2022-2023学年四川省凉山州高二（上）期末英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年四川省凉山州高二（上）期末英语试卷含解析，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年四川省凉山州高二（上）期末英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
The Beijing Winter Olympics is a great success.On the Beijing- Zhangjiakou High- speed train，the crew（乘务组） welcome passengers from different countries in different languages，such as " Hello" ，" Bonjour" ，" Guten Tag" ，" Zdravstvuyte" and so on.With their good service，passengers can make their trips happy and warm.
The Beijing- Zhangjiakou High- speed railway plays a very important part in many aspects，which connects the three main hosting places （Beijing，Yanqing and Chongli） together and shortens the travel time between Beijing and Chongli from more than three hours to just one hour.The trains are well designed and have the following advantages：
Smart operations
Some of the trains along the Beijing- Zhangjiakou railway line are smart enough to drive by themselves!More than 2，700 sensors（传感器） make sure the train runs smoothly.Most importantly，the trains can run in temperatures as low as - 40°C.
Large screens
Some carriages are equipped with large screens.You can watch the Olympics live shows on it with the help of 5 G technology.No matter whether you are an athlete or a reporter，you won' t miss any exciting show.
Special carriages
There are special carriages for the disabled people.It' s wider and has Braille everywhere which greatly helps the blind to read easily.There is also a barrier-free （无障碍的） toilet with an SOS button.Next to the toilet，there is also a space especially for skis.
Safe bags
A small smart card can be tied to your luggage.It connects your phone through Bluetooth.In this way，you can always know where your luggage is.You never need to worry about losing your bags!
1. Which aspect is friendly to people with disability？ ______
A. Safe bags. B. Large screens.
C. Smart operations. D. Special carriages.
2. How can you get your bag easily？ ______
A. To put a phone in it. B. To watch a big screen.
C. To attach a smart card to it. D. To press an SOS button.
3. What's the text mainly about？ ______
A. The fast way to locate the luggage.
B. The success of Beijing Winter Olympics.
C. The advantages of the High- speed train.
D. The good service of the crew on the train.
B
Today I still remember my first marathon（马拉松）.Just one month before it，one of my ankles（脚踝） was injured，which meant I can not run in the following two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do very well.He later told me that I was" not athletic" .
The idea that I was" not athletic" stuck in my mind for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized that running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of my wills!
The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous，but determined to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces（鞋带） became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3，I passed a sign：" GO FOR IT，RUNNERS! "
By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21，I was starving!
As I approached mile 23，I could see my husband waving a sign.He is my biggest fan.He never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And I got a medal.
Determined to be myself and move forward，free of shame and （世俗标签），I can now call myself a" marathon winner" .
4. What happened to the author a month before the marathon？ ______
A. Her ankle got injured.
B. She still ran every day.
C. She missed her first marathon.
D. Her training was cancelled completely.
5. What's the purpose of mentioning her P.E.class in her 7th year？ ______
A. To bring back her memory.
B. To thank her teacher.
C. To show she was not good at athletics.
D. To introduce her class.
6. What is the husband's attitude toward the author's running？ ______
A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Opposing. D. Sympathetic.
7. What can we learn from the story？ ______
A. Every coin has two sides.
B. A winner is one with strong wills.
C. Life is a journey，not the destination.
D. Family members play an important role.
C
Our life will probably be very different in 2050.First of all，it seems that TV channels will have vanished by 2050.Instead，people will choose a program from a " menu" ，and the computer will send the program directly to the television.By 2050，music，films，programs，newspapers and books will come to us in the similar way.
In many places，agriculture is developing quickly and people are growing fruit and vegetables for export.This uses a lot of water.Therefore，there could be serious shortages of water.Some scientists predict that water shortage could lead to more severe problems if we don't act now.
In the future，cars will run on new clean fuels，and they will go very fast.Cars will have computers to control the speed.Today many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are.By 2050，the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination.Also，by 2050，space planes will fly people from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just two hours.
Some big companies now prefer to use robots that do not ask for pay rises or go on strike and work 24 hours a day.They are also easy to control.And they never argue with people.They can be easily used in a variety of places—factories，schools，hospitals，shops and homes.
