【暑假高三预备】课标全国卷地区英语高二（升高三）暑假预习-第04讲 动词和动词短语 讲学案

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2023年新高三英语【暑假自学课】（课标全国卷）
第04讲 动词和动词短语 解析版

1. 掌握动词的不同类型。
2. 掌握系表结构的用法。
3. 掌握动词短语的构成及基本用法。


一、动词类型思维导图

二、行为动词/实义动词
在英语中绝大多数的动词都是行为动词。行为动词能独立作句子的谓语。复习行为动词时，要注意三种情况：一是它们是及物动词还是不及物动词；二是它们是延续性动词还是非延续性动词；三是一些动词、动词短语的特殊用法。
1. 及物动词(vt.)与不及物动词(vi.)
所谓及物动词，就是其后必须跟宾语才能表达完整意思的动词。而不及物动词之后则不跟宾语，它的意思也完整，请注意，有很多动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，但意思上存在差异。例如：
—What do they grow in the field? 他们在田里种什么？
—They grow vegetables.(vt.)他们种蔬菜。
What are you going to do when you grow up? (vi.)你长大后将要干什么？
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago? 他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词)
有些及物动词之后可以接两个宾语: 直接宾语和间接宾语。 前者常指物, 表示动作的承受者或者结果; 后者常指人, 表示动作的执行者或者对象。接双宾语的结构主要有两种:
(1)动词+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。例如:
Please pass me the ruler. 请把尺子递给我。
(2)动词+ 直接宾语+ to/for + 间接宾语。例如：
Please pass the ruler to me. 请把尺子递给我。
在动词 give, pass, show, hand, lend, return, sell, send, take, bring 等后面用 to 表示 “给”, 强调动作的对象。如:
Mary, lend your book to your sister. 玛丽，把你的书借给你姐姐
在动词 buy, get, make, choose, cook, do, find, sing 等后面用 for 表示 “为; 替”, 强调动作的目的。例如:
My mother cooks delicious food for me every day. 我妈妈每天为我煮美味的食物。
2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词
表示行为动作可以持续不断进行的动词叫延续性动词，如 live, work 等；而表示动作瞬间即结束的动词叫非延续性动词，或者叫结束性动词，如 begin, die, reach, leave 等。
延续性动词后可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，而非延续性动词则不能。若非延续性动词要与表示一段时间的状语连用，就必须将非延续性动词改为可以替代它的延续性动词或动词短语，最常见的有： buy→have; borrow→keep; die→be dead; begin/start→be on; end/finish→be over; leave→be away; join→be in/be a member of; go out→be out
误： How long may I borrow this book? (要将 borrow 改为 keep)
误： Hurry up! The play has begun for ten minutes! (要将 begun 改为 been on)
三、助动词
助动词主要有 do, does, did, have, has, had, am, is, are, was, were, will, would, shall, should。助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，在句中与行为动词一起构成各种时态、语态或肯定、否定及疑问结构。
一）助动词be（am, is, are, was, were）的用法
1. 助动词be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。
Who is playing the violin? 谁在拉小提琴？
2. 助动词be/been后跟过去分词构成被动语态。
He was asked to do the work. 有人要他干这件工作。
You are invited to attend the meeting. 有人邀请你参加会议。
3. 助动词be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况：
①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。
I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。
②表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。
You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。
You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。
③表示义务、责任等，同should。
You are to be back before five. 你得在5点钟以前回来。
二）助动词have (has, had)的用法
助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时。如：
We have already finished the work. He has been a doctor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。
三）do(does, did) 的用法
1. 构成疑问句或否定句
He doesn’t do his homework carefully. 他做作业不仔细。（注意：句子中的do是实义动词）
2. 加强语气。
He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。Do come and see us.一定来看我们。
3. 代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。
He speaks French as fluently as she does. 他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。
4. 用于倒装句中。
Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。
He likes dancing. So do I. 他喜欢跳舞，我也一样。
四）shall (should)和will (would) 的用法
1. shall(should)用于第一人称的将来时中。如：
I shall think it over. 我要好好考虑一下。 When shall I see you again? 我何时再见到你？
I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打电话告诉她我要去伦敦。
2. will用于第二、第三人称的将来时态中，在现代英语中可以用于所有人称
You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。
He wanted to know when you would finish the writing.他想知道你何时完成写作。
四、连系动词
常用连系动词
词义
例句
be
是
I’m a girl with short hair.
become
成为，变得
Mike becomes interested in Chinese.
turn
变得
Mr. White’s face turned red.
get
变得
The weather is getting bad.
smell
闻起来
The flowers smell nice.
sound
听起来
The plan sounds good.
taste
尝起来
The soup tastes delicious.
stay
保持
The shop stays open till 8 pm.
grow
成长，变得
Her hair is growing white.
keep
保持
The girl keeps silent all the time.
feel
感到，摸起来
The coat feels very soft
look
看起来
My mother looks very young.
注意
1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。
2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do,does,did等。

五、情态动词
情态动词
意义及用法
例句
may
表示“请求许可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn’t。
—May I go out and play football?
—No,you mustn’t.　
表推测，意思是“可能”。
Mr.Li may be at home.
can
(could)
表示“能力”，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为can’t, couldn’t。
Mike can speak a little Chinese.
I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.
用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见”，could比can的语气更委婉、客气。
Could you tell me something about your school?
表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
He can’t be at home.He has gone to Japan.
can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，be able to可以用于各种时态。
He can spell these words.
He has been able to draw pictures already.
must
表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定形式为mustn’t，意思是“不应该，不允许”，表示警告。
You must be careful next time.
You mustn’t take photos here.
表示推测，意为“必定”。
He must be in the room.
表示说话人的主观看法。
I must go home now.
must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must，have to；否定回答时用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must I finish the homework today?
—No,you needn’t/you don’t have to.
need　
表示“需要”，多用于否定句。
He needn’t worry about it.
作实义动词，后接动词不定式。
I’m very tired and I need to have a rest.
六、短语动词
1) 不及物动词 + 副词
这类短语动词后边不跟宾语。
The smell of gas has gone away. 煤气味已经消失了。
Where did you grow up? 你是在哪儿长大的?
2) 不及物动词 + 介词
这类短语动词后可以跟宾语。
I won't stand for any more of your rudeness. 我再也不能忍受你的无理。
Different circumstances call for different tactics. 不同的情况需要不同的策略。
这类短语动词可有被动语态，如:
The procedures should be abided by. 应当遵循程序。
The subject may be dealt with under four headings. 这个问题可以分四个标题加以论述。
3) 及物动词 + 副词
这类短语动词后可以跟宾语，而且副词常可以移到宾语的后边。
We finally decided to give up our plan. 我们最后决定放弃我们的计划。
They still cannot rule out the possibility of earthquake. 他们仍然无法排除地震的可能。
Be sure to turn the lights off before you leave. 请你在离开前务必关灯。
这类短语动词可有被动语态，如
It should be pointed out that this approach has some shortcomings. 需要指出这种方法有一些缺点。
4) 不及物动词 + 副词 + 介词
You should watch out for zebra crossings when driving. 开车的时候要留意斑马线。
We can’t catch up with the developed countries without educational reform.
