2022-2023学年内蒙古通辽市中旗重点中学高二下学期期中英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年内蒙古通辽市中旗重点中学高二下学期期中英语试卷含解析，共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年内蒙古通辽市中旗重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
It is believed that human story begins in Africa and ends about 200，000 years later with their seven billion descendants （后代） spread across the Earth，living in peace or at war，their faces lit by campfires and computer screens.
In between is an exciting tale of survival，movement，isolation，and conquest，most of it occurring before recorded history.Who were those first modern people in Africa？What routes did they take when they left their home continent 60，000 years ago to expand into Europe and Asia？When and how did humans reach the Americas？For decades，the only proof was found in a small number of scattered bones and artifacts that our ancestors left behind on their journeys.In the past 20 years，however，DNA technologies have allowed scientists to find a record of ancient human migrations in the DNA of living people.
"Every drop of human blood contains a history book written in the language of our genes，" says population geneticist Spencer Wells.The human genetic code，or genome，is 99.9 percent identical throughout the world.But while the bulk of our DNA is the same，what's left is responsible for our individual differences—in eye color or disease risk，for example.On very rare occasions，a small change，called a mutation，can occur，which is then passed down to all of that person's descendants.Generations later，finding that same mutation in two people's DNA indicates that they share the same ancestor.By comparing mutations in many different populations，scientists can trace their ancestral connections.
These ancient mutations are easiest to track in two places：in DNA that is passed from mother to child （called mitochondrial DNA，or mtDNA for short），and in DNA that travels from father to son （known as the Y chromosome，the part of DNA that determines a child will be a boy）.By comparing the mtDNA and Y chromosomes （染色体） of people from various populations，geneticists can get a rough idea of where and when those groups separated in the great migrations around the planet.
1. The best title for this reading could be " ______ ".
A. Exploring Human History B. Finding DNA Differences
C. Making a Biology Experiment D. Discovering Ancestries in DNA
2. What can we infer from the quote of Spencer Wells in Paragraph 3？ ______
A. A drop of blood contains genetic information that can tell a person's ancestral history.
B. The organization of information in a history book is similar to the organization of DNA within a gene.
C. Every drop of blood contains enough DNA information to fill many history books.
D. Although people speak different languages，all human blood contains the same language.
3. The underlined word "bulk" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______ .
A. the large size B. the main part
C. the weight or shape D. the quantity
B
Zea Tongeman,a 14-year-old student,who is crazy about the Internet,applied technology to create an application that encourages people to recycle while having fun.
Zea was really inspired when she attended "Little Miss Geek Day"，an event that aims at making technology more accessible and appealing to young women and inspiring them to consider technology careers.Soon after,she entered "Apps for Good"，a competition that encourages students to create positive change through technology.Teaming up with her friend,Jordan Stirbu,she laid the foundations for "Jazzy Recycling".
The "Jazzy Recycling" application is designed to encourage young people to recycle more,which wins the favor of the youth.It turns waste disposal into a game and helps you find places to recycle.Then you scan what you need to recycle,share it,and get rewards such as shopping vouchers （代金券） and games to be unlocked for what you have recycled.
Tapping into the teen enthusiasm for sharing every little aspect of their daily life on social media like Facebook,Twitter or Instagram,recycling efforts can be shared too as a fun game among friends,which makes more people take part in recycling activities.
Zea explains why she is addicted to the Internet and how technology has changed her ideas about the future, "I used to think technology was just fixing computers and using smartphones；I have become very tired from just using what is available.I have discovered another side to it and that I can make technology of my own."
In fact,Zea Tongeman has taken the idea of recycling seriously and hopes all her fellow beings would give it a serious thought.This teen girl from the United Kingdom has made use of computer programming to create her own app that would encourage people to go recycling for a better world.
4. What is "Little Miss Geek Day" intended to do？ ______
A. To inspire students to go recycling.
B. To encourage students to create more.
C. To introduce some famous young ladies.
D. To get girls interested and involved in technology.
5. How does the "Jazzy Recycling" appeal to the young？ ______
A. It combines recycling with fun.
B. It offers money to those who recycle.
C. It raises their awareness of waste disposal.
D. It provides varieties of convenient services.
6. Which of the following best describes Zea Tongeman？ ______
A. Considerate. B. Generous. C. Creative. D. Modest.
7. What can we learn from Tongeman's story？ ______
A. Teenagers have a talent for creating apps.
B. Technology plays a significant role in education.
C. Competitions inspire teenagers to achieve success.
D. Youngsters can make a difference in their own ways.
C
    On Tuesday, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a series of new high-producing crop varieties, including herbicide-tolerant (耐除草剂的) rice that can be directly planted into the soil, cutting the huge expenses on water and farm workers.
    In India, the world's biggest rice exporter, the traditional method of rice growing requires farmers to grow seeds in nurseries, and then wait for 20 to 30 days before transplanting the small plants by hand into the fields that are ankle-deep in water.
