2023北京东城高二（上）期末英语（教师版）

这是一份2023北京东城高二（上）期末英语（教师版），共17页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023北京东城高二（上）期末
英 语
本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用 (共三节，共42分)
第一节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
At Lucky Candy, a small neighborhood store, customers are in for a lucky treat.
Ahmed Alwan, a cashier of the store, invented a game that’s since gone viral: if ___1___ correctly answer his math questions, they are able to grab as many items as possible in five seconds—all for ___2___. Alwan came up with the idea to primarily ___3___“low-income community members” and he himself ends up paying for whatever the winners collect.
For Alwan, 23, joy is essential as breakfast—but regulars at his family’s corner store sometimes ___4___ both. “This neighborhood has a lot of poor people,” he says. “They’ve known me since I was a little kid. I know most of them by name. I see people—some of whom are ___5___ customers—sleeping on the train. I used to give them buttered rolls, coffee and bananas in the morning to ___6___ their days.”
A fan of math throughout high school and college, Alwan thought of the way to combine his love of entertaining and altruism (利他主义) into the game to go on helping people and keep their ___7___ skills sharp too.
So how does all the gift ___8___ and problem solving affect the store’s profits?
Alwan said it hasn’t affected the family business negatively.
“It’s out of my own ___9___,” he said. He recently launched a GoFundMe page on the Internet to raise funds for the game as well.
If the equation (方程式) for happiness equals kindness plus ____10____, Alwan has already solved it.
1. A. shoppers B. cashiers C. owners D. witnesses
2. A. fun B. good C. free D. love
3. A. choose B. help C. educate D. gather
4. A. insist on B. live off C. adjust to D. struggle for
5. A. potential B. close C. extraordinary D. domestic
6. A. clarify B. guide C. evaluate D. brighten
7. A. trading B. verbal C. math D. reading
8. A. exchanging B. making C. designing D. giving
9. A. pocket B. need C. control D. head
10. A. modesty B. generosity C. honesty D. bravery
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Charlie Chaplin is a household name around the world. He ___11___ (regard) as one of the best comedy actors. People of all ages can be made laugh heartily by his performances. In my opinion, the ___12___ (funny) thing of all about Charlie Chaplin was the way he walked when he was acting as the Tramp, ___13___ is a poor man with a kind heart and often has unexpected adventures ___14___ (involve) the police. The Tramp is a symbol of the silent cinema.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Last Saturday, I went to the school sports field to watch the final of the 4×100-metre relay at our annual sports tournament. ___15___ the race, everyone was quiet and still. When the runners set off, everyone went wild! We all stood up and started shouting. It was like being hit by a huge wave of ___16___ (excite). The race was all over in just one minute. When the first runner ___17___ (cross) the finish line, everyone was on their feet, cheering.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However ___18___ concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvest and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. Yuan Longping overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice for farming in 1974.
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops ___19___ (generate) from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Yuan’s innovation ___20___ (help) feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam.
第三节 (共4小题;每小题3分，共12分)
根据中文意思和括号内所给的提示词，翻译下面句子。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
21. 这是一个奇妙无比的、对每个人都有吸引力的主题公园。 (appeal to)
This is an incredible theme park ________.
22. “一个成功课堂的关键是让学生参与进来。”那位教授说。(be crucial to...)
“________ a successful classroom is to involve students,” the professor said.
23. 刚才我打电话给史密斯先生，感谢他劝说我儿子改掉那个坏习惯。(persuade, quit)
Just now I made a call to thank Mr. Smith for ________.
24. 微笑可以打破隔阂是一个普遍真理。(break down barriers)
It is a universal truth ________.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，共28分)
第一节 (共9小题;每小题2分，共18分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Accommodation is available for Alt University students in a number of dorms (宿舍) for girls and boys as separated. These dorms are located in Matbey campus and are designed to provide a clean, comfortable, secure and civilized environment for the students.
♦ FEE STRUCTURE
Room Type
Annual Rate (9 months)
Per Semester
Description
Single Room
$3,750
$1,875
Front view (14 m2)
Single Room
$3,550
$1,775
Front view (10 m2)
Single Room
$3,450
$1,725
Back view (14 m2)
Triple Room
$2,250
$1,125
Back view (30 m2)
Quadruple Room
$2,450
$1,225
Front view (32 m2)
Quadruple Room
$2,100
$1,050
Back view (30 m2)
Room fee includes accommodation, electricity, heating and water, WiFi, cleaning services and laundry.