不进行教育体制的改革，我们就无法赶上那些发达国家.
5) 动词 + 名词 + 介词
整个短语用法上相当于及物动词，如:
attach importance to 重视
get rid of 摆脱
keep pace with 跟上
take part in 参加, 参与
6) 动词 + 介词 + 名词
整个短语用法上相当于不及物动词，如：
coming into being 生效　
come to light 为人所知, 被披露
7) 动词 + 宾语 + 介词 + 名词，如:
keep ... in mind 记住……
take ... into account 考虑……，重视……
8) 动词 + 名词
整个短语用法上相当于不及物动词，如:
take place发生
take effect 起作用, 见效
make sense讲得通，有道理
take turns 轮流
七、常见易混动词（短语）辨析
1.arrive in / at , get to 与 reach
三者均可表示“到达”，arrive为不及物动词，可单独用，也可加地点，小地点用at，大地点用in。get to后要加地点，在口语中用得较多；reach是及物动词，不可单独使用，后直接加地点。另外reach还可表示“到达（一个数字）”或“伸手去够……”等意思。
We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站晚了五分钟。
They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。
How can I get to the post office? 我怎样才能到达邮局。
They reached the top of the mountains. 他们到达了山顶。
2.attend , join , join in 与 take part in
以上词（词组）均有“参加”之意。attend主要指“出席，参加”某一活动，强调出席者在其中“听”或“看”。如：
Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗？ She didn’t attend the wedding. 她没出席婚礼。
join , join in和take part in也可指“参加”某一活动，三者不强调在其中“看”或“听”，而是强调在其中积极工作。如：
Come along and join（in）the ball game. 过来和我们一块儿打球。
He didn’t take part in the sports meeting. 他没参加运动会。
另外，join还可指“参加”某一团体或组织，成为其中的一员。也可指“来或去和某人在一起”，“加入某人”。如：
He joined the army three years ago. 他三年前参军。May I join you? 我和你们一起去好吗？
join sb. in意为“参加某人的某项活动。”如：
Let’s go and join them in the game. 我们去和他们一起做游戏吧。
3.beat 与 win
两个词均有“打败，赢得”之意。win作及物和不及物动词均可。作及物动词时，常译为“赢得”，其后的宾语不能是人，通常为比赛、辩论、战争、奖品、钱或表示尊重或崇拜之类意义的词。如：
Who won? 谁赢了？He won the race. 他在比赛中获得了第一名。
The Swede won the admiration of the soldiers by fighting bravely.
那瑞典人作战英勇，赢得了士兵的崇敬。
beat后面的宾语只能是指人的名词，通常用于比赛，指“击败（对手）”。如：
We beat their team by 10 points. 我们领先十分击败他们队。
另外，beat还有“（连续不断地或有规律地）打，击；（用打的方式）惩罚”等。如：
I’m sorry to say he beats his wife. 我很遗憾地说他常打妻子。
The heart beats. 心脏总是在有规律地搏动。
4. begin 与 start
二者在表示“开始”时意思基本相同，start还可表示“发动（电机等）”“出发，动身”等意思。而begin则无此用法。如：
It is difficult to start the car in such cold weather. 在这么冷的天发动车是困难的。
Let’s start early tomorrow morning. 明早晨我们早点出发吧！
5.be made of , be made from , be made into 与 be made up of
be made of与be made from均意为“由……制成”，区别在于be made of可以看出原材料，而be made from则看不出原材料。如：
The bridge is made of steel. 这座桥是钢材建成的。
The soil is made from the dead leaves above. 土壤是由上面的落叶腐烂而成的。
be made into“被制成……”，其主动形式为make…into…（把……制成……）如：
We can make glass into bottles. 我们可以把玻璃制成为瓶子。
be made up of 意思是“由……组成”。表示某东西或某组织由一个个成分组成，后常跟可数名词。其主动形式为make up（组成）。如：
The medical team was made up of ten doctors. 那个医疗队由十个医生组成。
The developing countries make up the Third World. 发展中国家组成了第三世界。
6.be used for , be used to do 与 used to do
be used for和be used to do均可表示“（某物）被用作…”的意思。但be used for后跟名词（代词）或动名词，而be used to后跟动词原形。如：
This kind of bamboo can be used for water pipes. 这种竹子可用作水管。
A knife can be used for cutting bread. 或A knife can be used to cut bread. 刀可用来切面包。
另外，be used to+名词还可表示“习惯于”，此时be可换用get。如：
I have got used to the life here. 我已经习惯了这儿的生活了。
used to do表示“过去常常”。如：He used to smoke a lot. 他以前吸烟吸得很凶。
7.borrow, lend与keep
两词均可译为“借”，但borrow表示“借入”，lend表示“借出”。如：
Can I borrow your bike? 我可借你的车吗？（对“我”是“借入”）
Can you lend me your bike? 你可以借我你的车吗？（对于“你”为“借出”）
borrow常用borrow sth. from sb.；lend常用lend sth. to sb.
keep“保存”用来表示借一段时间。如：
How long have you kept my dictionary, eh? For more than two months! (呃,我的字典你借了多久了？两个多月了！)
8.bring , carry 与 take
四个词都有“拿、带”之意。bring意为“拿来、带来”。它指从别的地方把人或物带到说话人所在的地方来，可指具体的物，也可用引申意义。例如：
Bring me the book. 把那本书给我拿来。
The soldier’s brave deeds brought him honour and glory. 那位士兵的勇敢行为为他带来了荣誉。
take则表示“拿走”，常用在take away的短语中，如：
Don’t forget to take your bag with you. 别忘了把你的书包随身带走。
We usually take the children to school in the car. 我们通常用小车送孩子们上学。
The books in the reading room can’t be taken away. 阅览室里的书不能拿走。
carry表示“带”时，有“随身携带”的意思，常指用手拿、用肩扛等方式没有明确的方位，可以是拿来、拿去，搬来、扛去等。例如：
He carried the child on his back. 他背上背着孩子。
Why do you carry an umbrella on such a fine day? 天气这样好，你拿伞干什么？
9.watch , look 与 see
三个动词都表示“看”.watch指非常仔细，有目的地“观看/ 注视”，如看电视，比赛等。see 主要强调“看” 的能力和结果，指“ 看到，看见”。look 做不及物动词，单独使用，表示“看”，以引起别人的注意，若后面接宾语时，应该用look at 短语。如:
It’s time to watch TV. 该看电视了。What can you see in the picture? 你在图片中看到了什么？
Look！There is a bird in the tree. 看， 树上有一只鸟。 Look at the blackboard. 看黑板
10.go to bed , get to sleep , go to sleep , fall asleep 与 sleep
go to bed 意为“去睡觉” 不说明睡着没有；get to sleep 意为“入睡，设法入睡”常用于指想睡着而无法入睡的情况。go to sleep 意为“睡着” 一般含有不知不觉入睡之意，它与fall asleep 意义相同。sleep 意为“睡着”，常用作不及物动词和名词，指睡觉的全过程，用于进行时态中表示“正在睡觉”。 如：It's time to go to bed. 该去睡觉了.
Last night he went to bed early, and soon went to sleep /fall asleep. 昨天他早早地上床睡觉， 而且很快就睡着了.