    With the new seed varieties developed by the state-run Indian Agricultural Research Institute, farmers only need to water the field once to moisten (使湿润) the soil before planting the rice. Besides, the traditional method also uses a lot of water to control weeds as herbicides are costly and often do not distinguish between the rice and the unwanted weeds.
    Government scientists said the new rice varieties contained a gene that would allow farmers to spray a common, inexpensive herbicide without worrying about any side effects. "Our focus is very high on new seeds that can be adapted to new conditions, especially in changing climates," Modi said.
    Water conservation is likely to be the main attraction of the new rice varieties in India, where farmers rely heavily on monsoon (季风) rains. The traditional method uses 3, 000 to 5, 000 liters of water to produce 1 kg rice. The new varieties could cut water use by at least 50% to 60%, farmers and government officials say. "For farmers like us, the main concern was the management of water, and the new varieties take care of that concern," said Ravindra Kajal, who grows rice on his 9-acre farmland in the northern state of Haryana. India is also the world's biggest rice producer after China.
8. Which is the benefit of the new rice?
A. It can produce herbicide.
B. It can be planted in any field.
C. It needs a lot of water to grow.
D. It can save money for the farmers.
9. Why can farmers apply a common herbicide to the new rice?
A. The new rice contains herbicide itself.
B. The herbicide is suitable for all rice varieties.
C. Genes in the new rice can avoid harm from herbicide.
D. The herbicide can distinguish the rice from the weeds.
10. What plays an important role in rice-planting in India?
A. Water. B. Temperature. C. Wind. D. Sunlight.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. India Launches New Herbicides.
B. India Cuts Expenses on Farming.
C. India Promotes New Rice Varieties.
D. Farmers Appeal for New Rice Varieties.
D
Almost two years ago，I stood on a dormitory balcony （宿舍阳台），joined hands with my three closest friends and listened to one of them tell a story about four girls with different backgrounds and gifts who left home and went to college at a place called Happy Valley.
After we left our friend's apartment that last night of our freshman year （大学一年级），we ended up on the lawn （草坪），playing frisbee （飞盘游戏） and sitting on the dormitory steps talking for hours.Alisa，Karen，Gabriolle and I had spent that day together just being freshmen — going to the sandwich shop for the last lunch of the term，trying on each other's clothes，watching movies and acting like we would never see each other again.For freshmen，and especially for us，saying goodbye at the end of the first year can feel like saying goodbye forever.
My advice to any freshmen is to cherish （珍惜） those moments.You may grow completely apart from the people you spent your first year with.Even if you have almost forgotten your freshman year roommates two years later，you can never replace that year and the completely new feeling that your first year of college brings.We learned more outside the classroom than we learned inside it.That dormitory is where we learned the lessons of our freshman years.I think the main lesson I learned was what true friendship is.
The story Alisa told on that balcony is far from over.I sometimes wonder if the following is how it will end： "...and those four little girls grew up and realized their dreams.They found themselves all over the country，from farms，to cities，doing everything they wanted to do — a computer technician，a physician，a lawyer，and an architect.And occasionally they would make it back to reunions at that valley and see their friends，laughing about the good times."
12. Why did the author stand on a dormitory balcony？ ______
A. To read a storybook.
B. To play frisbee with her friends.
C. To enjoy the view of Happy Valley.
D. To listen to a story told by her friend.
13. What does the second paragraph mainly focus on？ ______
A. A school party.
B. Four girls' daily life.
C. A common scene described in Happy Valley.
D. The last day four girls spent in their freshman year.
14. What suggestion does the author give to other freshmen？ ______
A. Sharing personal stories with their close friends.
B. Treasuring unforgettable moments they have made.
C. Remembering to help their close friends wherever they are.
D. Inviting their close friends to attend their graduation ceremonies.
15. What does the end of the story suggest？ ______
A. Every dog has his day.
B. True friendship lasts forever.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. There are many passers-by in one's life.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
All parents have sky-high hopes for their children.We want them to be confident and satisfied.What can parents do to help their kids grow up to lead happy lives？Experts advise：
（ 1） ______ .A study found that students whose parents paid attention to their abilities were far more likely to do well in school-and in life-than students whose parents didn't show such support.So celebrate your kids' achievements，no matter how small they are.
Praise their efforts.（2） ______ .Still，they are praised for trying their best.Ten-year-old April Cutler，for example，has had trouble with math since the second grade."She usually gets C's on her report card，but last year she was determined to get A's and worked hard at it，"says her mom."When the first grading period ended，April was disappointed when she got a B in math，"Lueille continues."But my husband and I told her we were very proud that she'd improved.That inspired her to try even harder.（3） ______ .
Let them make decisions and mistakes（4） ______ .And allowing kids to make wrong decisions-so long as doing so won't harm them-helps kids learn from their mistakes.
