【暑假提升】牛津译林版英语五升六暑期讲义-第8讲：阅读理解 专题讲解讲学案

授课时间：

学习目标

学习目标：

1.了解阅读理解常考的几种类型和题型；

2.掌握阅读理解的解题方法。

教学内容

【进门测试】

Ben is going to visit his grandparents in New York next week. He wants to give some presents to them. Yesterday he went shopping with his parents. In the shop, he bought a blue sweater and black trousers for his grandfather and some good books for his grandmother. Both his parents thought they were very good presents. Ben was very happy.

（1）Where are Ben's grandparents?           

A. In London                         B. In New York                         C. In Beijing

（2）What did Ben do yesterday?           

A. He visited his grandparents.
B. He went shopping with his friends.
C. He went shopping with his parents.

（3）How many people went shopping yesterday?           

A. One                                      B. Two                                      C. Three

（4）He bought _____ for his grandmother.           

A. black trousers                    B. some books                    C. blue sweater

（5）When is Ben going to visit his grandparents?           

A. Tomorrow                          B. Next week                          C. Yesterday

答案：B C C B B

【多元导学】

1. 如何用英文表示“剪刀石头布”？
2. 我们用石头剪刀布来决定吧，如何用英文表达？

【互动精讲】

阅读理解

阅读理解是英语中词汇、句式、语法的综合运用，是一个比较综合的题目，对所掌握的英语技能的程度要求比较高；既要重视对英语基础知识的掌握，又要养成阅读的好习惯，加强练习。

【知识梳理1】判断题阅读

在阅读题目的各种形式中，相对而言，判断题的难度最较小，完成判断题的选择题最为有效的方法是用题目中的句子和文章里的原句对照，通过对照进行判断。

【例题精讲】

阅读文章，对的写T，错的写F。

A: Yang Ling, what did you do last Sunday?
B: I visited Liu Tao’s grandparents.
A: Where do they live?
B: They Live in a small town near Nanjing .They have a really nice house. I went there with Su Hai, Su Yang, Gao Shan, Liu Tao and Ben. They were very glad to see us. Liu Tao’s grandpa showed us a lot of stamps from different countries. His grandma cooked us nice lunch. We liked the food very much.
A: What did you do there?
B: In the morning, we cleaned their house. In the afternoon. We worked in their garden. Su Hai and Su Yang watered the trees and flowers. Liu Tao and Gao Shan picked apples. Ben and I planted some trees. We worked for about two hours.
A: Were you tired?
B: No! I like working in the garden. We had a really good time.
A: Great! I’d like to visit them, too.
(  )1.Wang Bing and Yang Ling visited Liu Tao’s grandparents last Sunday.
(  )2.On the farm, Yang Ling planted trees.
(  )3.Liu Tao’s grandma cooked a nice lunch.
(  )4.Yang Ling and Su Hai planted flowers.
(  )5.They worked on the farm for about two hours.

答案：FFTFF

解析：批注：解决此类题目一般要求学生先浏览题目，找出关键词，带着关键词去看文章，将句子与原文进行对比，然后做出判断。这样不但节省时间，提高速度，而且可以抓住重点，做到有的放矢。

1.由对话可知，B是Yang Ling. “ I went there with Su Hai, Su Yang, Gao Shan, Liu Tao and Ben.” Yang Ling是和Su Hai, Su Yang, Gao Shan, Liu Tao, Ben一起去的，并没有和Wang Bing，所以本题是错的。

2.“Ben and I planted some trees”，Yang Ling种树是对的，但是注意此处的地点“We worked in their garden.”是in the garden，而不是题目中所说的on the farm，所以本题是错的。

3.“Liu Tao’s grandpa showed us a lot of stamps from different countries. His grandma cooked us nice lunch.”此处His是指Liu Tao’s，所以本题是对的。

4.“Su Hai and Su Yang watered the trees and flowers.”“Ben and I planted some trees.”并没有提到种花，所以本题是错的。

5.“We worked in their garden” 而不是work on the farm, 不符合题目，是错的。

【巩固练习】

We can see walls everywhere in the world. But the Great Wall of China is the biggest of all. The Chinese call it. “The Ten-thousand-Li Great Wall.” It is in fact more than 6,000 kilometers long. It’s 4 to 5 meters wide. In most places, five horses or ten men can walk side by side.