Room charges and meal plans are for 9 months (one academic year) or 1 semester during the study period at the university. Once students register for the dorm or meal plan, it cannot be refunded (退款) in case of canceling the stay or the meal service.
♦FACILITIES
Meal Plan:
Students can choose a meal plan including three courses in a day during their stay. For one semester it costs $810, for two semesters $1620.
Cleaning Service:
The cleaning of dorm rooms and common spaces is provided by professional cleaners.
Cooking:
Residents can either dine at the in-house restaurant or cook their own meals at the common kitchen area.
Leisure Time Activities and Relaxation:
Music room and gym are available for the use of students, free of charge.
Safety:
Alt University Dormitory offers students a safe accommodation with its 24/7 security and 24/7 available staff.
♦HOW TO APPLY?
Students can prefer to stay at the dormitory for the first semester only or two semesters both (the whole academic year). In order to make a room reservation, you should fill in the online application form.
Due to limited space, applications will be processed on a first-come first-served basis. Overseas students, students living in distance in the city and students with handicap will be given priority over the others.
25. Xie Lei is going to spend $1,200〜$1,400 on accommodation for the first semester in Alt University, what room type can she apply for?
A. Quadruple Room with front view. B. Quadruple Room with back view.
C. Single Room with front view. D. Triple Room with back view.
26. Students living in the dorm can ________.
A. use the gym at a lower price
B. enjoy free heating and water
C. cook meals in a particular area
D. stop the meal plan anytime and get the money back
27. What may help a student successfully apply for a dorm?
A. Applying for accommodation for the whole academic year.
B. Sending the application form as early as possible.
C. Applying for a dorm in a distant campus.
D. Volunteering for the dorm cleaning job.
B

Samantha Cristoforetti . 2022/10/12 …仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛，所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。Looking up, I see the immensity of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world.
The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, & indeed, this is true happiness.

ESA及另外4人

Besides ‘‘wow” and “great”, what else would you say when flying over the Earth in space? Samantha Cristoforetti, an Italian female astronaut, posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on Twitter during her mission at the International Space Station to share her joy.
She first wrote in Chinese, and then attached an accurate translation of the lines in both Italian and English to help more people understand. The text she quoted is from the Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion, a Chinese calligraphy masterpiece by Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. She also attached three photos taken in space of China’s Bohai Bay and the day-night view of Beijing.
The beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on Cristoforetti’s Twitter account. Her post went viral on Twitter with thousands of retweets, likes and replies in a few hours. “Her quotation of the lines shows that she observed the universe with the vision of Chinese civilization while observing China from space,” one user comments. “A European astronaut in space recites Chinese ancient poetry, how romantic,” says another.
Cristoforetti has been highly praised for her Chinese language skills. The Italian speaks half a dozen languages and has previously taken part in joint training between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the China Manned Space Agency. Apart from Cristoforetti, Matthias Maurer, a German astronaut from ESA who went to China together with Cristoforetti for the joint training, can also speak fluent Chinese. Since China and Europe have had friendly cooperation in the field of manned space flight, many foreign astronauts have shown great interest in learning Chinese.
ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher is positive about the unifying spirit of space exploration. He said, “Space is international. There is no way to put a boundary in space—because the space station and the satellites fly around the earth, cross boundaries, cross cultures, cross religions and different divides in terms of philosophy and history.”
While there may be many problems between nations here on Earth, in space, cooperation is strong.
28. What made Cristoforetti post the message on the Internet?
A. The desire to show off her Chinese.
B. The amazement at the view of the space.
C. The wish to work with Chinese astronauts.
D. The duty of popularizing space knowledge.
29. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Cristoforetti spread Chinese civilization on her Twitter account.
B. Cristoforetti’s success in learning Chinese encouraged others.
C. Cristoforetti’s post became a hit on the Internet.
D. Cristoforetti is a genius at learning languages.
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Space exploration settles differences between nations.
