day在白天;in the middle of 在中间;in the sun在阳光下;in the tree在树上;on foot步行;on one’s way to在某人去……的路上;on time准时,按时;of course当然(可以);on display陈列,展览;on duty值日;one by one —个接一个;on the earth在地球上;on show展出;on the left (right)在左(右)边;on the radio通过无线电广播;on top of... 在……顶上;out of breath上气不接下气;out of sight消失,看不见;out of work失业;to this day直到今天;to one’s surprise (joy) 使某人吃惊(高兴)的是;with a smile带着微笑;等等。
3. 介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配
be angry at sth. 为某事生气be angry with sb. 跟某人生气;be busy with... 忙于……;be born in ... 出生于……;be full of... 充满……;be good at… 擅长……;be interested in 对……感兴趣;keep out of不让进入;be made of... 由……制成(物理变化);be made from... 由……制成(化学变化);be pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意;be proud of... 以……为自豪(骄傲);be satisfied with sth. 对某事感到满意;be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求;be sure of... 确信……;be surprised at 对……感到惊奇(诧异);be tired of… 讨厌……,厌烦……;be used to... 习惯于……;break into (in)闯入;catch up with跟上,赶上;go to school去上学;go to bed (sleep)去睡觉;go to the cinema 去看电影;have nothing to do with… 与……无关;look forward to盼望,期待;say hello to 向……问好;take care of照顾,关心,保管;take (catch) hold of 抓住;take part in 参加;等等。
【考点拓展】
1. 介词短语在句子中的位置:
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如:He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year. (状语)
The letters are for you. (表语) // Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs? (定语)
2. 使用介词时应注意的问题
(1)时间介词的省略。在this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each/one/all等词构成的时间短语前,一般不用at, in, on。如:Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao. // He had a bad cold that week.
I want to buy a dictionary tomorrow. // I watched a film last night. // It is fine today.
在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如:(on) that day, (in)the year before last。如:
He said that he helped an old man cross the street that day.
(2)介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。当宾语是疑问词时。如:Who are you talking about?
宾语在从句中当连接词时。如:He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.
Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?
动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。如:I finally found a chair to sit on.
一、填空题
1.It was cold these days. The temperature remained b freezing all day.
2.Don’t walk a the street when the traffic lights are red.
3.The boy stood (倚着)the wall without saying a word.
4.Yongjiang River runs (通过)our beautiful city.
5.I kept thinking about the accident and woke up several times d the night.
6.The boy sat b his mother quietly, listening to the story of Monkey King.
7.Look! Our art teacher is sitting (在……中间)the students on the grass.
8.We kept going, (无,没有)thinking about anything else.
9.Go a the road until you reach the end, and then you can find the bookstore.
10.We work six days a week, from Monday to Saturday, Sunday. We can have a rest on Sunday.
二、单项选择
1.The boy has no interest in study. , he has fallen behind his classmates.
A.At last B.As usual C.As a result D.At least
2.We are likely to lose control and buy many useless things the low price online.
A.because of B.thanks to
C.instead of D.according to
3.The British girl blue eyes won first prize in the Chinese Speech Contest.
A.by B.on C.in D.with
二
一、填空题
1.They discussed problems which affect the environment such pollution and climate change, and talked about possible ways to these problems.
2.They didn’t need to worry me because this trip would be almost the same as that one.
3.Recently Dubai has attracted more and more visitors abroad.
4.My father is very busy and he works every day Sunday.
5.It prevents animals having more babies.
6.We should learn many subjects, (包括)Chinese, math, English, science and so on.
7.However,his family are (反对)it and breaks his guitar.
8.A nice look doesn’t mean you have to spend a lot of money clothes or accessories(配饰).
9.But (没有)sunlight and good soil, the tree soon died.
二、单项选择
1.—Are you watching the football matches of the World Cup these days?
—Sometimes, and I’ll watch the match England and Germany.
A.against B.about C.through D.between
2.Thirty firemen lost their lives while saving the forest in Liangshan, Sichuan Province. They will be remembered heroes forever.
A.for B.of C.as D.to
3.To my pleasure, my family are always me whatever I decide to do.
A.past B.without
C.behind D.against
4.Tara opened the box. To her surprise, was a new camera.
A.inside B.outside
C.beside D.behind
通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题5.形容词、副词(小初考点差异及衔接)(原卷版+解析版): 这是一份通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题5.形容词、副词(小初考点差异及衔接)(原卷版+解析版),文件包含通用版英语小升初暑假衔接专题5形容词副词小初考点差异及衔接解析版docx、通用版英语小升初暑假衔接专题5形容词副词小初考点差异及衔接原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共47页, 欢迎下载使用。
通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题4.数词(小初考点差异及衔接)(原卷版+解析版): 这是一份通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题4.数词(小初考点差异及衔接)(原卷版+解析版),文件包含通用版英语小升初暑假衔接专题4数词小初考点差异及衔接解析版docx、通用版英语小升初暑假衔接专题4数词小初考点差异及衔接原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共24页, 欢迎下载使用。
通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题8.动词分类和辨析(小初考点差异及衔接)(原卷版+解析版): 这是一份通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题8.动词分类和辨析(小初考点差异及衔接)(原卷版+解析版),文件包含通用版英语小升初暑假衔接专题8动词分类和辨析小初考点差异及衔接解析版docx、通用版英语小升初暑假衔接专题8动词分类和辨析小初考点差异及衔接原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共29页, 欢迎下载使用。