When you visit the Great Wall, you can’t help wondering how the Chinese people were able to build such a great thousands years ago. Without any modern machine, it was really very difficult to build it. They had to do all the work by hand. It took millions of men hundreds of years to build it.

The Great Wall had a history of over two thousand years. The kings began to build the first part of it about two thousand seven hundred years ago. Then Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined up. He thought that could keep the enemies out of the country.

     Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest. Not only Chinese people but also people from all over the world come to visit it.

(  ) 1. In most places in the Great Wall, ten horses or five men can walk side by side.

(  ) 2. The Great Wall of China is the biggest wall of the world.

(  ) 3. It took thousands of men hundreds of years to build the Great Wall.

(  ) 4. Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest.

(  ) 5. The kings began to build the first two parts of it about one thousand seven hundred years ago.

答案：FTFTF

【知识梳理2】选择题阅读

阅读理解选择题中考查的较多，常见的如细节题，推测题，判断对错题，主旨大意题等。在解决此类题型时，需要先快速略读文章，然后根据题目中的关键词在文中找出范围，运用排除法，推断法等选出正确答案。

【例题精讲】

My grandfather never watched TV. He thought that people spent（花费） too much time watching it. Some of his friends often talked about sports shows, the films and plays. My grandfather said to himself（自言自语）, "They never read any books or go out in the evening". So he didn't buy a TV.
　　Two years ago my grandfather was 60 years old. He stopped working in the hospital. My father bought him a TV. He began to watch all the news. He knows much more about the world now. And he reads more books, too.
　　Now, my grandfather will get very angry(生气) if you trouble (麻烦) him when he is watching TV. I can't know that one can change(改变) his idea when he is 60.

1）细节题。根据题目中的关键词在文章中找出相应的范围，并对比推敲。

(   )1. My grandfather didn't watch TV because ________.
　　A. he had no time to watch it
　　B. he thought people spent too much time watching TV
　　C. he couldn't buy the TV set
　　D. he thought watching TV is bad for people's eyes

答案：B

批注： 本题的关键词是didn’t watch TV. 根据文章中“He thought that people spent too much time watching it.”可知本题选B。

 (   )2. My grandfather ______ when he worked in the hospital.
　　   A. went to mountains  B. played sports
　　   C. read books        D. watched TV

答案：C

批注： 遇到比较复杂的顺序题时可以列出图表，分清楚after, before, when等的先后顺序。“They never read any books or go out in the evening”“And he reads more books, too”爷爷觉得其他人不读书，到后来他既看电视也读书，可以推断爷爷在医院工作时也是读书的。

(   )3. My grandfather didn't work in the hospital _______.
　　A. after he was 60
　　B. before my father bought him a TV
　　C. when my father asked him not to work
　　D. after he liked watching the news

答案：B

批注：“Two years ago my grandfather was 60 years old. He stopped working in the hospital. My father bought him a TV.”爷爷在六十岁的时候，先停止了医院的工作，然后爸爸给他买了电视，所以要理清先后顺序，选B。

2）数字计算题。找出文章中的数字，根据文章意思判断。
(   )4. My grandfather is _______ now.
　　A. 58      B. 60         C. 62         D. 61
答案：C

批注：“Two years ago my grandfather was 60 years old.”两年前爷爷六十岁，根据计算，现在应该是六十二岁。

3）判断题。首先看清题意，是要求选正确的还是错误的，然后使用排除法、推断法选出正确答案。
(   )5. Which of the following sentences is right?
　　A. The writer knows why his grandfather changed his idea.
　　B. My grandfather often watches TV now.
　　C. My grandfather bought a TV at the age of 60.
　　D. The writer and his grandfather like watching TV.