Encourage them to solve their own problems.As they grow，children need practice in communicating and standing up for themselves.One of the best places to learn these skills is at home.（5） ______ the next time your child runs to tell you that her brother is blaming her.

A.Applaud their achievements
B.Step back and let them work it out
C.She got a B plus for the next period
D.Kids won't always come out on top
E.Setting too high a goal makes kids feel discouraged
F.Give advice on how to help kids become mature
G.Making his/her own decisions builds his/her confidence
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Niu Yu looked remarkable on the catwalk at the concluded Shanghai Fashion Week.This was not just because of her beauty or the clothes she was wearing.She also seemed to show a （n）(21)strength.She did it with her artificial.(22) in full view,and in that single action she(23) beauty with courage.
Thirteen years ago,in the 8.0-magnitude earthquake that.(24)Wenchuan,the then teenaged Niu(25) her right leg as well as her young brother and nine close friends.It was a big(26)to her.However,Niu feels that she is(27). "At least,I(28) and I am surrounded by people who love me." She says,smiling with tears(29) up in her eyes.
"Losing a leg doesn't mean losing my(30)for life." she says.
In 2018，at the 10th anniversary of the earthquake,she(31) and finished the 21-kilometer marathon in 3 hours and 53 minutes,(32)almost walking.
She even went to remote Tibet Autonomous Region for a volunteer(33)program.Her students surrounded her,looking at her "iron leg"(34).She knew it was her(35)to help others and(36)the love and confidence.
Now she works as a photographer in Chengdu.And her one-minute catwalk went viral （风靡） on the Internet.Some social media users nicknamed her as "Iron Man's sister".
Her leg doesn't discourage her.(37)，it serves as a(38) that it is not what she is missing that defines her,but what she has got.She says, "When you accept your flaws （缺陷），you become free and(39)."
Everyone has flaws that we want to hide away,whether they are visible or invisible.And we should learn to(40)our "imperfection" and embrace life with passion and confidence.
21.  A. physical B. outer C. inner D. central
22.  A. leg B. arm C. head D. hand
23.  A. compared B. combined C. assisted D. shared
24.  A. seized B. crashed C. beat D. hit
25.  A. lost B. threw C. hid D. damaged
26.  A. option B. conflict C. anxiety D. blow
27.  A. confused B. unique C. fortunate D. lonely
28.  A. suffered B. survived C. woke D. returned
29.  A. welling B. trembling C. squeezing D. rushing
30.  A. struggle B. pace C. safety D. love
31.  A. held B. left C. registered D. organized
32.  A. at present B. at once C. at no time D. at times
33.  A. nurse B. teacher C. photographer D. athlete
34.  A. curiously B. cautiously C. regretfully D. eagerly
35.  A. ambition B. guidance C. turn D. permission
36.  A. work on B. put on C. pass on D. turn on
37.  A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
38.  A. souvenir B. reminder C. reward D. award
39.  A. weak B. strong C. wild D. reliable
40.  A. achieve B. observe C. evaluate D. appreciate
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. Millions of Chinese students have received new versions of Chinese language textbooks.（1） ______ （ write）by the Ministry of Education，the textbooks attach more（2） ______ （ important）to traditional culture.
Text-books for three-year junior high schools have more content on traditional Chinese articles and poems---132 in total.They make up 51.7%of all the texts.And primary school students' books contain 129（3） ______ is 30%of all the texts.
The articles were chosen（4） ______ classical essays，and poetry dating back to Han，Tang and Song dynasties.
Before the official release（发行），the textbooks（5） ______ （test）in schools across several provinces，but it turns out that not everyone is a fan.
Some parents have questioned the added emphasis on classical Chinese."They are too young （6） ______ （ understand）so many pieces with classical Chinese language.they said.
（ 7） ______ ，others welcomed the new books."Students at that age may not be able to understand well，but they are like （8） ______ （seed）that will grow one day.Some wisdom delivered through the Chinese classics might help children face the challenges in their own lives （9） ______ （brave）."
In fact，the textbooks arrive at a time （10） ______ ancient Chinese culture is gaining popularity in China.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Ladies and gentlemen，welcome to our school!It is a honor to introduce our martial arts club to you.
Since it founded six years ago，it has been popular among students.Every Friday afternoon，the member gather to practise martial arts under the direction of two teachers，that
have ever competed in martial arts competitions.The members are frequent organized to put on performances in various occasions.Not only can we keep the Chinese tradition alive，and we can also strengthen our body and willpower by practise martial arts.