Scientists will have discovered how to control genes.Scientists have already produced clones of animals.By 2050，scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look and how they behave.Scientists will be able to do these things.But should they？
8. What does the word"vanished" underlined in Paragraph 1 mean？ ______
A. Disappeared. B. Spread. C. Settled. D. Reduced.
9. Which is not the reason for robots' being preferred？ ______
A. They are controllable.
B. They have much to be improved.
C. They can work in different places.
D. They can work for humans without complaining.
10. What can we infer from the last paragraph？ ______
A. The author may want to use cloning technology.
B. The author probably disagrees with the idea of human cloning.
C. The scientists have already discovered how to control genes till now.
D. The scientists will face many difficulties of controlling animal genes.
11. What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. High tech Cars B. Robots
C. Cloning，Good or Not D. Life in the Future
D
What kind of food do astronauts eat in space？This is a question that will confuse many，as people rarely think of that.In the early space- travel years，astronauts ate dehydrated （脱水的） foods through straws （吸管）.In today' s space age，the food that they eat is totally different.They eat food in the same way as people do on Earth.
Astronauts are able to prepare and eat a variety of foods in space.Some can be eaten in their natural form，like fruits，while some need to add water，like noodles.However，there are no refrigerators，so the food has to be prepared and eaten without being stored for a long time.When the astronauts are hungry，they simply eat the food by opening the food packages and with a fork，knife，and spoon.
Just like people on Earth，astronauts also eat three meals a day which include breakfast，lunch and dinner.Sometimes they also eat snacks.The US space agency NASA has found out that an astronaut' s diet reduced by about 70% on a space （任务），though he has a wide range of foods to choose from like nuts，chicken，beef，seafood，and candies.Drinks in the spaceship include coffee，tea，juice，and lemonade.
Astronauts can also request a particular food that they would like to have in space.Scientists are always experimenting and trying out different space foods that can be offered to astronauts when on space missions.
12. How did astronauts eat in the early space- travel years？ ______
A. They ate dehydrated foods.
B. They ate food with a lot of water.
C. They had totally different foods.
D. They ate food as people did on Earth.
13. Why cannot the food be stored in space for a long time？ ______
A. Because of no water.
B. Because of no air.
C. Because astronauts are more hungry than on Earth.
D. Because there are no refrigerators.
14. What' s the main purpose of writing the passage？ ______
A. To analyse astronauts' work.
B. To introduce astronauts' food.
C. To describe astronauts' mission.
D. To explain astronauts' experiment.
15. Where can the text be found？ ______
A. In a history book. B. In a novel.
C. In a science journal. D. In a biography.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
When you meet someone for the first time，you want to leave him or her a good impression.You want to say all the perfect things at all the right times.However，it' s not just your mouth doing the talking—the way you hold yourself is just as important. （1） ______
Nod and smile when necessary.These nonverbal（非语言的） signs can show the other person that you' re fully involved in what he or she is saying，and in agreement.Try nodding three times to show that you' re really absorbing what she is saying. （2） ______ If you just turn up the corners of your mouth but your eyes stay the same，you could be seen as insincere.
（ 3） ______ Don' t be obvious，but try to match her body language and facial expression.By doing this，you' ll help the other person feel comfortable towards you.This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person' s good will towards the person mirroring her.If she' s leaning on a wall，lean on the wall.If she has crossed her arms，cross your arms.（4） ______
Laugh truly.Even if you' re in a formal setting，if the other person has clearly said something that was intended to raise a laugh，laugh!（5） ______ And this can also show her that you' re listening to what she is saying.Avoid laughing out of nerves or because you have nothing to say.

A.Don' t keep your arms crossed.
B.Mirror the person you' re speaking with.
C.It' s an easy technique that can often pay off.
D.Show him or her that you have a sense of humor.
E.Avoid touching your hair or adjusting your clothing.
F.When it comes to smiling，make sure it reaches your eyes!
G.Here are some tips on body language to help communicate with others.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Molly is an artist.She shares her talent with others，taking groups on field trips （实地考察）around various（1） ______ in New York City，enjoying the company of a variety of people as she catches the（2） ______ of the city.
When Molly returned home one night，she didn't （3） ______ that somewhere along the day' s painting journey，she had（4） ______ her wedding ring.
Then，at 3：30 in the morning，she sat up in bed，panicked at the feel of her（5） ______ left ring finger.She tried not to（6） ______ her husband up but was caught heading out the door.When Molly admitted what had（7） ______ ， her husband got out of bed，and both of them went out to（8） ______ dustbins.
The last place she remembered the ring on her finger was in Batter Park，when she was washing up.All the garbage cans had already been emptied（9） ______ they got there.Feeling（10） ______ ，Molly had no choice but to write a note and put it on the windshield（挡风玻璃） of a nearby garbage truck，（11） ______ that someone might provide （12） ______ . " Help，" the note read. " I believe my wedding ring might be in this truck." That was all she could do.
An employee named Gary Gaddist （13） ______ the note in the early morning.He gave Molly a call，and she explained the whole （14） ______ .