He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡. The baby sleeps well. 这个孩子睡得很好.
11.lay（放）, lie（躺）与 lie（说谎）
lay既是表示“放置，产卵”意义的动词原形，又是表示“躺，位于”意义的动词过去式；lie既有“躺，位于”的意思，还可以指“说谎”。
这三个易混动词的各种形式见下表：
中 文
原 形
过 去 式
过去分词
现在分词
说 明
放
lay
laid
laid
laying
及物动词
躺
lie
lay
lain
lying
不及物动词
说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
不及物动词
The hens don’t lay during this cold weather.在这样的冷天里母鸡不下蛋。 He is lying.他在撒谎。
The book is lying on the table.书放在桌上。 China lies in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲的东部。
12.rise和raise
rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。
If you want to ask a question, first raise your hand. (如果你要问问题，请先举手）。
At the banquet, we all raised our glasses and drank to each other's health. (宴会上，我们都举杯互祝健康）
She rose from her seat to welcome him. (她站起来欢迎他）
I have to rise early tomorrow morning. (我明天必须早起）。
13.sit与seat
seat为及物动词时是作状态讲，sit为不及物动词，只表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated，或用seat oneself。如：
They were seated at their desks. I seated myself in the armchair.
When the speaker found all the guests seated, he began his speech.
He seated himself at a desk.= He was sitting at a desk. 他坐在桌旁。
14.cost, spend与take
英文中表示“花费”有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。
（1）spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：
① spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。如：
I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
② spend time／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。如：
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
spend money for sth. 花钱买……。如：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
（2） cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：
① sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。如：
A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
② (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。如：
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost, 并且不能用于被动句。
（3）take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：
① It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。如：
It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
② doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。如：
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
15.speak, say, talk 与tell
（1）speak的意思是“说话”，作不及物动词时，通常指说话的能力和方式；作及物动词时，其后的宾语为某种语言。speak to sb.表示“同某人说话”。
Would you like to speak at the meeting? 你要在会上发言吗？
Bob speaks Chinese quite well. 鲍勃汉语说得相当好。
May I speak to Mr. Green? 我可以同格林先生通话吗？
（2）talk的意思是“谈话，谈论”，指相互之间的谈话，一般用作不及物动词，与介词to或with连用，表示“与……交谈”。而谈及关于某人或某事时，后接介词of或about.
They are talking on the phone. 他们正在电话中交谈。
My mother is talking with my teacher. 我妈妈正在和我的老师谈话。　
We talked about this problem for hours. 我们就这个问题谈了好几个小时。
（3）say意为“说出”“说过”，强调说话的内容，也可与to连用，say to sb.意为“对某人说”。
He often says“hello”to me with a smile. 他常笑着向我问好。
He says to me,“I like my hometown.”他对我说：“我喜欢我的家乡。”
（4）tell意为“讲述”“告诉”，作及物动词时，指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，有连续诉说之意。如：tell the truth说实话，tell a story讲故事。tell也可接双宾语结构或复合宾语结构。如tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事；tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事；tell sb.（not）to do sth.告诉某人（不要）去做某事。
－What did your mother tell you just now? 刚才你妈妈告诉你什么了？
－She told me not to ride a bike quickly. It's too dangerous. 她告诉我不要快骑自行车，那太危险了。
Please tell me something about yourself.请告诉我关于你自己的一些事情。
16.leave 与 forget
forget sth. 忘记带某物; leave 忘记把某物丢在某地
I’m sorry, I forgot my pen. Can I use your pen?
I’m sorry, I left my cell phone in the car. May I use your phone?
17.discover, invent, find与find out
（1）invent意为“发明”，指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明／创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。
Who invented the telephone？ 是谁发明电话的？
（2）find意为“找到、发现”，指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西，着重指找到的结果。
We've found oil under the South Sea．我们已在南海发现了石油。
（3）discover意为“发现”， 表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误，即指发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物，也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性质或用途。
Columbus discovered America in1492． 哥伦布1492年发现了美洲。
（4）find out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。
We must find out the truth of the matter. 我们必须查明事实真相。
18.find, found与founded
find意为“发现、找到”，为动词原形。found既是不规则动词find的过去式和过去分词，本身又是一个动词原形，意为“建立、成立、创办”。如：
He has already found his watch． 他已经找到了手表。
founded为动词found的过去式和过去分词。如：
The school was founded ten years ago． 这所学校是十年前创办的。
19.wear, have on, put on, dress与（be）in
（1）wear主要用于穿衣服、戴眼镜（手套、首饰、帽）等，以强调“穿（戴）着”的状态。如：
Mr Wu always wears a blue coat in winter． 吴老师冬天总是穿着一件蓝色大衣。
（2）have on作“穿（戴）着”解，同wear一样，也表状态，但不用于进行时态。如：
Xiao Wang has on a white shirt today．小王今天穿着一件白衬衫。
（3）put on着重强调“穿（戴）上”的动作。如：
I like to put on my hat when I go out in winter． 冬天，我喜欢外出时戴上帽子。
（4）dress既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，所接宾语是人而不是衣、帽等物。如：
Her mother is dressing her． 她母亲正在给她穿衣服。
The nurses are dressed in white． 护士穿着白衣服。
（5）“（be）in＋颜色或服装、眼镜等”也表示“穿着”的状态，在句中作表语或定语。如：
He is in uniform today． 他今天穿着制服。
20.hear, hear of, hear from与learn
hear“听说”, 后面可以跟名词、代词、从句表示听见的内容, hear of“听说”,后面跟人, 指对某人有耳闻但没有见过面；hear from“收到……的来信”, 后面加人；learn“听说、得知”, 后面跟从句,含义与hear相似。如：
I hear Mr Green is coming to see us tonight. (我听说格林先生今晚要来看望我们)
Have you ever heard of the man who once went to the Himalaya Mountains? (你是否听说过那个去过喜马拉雅山的人？)
How often do you hear from your father? (隔多久你收到你父亲的信？)
He learned the musician himself was in town. (他听说音乐家本人就在城里)

考点一：动词词义辨析
例1．Effective measures should be taken to ________ endangered animals to ensure that more species don’t become extinct.
A．advocate B．reserve
C．accumulate D．preserve
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：应该采取有效措施保护濒危动物，以确保更多的物种不会灭绝。A. advocate v. 拥护；B. reserve v. 保留；C. accumulate v. 积累，积聚；D. preserve v. 保护。结合句意可知，此处是指保护濒危动物。故选D。
考点二：“动词+副词”短语辨析
例2．China is working hard to ________the full potential of higher education and will move faster to build world-class universities.
A．take in B．set aside C．bring out D．give away
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力，加快建设世界一流大学。A. take in吸收；B. set aside搁置；C. bring out使显现，使特点或品质更加突出；D. give away赠送。根据后文“the full potential of higher education”可知，此处指中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力，故选C。
考点三：“动词+介词+名词”短语辨析
例3．The lake has been there for many years. No one knows exactly how and when it ________.
