2023年中考英语语法专项复习课件——动词分类

这是一份2023年中考英语语法专项复习课件——动词分类，共43页。PPT课件主要包含了动词分类等内容，欢迎下载使用。

动词按功能分为四大类：实义动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。
及物动词本身意义不完整，需接宾语其意义才完整。可构成“动词＋宾语”、“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”、“动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”三种结构。如：① He’s reading a magazine. (他正在读一本杂志。)② Mr. Zhang teaches us English. (张老师教我们英语。)③ We ften hear him sing in the park. (我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。）
实义动词在句中可以独立作谓语，按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(1)不及物动词本身意义完整，可单独在句中作谓语。如：My watch stpped. (我的表停了。) (2)不及物动词不可直接跟宾语，需借助介词或副词构成动词短语。注意在“动词＋副词”的结构中，若名词作宾语，名词可放在动词和副词之间，也可放在副词之后；若代词作宾语，代词必须放在动词和副词之间。如： ①Can I put the bk away?＝Can I put away the bk? (我可以把这本书收起来吗？) ②He will nt give it up fr mney. (他不会为了钱放弃它。)
(一)动词＋介词/副词1. 表示不同范围
动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形8式，常见的动词短语结构有：
give短语give away(捐赠)　　　　give back还(给，归还) give in(屈服，让步) give ff发出(光、热等) give ut(散布，分发) give up(放弃)put短语put away(把……收起来) put back(放回原处) put dwn(写下，记下) put ff (推迟) put n穿上；上演；(体重)增加put ut (熄灭；扑灭) put up(搭建；张贴) put int (把……放入……)
take短语take after(与……相像) take away(带走，拿走) take back(拿回；退回) take dwn(拆除)take ff(起飞；脱掉) take ut(带出)take up(占据；开始做) take care f(照顾)take part in(参加) take pride in(以……为傲)cme短语cme in(进来；到达) cme ut(出现；出版) cme back(回来；回想起) cme dwn(降落，落下) cme frm(出生于；来自) cme n(赶快；加油)cme ver(来访) cme up with(想出；提出)
lk短语lk at (看) lk fr (寻找) lk arund (环顾) lk up t (尊敬)lk ut f (从……向外看) 　lk like (看起来像) lk up (查阅) lk thrugh (浏览) lk ver (检查) lk after (照顾) lk ut (注意，小心) lk frward t (盼望，期盼)turn短语turn dwn (调低，关小) turn up (开大，调高) turn ff (关掉) turn n (打开)turn in (上交) turn rund/arund (回答) turn ver (翻开，翻转) turn ut (结果证明是) turn ... int ... (把……变成)
2. 不同动词＋同一介词/副词
fr短语ask fr (请求) pay fr (为……付钱) care fr (照顾，关怀) stand fr (代表)leave fr (动身去) wait fr (等待) prepare fr (为……做准备)thanks fr (因为……而感谢)ut短语get ut (出去) take ut (取出，拿出) break ut (爆发) give ut (分发)find ut (发现) lk ut (小心) pint ut (指出) die ut (灭绝；消失)check ut (检验，检查) carry ut (执行，实行) put ut (扑灭) run ut (用尽) set ut (出发) wrk ut (解决)
up短语bring up (提出；抚养) call up (打电话) catch up (赶上) cheer up (使……高兴)cut up (切碎) fix up (修理) give up (放弃) lk up (查阅) pick up (捡起；用车接……) take up (占据；开始做) set up (建立) stay up (熬夜) shw up (出现，露面) use up (用光) wake up (醒来) warm up (热身)with短语agree with (赞同) get alng with (相处) cnnect with (把……和……联系起来)play with (玩；玩弄) talk with (与……说话) cmmunicate with (与……交流)begin/start with (以……开始) fill with (充满) deal with (处理；应付)catch up with (赶上) cme up with (提出；想出)
abut短语talk abut (谈论) think abut (考虑) wrry abut (担心)dwn短语take dwn (取下；拿下) write dwn (写下，记下) lie dwn (躺下) sit dwn (坐下) cut dwn (砍倒；削减) slw dwn (减速)die dwn (逐渐变弱；消失) fall dwn (倒塌) pull dwn (拆毁)turn dwn (调低，关小) break dwn (停止运转)
(二)动词＋名词＋介词
get rid f (摆脱) have an effect n (对……有影响/效果)take pride in (为……感到自豪) make friends with (与……交友)make fun f (取笑)　　　　take part in (参加)take care f (照顾) take the place f (代替)
(三)动词＋副词＋介词(宾语只能放在介词后)
add up t (总计) catch up with (赶上) end up with (以……告终)fill up with (用……装满) lk ut f (从……往外看) run ut f (用完)lk frward t (期待；盼望) keep away frm (远离) hld n t (抓住；保留)keep up with (跟上；不落后) cme up with [想出(主意等)]
(四)动词＋反身代词＋介词
dress neself in [穿(衣服)]help neself t [自取用/用(某物)]
1．Wait plitely, please. Dn’t ______ n thers.A．cut in　 B．cut dwn 　 C．cut ut　 D．cut shrt2．Every student is suppsed t ______ a sprting activity fr a healthy life.　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．cme acrss B．put away C．turn dwn D．take up3．—We shuld frm the gd habit f saving fd nw.—I agree, s I always ______ the fd I rder.A．eat up 　　 B．give up 　　　 C．turn up
4．We are suppsed t ______ smart phnes and take mre exercise instead.A．take up B．put away C．lk int D．give ut5．—Larry has changed a lt since he had a baby.—Yeah. Being a parent has ______ all his lve and sense f duty.A．taken up B．brught ut C．made up D．given ut6．—Hell! I’d like t speak t the Custmer Service Department.—Please ______ and I’ll put yu thrugh.A．hld n B．carry n C．cme n D．g n