Now，it's watch out some wonderful performances together.I hope they can have a good time in our school.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 假定你是李华，你校将以 " How to Protect the Environment" 为题举办英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
（1）目前环境存在的问题；
（2）作为中学生应该采取的措施（至少三条）。
注意：（1）词数80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、A、B
【解析】（1）标题判断题。根据文章第一句It is believed that human story begins in Africa and ends about 200，000 years later with their seven billion descendants（后代）spread across the Earth，living in peace or at war，their faces lit by campfires and computer screens.（人们相信，人类的故事始于非洲，结束于大约20万年后，他们的70亿后代散布在地球各地，生活在和平或战争中，他们的脸被营火和电脑屏幕照亮。）以及第二段最后一句In the past 20 years，however，DNA technologies have allowed scientists to find a record of ancient human migrations in the DNA of living people.（然而，在过去的20年里，DNA技术使科学家能够在活人的DNA中找到远古人类迁徙的记录。）第三段最后一句By comparing mutations in many different populations，scientists can trace their ancestral connections.（通过比较不同人群的基因突变，科学家们可以追溯他们祖先的联系。）和第四段最后一句By comparing the mtDNA and Y chromosomes（染色体）of people from various populations，geneticists can get a rough idea of where and when those groups separated in the great migrations around the planet.（通过比较不同人群的mtDNA和Y染色体，遗传学家可以大致了解这些人群在全球大迁徙中何时何地分开的。）可知本文主要讲人类起源于非洲大陆。科学家运用DNA技术，通过比较世人的DNA基因突变情况，迫踪不同族群的人是否源于同一祖先，进而大致弄清楚他们何时何地迁徙到世界各地。D项Discovering Ancestries in DNA"通过DNA寻祖"为最佳标题。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段第一句"Every drop of human blood contains a history book written in the language of our genes，"says population geneticist Spencer Wells.（人口遗传学家斯宾塞威尔斯说："每一滴血都包含着一部用基因语言书写的历史书。）由此判断出，一滴血液中包含着许多可以昭示一个人祖先历史的遗传信息。故选A。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第三段的第二句The human genetic code，or genome，is 99.9 percent identical throughout the world.（全世界人类的遗传密码，或者叫染色体，有99.9%是相同的。）第三句的后半句what's left is responsible for our individual differences-in eye color or disease risk，for example（剩下的一点点（不同）决定了人们眼睛颜色和患病风险的差异。）可知，我们DNA的主要部分是相同的。A.the large size大的尺寸；B.the main part主要部分；C.the weight or shape重量或形状；D.the quantity质量。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了遗传学者如何通过研究人类基因突变追踪人类起源和迁徙的问题。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】D、A、C、D
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段的"Zea was really inspired when she attended "Little Miss Geek Day"，an event that aims at making technology more accessible and appealing to young women and inspiring them to consider technology careers. （Zea在参加"Little Miss Geek Day"活动时深受启发，该活动旨在让年轻女性更容易接触和吸引科技，并鼓励她们考虑从事科技行业。）"可知，Little Miss Geek Day的目的是让年轻女性接触科技并鼓励她们从事科技事业。故选D。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据第三段"The "Jazzy Recycling" application is designed to encourage young people to recycle more,which wins the favor of the youth.It turns waste disposal into a game and helps you find places to recycle.Then you scan what you need to recycle,share it,and get rewards such as shopping vouchers （代金券） and games to be unlocked for what you have recycled.（"Jazzy Recycling"应用旨在鼓励年轻人多回收，受到年轻人的青睐。它把垃圾处理变成一个游戏，并帮助你找到回收的地方。然后你可以浏览需要回收的内容，分享它们，并获得购物券和游戏等奖励。）"可知，Jazzy Recycling吸引年轻人是因为它把回收和有趣的事结合起来。故选A。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第一段"Zea Tongeman,a 14-year-old student,who is crazy about the Internet,applied technology to create an application that encourages people to recycle while having fun.（14岁的学生Zea Tongeman痴迷于互联网，她应用技术创建了一款应用程序，鼓励人们在享受乐趣的同时回收资源。）"可知，Zea Tongeman创建了一个把回收和享受乐趣结合在一起的应用程序。由此推知，Zea Tongeman是一个具有创造力的孩子。A.Considerate体贴的；B.Generous慷慨的；C.Creative有创造力的；D.Modest谦虚的。故选C。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据第一段"Zea Tongeman,a 14-year-old student,who is crazy about the Internet,applied technology to create an application that encourages people to recycle while having fun.