B. The longing for solving problems on Earth is universal.
C. Mastering more than one language is a trend among astronauts.
D. Cooperation in the space field bridges the gap between cultures.
C
Lighting has come a long way since Tom Edison lit his first incandescent bulb (白炽灯泡) in the 1880s. LED bulbs are popping up everywhere now, on planes, car headlights, in your phone. And engineers are exploring more ways to use LEDs—everything from wireless data streaming to secure communication systems and in-flight networking.
Engineer Harald Haas, co-founder of pureLiFi, explains how LEDs can be used to transmit information, “LEDs have the property that we can change the light that comes out of an LED very, very quickly. That change in the brightness is what we exploit in order to encode data extremely fast, so that a receiver will then see these changes in the light intensity in a way a human eye would not be able to detect. Then we have algorithms (算法) to recover these changes and get back the data stream.”
There are many advantages to using LEDs to transmit information. For one thing, LEDs can communicate much faster than WiFi. What’s more, the visible light spectrum (频谱) is about ten thousand times larger than the radio spectrum. This would allow communication systems to not only use a spectrum that’s already been set up, but vast amount of free spectrum, which is in cars, in our LED lights at home, in streetlights and so on. “It’s ubiquitous. It’s already there,” Haas says.
LiFi would also be more secure than WiFi. Because light can’t go through walls, people would not be able to log on to LiFi networks in the same way that they’re able to log on to and eavesdrop on (窃听) ongoing WiFi communications. Haas argues that LiFi would also be available in places where communication is typically difficult when we can’t use radio.
One interesting application could be to use car headlights to communicate with other drivers on the road. “We can use these LEDs to transmit data from car to car. Normally you see the car in front of you, but if you were able to relay high-definition video from, say, three cars in front of you, you could see earlier what’s happening. This is a way we can enhance safety on our roads,” Haas says.
Haas and his coworkers foresee the LED light industry changing rapidly in the near future to include additional features. “That is where LiFi plays a key role. From home sensing of interior, you’d find out if people have fallen down and the way you would navigate (导航) indoors. So many, many more applications would be possible with light,” Haas says.
31. What is essential to enable LEDs to send signals?
A. The research work by pureLiFi. B. Quickly changing light of LEDs.
C. Common use of LEDs in daily life. D. Accurate analysis of light intensity.
32. What does the sentence “It’s ubiquitous.” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. LiFi’s speed is superfast. B. LED lights are free to use.
C. LEDs are stable in quality. D. Available spectrum is everywhere.
33. Haas mentions the examples in the last two paragraphs mainly to indicate LiFi’s ________.
A. advantage in security B. mature application
C. promising prospect D. rapid upgrades
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Power in Accepting Your Errors
It pays to be kind to yourself. A new study shows that being compassionate (同情) with yourself when you make mistakes can reduce depression.
It is generally good to hold yourself to high standards and strive to do your best. But sometimes people have unrealistic views of what they should achieve. ___34___ Then when they make a mistake, they may be too unforgiving of that error. It is an unhealthy form of perfectionism. This is when a person views anything imperfect as unacceptable. ___35___
However, self-compassion can help protect people from such negative impacts, a new study finds. ___36___ “It’s often easy to say kind and supportive things to our friends when things go wrong for them,” says Madeleine Ferrari. She’s a psychologist at Australian Catholic University in Sydney. “If we can say these things to ourselves, we will still reach our goals but will have better mental health,” she says.
___37___ Ferrari’s team wanted to see if self-compassion might weaken that link. The researchers surveyed 541 teenagers and 515 adults. They asked these people to fill out a set of three questionnaires and asked the participants to rate their levels of perfectionism, depression and self-compassion.
In both groups, people who were kinder to themselves were less likely to experience sadness and depression, the researchers found. ___38___ And that could be especially true for perfectionists.
A. They set standards that are too high.
B. Even the most intelligent and productive people make mistakes.
C. This is a good example of improving and changing based on a mistake.
D. Self-compassion is treating yourself the way you would treat a good friend.
E. Such feelings can increase stress and lead to symptoms (症状) of depression.
F. So learning self-compassion could improve treatment for those with depression.
G. Previous research has shown that people who are perfectionists are more likely to become depressed.
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，共30分)
第一节 (共3小题;第39题2分，第40题3分，第41题5分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Farm Theme Parks Popular in Japan
In modern times, when we think or hear about major theme parks, what often comes to mind are successful franchises like Disneyland, Disneyworld and Universal Theme Parks. But a growing independent group of specialized theme parks in Japan are catching the attention of those who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.