答案：B

批注：此处我们应用排除法。A作者并不知道祖父为什么那么快改变主意；C电视机是爸爸买的；D没提到作者喜欢看电视；B是对的，根据常识和文章内容判断，爷爷现在肯定是经常看电视的。

4）主旨题。了解文章大意后，选出最合适的答案，有可能四个选项都是对的，但一定是要最符合题目的。

(   )6. What’s the main(主要的) idea of this passage?

1. My grandfather didn’t like watching TV before.
2. My grandfather likes reading books.
3. My grandfather didn’t like watching TV before, but he likes watching TV very much now.
4. We shouldn’t trouble him when he was watching TV.

答案：C

批注：本题的四个选项都是对的，但是最符合题意的主旨是祖父以前不喜欢看电视，现在很喜欢看电视，所以选C。

【巩固练习】

Helen Keller lived in the USA. She was a great woman.

When Helen was a baby, she got very ill. After many weeks, the doctor said, "She is better, but now she can't see and she can't hear.” Her mother and father were very sad.

A few years later, things got worse. There was no way for Helen to speak to other people. She heard nothing. She saw nothing. She didn't understand anything.

Then one day a teacher came to live with Helen and her family. The teacher helped Helen learn about words. Helen was a very clever girl and soon she learned to spell her first word. When she was older, she went to college.

Helen traveled around the world and helped many blind and deaf people. She became famous all over the world.

Helen was a very old woman when she died. The world remembers her today as a brave and wonderful person. She was blind and deaf, but she found a way to see and hear.

(     ) 1. Helen Keller got very ill when________.

A. she went to college                    B.  she was a baby

C. her teacher came to home               D.  she was very old

( ) 2. Helen didn't understand anything because________.

A.she was ill                           B.she heard nothing and saw nothing 

C.she was a baby                        D.she couldn't speak to other people

( ) 3. ________taught Helen Keller her first word.

A.  Her teacher       B.  Her mother       C.  Her father           D. The doctor

(     ) 4. Helen lived a________ life.

A.  long             B. painful            C. short                D. poor

(     ) 5. Helen Keller was famous because________.

A.she was an American

B.she traveled around the world

C.her teacher taught her many things

D.she learned to read and write and helped many people in the world

(     ) 6. The world remembers Helen Keller today because________.

A she was a brave and wonderful person

B.she was blind and deaf

C.she was very clever

D.she went to college

(     )7. Helen Keller was blind and deaf, but________.

A.she found a way to travel around the world

B.her mother and father didn't feel sad

C.she found a way to understand the world

D.she found out how people became blind and deaf

Key:BBAADAC

【知识梳理3】回答问题型阅读理解

阅读理解中回答问题的题型中，要注意提问和回答的是什么内容，单词的拼写，时态，人称的转换等。

【例题精讲】

The Whites always get up early every day. In the morning father always goes to work. Sandy and Sue always go to school. Mother usually stays at home. At noon, Sandy and Sue always have lunch at school. In the afternoon, Sandy and Sue come from school. They usually arrive(到达) home early. In the evening, Sandy and Sue always do their homework. At night, they go to bed early, but it's difficult(困难的) for them to fall asleep（入睡）.

回答下列问题：
1. --How many people are there in Mr. White's family?

--There are ______.
2. --Who gets up early?

--The __________________________.
3. --Does the mother work in a factory?

--________________.
4. --Do Sandy and Sue fall asleep early?

--________________________________.

答案：1. four    2. Whites     3. No, she doesn’t.    4. No, they don’t.

批注：

1. 这家一共有四口人，Mr. White, Mrs. White, Sandy，Sue四个人。

2. “The Whites always get up early every day”本题填The Whites。注意横线前已经有了the，所以后面只要填Whites. 不要忘记复数。

3. 根据文章中“Mother usually stays at home.”可知妈妈不上班。一般疑问句提问时，只有两种回答。Does…? Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t. 本题填否定形式。

4. 根据文章中“At night, they go to bed early, but it's difficult for them to fall asleep.”虽然孩子们上床很早，但是很难入睡。

【巩固练习】

The sun and the wind

   Long long ago , the wind and the sun had a quarrel (争吵).The wind said he was stronger than the sun and the sun said he was stronger than the wind .Soon a man came along the road .