（14岁的学生Zea Tongeman痴迷于互联网，她应用技术创建了一款应用程序，鼓励人们在享受乐趣的同时回收资源。）"和最后一段的"This teen girl from the United Kingdom has made use of computer programming to create her own app that would encourage people to go recycling for a better world.（这位来自英国的少女利用计算机编程创建了自己的应用程序，该应用程序将鼓励人们为一个更美好的世界去回收资源。）"可知，通过Zea Tongeman的故事我们知道了，青少年用他们自己的方式来影响周围的人和世界。故选D。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一个14岁的英国少女Zea Tongeman创建了一个把回收和享受乐趣结合在一起的应用程序，鼓励人们为一个更好的世界回收资源。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】D、C、A、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文说明文。文章主要讲述印度正在努力推广新的水稻品种。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段On Tuesday, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a series of new high-producing crop varieties...cutting the huge expenses on water and farm workers. （周二，印度总理纳伦德拉•莫迪推出了一系列新的高产作物品种，包括可以直接种植在土壤中的抗除草剂水稻，从而减少了用水和农场工人的巨额开支。）可知，这种水稻不需要那么多的水并削减了雇佣工人的开支，为农场主节省了很多钱。故选 D项。

2. 细节理解题。根据第四段Government scientists said the new rice varieties contained a gene that would allow farmers to spray a common, inexpensive herbicide without worrying about any side effects.（政府科学家说，这种新的水稻品种含有一种基因，农民可以喷洒一种普通、廉价的除草剂，而不用担心任何副作用）可知，新水稻基因可以抵抗常见的除草剂，喷上除草剂也没副作用。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段Water conservation is likely to be the main attraction of the new rice varieties in India, where farmers rely heavily on monsoon (季风) rains. The traditional method uses 3, 000 to 5, 000 liters of water to produce 1 kg rice.（节水可能是印度水稻新品种的主要吸引力，因为印度农民严重依赖季风降雨。传统的方法需要3000到5000升水来生产1公斤大米）可知，印度水稻种植业水是非常重要的。故选A项。

4. 标题归纳题。根据第一段On Tuesday, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a series of new high-producing crop varieties, including herbicide-tolerant (耐除草剂的) rice that can be directly planted into the soil, cutting the huge expenses on water and farm workers.（周二，印度总理纳伦德拉•莫迪推出了一系列新的高产作物品种，包括可以直接种植在土壤中的抗除草剂水稻，从而减少了用水和农场工人的巨额开支）可知，这是一篇新闻报道类的说明文，文章主要是在说印度正在努力推广新的水稻品种。故选C项。

12~15.【答案】D、D、B、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Almost two years ago，I stood on a dormitory balcony （宿舍阳台），joined hands with my three closest friends and listened to one of them tell a story about four girls with different backgrounds and gifts who left home and went to college at a place called Happy Valley. （大约两年前，我站在宿舍的阳台上，和我的三个最亲密的朋友手拉着手，听其中一个讲述四个女孩的故事，她们有着不同的背景和天赋，离开家去一个叫欢乐谷的地方上大学。）可知，作者站在宿舍阳台上是为了听朋友讲故事。故选D项。
（2）段落大意题。根据第二段After we left our friend's apartment that last night of our freshman year （大学一年级），we ended up on the lawn （草坪），playing frisbee （飞盘游戏） and sitting on the dormitory steps talking for hours. （大一的最后一个晚上，我们离开朋友的公寓后，我们在草坪上玩飞盘，坐在宿舍的台阶上聊了好几个小时。），以及最后一句For freshmen，and especially for us，saying goodbye at the end of the first year can feel like saying goodbye forever. （对于大一新生来说，尤其是我们，在大一结束的时候说再见，感觉就像永远告别一样。）可知，第二段主要讲述了四个女孩度过的大一生活的最后一天。A．A school party.学校聚会；B．Four girls' daily life.四个女孩的日常生活；C．A common scene described in Happy Valley.欢乐谷中描述的常见场景；D．The last day four girls spent in their freshman year.四个女生大一度过的最后一天。故选D项。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段My advice to any freshmen is to cherish （珍惜） those moments. （我给所有大一新生的建议是，珍惜那些时刻。）可知，作者建议大一新生要珍惜大一的生活。故选B项。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句They found themselves all over the country，from farms，to cities，doing everything they wanted to do — a computer technician，a physician，a lawyer，and an architect.And occasionally they would make it back to reunions at that valley and see their friends，laughing about the good times. （她们现在遍布全国各地，从农场到城市，做着他们想做的一切---一个计算机技术员、一个医生、一个律师和一个建筑师。偶尔他们还会回到那个山谷参加聚会，见见她们的朋友，谈笑那段美好时光）可知，最后一段的结尾暗示了这四个女孩将来虽然都有了各自的生活，但是她们的友谊常青。故选B项。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了大学第一年即将结束时与好友共同度过了美好的一天，并告诫其他大学新生要珍惜大学一年级发展的友谊。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