For example, Namegata Farmers Village is a sweet potato theme park in Ibaraki Prefecture, an area noted for sweet potato production. “The number of sweet potato producers has dropped due to the aging population. We thought up the idea to convey the charm of agriculture to young people who moved to urban areas because they didn’t want to take over from aging farmers. We hoped to secure a stable future for sweet potatoes,” said Toshikazu Nagao, president of the village.
Namegata Farmers Village covers a total area of about 33 hectares, or 82 acres, and utilizes abandoned farmland. A former primary school is used as the main facility. The park features the Yakiimo Factory Museum, a restaurant, a direct sales shop for agricultural products and rental farmland. Classes for making sweet potato cakes are popular among families with children.
The concept of an agriculture theme park is not new in Japan. Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri Farm pioneered the concept of agricultural theme parks in the late-1980s. The farm opened in 1988 when MokuMoku Tezukuri Farm Co., an agricultural corporation, attempted to improve the added value of Iga pork, a local brand. Local beer, bread and tofu are now produced at the 14-hectare farm. Visitors can experience making sausages in a factory, enjoy being close to animals, and eat at a restaurant.
“I think farm theme parks are the future direction of agriculture. It should also lead to the preservation of the local rustic scenery (乡村风光),” Naoyuki Matsuo, president of the farm said.
Whether the theme park concept flourishing in Japan would ever work in other countries remains to be seen, but for those in Japan, at least, thinking outside the box is earning farmers and food corporations alike a good profit.
39. Who are usually attracted to farm theme parks in Japan?
__________________________________________________________
40. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The first agriculture theme park in Japan opened in 1988 with the purpose of helping young people living in urban areas know more about rural life.
__________________________________________________________
41. Naoyuki Matsuo said, “farm theme parks are the future direction of agriculture”. Do you agree with him? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________
第二节 (20分)
42. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信说他最近读了一些科学家的传记，认为科学家有很多优秀品质非常值得年轻人学习，并询问你对此观点的看法。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 赞同他观点;
2. 你从科学家身上学到的一种品质;
3. 你践行这一品质的一个事例。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案
第一部分 知识运用 (共三节，共42分)
第一节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是一名收银员Ahmed Alwan利用游戏的方式帮助附近贫困的人，他的善良和慷慨帮助别人的同时，自己也得到了幸福和快乐。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家商店的收银员Ahmed Alwan发明了一个游戏，这个游戏后来风靡一时：如果购物者正确回答了他的数学问题，他们就可以在五秒钟内抓住尽可能多的商品——所有这些都是免费的。A. shoppers顾客；B. cashiers收银员；C. owners拥有者；D. witnesses目睹者。根据首段中的“At Lucky Candy, a small neighborhood store, customers are in for a lucky treat.”可知，故事发生的背景是商店，所以此处应该是顾客。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家商店的收银员Ahmed Alwan发明了一个游戏，这个游戏后来风靡一时：如果购物者正确回答了他的数学问题，他们就可以在五秒钟内抓住尽可能多的商品——所有这些都是免费的。A. fun趣事；B. good益处；C. free免费；D. love爱。根据下文中的“he himself ends up paying for whatever the winners collect.”可知，Alwan给顾客拿的东西付账，所以此处是免费，for free意为“免费地”符合语境。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alwan提出了主要帮助“低收入社区成员”的想法，他自己最终为获奖者收集的任何东西付费。A. choose选择；B. help帮助；C. educate教育；D. gather收集，聚集。根据下文中的“Alwan thought of the way to combine his love of entertaining and altruism (利他主义) into the game to go on helping people…”可知，此处指的是Alwan帮助收入不高的人。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：对于23岁的阿尔万来说，快乐就像早餐一样必不可少，但他家街角商店的常客有时会为两者而苦恼。