" I had to go to Randall' s Island where the garbage trucks gathered，and when I got there，I （15） ______ the note to the guys，" Gary recalled.They（16） ______ at him，" If you want to seek a needle（针） in a haystack（干草堆），go ahead.It' s just （17） ______ ."
At 8：00 that morning，Gary called Molly with the fantastic （18） ______ .She burst into tears and took a taxi to meet Gary.When asked why he would take the（19） ______ time to help out a stranger，Gary （20） ______ said，" I could tell she and her husband love each other.I' m glad I could help."
21.  A. cities B. places C. stages D. experiments
22.  A. problem B. pace C. beauty D. change
23.  A. realize B. admit C. mind D. understand
24.  A. replaced B. polished C. recovered D. lost
25.  A. injured B. bare C. rough D. flexible
26.  A. cheat B. scare C. wake D. blame
27.  A. happened B. appeared C. survived D. improved
28.  A. dominate B. arrange C. paint D. search
29.  A. by means of B. by the time C. by the way D. by nature
30.  A. desperate B. calm C. curious D. encouraged
31.  A. wondering B. knowing C. seeing D. expecting
32.  A. defence B. sympathy C. assistance D. evidence
33.  A. discovered B. recognized C. missed D. posted
34.  A. adventure B. trick C. story D. line
35.  A. sent B. showed C. lent D. returned
36.  A. stared B. laughed C. looked D. gazed
37.  A. unfair B. unimportant C. uncomfortable D. impossible
38.  A. news B. truck C. needle D. haystack
39.  A. regular B. pleasant C. extra D. same
40.  A. impolitely B. sadly C. awkwardly D. simply
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. China' s double- reduction policies，（1） ______ is aimed at easing education- related pressure，are effective，according to the figures based on the feedback from 108，000 primary and middle schools across the country about changes ever since the reforms.
Among the respondents（调查对象），96.3% said they are providing after- school services（2） ______ （ benefit） working parents.More than 77 million students have signed up for such services.
Fifty- seven million parents（3） ______ （involve） in a random survey.99.6% said that thanks（4） ______ the policies，they are bearing fewer responsibilities such as checking（5） ______ （they） children' s homework.As many as 97.5% expressed they were（6） ______ （satisfy）with the policies.
As part of the reforms ，the government has sought to greatly reduce the amount of time young students spend（7） ______ （attend） extracurricular（课外的） courses，a source of concern for parents who feared their child would fall behind their peers if they didn't take additional classes.
In another survey （8） ______ （conduct） by the Communist Youth League and China Youth Daily，the majority of the parents said their various education- related anxieties had been eased.
In（9） ______ word，double- reduction policies have worked since they were rolled out，which meets people' s high（10） ______ （expectation） of education.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 下面短文中有 10 处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（˄），并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每句不超过两个错误；
（2）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词，只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
When I am young，I often heard a sentence from my parents，"Honesty is the best policy." I didn't quite understand its meaning until one day I broke one of our classroom window after the school.Feeling nervous，I looked around and found nobody saw it.Then I hurried home but told my family happy about my" good luck" .However，my father seriously said to me，" Honesty is the best policy.You broke the window，so you should be responsibly for it." The next day，I went to apologise my teacher.Instead of blame me，my teacher praised me for my honesty，which taught myself an important lesson.Since then，the sentence had been rooted in my heart.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 David 来信说在汉语学习上遇到了困难，感到苦恼，为此写信向你求助。请根据以下信息，用英语给他回信。