A．came into power B．came into being C．came into view D．came into fashion
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个湖在那里已经很多年了。没有人确切知道它是如何以及何时产生的。A. came into power掌权；B. came into being形成，存在；C. came into view进入视野；D. came into fashion流行起来。根据句意可知，此处是指没人确切知道湖是如何以及何时形成的。故选B。
考点四：“动词+介词”短语辨析
例4．—Peter can’t concentrate on his work recently.
—Yes, that might________ why he made a big mistake in preparing for the meeting.
A．allow for B．apply for C．account for D．call for
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：——彼得最近不能专注于他的工作。——是的，这也许可以解释为什么他在准备会议时犯了一个大错误。A. allow for考虑到；B. apply for申请；C. account for是……的说明；D. call for要求。分析句子结构可知，此空位于情态动词之后，所以使用动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示“是……的解释”应为account for符合句意。故选C项。
考点五：情态动词用法辨析
例5．—Tony, is that Mr. Black over there?
—I knew that he had gone to England. It be him.
A. might B. could C. can’t D. must
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析。 might “可能”，表示不太肯定的推测；could “可以”，表示建议；can’t “不可能”，表示否定的推测；must“一定，肯定”，表示肯定的推测。由“I knew that he had gone to England.”可知，布莱克先生已经去了英国，所以不可能是他。情态动词的否定推测应用 can’t。句意：——托尼，那是布莱克先生吗?——我知道他已经去了英国。不可能是他。故答案选 C。
考点六：系动词的用法
例6． —Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice.
—Aha, me too!
A.tastes B. feels C. looks D. smells
【答案】C
【解析】考查系动词用法。根据前一句提示“我的一些朋友喜欢靠视觉吃饭”可知，此处指他们喜欢点那些“看起来”好看的食物。


1．If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.
A．highlight B．identify C．ignore D．prevent
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调；B. identify辨认；识别；C. ignore忽视；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。
2．Some parents are just too protective. They want to________ their kids from every kind of damage, real or imagined.
A．spot B．dismiss C．shelter D．distinguish
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些父母太过保护孩子了。他们想保护自己的孩子免受各种伤害，不管是真实的还是想象的。A. spot发现；B. dismiss解散；C. shelter保护；D. distinguish区别。根据后文“their kids from every kind of damage, real or imagined”指保护孩子免受伤害，应用shelter。故选C。
3．Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years.
A．stayed B．turned C．grown D．got
【答案】A
【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。
4．I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A．made up for B．run out of
C．kept away from D．got down to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
5．As the story________, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A．begins B．happens C．ends D．develops
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意："随着故事的发展，这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被发现了。begin“开始；happen“发生”；end“结束”；develop“发展”。由后面题干中的“is slowly discoverd”得出该单词应该是一个延续性的动词，而ABC选项均为非延续性动词。故选D。
6．If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
A．come across B．care about C．look for D．focus upon
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让店员降价。come across 发现，碰到；care about 在乎，关心；look for 寻找；focus upon 集中注意力于。根据句意可知，发现了瑕疵，但仍旧想买这两自行车，可以请店员降价。故正确答案为A项。
7．Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。
8．Before leaving America, she _____ much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the piece they had liked.
A．picked up B．gave away C．put down D．set aside
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在离开美国之前，她把大部分家具都送给了朋友，并乐意让她们挑选自己喜欢的那件。A.picked up 捡起;B.gave away 赠送;C.put down 放下D.set aside置……于不顾。根据句意，离开美国之前，她把家具“赠送”给朋友。故选B。
9．We can't _______buying a new car any longer. The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning．
A．put off B．pick up C．count on D．bear on
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不能再推迟买新车了。我们现有的这辆今天早晨就打不着火。A.put off推迟；B. pick up捡起；C. count on指望；D. bear on对……施加压力，使难以承受。根据下文The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning 可知，我们现有的这辆车今天早晨就打不着火，所以不能再“推迟”买新车了。故选A项。
10．The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
A．developed B．established
C．observed D．revised
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的辨析及语境理解。句意：老的规则需要被修改因为它们只适合一百年前制定时的状况。A项表示“培养，发展”；B项表示“建立”；C项表示“观察”；D项正是“修改”之意，because they only applied to 可知它只适用于以前，不适用于现在，需要修订，故选D。

11．As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can ______concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A．catch sight of B．get hold of
C．take charge of D．make mention of
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。A.catch sight of 看见；B. Get hold of找到某物以供使用；C.Take charge of控制；D.make mention of提到。根据takes every opportunity to improve herself.可知，，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。故选B。
12．---- Sorry, I have to ______ now. It’s time for class.
---- OK, I’ll call back later.
A．hang up B．break up C．give up D．hold up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：—对不起，我不得不挂断电话了，上课的时间到了。—好的，我晚些时候再打过来。 A.hang up挂断电话，使…等候；B.break up分解，关系破裂；C .give up放弃；D. hold up举起，坚持，抢劫。根据句意可知前者表示要上课了，必须挂断电话了。故A正确。
13．(2017·天津)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter ___________, get married, and have kids.
A．settle down B．keep off
C．get up D．cut in
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. settle down安顿下来；B. keep off远离；C. get up起床；D. cut in插嘴。根据后文get married, and have kids可推知，是安顿下来，故选A。
14．Briggs will ________ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A．get away B．take over
C．set off D．run out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当米切尔退休的时候，布里格斯将接管总经理的位置。when Mitchell retires 这是时间状语从句，不能用将来时，而用一般现在时来代替；A. get away离开； B. take over接管；C. set off出发；D. run out用完，耗尽。根据句意，故选B。
15．There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A．clarify B．justify C．satisfy D．classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
16．I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on
C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。
17．We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A．take up B．carry out C．keep on D．put off
【答案】D
【解析】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据； B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
18．We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood    理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
19．The company is willing to ______________ the new technology if it can be shown to reduce production costs.
A．look over B．bring in C．put aside D．knock out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果能够证明新技术能降低生产成本，公司愿意引进。A. look over检查，察看；B. bring in引进；C. put aside把……放在一边，暂不考虑；D. knock out击倒，打破。根据“if it can be shown to reduce production costs.”可知，此处指公司引进新技术，故选B。
20．When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information.
A．point to B．turn to C．attend to D．belong to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当人们想要扩展他们的知识时，他们通常求助于提供有用信息的书籍。A. point to指向；B. turn to求助于；C. attend to照顾；D. belong to属于。由“When people want to expand their knowledge, offer useful information.”可知，turn to“求助于”符合句意。故选B项。
21．It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good map before you set out.
A．study B．display C．deliver D．publish
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在一个陌生的城市开车时很容易迷路，所以在出发前仔细看一张好地图是很重要的。A. study 细看；B. display展示；C. deliver 投递；D. publish出版。由“It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city，before you set out”可知，study“细看”符合句意。故选A项。
22．A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ man’s intelligence and creativity.
A．resembling B．reflecting C．reviewing D．restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。A. resembling像；B. reflecting反映；C. reviewing回顾；D. restoring恢复。故选B符合语境。
23．More wind power stations will ________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A．take up B．clear up C．hold up D．spring up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：为了满足对清洁能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将会被建立起来。A. take up开始从事，占领，开始干（工作）；B. clear up整理，收拾，解决（问题）；C. hold up（论点、理论等）站得住脚，阻挡，举起；D. spring up出现，涌现。故选D。
24．Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what he was saying.