A. insist on坚持；B. live off依赖，靠……生活；C. adjust to适应；D. struggle for为……奋斗。根据上文中的“For Alwan, 23, joy is essential as breakfast—but regulars at his family’s corner store sometimes…”以及下文中的both，可知商店周围这些常客却为获得快乐和早餐而努力奋斗，说明周围人们的日子过的很困难。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到人们——其中一些是近处的亲密的顾客——睡在火车上。A. potential潜在的；B. close亲近的，亲密的；C. extraordinary特殊的；D. domestic国内的。根据上文中的““This neighborhood has a lot of poor people,” he says. “They’ve known me since I was a little kid. I know most of them by name.”可知，此处指的是认识他的一些常客，所以此处说亲密的顾客。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经在早上给他们黄油卷，咖啡和香蕉，以给他们的日子带来希望。A. clarify澄清；B. guide引导；C. evaluate评估；D. brighten点亮。根据上文中的“I used to give them buttered rolls, coffee and bananas in the morning…”可知，此处指的是给大家这些东西，为了让大家从一早上就有一个好心情，brighten one’s day意为“给某人带来希望或愉快”符合语境。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Alwan在整个高中和大学都是数学迷，他想办法将他对娱乐和利他主义的热爱融入到游戏中，继续帮助人们并保持他们的数学技能。A. trading交易；B. verbal口头上；C. math数学；D. reading阅读。根据上文中的“A fan of math throughout high school and college,…”可知，此处指的是使他们的数学技能得到提升。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，所有发出去的礼物和解决问题会不会影响商店的利润呢？A. exchanging交换；B. making使，制造；C. designing设计；D. giving给予。根据下文中的“…and problem solving affect the store’s profits? ”可知，and前后并列结构，后面是“解决问题”，再结合语境可知此处应为“发送礼物”。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是我自己掏腰包的，”他说。他最近在互联网上推出了一个GoFundMe页面，为游戏筹集资金。A. pocket口袋；B. need需要；C. control控制；D. head头。根据上文中的“…he himself ends up paying for whatever the winners collect. ”和“Alwan said it hasn’t affected the family business negatively.”可知，此处指的是Alwan自己掏腰包，所以不会影响家庭收入。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果幸福的方程式是善良加慷慨，那么Alwan已经解决了它。A. modesty谦虚；B. generosity慷慨；C. honesty诚实；D. bravery勇敢。结合全文语境可知，本文讲述的是Alwan以游戏的形式，免费帮助有困难的人，这表明了他的慷慨，无私和善良。故选B项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】11. is regarded
12. funniest
13. who 14. involving
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名喜剧表演艺术家卓别林及其扮演的流浪汉角色。
【11题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：他被认为是最好的喜剧演员之一。regard与主语He是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态；句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。故填is regarded 。
【12题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：在我看来，查理·卓别林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是一个穷人，但有一颗善良的心，经常有与警察有关的意想不到的冒险。根据后面“of all”可知，此处应用形容词最高级，表示很多个事情中最有趣的。故填funniest。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在我看来，查理·卓别林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是一个穷人，但有一颗善良的心，经常有与警察有关的意想不到的冒险。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Tramp，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在我看来，查理·卓别林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是一个穷人，但有一颗善良的心，经常有与警察有关的意想不到的冒险。involve与名词adventures是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作定语。故填involving。
【答案】15. Before
16. excitement
17. crossed
【解析】
【导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记录了作者上周六去学校的运动场观看了一年一度的体育锦标赛4×100-metre接力赛的决赛。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：在比赛前，每个人都很安静。根据句子结构与句意，空格部分到标点符号处是状语部分，每个人在赛前才会处于未兴奋状态，故需要填表示“在……之前”的介词。故填before。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：这就像被一股巨大的兴奋浪潮击中一样。根据句子结构与句意，空格部分前面有介词“of”，介词后需要填写名词，提示词“excite”是动词形式表示“使兴奋”，这里需要转换成为名词词性。故填excitement。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：当第一名运动员冲过终点线时，每个人都站起来欢呼。根据句子结构与句意，空格部分处于“when”引导的状语从句中，是从句中的谓语部分，根据时间标志词这是上周六的故事，因此要使用一般过去时。故填crossed。
【答案】18. what
19. gengerated
20. has help
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章简要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平以及他对世界所做出的杰出贡献。
【18题详解】