  "See that man ,I can make the man take off his coat ."said the wind .But the sun said " No , you can't , but last they both said ,"Let's try ."

  The wind said he would try first .He blew and blew . The weather became cold . The man said ," It is very cold ."So he didn't take off his coat . At last the wind was tried and he said :"I can't make the man take off his coat ".

  Then the sun tried . He shone hotter and hotter .

  " It is warm now ",said the man ," I must take off my coat ." Then he takes off his coat .

  " See ! I 'm stronger than you ."said the sun to the wind.

1. 1. Who had a quarrel one day ?

_____________________________________________________________________

2. 2. Did the wind think he was stronger than the sun ?

_____________________________________________________________________

3. 3. Did the weather became colder when the wind blew and blew ?

_____________________________________________________________________

4. 4. What did the sun do to the man?

_____________________________________________________________________

5. 5. Who could make the man take off his coat ,the wind or the sun ?  

_____________________________________________________________________

Keys:

1. The wind and the sun.
2. Yes, he did.
3. Yes, it did.
4. The sun shone hotter and hotter .
5. The sun.

【知识梳理4】阅读理解解题方法

阅读理解是英语中必考的题型，包括判断对错、选择、回答问题等题型，需要在理解文章的基础上运用解题方法判断出正确答案。

a. 先浏览全文，了解文章大意。

b. 找出题目中的关键词，根据题目中的关键词在文中找出范围，并划出来。

c. 若是判断题，将句子与原文进行对比，然后做出判断。

d. 若是细节题，在原文中找出要填的时间，地点，原因等，再填写答案。

e. 若是主旨题，则选用排除法和推断法，找出最合适的答案。

做阅读理解题时要注意解题习惯的养成，要求注意细节，所以解题时一定要在文章中画出范围。

【课堂检测】

一．阅读短文,根据短文内容选择正确的答案.

A man was walking through(穿过) a forest. He had a few caps in his hands. In the forest there were a lot of monkeys. The day was hot, so he decided to have a rest under a tree. He put one cap on his head and lay down to sleep(躺下睡觉).

   When he woke up, he couldn’t find his caps. “Where are my caps?” he cried and looked up. He saw some monkeys in the trees. Each had a cap on its head.

   “Give me back my caps!” shouted(叫喊) the man to the monkeys. But the monkeys didn’t understand(理解) him. They only jumped, laughed and danced.

“How can I get back my caps?” he thought hard. In the end he had an idea. He took off his cap and threw(扔) it on the ground. The little animals did the same thing. Happily the man picked up all the caps and went on his way.

 (    )1.One day a man was going __________.

A.to the forest               B. through the forest

C.to a village                D. through the city

  (    )2.The man decided to have a rest because _________.

A.he was hungry             B.he was tired

C.the day was hot             D.he was ill

 (    )3.When the man woke up____________.

A.he found his caps were gone   B.he saw a fox

C.he had a fever              D.he found many monkeys

 (    )4.The man wanted to get his caps back, and he shouted to the monkeys,but it didn’t work. Why?

1. Because the monkeys wanted to laugh at him.
2. Because the monkeys wanted to wear the caps.
3. Because the monkeys didn’t understand him.
4. Because the monkeys didn’t hear what he shouted.

 (    )5.The man was ______when he got all his caps back.

1. angry（生气的）B.surprised（惊奇的）

C.sad（悲伤的）   D.pleased（高兴的）

读 Mike 的日记，选择正确答案。(5%)

Last Sunday was a funny day. Liu Tao came to my home in the morning. We studied English together. We read some funny English stories. At about ten o’clock, we went to Chennan Park on foot. And we fished there. It was very interesting. We cooked lunch at about 12 o’clock and it was very nice. Then we cleaned the kitchen. We watched TV after lunch. At about 4 o’clock in the afternoon, we played pingpong.