A．set aside B．take back
C．make out D．keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。A. set aside存储，留出；B. take back收回，拿回；C. make out辨认出，理解，了解；D. keep off（使）避开。根据but可推知，凯特应该是听不清。故选C。
25．Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor.
A．held out B．brought out
C．picked out D．given out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：与非洲的医疗团队合作，使她成为最佳医生。A. held out坚持，伸出；B. brought out使显示；C. picked out挑出；D. given out分发，用尽。故选B项。
26．【2018·江苏】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A．calls for B．calls on
C．calls off D．calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。
27．【2018·江苏】Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A．indicate B．investigate
C．imitate D．innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。
28．【2018·天津】It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A．display B．acquire
C．teach D．test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。
29．(2018·天津) At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _______ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A．gave in B．dressed up
C．broke in D．turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
30．I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.
A．carry on B．break into
C．turn down D．cut off
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.carry on进行；B.break into破门而入；C.turn down拒绝，声音调低；D.cut off切断。根据前文说我太忙了，所以可知是不能进行通话，too...to...，意为“太……而不能……”，故选A。


第一组（动词辨析）
仔细阅读下面句子，选择一个最佳答案。
1．Traditional tea roasting is a delicate technique that involves using hands to ________the temperature in the pan.
A．consult B．assess C．require D．seek
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：传统的烤茶是一种精细的技术，需要用手来评估锅中的温度。A. consult咨询；B. assess评估；C. require需要；D. seek寻找。根据下文“the temperature in the pan (锅中的温度)”可知，传统的烤茶需要用手来评估锅中的温度，空白处应填表示“评估”含义的动词，故选B项。
2．Effective measures should be taken to ________ endangered animals to ensure that more species don’t become extinct.
A．advocate B．reserve C．accumulate D．preserve
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：应该采取有效措施保护濒危动物，以确保更多的物种不会灭绝。A. advocate v. 拥护；B. reserve v. 保留；C. accumulate v. 积累，积聚；D. preserve v. 保护。结合句意可知，此处是指保护濒危动物。故选D。
3．Major depression requires medical treatment, but physical activity, especially those done outdoors, can help ________ symptoms.
A．ease B．limit C．strike D．process
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：重度抑郁症需要药物治疗，但体育活动，尤其是户外活动，可以帮助缓解症状。A. ease缓解；B. limit限制；C. strike罢工；D. process处理。根据上文“but physical activity, especially those done outdoors, can help”指户外活动可以缓解抑郁症的症状。故选A。
4．We do not need to wait in line for hours for a ticket because we can use the website or hotline to tickets and then pick them up at railway stations or ticket agencies.
A．release B．relieve C．reserve D．review
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不需要排几个小时的队买票，因为我们可以使用网站或热线预订车票，然后在火车站或售票处取票。A. release释放；B. relieve缓解；C. reserve预订；D. review回顾。根据后文“tickets and then pick them up at railway stations or ticket agencies”可知，此处指可以使用网站或热线预订车票，然后在火车站或售票处取票。故选C。
5．The earliest way of traveling was undoubtedly by foot, and humans’ earliest means of goods was carrying loads on their back or head.
A．innovating B．transporting C．producing D．measuring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，最早的旅行方式是步行，人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或头上负重。A. innovating改革；B. transporting运输；    C. producing生产；D.  measuring测量。根据后文“goods was carrying loads on their back or head”可知是在说明人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或头上负重。故选B。
6．In contrast to Barbie’s fantasy figure and fashionable high heels, these dolls are ________ on girls from historical eras and come with storybooks about themselves.
A．modeled B．synthesized C．popularized D．imposed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与芭比娃娃的幻想身材和时尚的高跟鞋形成鲜明对比的是，这些娃娃以历史时代的女孩为蓝本，并配有关于自己的故事书。A. modeled建模；模仿；B. synthesized合成；C. popularized普及；D. imposed强加。固定短语be modeled on表示“以……为模型”，符合语境，故选A项。
7．It is the government’s responsibility to _______that consumers are getting their energy at a fair and affordable price.
A．confirm B．ensure C．urge D．assume
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：确保消费者以公平和可承受的价格获得能源是政府的责任。A. confirm确认；B. ensure确保；C. urge敦促；D. assume假设。由“consumers are getting their energy at a fair and affordable price”可知，句子表示“确保消费者以公平和可承受的价格获得能源是政府的责任”，空格处意为“确保”，故选B。
8．Though he didn’t agree with us at first, we soon ________him to our way of thinking.
A．converted B．transferred C．modified D．exchanged
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然他一开始不同意我们的意见，但我们很快就使他向我们的思维方式转变。A. converted转变；改变（观点、习惯、信仰等）；B. transferred使转移；C. modified改进；D. exchanged交换。根据下文“him to our way of thinking”可知，此处表示转变思维方式，故选A。
9．At the end of the experiment, the effect of the drug will be ______ for further research.
A．recalled B．assessed C．polished D．boosted
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在实验结束时，将对药物的效果进行评估，以供进一步研究。A. recalled回想起；B. assessed评估；C. polished抛光；D. boosted促进。根据前后文“the effect of the drug will be ______ for further research”指将对药物的效果进行评估，以供进一步研究，应用assess，为一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。
10．Mr. Chang always tries to answer all questions from his students. He will not ________ any of them even if they may sound stupid.
A．settle B．gossip C．ignore D．command
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：张老师总是尽力回答学生的所有问题。他不会忽视它们中的任何一个，即使它们听起来很愚蠢。A. settle解决；B. gossip聊天，闲聊；C. ignore忽略；D. command命令。根据“even if they may sound stupid.”可知，即使学生问的问题听起来很愚蠢，但张老师不会忽视任何一个问题。故选C。
11．How can you step into the lab with your shoes on? You are ______ to take them off before you enter it.
A．expected B．supposed C．allowed D．permitted
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析、固定短语。句意：你怎么能穿鞋走进实验室？你应该在进入之前把它们脱下来。A. expected期待；B. supposed猜想；C. allowed允许；D. permitted准许。分析句子结构，be supposed to do为固定短语，含义为：应该……，与句子表达的含义一致，故选B项。
12．The painting ________ a geometric grid of crossing yellow, red and blue lines atop a white canvas background where near the bottom, the lines begin to noticeably thicken-being similar to an abstract skyline.
A．unveils B．illuminates C．abandons D．features
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这幅画的特点是在白色画布背景上交叉黄、红、蓝线的几何网格，在接近底部的地方，线条开始明显变粗——类似于抽象的天际线。A. unveils揭开；B. illuminates照明；C. abandons抛弃；D. features以……为特色。后文“a geometric grid of crossing yellow, red and blue lines atop a white canvas background where near the bottom, the lines begin to noticeably thicken-being similar to an abstract skyline”主要是在说明画的特点。故选D。
13．Each class in third grade or above is________a piece of land to plant seasonal vegetables or raise livestock, which will became ingredients for their daily meals.