考查主语从句连接词。句意：然而，最令他担忧的是，农民往往收成不佳，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，而且意为令他担忧的“事情”，所以用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填what。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，据估计，中国国内大米消费量的60%左右是由袁隆平杂交品种生产的作物。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词comprise，所以空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，和修饰的名词crops之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填generated。
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意：袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，还帮助养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，句子为现在完成时态。主语innovation为不可数名词，谓语单数形式。故填has helped。
第三节 (共4小题;每小题3分，共12分)
根据中文意思和括号内所给的提示词，翻译下面句子。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
21. 【答案】that/which appeals to everyone
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示可知，空处可以用限制性定语从句来修饰theme park。先行词theme park，指物，应用关系代词that/which引导从句，that/which在从句中作主语。appeal to“对...有吸引力”，在定语从句中作谓语，句子时态为一般现在时态，从句主语为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。每个人用英文单词everyone。故填that/which appeals to everyone。
22. 【答案】What is crucial to
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和时态。分析句子结构可知，“_______a successful classroom”是主语，“是……的关键”为短语be crucial to，所以此处应用主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事/东西”，应用what来引导，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，句首单词首字母大写，故填What is crucial to。
23. 【答案】persuading my son to quit that bad habit
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。表示“劝说某人做某事”为persuade sb. to do sth.，其中不定式短语作宾补；表示“改掉那个坏习惯”为quit that bad habit；在介词for之后作宾语，所以persuade要用动名词形式。故填persuading my son to quit that bad habit。
24. 【答案】that a smile can break down barriers
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，句首的it作形式主语，空处应用that引导从句作真正的主语，从句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，从句主语“微笑”译为a smile，使用不定冠词表示泛指，情态动词can表示“可以”，后接动词原形形式作谓语，“打破隔阂”译为break down barriers。故填that a smile can break down barriers。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，共28分)
第一节 (共9小题;每小题2分，共18分)
【答案】25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Alt 大学的学生宿舍情况，包括费用，设施及申请方式。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中表格第三栏Per Semester(每学期)下的第五行“$1,225(1225美元)”可知，第五行对应的是“Quadruple Room(四人间房间)”和“Front view (32 m2)(阳面（32平方米）)”可知，Xie Lei预计一学期在住宿上花费1200-1400美元，所以他可以申请阳面的四人间（Quadruple Room with front view），故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据Cooking(做饭)下的“Residents can either dine at the in-house restaurant or cook their own meals at the common kitchen area.(住宿学生可以在室内餐厅用餐，也可以在公共厨房区域自己做饭。)”可知，住在宿舍的学生可以在公共厨房区域，即特定区域做饭，故选C。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Due to limited space, applications will be processed on a first-come first-served basis.(由于场地有限，申请将以先到先得方式处理。)”可知，尽早寄出申请表格将有助于学生成功申请宿舍。故选B。
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了首位进入太空的意大利女宇航员Samantha Cristoforetti在执行国际空间站任务期间，在推特上发布了著名的中国古代名篇词句，引起了巨大反响。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据帖子下第一段“Samantha Cristoforetti, an Italian female astronaut, posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on Twitter during her mission at the International Space Station to share her joy.”（意大利女宇航员Samantha Cristoforetti在执行国际空间站任务期间，在推特上发布了几行著名中国古代名篇，分享她的喜悦。）和帖子下第三段“The beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on Cristoforetti’s Twitter account.”（太空之美和中国文学在Cristoforetti的推特账户上引起了共鸣。）可知，因为看到太空的景象感到震撼及喜悦，Samantha Cristoforetti想要分享这份喜悦，所以发布了这些中国名篇词句。故选B。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据帖子下第三段“The beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on Cristoforetti’s Twitter account. Her post went viral on Twitter with thousands of retweets, likes and replies in a few hours.”（太空之美和中国文学在Cristoforetti的推特账户上引起了共鸣。她的帖子在推特上疯传，数小时内就有数千条转发、点赞和回复。）可知，Samantha Cristoforetti上传的太空美景及中国名篇词句引起了网友的共鸣，成为了热点话题，她的帖子在互联网上走红。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据帖子最后一段“While there may be many problems between nations here on Earth, in space, cooperation is strong.”（虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是强有力的。）可知，太空领域的合作能够将各个国家连接起来，弥合不同文化之间的差距。故选D。