16~20.【答案】A、D、C、G、B
【解析】（1）A.标题归纳题。空格处是本段的主题句，由空格后的So celebrate your kids' achievements，no matter how small they are.（所以庆祝你孩子的成就，不管他们有多小。）可知，本段主要讲的是父母要庆祝孩子的成就，A选项"Applaud their achievements（赞赏他们的成就）"说明要为孩子的成就鼓掌，和本段主题相符合，故选A。
（2）D.推理判断题。空格后说Still，they are praised for trying their best.（尽管如此，他们还是因为竭尽全力而受到表扬。）说明空格处会提到他们尽力了却没有成功，D选项"Kids won't always come out on top（孩子们并不总能脱颖而出）"说明孩子不是总能成功，有时候努力了也不会成功，因此D选项引起下文，符合语境，故选D。
（3）C.标题归纳题。空格前说That inspired her to try even harder.（这激励她更加努力。）空格处应说到她更努力后所取得的结果，C选项"She got a B plus for the next period（下一学期她得了B+）"点明了她更加努力后成绩进步了，取得了好结果，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
（4）G.推理判断题。本段主题句是Let them make decisions and mistakes.（让他们自己做决定，自己犯错。）空格处应说到像前面这么做的好处，G选项"Making his/her own decisions builds his/her confidence（自己做决定会建立起他/她的信心）"承接上文，说明了让他们自己做决定的好处，因此G选项符合语境，故选G。
（5）B.推理判断题。本段主题句是"ncourage them to solve their own problems.（鼓励他们解决自己的问题。）说明本段是要孩子学会自己解决问题，空格后说the next time your child runs to tell you that her brother is blaming her（下次你的孩子跑过来告诉你她哥哥在责怪她的时候），因此空格处应说孩子跑来求助时该鼓励孩子自己解决这个问题，B选项"Step back and let them work it out（退后，让他们自己解决）"说明了要让孩子自己解决问题，符合本段主题，故选B。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是父母帮助他们的孩子快乐地成长的几条建议。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~40.【答案】C、A、B、D、A、D、C、B、A、D、C、D、B、A、C、C、A、B、B、D
【解析】（1）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.physical身体的，物理的；B.outer外部的；C.inner内部的；D.central中心的。句意：她似乎也展示出内在的力量。根据上文"This was not just because of her beauty or the clothes she was wearing."可知，看起来很出色，不仅仅是因为外在的东西，还因为牛雨展示出了内在力量。故选C。
（2）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.leg腿；B.arm手臂；C.head头；D.hand手。句意：她在众目睽睽之下用她的假腿做到了这一点，在这一个动作中，她将美丽与勇气结合在了一起。根据下文" the then teenaged Niu（5）her right leg as well as her young brother ."可知，牛雨在地震中失去了一条腿，那么走台时人们看到的就是她的假腿。故选A。
（3）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.compared比较；B.combined联合，结合，C.assisted协助；D.shared分享。句意：她在众目睽睽之下用她的假腿做到了这一点，在这一个动作中，她将美丽与勇气结合在了一起。结合常识，能在台上展示出自己不完美的一面，这是将美与勇气结合。故选B。
（4）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.seized抓住；B.crashed崩溃；C.beat打败；D.hit打击，撞击，袭击。句意：13年前，在袭击四川的8级地震中，十多岁的牛雨失去了右腿和她的弟弟以及九个好朋友。结合常识和上文"earthquake "可知，此处表示8级地震袭击四川，用hit符合语境。故选D。
（5）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.lost丢失；B.threw扔；C.hid隐藏；D.damaged损害，伤害。句意：13年前，在袭击四川的8级地震中，十多岁的牛雨失去了右腿和她的弟弟以及九个好朋友。根据下文""Losing a leg doesn't mean losing my（10）for life." she says."可知，当时牛雨失去了右腿。故选A。
（6）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.option选择；B.conflict冲突；C.anxiety焦虑；D.blow猛击，打击。句意：这对她来说是一个巨大的打击。根据上文" the then teenaged Niu（5）her right leg as well as her young brother and nine close friends."可知，失去右腿、弟弟和朋友对牛雨来说是一个巨大的打击。故选D。
（7）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.confused困惑的；B.unique唯一的，独特的；C.fortunate幸运的；D.lonely孤独的。句意：但是牛雨觉得她是幸运的。根据下文"At least,I（8）and I am surrounded by people who love me"推知，虽然受伤且失去了家人和朋友，但她身边依然有爱她的人，因此她觉得自己还是幸运的。故选C。
（8）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.suffered遭受；B.survived幸存；C.woke醒来；D.returned返回。句意：她说："至少，我活下来了，并且被爱我的人包围着。"她笑着，眼里涌出了泪水。根据语境和"At least"可知，牛雨觉得自己至少在灾难中活了下来。故选B。
（9）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.welling涌；B.trembling颤抖；C.squeezing挤压；D.rushing冲。句意：她说："至少，我活下来了，并且被爱我的人包围着。"她笑着，眼里涌出了泪水。结合常识和"tears"可知，说话时牛雨很激动，因此眼里涌出了泪水。故选A。
（10）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.struggle挣扎；B.pace步伐；C.safety安全；D.love爱。句意：她说："失去腿并不意味着失去了对生活的爱。"结合上文提到她的台秀和下文参加比赛以及成为志愿者可知，她没有失去对生活的爱。故选D。
（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.held 举行；B.left离开；C.registered登记，报名；D.organized组织。句意：在2018年，即地震10周年，她报名并在3小时53分钟内完成了21公里的马拉松比赛，有时几乎是步行。结合常识和下文"finished the 21-kilometer marathon "可知，此处是指牛雨报名参加2018年举行的一次马拉松比赛。故选C。