A．represented B．endured C．allocated D．preserved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三年级以上的每个班都分配了一块土地，种植时令蔬菜或饲养牲畜，这些土地将成为他们日常用餐的食材。A. represented代表；B. endured忍受；C. allocated分派；D. preserved保留。根据后文“a piece of land to plant seasonal vegetables or raise livestock”指分配了一块土地，种植时令蔬菜或饲养牲畜，故选C。
14．One of the first steps in dealing with emotions such as anger or fear is to ________ them as normal and human.
A．imagine B．applaud C．acknowledge D．dismiss
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：应对愤怒或恐惧等情绪的第一步是承认它们是正常的、符合人性的。A. imagine想象；B. applaud鼓掌，称赞；C. acknowledge承认；D. dismiss不予考虑。结合句意可知，此处指“承认它们是正常的、符合人性的”，acknowledge...as...承认……是……，固定搭配，故选C。
15．In order to go green, we wanted to ________ the use of plastic bags.
A．adopt B．remove C．reduce D．target
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了环保，我们想减少塑料袋的使用。A. adopt收养，采取；B. remove移开，除去；C. reduce减少，降低；D. target把……作为攻击目标。根据句意，设空处应用动词reduce，减少塑料袋的使用以达到环保的效果，此处以动词不定式的形式作谓语动词wanted的宾语。故选C项。
16．We will ________ restoration and reconstruction of the area after the disaster, including transportation, communications and water supply.
A．accommodate B．accumulate C．accelerate D．accustom
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们将加快灾后恢复重建，包括交通、通信和供水。A. accommodate为……提供住宿；B. accumulate积累；C. accelerate加快；D. accustom使习惯于。由“restoration and reconstruction of the area after the disaster”可知，句子表示“我们将加快灾后恢复重建”，空格处意为“加快”，故选C。
17．She sat by the window, ________her years of hard and rewarding work as a doctor.
A．preserving B．recalling C．liberating D．acclaiming
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她坐在窗边，回忆着她多年来辛勤而有回报的医生工作。A. preserving保护；B. recalling回忆；C. liberating解放；D. acclaiming 欢呼；喝采。根据“She sat by the window,”可知，她坐在窗边回忆事情。故选B。
18．Usually, I feel exhausted after a tiring day so when I get home I like to________ on the sofa and listen to music.
A．collapse B．breathe C．embrace D．bend
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，在劳累了一天后，我会感到筋疲力尽，所以当我回到家时，我喜欢瘫坐在沙发上听音乐。A. collapse躺下放松；B. breathe呼吸；C. embrace拥抱；D. bend弯曲。根据上文“I feel exhausted after a tiring day”可知，此处指躺在沙发上听音乐放松。故选A。
19．In order to get convincing evidence, researchers have ________the genes of more than 200 breast cancer patients in Chicago.
A．analysed B．associated C．attained D．acknowledged
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了获得令人信服的证据，研究人员分析了芝加哥200多名乳腺癌患者的基因。A. analysed分析；B. associated联想；C. attained实现；D. acknowledged承认。根据“In order to get convincing evidence,”可知，为了获得证据，研究人员分析了乳腺癌患者的基因。故选A、
20．It is a must for speech makers to ________what he will present prior to the presentation.
A．overlook B．overcome C．pretend D．polish
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对讲演者来说，在演讲前润色他要讲的内容是必须的。A. overlook俯瞰；忽视；B. overcome克服；C. pretend假装；D. polish润饰。根据“what he will present prior to the presentation.”可知，演讲前演讲稿需要润色。故选D。
21．What we need to do is to find a way to ________and express what we feel appropriately when we are upset.
A．assess B．advocate C．acknowledge D．anticipate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要做的是找到一种方式来承认并适当地表达当我们心烦意乱时我们的感受。A. assess评估；B. advocate提倡；主张；C. acknowledge承认；D. anticipate预期。根据“what we feel appropriately when we are upset.”可知，需要找到一种方式来承认并适当地表达当我们心烦意乱时我们的感受。故选C。
22．Both moral virtue and intellectual virtue are worthwhile human pursuits, but some scholars _________ the former as a universal need for a healthy civilization.
A．advance B．empathize C．elevate D．approve
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：道德美德和智力美德都是值得人类追求的，但一些学者将前者提升为健康文明的普遍需求。A. advance（使）前进；B. empathize强调；C. elevate提升；D. approve同意。根据“Both…and…”可知，前面是将两种美德放在同样的高度上，but形成语义的转折，表明这两种美德之间存在高度上的差异，道德美德上升到更为重要的层面上，elevate“提升”更符合句意。故选C项。
23．All human cultures have their rituals and their diversity can cause clashes between peoples, particularly when the valued rituals of one culture another as strange.
A．note B．concern C．fancy D．strike
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的人类文化都有自己的仪式，它们的多样性可能导致民族之间的冲突，特别是当一种文化的重要仪式对另一种文化感到奇怪时。A. note留意，注意；B. concern使忧虑，使担心；C. fancy喜欢，想要；D. strike给人……印象。由“All human cultures have their rituals and their diversity can cause clashes between peoples”可知，句子表示“所有的人类文化都有自己的仪式，它们的多样性可能导致民族之间的冲突，特别是当一种文化的重要仪式对另一种文化感到奇怪时”，空格处意为“给人……印象”，strike sb as意为“给某人以……印象，使某人感到”，故选D。
24．The enemy had bombed the city for three days, but fortunately the old castle the bombing raid.
A．outlived B．escaped C．survived D．preserved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：敌人轰炸了这座城市三天，但幸运的是，这座古堡在轰炸中幸存了下来。A. outlived比……活得长；B. escaped逃脱；C. survived幸存；D. preserved保护。根据句意可知，此处为动词survived“幸存”，满足句意要求。故选C项。
25．The trick of acquiring excellent grades, now, is to hold as much willing as you need and to ______ the desire of laziness.
A．consist B．persist C．assist D．resist
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，获得好成绩的诀窍就是尽可能多地坚持自己的意愿，并抵制懒惰的欲望。A. consist在于；由……组成；B. persist坚持；C. assist帮助；援助；D. resist抵制。根据句意，“懒惰要抵制”，故选D。
26．Colors like green can ________ a sense of life and quietness to people.
A．acquire B．remark C．investigate D．convey
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：像绿色这样的颜色可以给人一种充满生机和安静的感觉。A. acquire获得；B. remark评论；C. investigate调查；D. convey传达。根据“a sense of life and quietness to people”可推知，这种给人的感觉是绿色一类的颜色传达给人们的，即convey。故选D。
27．After years of being homeless, the dog was finally ______ by a loving family.
A．affected B．adopted C．admitted D．attracted
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：流浪多年后，这只狗终于被一个充满爱心的家庭领养了。A. affected影响；B. adopted领养；C. admitted承认；D. attracted吸引。根据“by a loving family”可知，此处指流浪狗被一个有爱心的家庭领养了，故选B。
28．A new device works like a solar panel, except that it doesn’t ______ energy from the sun.
A．consume B．harvest C．conserve D．generate
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种新设备的工作原理类似于太阳能电池板，只是它不从太阳中获取能量。A. consume消耗；B. harvest收获，获取；C. conserve保护；D. generate生成。根据“like a solar panel”和“energy from the sun.”可知，此处是指不获取太阳能，动词harvest符合题意。故选B。
29．Your boss is the one who writes your evaluations, recommends you for promotions and raises, and ________your future.