要点包括：
（1）表示安慰；
（2）提出建议；
（3）表达期望。
注意：
（1）100 词左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数；
（3）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear David，
___________

Yours， Li Hua

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Special carriages部分第二句It's wider and has Braille everywhere which greatly helps the blind to read easily.There is also a barrier-free （无障碍的） toilet with an SOS button.（它更宽，到处都有盲文，这大大帮助盲人轻松阅读。还有一个带SOS按钮的无障碍厕所）可知，特殊车厢对残疾乘客是友好的。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Safe bags部分前三句A small smart card can be tied to your luggage.It connects to your phone through Bluetooth.In this way，you can always know where your luggage is.（一张小智能卡可以绑在你的行李上。它通过蓝牙连接到您的手机。这样，你就可以随时知道你的行李在哪里）可知，你只需在包上绑一张智能卡就可以轻松拿到包。故选C。
（3）主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句The Bejing Zhangiakou High-speed railway plays a very important part in many aspects.（京张高速铁路在许多方面发挥着非常重要的作用）"和最后一句"The trains are well designed and have the following advantages：（这些列车设计精良，有以下优点：）及全文可知，文章主要是介绍高速列车的优点。故选 C。
本文是一篇新闻报道。北京冬奥会非常成功，京张高速铁路在许多方面发挥着非常重要的作用，文章介绍了该列车的诸多优点。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】A、C、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Today I still remember my first marathon （马拉松）.Just one month before it，one of my ankles （脚踝） was injured，which meant I can not run in the following two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.（今天我仍然记得我的第一次马拉松。就在一个月前，我的一个脚踝受伤了，这意味着我在接下来的两周内不能跑步，我只有两周的时间训练。）可知，在作者参加马拉松前一个月，作者的脚踝受伤了。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do very well. （我记得我在学校七年级的时候。在我的第一节体育课上，老师要求我们先跑几圈，然后再打垒球。我表现得不太好。）可知，作者提到自己七年级的体育课是为了告诉读者自己不太擅长运动。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段As I approached mile 23，I could see my husband waving a sign.He is my biggest fan.He never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running.（当我快到23英里时，我看到我丈夫在挥舞着一个标志牌。他是我最忠实的粉丝。他从不介意凌晨四点的闹钟响，也从不质疑我跑步的费用。）可知，作者的丈夫对作者跑步非常支持。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章第二段I didn't do very well.He later told me that I was" not athletic". （我表现不太好。他后来告诉我，我"不擅长运动"。）以及第三段The idea that I was" not athletic" stuck in my mind for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized that running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of my wills! （我"不擅长运动"的想法在我脑海中挥之不去多年。当我30多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是一场与自己的战斗，而不是竞争，也不是我是否擅长运动。这一切都是关于我与自己的身体和思想的斗争。考验我的意志！）可知，作者一开始由于老师对自己的评价一直根深蒂固地认为自己不擅长运动，而后来作者开始跑步，才明白，其实运动只是考验一个人的意志。根据文章最后一段Determined to be myself and move forward，free of shame and （世俗标签），I can now call myself a" marathon winner".（我决心做我自己，勇往直前，不在乎世俗标签，现在我可以称自己为"马拉松赢家"。）可知，作者认为胜者指的是意志坚强的人。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆了自己小时候由于听到老师对自己的评价从而认定自己不擅长运动，后来作者开始尝试跑步，并意识到运动其实是与自己的意志作斗争。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】A、B、B、D
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。根据第一段Instead，people will choose a program from a "menu"，and the computer will send the program directly to the television.（相反，人们将从"菜单"中选择一个节目，然后计算机将节目直接发送到电视上）可知，电视频道将不复存在。所以划线单词词义和"消失、不存在"相关。A.Disappeared 消失、失踪；B.Spread 蔓延；C.Settled 定居、解决；D.Reduced 减少。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段Some big companies now prefer to use robots that do not ask for pay rises or go on strike and work 24 hours a day.They are also easy to control.And they never argue with people.They can be easily used in a variety of places—factories，schools，hospitals，shops and homes.