（12）D.考查短语及语境理解。A.at present目前，现在；B.at once立刻；C.at no time绝不；D.at times偶尔。句意：在2018年，即地震10首年，她报名并在3小时53分钟内完成了21公里的马拉松比赛，有时几乎是步行。结合牛雨的右腿是假腿可知，21公里的马松她并非全程跑完，有时几乎是步行。故选D。
（13）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.nurse护士；B.teacher老师；C.photographer摄影师；D.athlete田径运动员。句意：她甚至去偏远的西藏自治区参加一个志愿者老师项目。根据下文"Her students surrounded her"可知，此处是指去西藏参加志愿者教师项目。故选B。
（14）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.curiously好奇地；B.cautiously警惕地；C.regretfully遗憾地；D.eagerly迫切地。句意：她的学生围着她，好奇地看着她的"钢腿"。结合小孩的天性和"her "iron leg""可知，学生们对她的"钢腿"很好奇。故选A。
（15）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.ambition雄心；B.guidance指导；C.turn轮到，机会；D.permission允许。句意：她知道轮到她来帮助别人传递爱和信心了。结合上文别人帮助牛雨可知，她知道此时轮到她帮助别人了。it's one'sturn to do sth."轮到某人做某事"。故选C。
（16）C.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.work on致力于；B.put on穿上，张贴；C.pass on传递；D.turn on打开。句意：她知道轮到她来帮助别人传递爱和信心了。四川发生地震时别人给与牛雨帮助，现在她去西藏做志愿者教师帮助那里的孩子，这是爱心的传递。故选C。
（17）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.Instead代替，而不是，相反；B.Otherwise否则；C.Therefore因此；D.Meanwhile与此同时。句意：相反，这是一个提醒，提醒她定义她的不是她缺少什么，而是她拥有什么。根据上文"Her leg doesn't discourage her."可知，此处是指牛雨的腿没有让她灰心丧气，相反时刻提醒着她。故选A。
（18）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.souvenir纪念品；B.reminder提醒物；C.reward回报，报酬；D.award奖励。句意：相反，这是一个提醒，提醒她定义她的不是她缺少什么，而是她拥有什么。根据下文"that it is not what she is missing that defines her,but what she has got."可知，牛雨失去的腿时刻提醒着她，定义她的不是她缺少什么，而是她拥有什么。故选B。
（19）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.weak虚弱的；B.strong强壮的，强大的；C.wild野生的，疯狂的；D.reliable可靠的。句意：她说："当接受了自己的缺陷，你就变得自由且强大。"根据上文讲述牛雨的故事和空前"free"可知，此处是指牛雨认为接受自己的缺陷，就会变得自由且强大。故选B。
（20）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.achieve实现；B.observe观察，遵守；C.evaluate评估，估计；D.appreciate感激，欣赏。句意：我们应该学会欣赏自己的"不完美"，用激情和信心拥抱生活。根据上文"Niu Yu looked remarkable on the catwalk at the concluded Shanghai Fashion Week."可知，牛雨认为我们应该欣赏自己的不完美。故选D。
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在地震中失去右腿的四川姑娘牛雨用自己的实际行动告诉人们：我们应该欣赏自己的不完美，不要让外在定义自己。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。.

41.【答案】【小题1】Written
【小题2】importance
【小题3】which
【小题4】from
【小题5】were tested
【小题6】to understand
【小题7】However
【小题8】seeds
【小题9】bravely
【小题10】when
【解析】（1）Written.考查过去分词。句意：由教育部编写的教科书更加重视传统文化。分析句子结构可知，write应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the textbooks构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Written。
（2）importance.考查不可数名词。句意：由教育部编写的教科书更加重视传统文化。空处作attach的宾语，应用名词importance，表示"重要"，是不可数名词。attach more importance to为固定短语，表示"更加重视"，故填importance。
（3）which.考查定语从句。句意：小学生的课本有129本，占全部课文的30%。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（4）from.考查介词。句意：这些文章选自汉、唐、宋时期的古典散文和诗歌。结合句意表示"选自..."，短语为choose from，空处应填介词from，故填from。
（5）were tsted.考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：在正式发布之前，这些教科书在多个省份的学校进行了测试，但事实证明，并不是每个人都喜欢。主语the textbooks与动词test"测试"构成被动关系，且本句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语textbooks是复数名词，be动词用were。故填were tested。
（6）to understand.考查动词不定式。句意：他们太年轻了，听不懂这么多文言文。此处为too...to...句型，表示"太...以至于不能..."。故填to understand。
（7）However.考查副词。句意：然而，其他人对新书表示欢迎。结合语境可知，设空前后为转折关系，空处由逗号隔开，应用副词however。句首单词首字母要大写。故填However。
（8）seeds.考查可数名词复数。句意：那个年龄的学生可能不能很好地理解，但他们就像种子，总有一天会发芽。seed"种子"为可数名词，根据上文they are可知用复数形式。故填seeds。
（9）bravely.考查副词。句意：通过中国经典传递的一些智慧可能会帮助孩子们勇敢地面对自己生活中的挑战。空处修饰动词face，应用副词bravely，作状语。故填bravely。
（10）when.考查定语从句。句意：事实上，这些教科书出现的时候，中国古代文化正在中国越来越流行。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词time，先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。故填when。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由教育部编写的教科书更加重视传统文化，书中的文章选自汉、唐、宋时期的古典散文和诗歌。但不同的人对新版汉语课本有不同的看法。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

42.【答案】Ladies and gentlemen，welcome to our school!It is  a honor to introduce our martial arts club to you.