(     )1. Mike watched TV ________________.

       A. in the morning   B. in the afternoon    C. in the evening

(     )2. Mike and Liu Tao went fishing __________.

       A. at home        B. in Chennan Park    C. at school

(     )3. They went to the park _____________.

       A. on foot         B. by bus           C. by bike

(     )4. This afternoon they also ______________.

       A. played football. B. played basketball. C. played table tennis.

(     )5. Who cooked lunch? ____________.

       A. Mike.      B. Mike and Liu Tao.    C. Mike’s mother.

Mr Black works on a farm.  He and his wife grow a lot of plants and they have some cows.  Every day they work hard from morning to night. One day, Mr Black says to his wife ,“Let’s go to Portsmouth next Sunday. We can have a good lunch there and then we can go to the cinema.”

His wife is very happy when she hears this, because they always eat a lot, and she doesn’t like cooking three times a day.

They go to Portsmouth by train and walk about for an hour(小时). At 12 o’clock, they want to have lunch.  In front of one restaurant(饭店), they see a notice. It says, “Lunch: 12:30 to 2:30  1.5 pounds.”

  “Well, that’s good.” Mrs Black says, “We can eat for two hours for 1.5 pounds here!  This is the place for us.”

(   ) 1.There are a lot of _____ on their farm.

A. plants      B. dogs     C. cows   D. Both A and C

(   ) 2. _____usually does the cooking at home.

A. Mr Black  B. Mrs Black  C. Neither A and B   D. Both A and B

(   ) 3. Mr Black and Mrs Black walk about in Portsmouth for _____.

A. two hours  B. three hours    C. one hour     D. four hours

(   ) 4. At_____ o’clock, they want to have lunch.

 A. two      B. twelve        C. twenty        D. one

(   ) 5. Portsmouth is the name of a  _____.

   A. place   B. dogs   C. man      D. restaurant

答案：一，B C A C D

二．B C A C C

三．A B C B A

【要点回顾】

（以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）

引导学生阅读理解的技巧

【温故知新】

二, 阅读短文,判断下列句子是否与短文内容相符,用T,F来表示.

                              (一)

Many Chinese people have a good time during the Chinese New Year. It usually comes in February. Each year gets a name. It may be called the year of the Dog or the year of the Monkey instead of(代替) 1970 and 1980.

    Usually there is dragon(龙) dance in the street. The dragon is a strange(奇怪的) animal about 20 feet(英尺) long. It is made of paper and cloth(布). Men hide(藏) under the dragon, and make a lot of noise by shouting and laughing. There are always a lot of firework(烟火).

    After the dragon dance, the children sing and dance in the street.

(     ) 1.The Chinese New Year usually comes in October.

(     ) 2. The Chinese people may call 2007 the year of the Pig.

(     ) 3. The dragon was made of paper and cloth.

(     ) 4. The dragon dance needs a lot of animals.

(     ) 5. After the dragon dance, the children sing and dance.

                    （二）

One day a crow finds a piece of meat. She picks it up in her mouth and flies to a tall tree. She is just going to eat when a fox sees her. He comes under the tree and says,“Hello! How beautiful you look today!”The crow is very glad to hear that. Then the fox speaks again,“I can see your beautiful face, I  hear your voice is nice, too. Why don’t you sing a song?”The crow is very happy. She opens her mouth and begins to sing a song. When she opens her mouth, She drops the meat. The fox picks up the meat and goes away with it quickly.

(      )1.The crow puts the meat in the tree.

(      )2.The crow and the fox are friends.

(      )3.The fox thinks the crow is beautiful.

(      )4 The crow wants to sing a song.

(      )5.The fox listens to the crow and takes the meat away.

答案：FFTF T

F F F F F

预习巩固：

6AU1 重点词汇默写