（一些大公司现在更喜欢使用不要求加薪或罢工、一天24小时工作的机器人。它们也很容易控制。它们从不与人争吵。它们可以很容易地用于各种各样的地方------工厂、学校、医院、商店和家庭）可知，大公司喜欢用机器人是因为机器人可控制、不与人争论，还可以用于各种地方。所以，没有提到的原因是选项B"他们有很多需要改进的地方。"。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段By 2050，scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look and how they behave.Scientists will be able to do these things.But should they？（到2050年，科学家将能够制造克隆人，并决定他们的长相和行为方式。科学家将能够做这些事情。但他们应该这样做吗？）可知，作者认为科学家们能克隆人，并能决定他们的长相和行为方式，但是却发出反问"他们应该这样做吗？"由此判断作者不赞成克隆人类。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Our life will probably be very different in 2050.First of all，it seems that TV channels will have vanished by 2050.（到2050年，我们的生活可能会大不相同。首先，电视频道似乎将在2050年消失）、第二段Some scientists predict that water shortage could lead to more severe problems if we don't act now.（一些科学家预测，如果我们现在不采取行动，水资源短缺可能会导致更严重的问题）、第三段In the future，cars will run on new clean fuels，and they will go very fast.（在未来，汽车将使用新的清洁燃料，而且速度很快。汽车将有电脑来控制速度）、第四段Some big companies now prefer to use robots that do not ask for pay rises or go on strike and work 24 hours a day. （一些大公司现在更喜欢使用不要求加薪或罢工、一天24小时工作的机器人）以及最后一段Scientists will have discovered how to control genes.（科学家们将发现如何控制基因）可知，本文主要畅想了未来的生活。所以D项"Life in the Future（未来的生活）"作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
本文为一篇说明文。文章主要畅想了到2050年人们的生活会发生什么变化。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

12~15.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段In the early space-travel years，astronauts ate dehydrated （脱水的） foods through straws （吸管）. （在早期的太空旅行中，宇航员通过吸管吃脱水食物。）可知，早期的宇航员通过吸管吃脱水食物，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段However，there are no refrigerators，so the food has to be prepared and eaten without being stored for a long time.（然而，没有冰箱，所以食物必须在不储存很长时间的情况下准备和食用。）可知，食物不能储存很久是因为没有冰箱，故选D。
（3）写作目的题。根据第一段What kind of food do astronauts eat in space？This is a question that will confuse many，as people rarely think of that.In the early space-travel years，astronauts ate dehydrated （脱水的） foods through straws （吸管）.In today's space age，the food that they eat is totally different.They eat food in the same way as people do on Earth.（宇航员在太空中吃什么食物？这是一个会让很多人感到困惑的问题，因为人们很少想到这一点。在早期的太空旅行中，宇航员通过吸管吃脱水食物。在今天的太空时代，他们吃的食物已经完全不同了。他们吃东西的方式和地球上的人一样。）以及第二段Astronauts are able to prepare and eat a variety of foods in space.（宇航员能够在太空中准备和吃各种各样的食物。）和第三段Just like people on Earth，astronauts also eat three meals a day which include breakfast，lunch and dinner.（就像地球上的人一样，宇航员也吃一日三餐，包括早餐、午餐和晚餐。）可知，本篇文章主要是介绍了宇航员在太空中的饮食，故选B。
（4）文章出处题。根据第一段What kind of food do astronauts eat in space？This is a question that will confuse many，as people rarely think of that.In the early space-travel years，astronauts ate dehydrated （脱水的） foods through straws （吸管）.In today's space age，the food that they eat is totally different.They eat food in the same way as people do on Earth.（宇航员在太空中吃什么食物？这是一个会让很多人感到困惑的问题，因为人们很少想到这一点。在早期的太空旅行中，宇航员通过吸管吃脱水食物。在今天的太空时代，他们吃的食物已经完全不同了。他们吃东西的方式和地球上的人一样。）以及最后一段Astronauts can also request a particular food that they would like to have in space.Scientists are always experimenting and trying out different space foods that can be offered to astronauts when on space missions.（宇航员还可以要求他们想在太空中吃的特定食物。科学家们一直在试验不同的太空食物，以便在执行太空任务时提供给宇航员。）可知，这篇文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空如何吃东西，以及可以吃什么食物。这些都是和科学相关，所以这篇文章应该是选自科学杂志。A.In a history book在一本历史书上；B.In a novel在一本小说上；C.In a science journal在一本科学杂志上；D.In a biography在一本生物书上。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宇航员在太空中如何吃东西，以及吃什么东西。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