A．shapes B．predicts C．engages D．occupies
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你的老板为你写评估，推荐你升职加薪，预测你的未来。A. shapes塑造；B. predicts预测；C. engages从事；D. occupies占据。根据上文“writes your evaluations, recommends you for promotions and raises, and”以及后文“future”可知老板是预测未来的人，故选B。
30．In all regions, women live longer than men. However, social, cultural and economic factors can the natural advantage of women compared to men.
A．challenge B．guarantee C．confirm D．affect
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在所有地区，妇女的寿命都比男子长。然而，社会、文化和经济因素会影响女性相对于男性的天然优势。A. challenge挑战；B. guarantee保证；C. confirm确认；D. affect影响。根据“In all regions, women live longer than men. However, social, cultural and economic factors”可知，社会、文化和经济因素也会影响到寿命。故选D。

第二组（动词短语）
仔细阅读下面句子，选择一个最佳答案。
1．After an argument with local people, some scholars from University of Oxford___________ to found a new university which is now referred to as University of Cambridge.
A．broke away B．broke down C．broke off D．broke in
1．A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：牛津大学的一些学者在与当地人发生争执后，脱离了牛津大学，成立了一所新大学，就是现在的剑桥大学。A. broke away脱离；B. broke down出故障；C. broke off停顿，中断；D. broke in闯入。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据句意，此处表示“脱离”应为break away，结合句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以应使用一般过去时态，与句子主语some scholars之间为主动关系。故选A项。
2．Wow, your efforts have really ______. Your French sounds totally fluent!
A．made up B．paid off C．kept on D．given out
2．B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：哇，你的努力真的得到了回报。你的法语听起来很流利！A. made up组成；B. paid off成功，还清；C. kept on继续；D. given out分发。分析句意可知，后文的“法语很流利”说明努力得到了回报，学习取得了成功。故选B项。
3．China is working hard to________the full potential of higher education and will move faster to build world-class universities.
A．take in B．set aside C．bring out D．give away
3．C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力，加快建设世界一流大学。A. take in吸收；B. set aside搁置；C. bring out使显现，使特点或品质更加突出；D. give away赠送。根据后文“the full potential of higher education”可知，此处指中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力，故选C。
4．Many foreign tourists ____China the first time they pay a visit to this great country.
A．get through B．fall in love with C．try out D．join in
4．B
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：许多外国游客第一次来到这个伟大的国家就爱上了中国。A. get through完成；B. fall in love with爱上；C. try out试验；D. join in参加。根据句意及选项分析可知，fall in love with符合语境。故选B。
5．It’s important to show support for one another as we ________ these difficult times.
A．go through B．go over C．get along with D．set down
5．A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在我们度过难关的时候，互相支持是很重要的。A. go through度过；B. go over检查；复习；C. get along with友好相处；进展；D. set down记下，写下。根据“It’s important to show support for one another”可知，度过难关时互相支持很重要。故选A。
6．There are successful examples of cancer patients who have ____ because of proper treatment.
A．pulled through B．died out C．given up D．got through
6．A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一些成功的癌症患者因为适当的治疗而恢复健康。A. pulled through恢复健康；B. died out灭绝；C. given up放弃；D. got through完成。根据下文“because of proper treatment(因为适当的治疗)”可知，由于有了适当的治疗，可推理出癌症患者从疾病中康复，空白处应填表示“恢复健康”含义的动词短语，故选A项。
7．This is called the hedonic treadmill(快乐水车), in which satisfaction ________almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind.
A．wears off B．shows off C．drops out D．misses out
7．A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这就叫做快乐水车，在这种情况下，满足感会立刻消失，我们必须继续跑向下一个奖励，以避免落后的感觉。根据句意可知，此处意为“消失”。A. wears off磨损，消失；B. shows off炫耀；C. drops out退学，脱离；D. misses out错过，遗漏。故选A。
8．Liu Yu’s parents think running can________his schoolwork.
A．get in the way of B．be proud of
C．fall in love with D．be responsible for
8．A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：刘宇的父母认为跑步会妨碍他的学业。A. get in the way of阻碍；B. be proud of以……为骄傲；C. fall in love with和……相爱；D. be responsible for对……负责。由上文“Liu Yu’s parents think running can”和下文“his schoolwork.”可知，此处指跑步会妨碍他的学业，故选A。
9．_____! The car is coming so fast!
A．Break out B．Turn out
C．Watch out D．Bring out
9．C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当心！车来得很快！A. Break out爆发；B. Turn out结果是，最后是；C. Watch out当心，留神；D. Bring out使显现，出版。根据“The car is coming so fast!”可知，此处是说“小心”，故选C。
10．I’m sorry I broke your vase I’ll_______it.
A．run out of B．make up for C．lose track of D．pass down
10．B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对不起，我打碎了你的花瓶，我会赔偿的。A. run out of用完；B. make up for弥补，补偿；C. lose track of失去联系；D. pass down传递下来。结合句意，因为打碎了花瓶，所以要补偿。故选B项。
11．Cycling in the park, I________my teacher, who was jogging with his wife.
A．met up with B．put up with C．lived up to D．came up with
11．A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在公园里骑自行车时，我遇到了我的老师，他正和妻子一起慢跑。A. met up with偶遇；B. put up with容忍；C. lived up to不辜负；D. came up with追上。根据上文“Cycling in the park(在公园里骑自行车时)”以及下文“who was jogging with his wife(他正和妻子一起慢跑)”可知，我和老师都在公园里运动，是偶然遇见，所以空白处应填表示“偶遇”含义的动词短语。故选A项。
12．Despite the extreme condition, Deng Jiaxian refused to________from his responsibility and kept on conducting scientific research.
A．cut down B．back down C．put down D．turn down
12．B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管情况极端，邓稼先仍拒绝放弃自己的责任，继续进行科学研究。A. cut down砍倒；B. back down放弃；C. put down写下；D. turn down拒绝。根据下文“kept on conducting scientific research(继续进行科学研究)”可知，邓稼先继续进行科学研究，拒绝放弃自己的责任，空白处应填表示“放弃”含义的动词短语，故选B项。
13．The tanker, which was full of petrol, ____ and gave off heavy and dark flames the moment a truck knocked into it.
A．blew up B．put up C．turned up D．brought up
13．A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一辆卡车撞上这辆装满汽油的油罐车，油罐车随即爆炸，冒出了浓黑的火焰。A. blew up爆发，爆炸；B. put up提供，建造，举起；C. turned up出现；D. brought up提出，抚养。根据句意，此处考查动词短语blow up，意为“爆炸”，两车相撞导致油罐车爆炸，故选A项。
14．Everyone in the classroom _________ laughing when they saw the boy-student dress himself like a girl.
A．burst out B．put into C．took off D．got across
14．A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当教室里的每个人看到那个男生把自己打扮得像个女孩时，都大笑起来。A.burst out突然爆发；B.put into投入；C.took off起飞、脱掉；D.got across使理解。短语burst into laughing“突然笑起来”，符合语义逻辑，故选A项。
15．After the bear ran back into the forest, I ________ the shock and found my most magical experience had been captured in a single image.