【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了LED可以用来传递信息，LiFi技术的优点和广阔的应用前景。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“That change in the brightness is what we exploit in order to encode data extremely fast, so that a receiver will then see these changes in the light intensity in a way a human eye would not be able to detect. Then we have algorithms (算法) to recover these changes and get back the data stream.(亮度的变化是我们利用的，以便极快地编码数据，以便接收器能够以人眼无法检测到的方式看到光强度的这些变化。然后我们有算法（算法）来恢复这些更改并取回数据流。)”可知，LED传输信号是以人眼看不到的亮度变化来传递的，光强度的变化通过再通过特殊的算法恢复其中的信息。能否准确传递信息的关键就是可否能够准确分析光强度。故选D。
【32题详解】
句意猜测题。根据第三段中“What’s more, the visible light spectrum (频谱) is about ten thousand times larger than the radio spectrum. This would allow communication systems to not only use a spectrum that’s already been set up, but vast amount of free spectrum, which is in cars, in our LED lights at home, in streetlights and so on. (更重要的是，可见光谱（频谱）比无线电光谱大一万倍左右。这将使通信系统不仅可以使用已经建立的频谱，还可以使用大量的自由频谱，这些频谱存在于汽车，我们家中的LED灯，路灯等中。)”可知，LED通信频谱覆盖面广，应用也非常广泛，由此可推测It’s ubiquitous的含义为可用频谱无处不在，故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“One interesting application could be to use car headlights to communicate with other drivers on the road.(一个有趣的应用可能是使用汽车前灯与道路上的其他司机进行交流。)”及第六段中“That is where LiFi plays a key role. From home sensing of interior, you’d find out if people have fallen down and the way you would navigate (导航) indoors. So many, many more applications would be possible with light(这就是LiFi发挥关键作用的地方。从家庭内部感应，你会发现人们是否摔倒了，以及你在室内导航（导航）的方式。光可以带来如此多的应用)”可知，LiFi可以应用的场景很多，前景广阔。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
【答案】34. A 35. E 36. D 37. G 38. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对自己充满同情可以减轻抑郁，善待自己是值得的。
【34题详解】
上文“But sometimes people have unrealistic views of what they should achieve.(但有时人们对自己应该实现的目标有不切实际的看法)”以及下文“Then when they make a mistake, they may be too unforgiving of that error.(然后，当他们犯了错误时，他们可能会对错误太不宽容)”说明有时候人们对自己设定不缺实际的目标，犯错误后对错误太不宽容，A项“他们设定的标准太高了。”说明人们设定太高的标准，承上启下，符合题意。故选A。
【35题详解】
上文“This is when a person views anything imperfect as unacceptable.(这是一个人认为任何不完美的东西都是不可接受的时刻)”以及下文“However, self-compassion can help protect people from such negative impacts, a new study finds.(然而，一项新的研究发现，自我同情有助于保护人们免受这种负面影响)”说明认为任何不完美的东西都不可接受会对人们产生负面影响，E项中symptoms of depression是关键词，E项“这种感觉会增加压力并导致抑郁症状。”介绍了抑郁症状这一负面影响，承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
【36题详解】
上文“However, self-compassion can help protect people from such negative impacts, a new study finds.(然而，一项新的研究发现，自我同情有助于保护人们免受这种负面影响)”以及下文““It’s often easy to say kind and supportive things to our friends when things go wrong for them,” says Madeleine Ferrari.(玛德琳·法拉利说：“当我们的朋友遇到问题时，对他们说善意和支持的话通常很容易。”)”说明当朋友遇到问题时，我们容易对他们说善意和支持的话，采用同情的方式，D项中a good friend是关键词，D项“自我同情是以对待好朋友的方式对待自己。”承上启下，符合题意。故选D。
【37题详解】
下文“Ferrari’s team wanted to see if self-compassion might weaken that link.(法拉利的团队想看看自我同情是否会削弱这种联系)”以及“They asked these people to fill out a set of three questionnaires and asked the participants to rate their levels of perfectionism, depression and self-compassion.(他们要求这些人填写一组三份问卷，并要求参与者对他们的完美主义、抑郁和自我同情程度进行评分)”说明法拉利的团队想看自我同情是否会削弱完美主义与抑郁之间的联系，G项“先前的研究表明，完美主义者更容易抑郁。”引出下文，符合题意。故选G。
【38题详解】
上文“In both groups, people who were kinder to themselves were less likely to experience sadness and depression, the researchers found.(研究人员发现，在这两组人中，对自己更友善人不太可能经历悲伤和抑郁)”说明对自己更友善的人，即可以自我同情的人不太可能会抑郁，F项“因此，学习自我同情可以改善抑郁症患者的治疗。”承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，共30分)
第一节 (共3小题;第39题2分，第40题3分，第41题5分，共10分)
【答案】39. The people who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.