16~20.【答案】G、F、B、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文However，it's not just your mouth doing the talking — the way you hold yourself is just as important.Here are some tips on body language to show positivity and kindness in communication with others.（然而，说话的不仅仅是你的嘴巴ーー你控制自己的方式也同样重要。）以及下文的标题可知，此处说的是交流的一些技巧，G选项"Here are some tips on body language to help communicate with others.这里有一些关于肢体语言的建议，可以帮助你在与他人交流时表现出积极和友好的一面"符合语境。故选G。
（2）细节理解题。根据下文If you turn up the corners of your mouth but your eyes stay the same，you could come off as insincere.（如果你嘴角上扬，但眼睛不变，你可能会显得不真诚。）可知，本句是在说明微笑时，眼睛应当如何行动。选项中的关键词"reaches your eyes"与下文"eyes"属于同一话题，F选项"When it comes to smiling，make sure it reaches your eyes!当微笑时，一定要让它触及你的眼睛！"符合语境。故选F。
（3）主旨大意题。根据下文Don't be obvious，but try to match her body language and facial expression.By doing this，you'll help the other person feel comfortable toward you.This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person's good will toward the person mirroring her.（不要表现得太明显，但是试着去匹配她的肢体语言和面部表情。通过这样做，你会帮助别人对你感到舒服。这种镜像技巧甚至被证明可以增加一个人对镜像她的人的好感。）可知，此处表示镜像技术，B选项"Mirror the person you' re speaking with.镜像与您交谈的人。"是整段的概括，符合语境。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据上文This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person's good will toward the person mirroring her.（这种镜像技巧甚至被证明可以增加一个人对镜像她的人的好感。）可知，本句是对上文提到的技术的评价：这是一种很简单的方法，但往往很有效，C选项中的关键词"technique"与上文属于同一话题。C选项"It' s an easy technique that can often pay off.这是一种很简单的方法，但往往很有效"。符合语境，故选C。
（5）推理判断题。根据下文And this can also show her that you're listening to what she is saying.Avoid laughing out of nerves or because you have nothing to say. （这也可以让她知道你在听她说话。避免因为紧张或者无话可说而大笑。）可知，本句是在说明如何做可以让对方知道你在听她说话：向他或她展示你有幽默感。D选项中"her"与下文的"she"属于同一话题顺理成章。D选项"Show him or her that you have a sense of humor.向他或她展示你有幽默感。"符合语境，故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一些肢体语言的技巧，可以在与他人交流时表现出积极和友善。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~40.【答案】B、C、A、D、B、C、A、D、B、B、D、C、A、C、B、B、D、A、C、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.cities城市；B.places地方；C.stages舞台；D.experiments实验。句意：她与他人分享自己的才华，带着团队在纽约市的各个地方进行实地考察，在捕捉这座城市之美的同时，享受着各种各样的人的陪伴。根据后文"When Molly returned home one night，she didn't （3）that somewhere along the day' s painting journey"可知是带着团队在纽约市的各个地方进行实地考察，故选B。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.problem问题；B.pace步速；C.beauty美丽；D.change改变。句意：她与他人分享自己的才华，带着团队在纽约市的各个地方进行实地考察，在捕捉这座城市之美的同时，享受着各种各样的人的陪伴。根据上文"enjoying the company of a variety of people as she catches the"可知，她在享受生活的积极方面，即：在捕捉这座城市之美的同时，享受着各种各样的人的陪伴。故选C。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.realize意识到；B.admit承认；C.mind介意；D.understand理解。句意：一天晚上，当丹妮尔回到家时，她没有意识到在这一天的绘画之旅中，她把结婚戒指丢了。后文的从句"somewhere along the day's painting journey"是指她没有意识到自己把戒指丢了。故选A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.replaced代替；B.polished擦亮；C.recovered恢复；D.lost丢失。句意：一天晚上，当丹妮尔回到家时，她没有意识到在这一天的绘画之旅中，她把结婚戒指丢了。根据后文"left ring finger"提到了他们开始找戒指，说明戒指丢了。故选D。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.injured受伤的；B.bare光秃的；C.rough艰苦的；D.flexible灵活的。句意：然后，在凌晨三点半，她从床上坐了起来，被自己光秃的左手无名指的触感吓坏了。结合上文可知她的戒指丢了，所以左手无名指是光秃的，没有戒指。故选B。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.cheat欺骗；B.scare惊吓；C.wake唤醒；D.blame责备。句意：她试图不吵醒她的丈夫，但正要出门时还是被丈夫发现了。根据后文"her husband but was caught heading out the door"可知，but表示转折，说明她试图不吵醒她的丈夫，但正要出门时还是被丈夫发现了。故选C。
 （7）考查动词及语境理解。A.happened发生；B.appeared出现；C.survived幸存；D.improved改善。句意：当丹妮尔承认所发生的事情时，她的丈夫下了床，两个人出去搜查垃圾箱。根据上文"When Danielle admitted what had"指承认所发生的事情，即戒指丢失。故选A。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.dominate统治；B.arrange安排；C.paint绘画；D.search搜索。句意：当丹妮尔承认所发生的事情时，她的丈夫下了床，两个人出去搜查垃圾箱。根据后文dustbins可知两人去垃圾桶里找戒指了。故选D。