    Since it∧ founded six years ago，it has been popular among students.Every Friday afternoon，the  member gather to practise martial arts under the direction of two teachers， that have ever competed in martial arts competitions.The members are  frequent organized to put on performances  in various occasions.Not only can we keep the Chinese tradition alive， and we can also strengthen our body and willpower by  practise martial arts.
    Now，it's watch out some wonderful performances together.I hope  they can have a good time in our school.
详解：
1.a改为an.考查冠词。句意：很荣幸向您介绍我们的武术俱乐部。honor为辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，故将a改为an。
2.it后加was.考查被动语态。句意：自6年前成立以来，它一直受到学生的欢迎。根据句意可知，主语it指的是俱乐部，与动作found（成立）之间是被动关系，谓语动词应用被动语态结构be done，时态为一般过去时，it为单数，be动词应用was，故在it后加was。
3.member改为members.考查名词复数。句意：每周五下午，队员们聚集在一起，在两位曾经参加过武术比赛的老师的指导下练习武术。由语境和下文提到的the members可知，队员应有多个，名词member应用复数形式，故将member改为members。
4.that改为who.考查定语从句。句意：每周五下午，队员们聚集在一起，在两位曾经参加过武术比赛的老师的指导下练习武术。分析句子可知，此处包含一个非限定性定语从句，关系代词that不可用于引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为two teachers，指人，且从句缺少主语，应用who代替先行词，引导该从句，作从句的主语，故将that改为who。
5.frequent改为frequently.考查副词。句意：这些成员经常被频繁地组织起来在各种场合进行表演。由句意可知，此处修饰动词organized，应用副词修饰动词，故将frequent改为frequently。
6.in改为on/at.考查介词。句意：这些成员经常被频繁地组织起来在各种场合进行表演。根据句意可知，此处表示"在各种场合"，当occasion要表达"在……情况，场合下"的意思时，与介词on或at搭配。故将in改为on/at。
7.and改为but.考查连词。句意：通过练习武术，我们不仅可以保持中国传统，而且还可以增强我们的身体和意志力。根据句意可知，此处表示"不仅……而且……"，应用固定搭配"not only …but（ also）…"，故将and改为but。
8.practise改为practising.考查动名词。句意：通过练习武术，我们不仅可以保持中国传统，而且还可以增强我们的身体和意志力。介词by后应用动名词作宾语，by doing sth.表示"通过做某事"，故将practise改为practising。
9.删除out.考查动词。句意：现在，让我们一起看一些精彩的表演。根据句意可知，此处表示"观看"，watch意为"观看"时是及物动词，不需要介词，故删除out。
10.they改为you/we.考查代词。句意：我希望你们/我们能在我们学校过得愉快。根据语境可知，这个发言稿的人称为第一人称，所以应用第一人称复数we；或者是主持人对观众们表达希望，应用第二人称you，故将they改为you/we。
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是学校活动上介绍武术俱乐部的发言稿。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。

43.【答案】How to Protect the Environment
Good morning，everyone!（问候）
It's my honor to stand here delivering a speech about environmental protection.（主题）
As we can see，our environment is badly damaged by what we human beings have done.【高分句型一】The polluted water，air and food have a great effect on our health.Therefore，it's high time that everyone should try their best to do what they can to protect the environment.【高分句型二】As middle school students，we also can do a lot of things for the task.（目前环境存在的问题）
First of all，we should protect the environment by saving energy，including turning off electrical equipment and taps in time.In addition，we must contact environmental protection departments secretly if we find factories are polluting our environment.Above all，we can call on more people around us to join us.In a word，the effort from everybody can make a great difference to our world.（作为中学生应该采取的措施）
That's all.Thank you for listening.（结束语）
【解析】高分句型一
As we can see，our environment is badly damaged by what we human beings have done.
翻译：正如我们所看到的，我们的环境被我们人类的所作所为严重破坏。
分析：句子里，As引导非限制性定语从句we can see；what引导宾语从句we human beings have done。
高分句型二
Therefore，it's high time that everyone should try their best to do what they can to protect the environment.
翻译：因此，现在是每个人都应该尽力保护环境的时候了。
分析：句子里，固定句式it's high time that表示"是.....的时候了"；what引导宾语从句they can to protect the environment。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。