7．I’m ______ things fr my trip because I like t get things ready earlier.A．keeping clear f B．making a list fC．getting n well with D．winning the heart f8．—China’s Tianwen 1 prbe made a histric landing n Mars last week!—What exciting news! Let’s ______ mre infrmatin abut it n the Internet.A．find ut B．hear f C．shut ff D．think abut9．There is n need t ______ every new wrd in the dictinary when yu are reading.A．lk up B．lk at C．lk after D．lk thrugh
10．The Tky Olympics will be held frm July 23 t Aug. 8. Chinese athletes (运动员) will ______ 155 events.A．take part in B．take care fC．take pride in D．pay attentin t
系动词是指连接主语和表语的动词，用以说明主语的身份、性质、特征及状态。
1．He ______ like his brther.A．lk B．lks C．lking2．May I have sme mre chicken? It ______ s delicius.A．feels B．smells C．tastes D．sunds3．This pair f trusers ______ smth because they are made f Chinese silk.A．feels B．feel C．is felt D．are felt4．Yur idea _____ gd. Let’s give it a try and see if it will wrk.A．sunds B．smells C．lks
5．Dreams are pwerful and they can drive yu t wrk harder and _________ (becme) better than befre.6．—Des the dish taste as __________ (well) as it lks?—Yes. I can’t wait t eat it.7．I like teachers wh ________ (be) always friendly, helpful and fair t each student.8．Well, let me see. I prmise t ________ (keep) the secret.9．你如果吃这么多巧克力是会发胖的。Yu’ll ___________ if yu eat s much chclate.
【答题方法】 解答此类题目时，需要分析句子结构，弄清句子所缺成分，若后面为形容词作表语，则考虑填系动词；再根据语境考虑填表示状态、表示持续、表示感官还是表示状态变化的系动词。
情态动词:表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气且本身有一定词义的动词就是情态动词，不能单独作谓语。
由must或need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have t；否定回答常用needn’t或dn’t have t。如： —Must/Need I answer the questin? (我必须/需要回答这个问题吗？) —Yes, yu must/have t./N, yu needn’t/dn’t have t. (是的，你必须回答。/不，你不必回答。)
情态动词表推测 1．表示肯定推测时，must语气最强，最肯定。can/culd可能性比may/might要大，相当于pssibly。might 的可能性比may小。如： ①There’s Tm’s name n the bk. It must be his. (这本书上有汤姆的名字。这一定是他的。) ②Lightning can be very dangerus. (闪电可能会非常危险。)[强调客观可能性] ③She may g t visit her friend at weekends, but she isn’t sure. (她可能周末去拜访朋友，但她还不确定。)
2．表示否定推测时，may nt 表示“可能不”，而can’t则表示“不可能”，语气最肯定。如：①She may nt be in the library. (她可能不在图书馆。)②She can’t be in the library. She has gne t the teachers’ ffice. (她不可能在图书馆。她去老师办公室了。)
can：表示本能be able t: 表示经过努力奋斗能做成的事
can: 只用于一般现在时和一般过去时be able t: 可用于多种时态
Yu will be able t pass the exam after wrking hard.
I am sure Cindy will be able t find the htel.
must表示“主观上的必须”；have t 表示“客观上的不得不”。We must drink water every day.My bike was brken, s I had t walk t schl yesterday.
must & have t
后接名词、代词或不定式作宾语
I need anther 10 minutes.Yu need t water the flwers nce a week.
1．What an amazing rbt! It ______ ck mre than 5,000 dishes.A．shall B．need C．must D．can2．—Excuse me, can I brrw this bk?—Sure, but yu ______ return it by the end f this term.A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t3．—Simn, I’m afraid we can’t cmplete the mdel spaceship this afternn.—Well, we ______ finish it tday. It’s fine if we give it t Mr. Wang tmrrw.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shuldn’t
4．We ______ try ur best t fight against pllutin.A．shuld B．may C．mustn’t D．needn’t5．—Only ten tickets? What d yu mean? There ______ be twelve.—Srry, Linda. Jacky and Tim tk tw tickets away.A．shuld B．will C．can D．may6．We ______ see which way t g if the stars d nt twinkle (闪耀) s.A．can nt B．shuld nt C．must nt D．need nt
7．—______ yu give me a hand? I can’t mve the bx by myself.—N prblem.A．Culd B．Shuld C．Must D．Need8．Peple ______ talk n a mbile phne while they are driving.A．shuldn’t 　B．needn’t 　 C．must D．can9．—I wnder if this glass is Tm’s.—It ______ be his. His was brken just nw.A．mustn’t B．may nt C．can’t D．shuldn’t10．—May I park my car here?—N, yu ______ .Can’t yu see the sign?A．mustn’t B．wuldn’t C．needn’t D．culdn’t
1. 分类及其变化形式
协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词，被协助的动词称作主要动词。
(1)表示时态。如：She is washing clthes.(她正在洗衣服。) (2)表示语态。如：He was sent t England.(他被派往了英国。) (3)构成疑问句。如： ①Have yu handed it int yur teacher? (你把它上交给你的老师了吗？) ②D yu like cllege life? (你喜欢大学生活吗？) (4)与否定副词nt连用，构成否定句。如：This desn’t nly happen in China.(这不仅仅发生在中国。) (5)加强语气，表示强调。如：He did knw that.(他的确知道那件事。)