【暑假提升】人教版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-专题14 Unit 5 主语从句 单元语法精讲+自我检测

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专题14 Unit 5主语从句-单元语法精讲+自我检测【语法精讲】在从句中充当主语的复合句，主语即为主句动作的发出者或状态的持有者。有两种形式：直接放句首；it为形式主语，真正的主语在句子后（为了避免头重脚轻）。主语从句时态不受主句的限制。（一）连接词引导的主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和连接副词when, where, why, how等.连接词引导的从句That light travels in straight line is known to all.我们都知道光是以直线传播的。Whether he will join us is still a question.他是否会加入我们仍是个问题。 连接代词引导的从句Who will be sent there has not been decided.大家还没有决定谁会被送过来。（主语）What you need is more practice. 你需要更多的练习。(宾语)Whatever we do is to serve the people.我们无论做什么都是为了服务人民。（宾语）Which is the best is not clear.我们不清楚哪个最好。(主语)连接副词引导的从句Where he has gone is a question.我们不知道他去哪儿了。（地点状）How he can earn a living in London remains a big problem. 如何在伦敦谋生仍是个大问题。（方式状）When we shall have our sports meet is a mystery. 什么时候会开运动会仍是个迷。（时间状）注意：在主语从句中，为了避免头重脚轻的问题，常用it为形式主语，真正的主语在句子后。（上述的例子转换）（二）总结it为形式主语的结构：1)It is + adj. / n. +从句It is a pity/shame that...遗憾的是……It is possible that...很可能……It is unlikely that...不可能……2)It +不及物动词+从句It seems/appears that...似乎……It happened that...碰巧……3)It + be +过去分词+从句It is said that...据说……It is known to all that...众所周知……It is reported that...据报道……It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……It is suggested that...有人建议……It must be pointed out that...必须指出……It has been proved that...已证明…….例如:It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议会议延期召开.It's reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤.It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.（三）学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题1)引导词that与whatwhat既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译成"所……的(东西、事情、话等.)";而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:What is done can't be undone. (谚语)已成定局,无可挽回.What we can't get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好.That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.2)引导词if和whetherif和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语从句常由whether引导.例如:Whether she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家还不得而知.Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定. =It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.但我们不能说If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.3)其它引导词连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词when,where, why, how等有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语.（四）语气在It is necessary / natural / important / strange...+ that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用"should +原形",表虚似语气.例如:It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.这个问题必须马上解决.It's strange that he should have gone away without telling us.他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.（五）以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别"It be + adj./n. + that-clause"与强调句型均有It be...that...之类的语言标志,但不同的是:①前者中的that从句是主语从句.若删掉其中的It be和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中的It be和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.②强调句型译为汉语时可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以.请比较下面两个句子:It is surprising that Mary should have won first place.令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名. It is Mary that has won first place.正是玛莉得了第一名.补充强调句：it引导的强调句与it做形式主语的复合句不可混淆。it引导的强调句是对句子某一成分强调，对主语为人强调用who，that都可，对其他只用that，（去掉it is that 句子仍完整）I met John in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上看见了John.It was I that (who) met John in the street yesterday. 是我昨天在街上看到了John。(强调主语)It was John that I met in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上看到的是John。（强调宾语）It was in the street that I met John yesterday. 我昨天看到John在街上。（强调地点状）It was yesterday that I met John in the street.昨天，我在街上遇见了John。（强调时间状）【自我检测】I.填入适当的词完成下列句子。1．______ made him satisfied was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English, and they became more confident in learning.2．________their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3．Media say that ________ has made the story gain a great popularity is its admirable scenery. 4．When teenagers worry about their appearance too much, it is likely ________ they target their anger at their parents. 5．Suddenly it hit me________ difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 6．It was amazing ________ quickly I could get there—just half an hour. 7．It’s hardly an obvious conclusion ________ this is a good way to survive.8．It’s been reported ________ 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.9．In some countries, ________ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights of all people.10．But most importantly, ______ you need is good feedback. 11．It is possible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too. 12．It’s clear ______ a solution is needed so a celestial deep clean can take place. 13．______we feed our bodies feeds our eyes. 14．________ I told him was ________ I would find him a good play.15．________ is the most important in life isn’t money.16．It occurred to him________ he hadn't eaten anything since the night before. 17．________would like to devote his whole life to his country in face of the novel coronavirus should be praised.18．Modern science has given clear evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases. 19．It was never clear ________ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. 20．It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office. 21．It’s typical ________ the careless boy makes mistakes again. 22．________ he lacks is experience. 23．__________ made his mother angry is that the boy spent as much time playing games as he did studying. 24．It is a truth well known to all__________ China has become one of the strongest countries in the world. 25．______ strikes me most in the movie is ______ the boy risks his life to jump into the river to save a little girl. 26．______ matters is not the choice you have made, but rather the intention behind your choice. 27．________ is really interesting is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native English speakers. 28．________ we try to protect is the habitat of the animal.29．It is certain ______ we shall be late. 30．________ concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests. 答案：1．what  2．whether  3．what  4．that  5．how  6．how  7．that  8．that  9．what  10．what11．that  12．that  13．what  14．what    that      15．what16．that  17．whoever  18．that  19．why  20．that21．that  22．what  23．what  24．that  25．what    that    26．what  27．what  28．what  29．that   30．WhatII.语法填空。May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially   61   the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate   62   festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society   63   （address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the   64   （large）tea-producing country, China has a   65   （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a   66   （share）future for mankind," he said. The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation   67   cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.    68   （strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,   69   （invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening   70   （it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea. 【语篇导读】 文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。by【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。the【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。addressed   【解析】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。64. largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。65. responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。66. shared【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。67. and【解析】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。68. To strengthen【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。69. inviting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。70. its考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。