A．concentrated on B．calmed down C．heard from D．recovered from
15．D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊跑回森林后，我从震惊中恢复过来，发现我最神奇的经历被定格在一张照片中。A. concentrated on集中精力于；B. calmed down镇定下来；C. heard from收到……的信；D. recovered from从……恢复过来。根据句意和空格后的the shock可知，此处是指“从震惊中恢复过来”。故选D项。
16．Many scientists    ________  the idea that it is human beings’ activities that have resulted in global warming.
A．look forward to B．subscribe to C．participate in D．get involved in
16．B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多科学家赞同人类活动导致全球变暖的观点。A. look forward to期待；B. subscribe to同意；C. participate in参加；D. get involved in参加。根据后文“the idea that it is human beings’ activities that have resulted in global warming”指赞同观点，故选B。
17．People with strong immune systems are better able to ________ infection.
A．fight off B．deal with C．make up D．rest on
17．A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：免疫系统强的人能更好地抵抗感染。A.fight off击退；B.deal with处理；C.make up编造；D.rest on依靠。根据“People with strong immune systems”可知，此处是指能更好地抵抗感染。故选A。
18．People believe that the tea leaves picked on the day of Guyu can make eyes clear and ________ bad luck.
A．drive away B．fight against C．break down D．miss out
18．A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们相信，在谷雨那天采摘的茶叶可以使眼睛清澈，赶走厄运。A.drive away赶走；B.fight against对抗；C.break down分解；D.miss out错过。根据“can make eyes clear”可知，此处是指赶走厄运。故选A。
19．Present at the event were around 30 students from 4 schools to ______ a production of Hamlet at the local theatre.
A．put off B．put on C．put out D．put down
19．B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：来自4所学校的约30名学生出席了活动，在当地剧院上演了《哈姆雷特》。A. put off推迟；B. put on上演；C. put out熄灭；D. put down放下。根据空后“a production of Hamlet”可知，此处是指这些学生一起上演了《哈姆雷特》这部戏剧。故选B项。
20．Although we have been friends for years, I still can’t ______ what she really wants.
A．break out B．lay out C．make out D．hand out
20．C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们是多年的朋友，但我仍然搞不清她到底想要什么。A. break out爆发；B. lay out布局；C.make out理解；D.hand out分发。由语意可知，although引导让步状语从句，表示前后句之间语义的转折，表明我和她虽然做了好多年的朋友，我对她的真实想法还是不了解。故选C项。
21．—What do you think of the hospital?
—As far as I know, they have never _________ patients, even if they don’t have money.
A．turned to B．turned out C．turned away D．turned off
21．C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你认为这间医院怎么样？——据我所知，即使病人没有钱，他们也不把他们拒之门外。A. turned to求助于；B. turned out结果是；C. turned away不准进入；D. turned off关闭。根据后文“even if they don’t have money”可知是没有钱，也不把病人拒之门外，turn away不准进入；打发走，符合句意。故选C。
22．The differences in achievement in math between the students are partly ________ by differences in age.
A．counted on B．referred to
C．accounted for D．dealt with
22．C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：学生之间数学成绩的差异部分是由于年龄的差异造成的。A. counted on指望；B. referred to指的是，参考；C. accounted for是……的原因，导致；D. dealt with处理，应对。结合句意可知，此处是指学生数学成绩差异是年龄差异造成的。故选C。
23．Hawaii, however, provides an ideal location to________ the technology at a low price.
A．make out B．give out C．set out D．test out
23．D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，夏威夷提供了一个以较低价格测试这项技术的理想地点。A. make out辨认出；B. give out分发；C. set out出发；D. test out测试。由“the technology”可知，句子表示“夏威夷提供了一个以较低价格测试这项技术的理想地点”，空格处意为“测试”。故选D。
24．Can you ______ my suit from the cleaner’s? You know, I’m busy preparing for my test now.
A．take up B．end up C．pick up D．bring up
24．C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你能帮我从干洗店取回我的套装吗？你知道，我现在正忙着准备考试。A. take up拿起，开始从事，占据（时间，地方）；B. end up最终成为，最后处于；C. pick up取回，捡起，（汽车，飞机）乘载，感染；D. bring up抚养，提出（讨论等），呕吐。根据下文“my suit from the cleaner’s”以及“I’m busy preparing for my test now”可知此句表达的内容是能否帮忙从洗衣店取回套装，pick up符合句意。故选C。
25．China’s first train from Beijing to Tibet was on Saturday carrying business travellers on the world’s highest railway.
A．tried out B．set out
C．worked out D．made out
25．A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：周六，中国首列从北京开往西藏的火车在世界最高的铁路上试运行，载着商务旅客。A. tried out测试；B. set out出发，着手；C. worked out算出，锻炼；D. made out理解，辨认。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处指对火车进行测试，try out符合题意。故选A。
26．He ________a long sigh, mainly of relief, partly of sadness.
A．takes out B．brings out C．figures out D．lets out
26．D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他长叹一声，主要是宽慰，部分是悲伤。A. takes out取出，去掉；B. brings out出版，激发；C. figures out解决，算出；D. lets out放出，泄露。根据句意可知，此处表示“长叹一口气”。故选D项。
27．As a hitch-hiker, I had to ______ to the driver the idea that I was a real traveler, and needed to get somewhere cheaply.
A．get through B．get across C．get over D．get down
27．B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名搭便车的人，我必须让司机明白我是一个真正的旅行者，并且需要廉价到达某个地方。A. get through (设法)处理；B. get across解释清楚；C. get over克服；D. get down下来。根据“the idea that I was a real traveler, and needed to get somewhere cheaply.”可知，我必须让司机明白我是一个真正的旅行者。get sth across (to sb)被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚。故选B项.
28．—Why is Tina in low spirits these days?
—Because her classmates didn’t include her in the volleyball team and she felt ________.
A．left out B．left off C．left behind D．left aside
28．A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——为什么蒂娜这几天情绪低落？——因为她的同学没有把她纳入排球队，她觉得自己被冷落了。A. left out遗漏，被冷落；B. left off停止；C. left behind留下；D. left aside不考虑。结合语意，蒂娜的同学没有把她纳入排球队，所以蒂娜感觉自己被冷落了，空处应用短语leave out，表示“被冷落”，feel left out表示“感觉被冷落”。故选A项。
29．Playing too many games ______ Tom’s lack of sleep and dark circles under his eyes.
A．led to B．turned to C．resulted to D．due to
29．A
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：玩太多游戏导致汤姆睡眠不足和黑眼圈。A. led to导致；B. turned to转向；C. resulted to(错误短语)；D. due to由于。根据句子可知，设空处是句子谓语动词；结合句意，玩太多游戏导致睡眠不足和黑眼圈，用动词短语lead to充当谓语。故选A项。
30．The grown-up’s response was to advise me to ________ my drawings and devote myself to history and grammar.
A．rely on B．switch on C．take over D．lay aside
30．D
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：成人们的反应是建议我放下我的画笔，投身于历史和地理。根据句意可知，此处意为“放下，搁置”，故应用短语lay aside。A. rely on依靠，依赖；B. switch on接通，开启；C. take over接管；D. lay aside放下，搁置。故选D。