（9）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.by means of借助于；B.by the time到……的时候为止；C.by the way顺便说一下；D.by nature本质上。句意：他们到那里的时候，所有的垃圾桶都已经清空了。根据上文"All the garbage cans had already been"指他们到那里的时候垃圾桶被清空了，故选B。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.desperate绝望的；B.calm平静的；C.curious好奇的；D.encouraged受鼓舞的。句意：丹妮尔保持冷静，她写了一张纸条，贴在附近一辆垃圾车的挡风玻璃上，希望有人能提供帮助。根据后文"Danielle wrote a note"可知，她保持冷静，写了一张纸条。故选B。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.wondering想知道；B.knowing知道；C.seeing看到；D.expecting期望。句意：丹妮尔保持冷静，她写了一张纸条，贴在附近一辆垃圾车的挡风玻璃上，希望有人能提供帮助。根据后文"garbage truck，hoping that someone might provide"可知，她写了一张纸条，贴在附近一辆垃圾车的挡风玻璃上，希望有人能提供帮助。故选D。
 （12）考查名词及语境理解。A.defence防御；B.sympathy同情；C.assistance帮助；D.evidence证据。句意：丹妮尔保持冷静，她写了一张纸条，贴在附近一辆垃圾车的挡风玻璃上，希望有人能提供帮助。根据上文"hoping that someone might provide"指希望有人提供帮助，帮自己找到戒指。故选C。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.discovered发现；B.recognized辨认；C.missed错过；D.posted张贴。句意：一位名叫加里•加德迪的员工在清晨发现了这张字条。根据后文"the note in the early morning"指发现字条，应用discover。故选A。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.adventure冒险；B.trick诡计；C.story故事，事情的经过；D.line台词。句意：他给丹妮尔打了个电话，她解释了整个过程。根据上文"He gave Danielle a call，and she explained the whole"可知，丹妮尔给员工解释了事情的经过。故选C。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.sent发送；B.showed展示；C.lent借给；D.returned返回。句意："我不得不去兰德尔斯岛，当我到了那里，我把那张纸条给他们看，"加里回忆道。根据后文"the note to the guys"指把纸条展示给其他人看。故选B。
（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.stared（at）盯着看；B.laughed（at）嘲笑；C.looked（at）看着；D.gazed（at）凝视。句意：其他人嘲笑他说"如果你想大海捞针，那就去吧"。根据下文" If you want to seek a needle（针） in a haystack（干草堆），go ahead.It' s just （17）可知，其他人嘲笑加里。故选B。
（17）考查形容词及语境理解。A.unfair不公平的；B.unimportant不重要的；C.uncomfortable不舒服的；D.impossible不可能的。句意：其他人嘲笑他说"如果你想大海捞针，那就去吧！这是不可能的。"根据上文"If you want to seek a needle in a haystack，go ahead.（如果你想大海捞针，那就去吧）"可知，别人都认为找到戒指是大海捞针，是不可能的。故选D。
（18）考查名词及语境理解。A.news消息；B.truck卡车；C.needle针；D.haystack干草堆。句意：那天早上8点，加里打电话给丹妮尔，告诉她这个好消息。根据后文"She burst into tears and took a cab to meet Gary.（她突然大哭起来，坐出租车去见加里）"可推知，加里找到了戒指，即告诉了好消息。故选A。
（19）考查形容词及语境理解。A.regular定期的；B.pleasant快乐的；C.extra额外的；D.same同样的。句意：当被问及为什么要花额外的时间帮助一个陌生人时，加里只是说："我看得出她和她的丈夫彼此相爱。"加里花费额外的时间帮助别人找到了戒指。故选C。
（20）考查副词及语境理解。A.impolitely不礼貌地；B.sadly悲伤地；C.awkwardly尴尬地；D.simply仅仅。句意：当被问及为什么要花额外的时间帮助一个陌生人时，加里只是说："我看得出她和她的丈夫彼此相爱。"根据后文"I could tell she and her husband love each other.I'm glad I could help.（我能看出来她和她丈夫深爱着对方。我很高兴能帮上忙）"可知，加里帮助了别人，但只是简单地陈述了帮助别人的理由。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位艺术家在户外写生的时候，不小心把结婚戒指丢了，直到夜里才发现。夫妻二人赶紧去公园打算在垃圾桶里找，但垃圾桶已经被清空了。最终，一位处理垃圾的员工不辞劳苦地找到了戒指。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。

41.【答案】【小题1】which
【小题2】to benefit
【小题3】were involved
【小题4】to
【小题5】their
【小题6】satisfied
【小题7】attending
【小题8】conducted
【小题9】a
【小题10】expectations
【解析】（1）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：根据来自全国10.8万所中小学关于改革以来变化的反馈数据，中国旨在缓解教育相关压力的双减政策是有效的。这里为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为"China's double-reduction policies"，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（2）考查动词不定式。句意：在调查对象中，96.3%的人回答说，他们提供课外服务以便利需要工作的父母。这里为非谓语担当目的状语，用不定式形式。故填to benefit。
（3）考查动词时态和语态。句意：5700万家长参与了一项随机调查。be involved in，意为"参与"，是固定短语；这里为本句谓语动词，陈述已经发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填were involved。
（4）考查固定搭配。句意：99.6%的家长表示，多亏了这些政策，他们承担的检查孩子作业等责任减少了。固定搭配thanks to，意为"多亏了"。故填to。
（5）考查形容词性物主代词。句意：99.6%的家长表示，多亏了这些政策，他们承担的检查孩子作业等责任减少了。根据空后的"children"可知，空处为形容词性物主代词。故填their。
（6）考查形容词。句意：高达97.5%的受访者表示对这些政策满意。这里为形容词担当表语，satisfy的形容词有：satisfied，意为"感到满意的"，常修饰人；satisfactory，意为"令人满意的"，常修饰物。本句主语为they，意为"感到满意的"。故填satisfied。
（7）考查动名词。句意：作为改革的一部分，政府试图大幅减少年轻学生参加课外课程的时间，这引起了家长们的担忧，他们担心如果孩子不参加额外的课程，就会落后于同龄人。短语：spend…（in） doing sth，意为"花费时间做某事"，因此空处用所给词的动名词形式作表语。故填attending。