40. The first agriculture theme park in Japan opened in 1988 with the purpose of helping young people living in urban areas know more about rural life.
The purpose of the first agriculture theme park in Japan in 1988 is to improve the added value of Iga pork, a local brand.
41. Yes, I agree with him.Young people have no interest in traditional agriculture and tend to crowd into cities in search of jobs. Now, peoplee are in search of entertainment, fresh and healthy food. Farm theme parks can satisfy that.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在日本，农场主题公园很受欢迎。并有专业人士指出，农场主题公园是未来农业的发展方向。
【39题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“But a growing independent group of specialized theme parks in Japan are catching the attention of those who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.(但日本越来越多的独立主题公园吸引了那些寻求娱乐、新鲜食物和户外感觉的人的关注)”可知，寻求娱乐，健康食物和户外体验的人会被吸引来农场主题公园。故答案为The people who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri Farm pioneered the concept of agricultural theme parks in the late-1980s. The farm opened in 1988 when MokuMoku Tezukuri Farm Co., an agricultural corporation, attempted to improve the added value of Iga pork, a local brand.(20世纪80年代末，Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri农场率先提出了农业主题公园的概念。1988年，农业公司MokuMoku Tezukuri farm株式会社为了提高当地品牌Iga猪肉的附加价值，开设了这家农场)”可知，Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri Farm是日本第一家农业主题公园，可是它最初的目的并不是吸引城市的年轻人了解乡村生活，而是提高当地品牌猪肉的影响。故答案为The first agriculture theme park in Japan opened in 1988 with the purpose of helping young people living in urban areas know more about rural life. The purpose of the first agriculture theme park in Japan in 1988 is to improve the added value of Iga pork, a local brand.
【41题详解】
开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据第二段“The number of sweet potato producers has dropped due to the aging population. We thought up the idea to convey the charm of agriculture to young people who moved to urban areas because they didn’t want to take over from aging farmers.(由于人口老龄化，红薯生产者的数量已经下降。我们想出了这个主意，把农业的魅力传达给那些搬到城市的年轻人，因为他们不想接替年迈的农民)”及第一段中“But a growing independent group of specialized theme parks in Japan are catching the attention of those who are in search of entertainment, fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.(但日本越来越多的独立主题公园吸引了那些寻求娱乐、新鲜食物和户外感觉的人的关注)”判断，农场主题公园是未来农业发展的方向这个说法是有道理的。故答案为Yes, I agree with him.Young people have no interest in traditional agriculture and tend to crowd into cities in search of jobs. Now, peoplee are in search of entertainment, fresh and healthy food. Farm theme parks can satisfy that.
第二节 (20分)
42. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m more than delighted to receive your letter saying you’ve read some biographies of scientists. I can’t agree more with you that we teenagers can benefit from their personalities.
Take Doctor Yuan Longping as an example, who is a pioneer in agricultural area. We Chinese show great respect to him, without whom some might have died of hunger. As far as I’m concerned, he not only devoted himself to the research on rice, but also cared little about money. Inspired by his story, I’m reading the latest articles on AI in my spare time and even submitted my own articles. Unexpectedly, my submission was published in a magazine last month, which encouraged me to spare no effort to work hard, preparing for my future career as a robot designer. Additionally, I will lead a simple but meaningful life.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，赞同他“科学家的很多品质值得年轻人”的观点，并举例一种从科学家身上学到的品质,以及如何践行这一品质的一个事例。
【详解】1.词汇积累
收到你的来信：receive your letter→ hear from you
此外：additionally → what’s more /besides/furthermore
领域：area → field
献身于：devote oneself to → be devoted to
就我所知：as far as I am concerned → from my point of view/ as far as I know
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：As far as I’m concerned, he not only devoted himself to the research on rice, but also cared little about money. 
拓展句：As far as I know, not only did he devote himself to the research on rice, but also he cared little about money.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m more than delighted to receive your letter saying you’ve read some biographies of scientists. （运用了现在分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】Unexpectedly, my submission was published in a magazine last month, which encouraged me to spare no effort to work hard, preparing for my future career as a robot designer.（运用了which引导的非限制性定于从句和现在分词作状语）