（8）考查过去分词。句意：在共青团和《中国青年报》进行的另一项调查中，大多数家长表示，他们与教育有关的各种焦虑得到了缓解。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词survey之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填conducted。
（9）考查冠词。句意：总而言之，"双减"政策自推出以来取得了成效，满足了人们对教育的高期望。in a word"总而言之"是固定短语。故填a。
（10）考查可数名词的复数。句意：总而言之，"双减"政策自推出以来取得了成效，满足了人们对教育的高期望。名词expectation意为"期望"时为可数名词，并且常用复数形式。故填expectations。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了根据来自全国10.8万所中小学关于改革以来变化的反馈数据，这些数据表明中国旨在缓解教育相关压力的双减政策是有效的。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

42.【答案】When I  am young，I often heard a sentence from my parents，"Honesty is the best policy." I didn't quite understand its meaning until one day I broke one of our classroom  window after the school.Feeling nervous，I looked around and found nobody saw it.Then I hurried home  but told my family  happy about my" good luck" .However，my father seriously said to me，" Honesty is the best policy.You broke the window，so you should be  responsibly for it." The next day，I went to apologise ∧my teacher.Instead of  blame me，my teacher praised me for my honesty，which taught  myself an important lesson.Since then，the sentence  had been rooted in my heart.
详解：
1.考查时态及主谓一致。句意：在我小的时候，我经常从父母那里听到一句话：诚为上策。根据语境及主句谓语动词heard可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语为I，be动词应用was，故am改为was。
2.考查可数名词复数。句意：我不太明白它的意思，直到有一天放学后，我打破了我们教室的一扇窗户。window"窗户"是可数名词，one of...意为"......之一"，其后应用可数名词的复数形式。故window改为windows。
3.考查冠词。句意：我不太明白它的意思，直到有一天放学后，我打破了我们教室的一扇窗户。根据句意表示"放学后"应用短语after school。故去掉school前的the。
4.考查连词。句意：然后我赶回家，高兴地告诉我的家人我的"好运"。根据句意可知，前后文之间为顺承关系，而非转折关系，故应用连词and。故but改为and。
5.考查副词。句意：然后我赶回家，高兴地告诉我的家人我的"好运"。分析可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词told。故happy改为happily。
6.考查形容词。句意：然而，我的父亲认真地对我说："诚为上策。你打破了窗户，所以你应该对此负责。"分析可知，此处应用形容词作表语，be responsible for"对......负责"。故responsibly改为responsible。
7.考查介词。句意：第二天，我去向老师道歉。根据句意可知，此处表示"向某人道歉"，短语为apologise to sb.。故在apologise后加to。
8.考查动名词。句意：老师不但没有责备我，反而表扬了我的诚实，这给我上了重要的一课。分析可知，介词of后应用动名词形式作宾语，故blame改为blaming。
9.考查代词。句意：老师不但没有责备我，反而表扬了我的诚实，这给我上了重要的一课。根据句意可知，此处指这件事给作者上了重要的一课，主语与宾语不是同一个，故应用me代指"我"。故myself改为me。
10.考查时态及主谓一致。句意：从那以后，这句话就在我心里扎了根。根据时间状语since then可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语the sentence为单数，助动词应用has。故had改为has。
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候打破窗户勇于承认的事情。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。

43.【答案】Dear David，
I'm sorry to hear you've encountered some setbacks in learning Chinese.I can totally relate to your feelings.（表示理解）
In my experience，priority should be given to developing an interest，which can serve as your biggest motivation in learning a second language.【高分句型一】Therefore，books and magazines in Chinese and Chinese original radio are highly recommended.Of secondary importance is a language partner，with whom you can improve your Chinese through vocabulary accumulation.【高分句型二】（提出建议）
I have the confident that you'll rise to all the challenges as long as you find the proper ways.（表达期望）
                                                                                                                                  Yours，
                                                                                                                                  Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：In my experience，priority should be given to developing an interest，which can serve as your biggest motivation in learning a second language.
翻译：根据我的经验，应该优先培养兴趣，这可以成为你学习第二语言的最大动机。
分析：本句使用了which引导的非限定性定语从句。
高分句型二：Of secondary importance is a language partner，with whom you can improve your Chinese through vocabulary accumulation.
翻译：第二重要的是一个语言伙伴，与他一起你可以通过词汇积累来提高你的汉语水平。
分析：运用了"介词with+关系代词whom"引导非限定性定语从句。
此类作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。